Resolution 11823 RESOLUTION NO. 11823
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF MIAMI
BEACH, FLORIDA pursuant to the provisions of Section 5 .03 of
the Home Rule Charter of Metropolitan Dade County, that the
following proposed Amendments to Chapter 7672, Special Acts,
1917 as Amended, the same being the Charter of the City of
Miami Beach, Florida, as the same is set forth in the "Code of
the City of Miami Beach, Florida" shall be submitted to the
voters of said City for their approval or rejection at an elec-
tion to be held on May 24, 1966:
A. That that portion of Section 39 of said Charter as the
same is set forth in the "Code of the City of Miami Beach,
Florida" reading as follows:
"Any qualified elector of the City of Miami
Beach, Dade County, Florida, who expects to
be absent from Dade County on the day of
any municipal election hereafter held in
the City of Miami Beach, may apply in per-
son to the city clerk of Miami Beach for an
official ballot to be used at his voting
precinct at such election, and the city
clerk shall furnish one such official
ballot to each elector so applying therefor
at any time not more than fifteen days, nor
less than three days next prior to the day
of such election, upon satisfactory proof
to the city clerk that the applicant there-
for is qualified to vote at such election, "
is hereby amended to read as follows :
"Any qualified elector of the City of Miami
Beach, Dade County, Florida, who expects to
be absent from Dade County on the day of
any municipal election hereafter held in
the City of Miami Beach, may apply in per-
son to the city clerk of Miami Beach for an
official ballot to be used at his voting
precinct at such election, and the city
clerk shall furnish one such official
ballot to each elector so applying therefor
at any time commencing two days after the
closing date for filing of candidates and
up to the day of the election, upon satis-
factory proof to the city clerk that the
applicant therefor is qualified to vote at
such election, "
B. That Section 40. 1 of said Charter, as the same appears
in the "Code of the City of Miami Beach, Florida" be and the
same is amended to read as follows:
"No person holding office by election there-
to by the people shall hold such office for
- 1 -
OFFICE OF CITY ATTORNEY - 1130 WASHINGTON AVENUE - MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA 33139
more than six months following his taking
of the oath and the assumption of the dut-
ies of any Federal, State or County elec-
tive office to which he has been elected or
appointed and that such office shall there-
after be deemed vacant and shall be filled
in the manner prescribed in Section 28 (k)
of this Charter. "
C. That that portion of Section 23 of said Charter as the
same is set forth in the "Code of the City of Miami Beach,
Florida" reading as follows:
"All officers appointed or elected as pro-
vided in this Act, except those councilmen
who may be elected for a four-year term as
in this Charter provided, shall hold office
until the next ensuing city election or un-
til their successors are duly appointed or
elected and qualified. "
is hereby amended to read as follows:
"All officers elected by the people as pro-
vided in this Act, except those councilmen
who may be elected for a four-year term as
in this Charter provided, shall hold office
until the next ensuing city election or un-
til their successors are duly elected and
qualified; provided, however, the term of
all officers of the city, except councilman
and the mayor, shall end on the day of the
first regular meeting of the city council
in July following the election of
councilmen. "
D. That Section 13 of said Charter, as the same appears
in the "Code of the City of Miami Beach, Florida" be and the
same is amended to read as follows:
"The duties of the city manager shall be to
see that all the ordinances of the said
city are faithfully executed. He shall
have power to appoint by and with the con-
sent of the city council, all the officers
of the city who are not made elective by
this Charter, except the city manager, city
attorney and city engineer, who shall be
elected by the city council; provided that
the City Manager shall be appointed by the
city council at its first regular meeting
in July following the election of Council-
men, and thereafter the City Manager shall
certify his appointments to the several
city offices to the city council at their
next regular meeting, and the city council
shall, upon such appointment, take the same
- 2 -
OFFICE OF CITY ATTORNEY - 1130 WASHINGTON AVENUE - MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA 33139
under consideration not later than their
first meeting after such appointment is
certified to them at a regular meeting. If
the appointees or appointee of the city
manager are confirmed by the city council,
he or they shall qualify as such officer or
officers and enter upon the discharge of
his or their duties. In the event that
such appointment or appointments are reject-
ed by the city council, the city manager
shall be notified of such rejections by the
city clerk within forty-eight hours and
thereafter the city manager shall be auth-
orized and empowered to certify other
appointments to the city council at the
next regular meeting thereof for the office
or offices left vacant by reason of the
action of the city council in rejecting the
first nomination of the city manager; and
in the event that the city council shall
fail or refuse to confirm such appointment,
or in the event that the city manager shall
fail or refuse to certify to the council
such appointment or appointments as afore-
, said, then the city council shall proceed
to elect such officer or officers by a
majority vote of the members present.
