1664-1 Hotels & Tourism . .
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
last week, had the approval even of such ments but raw-ugly in sum, with its own light topcoats that night. Over was Flor-
isolationists as Senators Vandenberg and tolerant government and its flamboyant, ida's longest cold spell on record. How
Hiram Johnson, seemed destined to pass. perennial "reform" Mayor E. G. Sewell; many sunbirds the freeze and its chill,
Debatable was the bill's practical or poten- 3) Miami Beach, with its own City Coun- cloudy aftermath had kept or driven away
tial value to the Finns. The money would cil, its Mayor John Hale Levi. The city was unknown. Florida's winter adding ma-
have to be spent in the U. S., and for non- of Miami is a city, much like other boom- chines are not geared to subtract.
military products. And final sanctioning ing U. S. towns; Miami Beach is a unique One of Miami's claims to fame is that
of the credit would be up to hard-headed U. S. phenomenon. it is the city near Miami Beach.
Jesse Jones, Federal Loan Administrator, In Mayor Sewell's thriving city of Town in the Sky. There are two Miami
who is reported to have said that he did Miami last week: Beaches. Both of them front, benefit, out-
not think the Finns, who have already bor- ► Slack-chinned, dull-eyed Crackers from dazzle Miami across blue Biscayne Bay.
rowed $10,000,000, were a good risk for the back country thronged the narrow One is geographic; a long (Io-mile), low
more than an additional $10,000,000. streets, along with vacationers in shorts spit between the Bay and the Atlantic.
and halters, blue-red-yellow slacks, astrol- The other is the town of Miami Beach,
FLORIDA01.which is like no other town in the U. S.,
or in the world:
Pleasure Dome Z µ:' 414:UAW 1,60o acres of land which a scant 25
I'. :f:. i, .' years ago was mangrove tangle, bare sand,
Cover) ae;' ty. --+tM, g
- avocado patches.
"There are no boll weevils in the tourist * =- �.. •..,
t ► 2,80o acres dredged from the bottom of
crop," the sages say in Florida. Last week :> '•.,,
Florida was harvesting its biggest crop of w t Biscayne Bay, dumped onto the natural
core and into 15 fabricated isles.
tourists. In limousines and trailers, by
airline and boat and railway ( Winding► through and between the
(at lowest
h. mother key and the islands, zo miles of
fares ever), they spread through all the � ':
inland waterway, 35.2 miles of beach and
long reach from Jacksonville on the north y palm-lined street
:,, i bayfront; no miles of
to Key West in the south (see map). They ,,,,-<--,s,.,,, l t and lane.
went to fish for sail, marlin, tarpon on '« It is Florida's booming, catholic pleas-
both coasts; to peer at fish on display at
Marineland and Silver Springs; to watch m"•' �:, e dome, looming low and broad against
tiii the Atlantic royalsk . Coconut and
their favorite ballplayers at Orlando, + . Y
palms, hibiscus, croton, flame vines, night- •
Clearwater, Sarasota; to hear the Bok blooming jasmine shroud mile upon serpen-
Carillon at Lake Wales; to see Seminoles '' � 'e t tine mile of streets and lanes and water-
and alligators and. flamingos and orange ,\'` r I
• ;�., ^ ; ways. On Lincoln Road, where the man-
trees; to have fun. .. •:u grove and sand once sold for 75¢ an acre,
They settled at St. Petersburg (up 15% , #• •'` the play world shops at swank branches of
over 1938-39); at snooty Palm Beach and ;, ,. ` s` De Pinna's, Hattie Carnegie's, Saks-Fifth
plebeian West Palm Beach (up 20%); at 'h
• �.,• Avenue, and property is quoted at $1,000
Fort Lauderdale, "fastest growing city in 6 + `�- • �t ,, a front foot. The creamy, orange, blue
the fastest growing county in Florida," +' ''"' .,t ""`` tic''� and yellow palaces, villas, cottages are of MMM
(up 20%); at Daytona Beach, Key West, e;•x;';;',;„ .I-' r.•: ...ti,,ot concrete blocks beneath their stucco (to
St. Augustine, Tampa (up 20%). And byA.:6 '''L' '� •'"'