The city manager shall have the power to
bid in all property for the city at any and
all judicial sales under process of law,
where the city is a party; he may take
command of the police and govern the city
by proclamation during times of grave pub-
lic danger or emergency and the city coun-
cil shall be the judge of what constitutes
such danger or emergency; he may, from time
to time, make recommendations to the city
council for the enactment of such laws or
the adoption of such rules and regulations
P g
for the government of the various city de-
partments as will in his judgment best pro-
mote the interests of the city; and shall
do and perform all duties imposed upon him
by ordinances of the city and by this
Charter. "
E. That Section 24 of the said Charter as the same is set
forth in the "Code of the City of Miami Beach, Florida" is
hereby amended by adding the following paragraph at the conclu-
sion of said section:
"Provided, the city council shall also have
the right by resolution adopted by the fav-
orable vote of four members, and without
action on the part of the city manager, to
suspend any officer of the city, except
- 3 -
OFFICE OF CITY ATTORNEY - 1130 WASHINGTON AVENUE - MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA 33139
members of the city council, for a per-
iod of not more than sixty days, and to
appoint some person to perform the dut-
ies of said suspended officer during the
period of such suspension. "
F. That that portion of Section 11 of said Charter as the
same is set forth in the "Code of the City of Miami Beach,
Florida" reading as follows:
" . . .provided, however, that said city
councilmen shall not in any event re-
ceive a salary of more than five thous-
and dollars per year each; and provided
that only members of the city council
shall be elected by the duly qualified
voters of the city at elections called
and held pursuant to the provisions
hereof and of the city ordinances, and
that all other officers of said city
shall be elected or appointed as herein
provided. Provided, further, the in-
crease of the salary of city councilmen
shall not prevent any city councilman,
in office at the time of such increase,
being a candidate for, and being elected
to, the city council at ensuing elec-
tions; notwithstanding the provisions of
section 8 of the Charter of the City of
Miami Beach being section 8 of chapter
7672 of the Laws of the State of Florida,
1917, as amended; and provided, further,
that no ordinance providing for an in-
crease in the compensation of the members
of the city council shall become effec-
tive until a majority of the qualified
voters of the City of Miami Beach,
Florida, voting on the same at a special
or general election called for such pur-
pose, shall vote in favor thereof. "
is hereby amended to read as follows:
. . .provided, however, that the annual
compensation for the office of council-
man shall be six thousand dollars and
that the annual compensation for the
office of mayor-councilman shall be ten
thousand dollars; and provided that only
the members of the city council shall be
elected by the duly qualified voters of
the city at elections called and held
pursuant to the provisions hereof and of
the city ordinances, and that all other
officers of said city shall be elected
or appointed as herein provided. Pro-
vided, further, the increase of the
salary of city councilmen shall not
- 4 -
OFFICE OF CITY ATTORNEY - 1130 WASHINGTON AVENUE - MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA 33139
prevent any city councilman, in office
at the time of such increase, being a
candidate for, and being elected to, the
city council at ensuing elections; not-
withstanding the provisions of section 8
of the Charter of the City of Miami Beach
being section 8 of chapter 7672 of the
Laws of the State of Florida, 1917, as
amended; and provided, further, that no
ordinance providing for an increase in
the compensation of the members of the
city council shall become effective un-
til a majority of the qualified voters
of the City of Miami Beach, Florida,
voting on the same at a special or gen-
eral election called for such purpose,
shall vote in favor thereof. "
G. That that portion of Section 112 of Article XVII of
the "Code of the City of Miami Beach, Florida", the same being
a part of Chapter 26024, Special Acts of Florida, 1949, being a
part of the Charter of the City of Miami Beach, reading as
follows:
"The board shall have power and authority
as follows:
a. To invest and re-invest monies of,
or inuring to, the Firemen' s Relief and
Pension Fund in United States Government
Bonds or in bonds of the City of Miami
Beach, and to convert into cash such secur-
ities as may be required for the payment
of claims against the fund. "
is hereby amended to read as follows:
"The board shall have power and authority
as follows:
a. To invest and re-invest monies of,
or inuring to, the Firemen' s Relief and
Pension Fund in the following:
Bonds, notes, securities or other
evidences of indebtedness which are the
direct obligations of the Government of
the United States and for which the full
faith and credit of the government is
pledged.