Acme guard against "the next hurricane").Their
uncounted thousands they were diffused in STEVE HANNACAN,THE LATE CARL FISHER open patios, loggias, halls and broad win-
trailer camps, autocamps, hamlets, road- Mr.Fisher will be the only one. dow spaces are ths:gned for life and ease
side inns. By April x,when the winter sea- in the sun; on their roofs, the sun is put
son wanes and the smaller summer crop ogers, hackies, pimps, and the solid, trad- to work, heating water in glassed reflec-
begins to bud, the calculators figure that ing, homeliving folk of the city. tors. Northward by the Atlantic is the
upwards of 3,000,000 will have come and ► The News (which at the height of the Surf Club, where the cabanas trace an S
departed, left $365,000,000 in Florida Florida Boom led all U. S. newspapers in along the beach, and a Philadelphia social-
pockets.* advertising lineage) headlined G-Man ite named Alfred Ilko Barton teaches the
The place to see the tourist crop at its John Edgar Hoover, ineffectively sounding rich how to be lavish. By the County
verdant best and worst was along a patch off against the local toleration of gamblers, Causeway over the Bay, and in the Flam-
of the Atlantic coastline, 35o miles down gangsters, brothels; and Governor Fred ingo Hotel's blue basin, are the yachts
from the Georgia border, 145 miles up Cone in Tallahassee, effectively command- and cruisers: Nakhoda, Pleiades, Marmot,"
from the southernmost Florida Key.There ing Miami politicos to close down the Virago (lately chartered by J.P. Morgan),
lies the "Miami area." gaming. many another.
Just beyond the city line
Seen from the air, this 9o-square mi. P. At Hialeah, three dog-tracks and one of Miami Beach (where gambling is
patch looks like one sprawling bailiwick, jai-alai (Cuban handball) fronton in the taboo), in separately incorporated Surf-
set in the fiat expanses of citrus groves, Miami gambling area, betters on a single side, is the Brook Club, where gambling
bean and pepper and tomato fields that ex- "poor Monday" last week wagered $800.- is an elegant business. At the extreme,
tend southward to the swampy Everglades. 000; since the winter season opened had northerly end of the spit is a subdivi-
Actually it is divided into three parts. poured in a record $25,000,000 (including sion called Golden Beach where Mrs.
There are i) the residential suburbs: Hia- the takes at both Hialeah and Tropical Franklin Roosevelt last week rented the
leah, Coral Gables, Coconut Grove, South .Park horsetracks). Ross W. Hudsons' house for occupancy
Miami (where many a home-owner last I. At wondrous Dinner Key, just south of April 18.
week had moved into his garage-apart- the city, Pan American's great-winged Along with the socialites (the William
ment, rented his house for the winter sea- Clippers cleared 2,509 passengers between Kissam Vanderbilts arrived last week),
son); 2) the city of Miami, lovely in seg- the U. S., Cuba and the near Indies, the there are many, many more of unspec-
* All totals are guesstimates; Florida does not Southern Hemisphere (and men now tacular fortune (oil, hats, machinery,
know its tourist arithmetic. But specific indices, dream of a great mart at Miami, for the Coca-Cola, motors, patent medicine)
airline travel, hotel rentals, garbage collections goods and peoples of the western world). whose yachts and homes adorn the Beach.
show the seasonal total up 25-3o%. ►Rain fell one morning, and women wore There is "the mob" from Hollywood and
18 TIME, February 19, 1940
/
• t^ t4." '4. , / r r ';'"-,4'....'''4?‘.''';A:".1....;':
X` 4 *:"*'.'-'-''''.'::: 14••,.
a iF .,.7-;-.'14' .14 ,�y vr... t+,.-Vi - -
;n 1r
A L A 13 A Al A_
„ .
ir N t G E o G I A .-,- .
t
r (sugar cane syrup)
90 •
•ENSACOLA > 7(
( . t se)
}
a� � "��, TALLAHASSEE`S 4 •L
L ....."•::—:,--;-- y _ . ,"`,. r1 i KSONVILLE
'FY 17 (tobacco) '.41'. "..z
t (New Naval base)
Penama/.--11, .11111111.
�I�t /// 11
City ti (sea-islend (paper mil/s) t (i St.Augustine
ti 1 (poper mills) Cotton) f• IT:,(Sere oldest town
(lush potatoes) \ l\ in U.S,1565)
11---‘re":"'. (pecans) 4 e
e coj� Marineland
0 27 Do too mi. -- rj,Ni •,
*BOOK Club (cattle) ,. Q
t , se)! SurF to Q Daytona Beach Club �hr <0 \
' FI di,'•a atiA' .
F.. (pert)nnl s,y t''
�,. i f b.fir �� h`te ma
o Set II 2yni. ,.r p • ¢ t 0 ORLAN Q '>/
1f� <° '1 N i /
lit al k
_._ (Baseball I(cigars) lib �
., 'i-� '� Q trainin j eamp\ TAMPA Box' r40,..
'�+++\JJJ • Ke Wales \to Here live rBath Clearwater M / Harvey Firestone Club ���
Albert Lasker ST.PETERSBURG ;t.
14 William Knudsen U V 1
TT Charles Kettering t .)
1 Walter Briggs p "r (/Arrerichest ?I
�r Sebastian Kresge (? $ 1....,
citrus dist et) `II
A r�'t i n \ may ^ SARASOTA
' .['� l .. (Circus winter \ Hobe `
). l u Q querrus,}Iv: my \ /taKe $ So nd
M •( Naut.lussjc!
Hotel r Clewisto $ ,BF.AcH
I
i- ( Pt ere (sugar) a
1 s „o /=' 1 l tk Bean Clty
.., 4•-� .z...;:-.*.•:, Q Boca G rands , (string beans
ter%. 6y"1 y Plaza r (tarpon) �- G
nso IA ne JL �� (lLauder al•
I Hore - .�;-�...f�_j rj,.,.j'�`>„ inooln R/R0fle
hops,theafrcs) Co\� ��� �Bseftys 00)
t' `\ F A p.•..< miAMI Miami
so�^ � �\ ,jl' er ,b`' `South Beach -9 y� Beach
s'"*� o ("rne Bronx") Ev'b lades D
"4..:::‘.1. { •
,{ ;t " „I ions,
S•
Payor X* tw s zt�a-�h � tl'-'.', :s Park a
Glu 1, ' - � - b - Joe's Restaurant (tern
l Miami Beach Kennel 0
Club(dog racing) t •
Tropical Park Track �F•shes (Here once pirates!wreckers. „ /
blockade runners, 'leggers; �/
ican terminal airport now smalltime racketeers
�/ f a er WK.Vanderbiles 'r� and fishermen) Matecumbe
Qan "Yacht estate ) / 1 :•`7`,• r" (bonefish)
Dry Tortugas ) s.' ��`
( / il Key West
(here Hemingway
MIAM;PBRACH lr .ealms,wrifts)
�.
TIME Map by r,.MC7YPin lc
Broadway (Al Jolson, Walter Winchell, buy $25—$5o,00o houses, retire the year Son of the Beach. Near Miami, 64
Ben Bernie, et al., usually at the garish, round to Miami Beach.) years ago, when the county had less than
$8—$75 a day Roney Plaza); or a few, Swarming thousands of thrifty folk Soo residents, lived a Republican notary
like Columnist-Author Damon Runyon, in stretch a year's savings over two weeks in called the Duke of Dade. He was able, it
their own winter villas; and some, like the "South Beach," where there are many is said, to conjure up 350 Republican votes
Manhattan George ("Romeo & Juliet") small, relatively cheap ($5—$7) hotels, the for Hayes, tip the Florida electoral balance
Lowthers (TIME, Nov. 27), who last week dog-track, drug-store lunch counters, the against Tilden, and thus assist in robbing
were swapping their tabloid fame for a only public beach space. Collectively they the Democrats of the 1876 Presidential
free honeymoon at the Floridan Hotel. bring millions in cash to Miami Beach. election. Since then the political morals
Hundreds are well-to-do rather than Their tide is spreading northward to and of Miami and environs have not materially
rich, spending a month's income for two past 15th Street, where (at Alton Road) improved. But Mayor John Hale Levi of
weeks, a month, a winter by the sea. an apartment-hotel sign is a symbolic out- Miami Beach would never be so crass as
(More of these than of any other group post. The sign: GENTILES. to manufacture votes, and nobody ever
TIME, February 19, 1940 19
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• NATIONAL AFFAIRS
called him the Duke of anything. Presid- of proportion. Says he: "They say Carl those blue waters and the hamlet on the '
ing last week at a meeting of the Miami Fisher was the father of the beach, and shore was enough for him. He wired Carl
Beach City Council, His Honor wore a that I am the son of the beach." Fisher: "Meet me in Miami . . . a pretty
brown jacket,linen pants neatly molded to Journey to the Sun. Miami Beach is little town."
his modest paunch, tan-and-white sneakers "the Beach" because a man named Carl Fisher met him. He bought a house,
which could have passed for bedroom slip- Graham Fisher had imagination and prepared to settle down for a long rest.
pers. Cocked off centre in his tanned, $5,000,000. Carl Fisher was an Indiana But he was still a young man, and he still
round, somewhat sallow face was one of Hoosier, and he was a humdinger. He had some restless money. On the sandy
Shorty's High Grade Stogies (made in made his first fortune in Prest-O-Lite spit across the Bay from little Miami, a
Gallipolis, Ohio), which the Mayor con- acetylene lamps for automobiles, sold out dreamy but energetic New Jersey Quaker
tinually chews or smokes. just as electric headlights were coming in. named John Stiles Collins had planted
John Levi speaks of "the Beach" as That was 1911, Carl Fisher was 37, and coconuts (which died) and avocados
fondly as he would of a child (he has he was honing to play with his money. (which throve). Thinking to sell some
none: handsome Mrs. Levi has a son by a So he had the Seabury Shipyards in New homesites on the spit, he started a wooden
previous marriage). He is 64; she is per- York City build him a motor yacht, in- bridge over the bay, ran out of money in
haps ten years younger. The Levis, like vited Seabury's Superintendent John H. mid-water. John Collins'lawyer was young
many another moderately well-to-do cou- Levi to go on the first cruise—down the Frank B. Shutts from Indiana, who was
plc whose spacious, substantial but unob- Mississippi, through the Gulf and around also publishing the new Miami Herald.
trusive homes dot the less effulgent sec- Florida's tip. Also along were the first To Hoosier Fisher went Hoosier Shutts,
tions of Miami Beach, are never seen at Mrs. Fisher (she got a Paris divorce in for $40,000 to finish Quaker Collins' I
the Surf, Bath or Brook (gambling) Club. 1926), one Harry Bushman, and a Negro bridge. Carl Fisher put up the money, in I
They eschew such roisterous joints as cook named William Galloway. return exacted 200 acres of Collins'swamp-
Mother Kelly's night club. "My position, Christmas week in New Orleans,Friends land (after prolonged squawks from John
you know," the Mayor explains with dis- Fisher & Levi got tight on Ramos gin Collins). That was the birth of Miami '
tinct regret. Mrs. Levi spends much time fizzes (a drink that was new to them), Beach.
at bridge, fishing, or at Hialeah on racing pelted a policeman with a toy elephant, Fisher's dredges sucked up the bay bot-
afternoons. The Mayor is likely to be at placated Mrs. Fisher with an armful of torn, sloughed new land onto the spindly
home, ensconced on his front porch with a knickknacks. On the Gulf,after a day and spit. Fisher's elephants (for publicity) r
. rye-and-plain-water. Next to judicious a half of freezing storm, Pilot Levi headed trampled down the mangrove thickets. 1
sipping, his joy is Skippy, gifted Boston for Mobile Bay, beached the boat. Cook Around the Founder gathered a notable
bulldog, who can seize a fallen coconut, Galloway leaped ashore. "I'm never going corps: onetime Boat-builder John Levi, I
whirl it round &round on the palm-fringed back on that boat again," he announced, now a constructor, engineer, hard-headed j
lawn until he has stripped off the fibrous and trudged off toward Mobile. Next day "No man" to Fisher, privately wondering I
covering. Of this performance, Levi & the Fishers and Bushman headed back for what all the splurging would come to;
Skippy never tire. � _._,- mise 1
.T
Mayor Levi pronounces his name lee- _
vie, is distressed when he hears it called ;mew 9i
lee-vee, regards his ancestry as Anglo- 1 ''''.--
Saxon. He is friendlier to the Jewish in- -- a; - _ . .'I :, -..., ti=- -(-•�s..�--^- '-=
flux than was Founder Fisher, whose corn- --.. • IA Ilha i- s . A".1% ' rtil-
panics' hotels still bar Jews. v „;., r -- - r , -0 - -a. �`- f
John Levi actually looks as if his name e� '' ,."• '~�' :-' i. .... ..1-1,1".''' ti , •. . y
should be Paddy O'Rourke. He also looks � • r ,r , . r :, ',Awn..�. • r -rr• .",,`► i�,I , .? ` _ "
and lives like what he is: a well-off, semi- _ �.,,,,,-.r
�„,, ><P",-• -4:- l'''. ‘1.--.. ,, I
retired businessman who has softened with NO - Ia'1 / ^, ''• r
the easy years. But in his town's peculiar '' .'t' -1- -— : i I,0k"-''. a.•"-01 ...rte .e.0 a a
politics, he is as hard as a stonecrab. -;:44'
F,� n Nr-,- ,., ,,r~
A communal autocracy is his Miami r _ � � �.- - - x T, 1 �;a. r B ,
Beach. Shy, able, $ro,000-a-year City ' ,(/` -L• *"..1+' 1 _
Manager Clyde Renshaw tends to the if • S''' o b.� _-%___,,,,
mechanics of city government. John Levi _ -4. ‘ ,r •,r', -., 1
and a close little sodality of realty opera- �:, 't l +
tors,builders,bankers,other local business- is - 4 4 i
men tend to politics. They comprise, em- '�'� ,' '
ploy, or otherwise control most of the vot- 1. - • O *.���___.. -•1 ,,
ing population (4,043 in 1932; 8,552 in - . `+..L..A / °�i �,N� 4
44,
1939). And they perforce are tolerant •+'r" ...0� .0 -
{
realists, balancing and catering to the s, .'V vrk•x / -,n4;7-- ��
wants of the 200,000 winterbirds who flit J f ) 4•.`,.4 :,t •
in and away,the small but growing number k, ,,,, %xy •
who choose to dwell in Miami Beach.
Brothels are taboo in Miami Beach be- Matlack from The Magic of Miami Beach
cause i) they are bad for the home trade, BUILDING MIAMI BEACH
and
and z) there are plenty just across the bay • • • front 7S¢ an acre to $1,000 a JrOat /vol.
in Miami. Gambling flourished until 1936. Indianapolis,leaving John Levi to ship the John Collins, helping Fisher's dream to
Then Levi & Co. concluded that gambling boat from Mobile to Jacksonville. He fruition and himself to fortune; Collins' .
racketeers were also bad for business, cruised it around Florida, discovered thatat New ew Jersey neighbor, friend and son-in-
banged down the lid on everything except a metal lever had deflected his compass, law, Thomas Jessup Pancoast; James Alli-
one legalized dog-track (which pays the got sadly lost. But eventually he found his son, one of Carl Fisher's Indiana partners
city $5o a day during the season). way through the Florida Keys (with a na- (for whom a famous military airplane mo-
Unlike some who helped to build "the tive fisherman's help),moored in Biscayne tor is named); Publicityman Steve Hanna- f
Beach," John Levi has not lost his sense Bay in January, 1912. One long look at gan (from 1924 on), who made himself
20 TIME, February 19, 1940
ININIMININIIIIIIIMie- ..
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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
and the Beach famous with bathing-beauty D. M. Hamilton for refusing to send a One youth briefly wrestled with him. He
photographs, now entrusts the Beach and Republican Party delegate to any Youth sat down, sulked, walked out. Smugly the
the technique to Deputy Joe Copps; and Congress meeting until it purged "Com- audience settled down. Complacently they
(by no means least) Negro Galloway, who munistic elements which, according to the listened to the evening's speeches.
had repented of his desertion, had become Dies Committee, dominate it." He had Next morning the young folks were in
the personal factotum, confidant, worship- chided Mrs. Roosevelt for chiding Mr. fine fettle. Despite a cold,raw drizzle,they
per of Carl Fisher (and now John Levi's formed in line and paraded towards the
white-coated, white-polled house servant). +. 1t' ' White House, 4,466 strong. By the time
Founder Fisher made the Beach, made C`'t,,,' k they reached the White House their spirits
them all. He almost went broke in 1922, were chilled and their hearts were not in
recovered; he survived the hurricane of '': �,'""�`� their throats as they sang:
1926, the Florida Boom and its collapse. * We've been getting nothing else but love,
He lost his millions not on the Beach but R „ y Franklin,
on his extravagant development at Mon- } ;
`;. ,i ,. That's the only thing we've plenty of,
tauk Point on New York's Long Island. `• •'``� „ Franklin.
When he died last July, "he hardly had ,, `'4', 4,2% After they had stood in the rain an hour,
one yacht to rub against another." This • ;,• ''`'•`�r`' the youths'spirits were somewhat damped.
spring, from Woodlawn cemetery in Mi- , tri \ Finally the President stepped out on the
ami, his body is to be moved to the only ,/; '` South Portico.He began talking.He tried to
grave permitted on Miami Beach. 1 j be light. No one laughed. He made some
\, political remarks. No one clapped. He was
V
I'' fatherly—told the children to be sure to
YOUTH } 1 change into dry clothes when they got
Monstrous Lobby i' ,4 home. Notamurmur.Then he lit into them.
J"The meeting will come to order!" " 4 When he is pressed, when the time is
Under the cobalt-blue ceiling and fan- , , , :- ripe,Franklin Roosevelt can be blunt to the
tastic chandeliers of the Department of b ,., �' L .,. i point of brutality. Faced by these cocky, •
Labor Auditorium, the bustle and fidget sullen kids, he let himself go,gave the kids
of over 2,000 young people settled to a " (and their adopted mother, Mrs. Franklin
whisper. The members of the American Acme D. Roosevelt) a first-class spanking:
Youth Congress, assembled in Washington A. Y. C.'s FRIEND He told them sharply to keep their noses
for a four-day citizenship institute, "a She too got spanked. out of things they know nothing about. He
monster lobby for jobs, peace, civil liber- noted that the New York chapter of
ties, education and health," came to order. Hamilton. He had made public an attack on A. Y. C. had condemned U. S. aid to Fin-
A. Y. C.'s adopted mother, Mrs. Franklin the Congress signed by Gene Tunney and land "on the ground that such action was
D.Roosevelt,sat placidly in the second row. four other youngish men. And at this meet- `an attempt to force America into an im-
Many a curious glance was directed at her. ing he had promised there would be action. perialistic war.' I Cheers] My friends, that
For once this sensible woman had put her- Jack McMichael, National Chairman of reason was unadulterated twaddle, unadul-
self in an altogether too quixotic position. A. V. C., got up to speak. He rambled terated twaddle. . . . [Boos, shushes, dead
She was on record as believing that Commu- along about the New Deal, about the Ku silence.] That American sympathy is 98%
Hist influence in the A.Y.C.was negligible. Klux Klan. When he started deriding the with the Finns in their effort to stave off
As to that, the youngest youth in the hall Dies Committee— invasion of their own soil by now is axio-
knew that Mrs. Roosevelt was either kid- "Point of Order! Point of Order!" matic. That America wants to help them •
ding herself or being taken for a ride. shouted F. Steven McArthur, leaping to by lending or giving money to them to
One of the "other" Roosevelts, Archi- his feet. "I want to make a resolution. save their own lives is also axiomatic to-
bald, son of Archibald, son of President We must clear ourselves of the charge of day. That the Soviet Union would, be-
Theodore, sat by. The delegates (here a Communistic—" cause of this, declare war on the United
pretty girl who could afford a fox collar, "You're out of order!" shouted Chair- States is about the silliest thought that I
there an unemployed Italian in a sweater, man Ennes. ever heard advanced in the fifty-eight
Negroes next to white friends, students, "He's not!" yelled Peter Tropea, up years of my life. . . .
sharecroppers, a few "youths" with bald front, waving a book in one hand. "It has been said that some of you are
or greying heads) were dog-tired. All day "Shut up. Sit down! Boo!" roared the Communists. . . . As Americans you have
ithey had seen sights, visited Congressmen, assembled youth. Chairman Ennes had a right, a legal and constitutional right, to
argued, walked up & down with rhyming Mr. McArthur tossed out. Speaker Mc- call yourselves Communists . . . but . . .
placards: "Heed the Voice of 21,000,00o: Michael went on. you have no American right,by act or deed
Keep the C. C. C. Civilian!" "Scholar- "I demand the floor!" shouted Archi- of any kind, to subvert the Government
ships not Battleships!" "Dies is FLIP- bald Roosevelt. "I wish to read a resolu- and the Constitution of this nation."
I'1TY about Civil LIBERTY!" tion. We must denounce Russia!" Next day, the woman in the case got in
But when Chairman Howard Ennes "You're out of order!"cried Ennes. the last word. She told the Congress that it
pounded his gavel, the weary delegates "He's not! He's not!" yelled Peter was fine, ignorance or no ignorance, for
perked up. Not because they expected the Tropea, waving his book. them to put themselves on the record, as
• speeches to be much fun, or because they "Boo! Throw them out! Shut them they had, for Ethiopia, Spain, China,
thought the meeting would advance the up!" Members of the Congress, taking Czecho-Slovakia. As to Finland: "I don't
A. Y. C.'s advertised aim: passage of the parliamentary procedure into their own think you should go on record for anything
$500,000,000 Murray Youth Bill to estab- hands, gave Mr. Tropea the bum's rush. that you don't believe in. . . . I know all
lish a permanent Federal Youth Adminis- Peter Tropea put up a fight, managed to the reasons that are given for the Russian
tration. They had come to see a sideshow. break free and throw his book at an invasion of Finland. I know all the reasons
They had their eyes peeled for one Murray A. Y. C. officer before being ejected. The because I have heard them from my Corn-
Plavner. book was Cannon's Procedure in the House munist friends—but I still say there is no
For two days Murray Plavner had done of Representatives. excuse for a big nation to invade a small
a lot of talking. He had praised Republi- Archibald Roosevelt meanwhile was nation,and therefore our sympathies ought
can National Committee Chairman John singing out his resolution over the din. to go to Finland."
TIME, February 19, 1940 21