Loans, insured or guaranteed as
to principal and interest by the Govern-
ment of the United States or by any
agency or instrumentality thereof, to the
extent of such insurance or guaranty.
Bonds, notes and other securit-
ies of any county or incorporated city in
any State of the United States or the
- 5 -
OFFICE OF CITY ATTORNEY - 1130 WASHINGTON AVENUE - MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA 33139
District of Columbia, which are the
direct obligation of such county or city
and for payment of which said govern-
mental body has the lawful authority to
levy taxes or make assessments.
Bonds, notes or other evidences of
indebtedness which are payable from
revenues of any structure or improvement
owned by any state or incorporated city
within the United States.
Dividend paying stocks, common or
preferred, of any corporation created
and existing under the laws of the
United States or of any state, provided
that the amount so invested shall at no
time exceed fifteen (15%) per cent of
the total funds invested.
Shares or savings accounts of fed-
eral savings and loan associations, to
the extent that they are insured by an
agency or an instrumentality of the
Government of the United States. "
H. That that portion of Section 7, Chapter 26024, Laws of
Florida, Special Acts, 1949, the same being Section 112 of the
"Code of the City of Miami Beach, Florida" reading as follows:
"Section 7. Individual accounts shall
be established for every fireman of reg-
ular status at the effective date of this
Act, fireman who has been retired under
any city pension plan since the adoption
of Chapter 19112, Acts of Florida, 1939,
or fireman who attains regular status
subsequent to the adoption of this Act.
To these accounts shall be credited, as
of the date of each payment to the fund
by the state, an amount directly propor-
tionate to the total number of years of
service times the rate of compensation
of each participant as of that date.
After adjustments by the proration of the
costs of previous court action and pre-
liminary expense, this method of credit-
ing accounts of individuals shall be
applied to the present accumulated monies
as of the date of each payment thereof;
and to all subsequent payments to the
fund by the state after proper provisions
have been made for the payment of admin-
istrative expenses for the ensuing year.
There shall be an annual determination
of interest earned by the investments of
the fund, and such interest earnings, to-
gether with forfeitures as provided for
in section 8, shall be prorated to the
individual accounts of participants in
- 6 -
OFFICE OF CITY ATTORNEY - 1130 WASHINGTON AVENUE - MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA 33139
the same manner as provided for payments
to the fund by the state. No further
credits shall be made to an individual 's
account after he shall have retired under
any other pension plan of the City of
Miami Beach, or after he shall otherwise
cease to be a participant. "
is hereby amended to read as follows:
"Section 7. Individual accounts shall be
established for every fireman of regular
status at the effective date of this Act,
fireman who has been retired under any
city pension plan since the adoption of
Chapter 19112, Acts of Florida, 1939, or
fireman who attains regular status subse-
quent to the adoption of this Act. To
each individual account there shall be
credited, as of the date of each payment
to the fund by the state, an amount of
such payment which bears the same ratio
thereto that the years of service of
each participant bears to the years of
service of all participants. After ad-
justments by the proration of the costs
of previous court action, and prelimin-
ary expense, this method of crediting
accounts of individuals shall be applied
to the present accumulated monies as of the
date of each payment thereof; and to all
subsequent payments to the fund by the
state after proper provisions have been
made for the payment of administrative
expenses for the ensuing year. There
shall be an annual determination of in-
terest earned by the investments of the
fund, and such interest earnings, to-
gether with forfeitures as provided for
in section 8, shall be prorated to each
of the individual accounts of the parti-
cipants in the same proportion as the in-
vested funds of the individual account of
each participant bears to the total funds
invested on behalf of the Fund. No fur-
ther credits shall be made to an indivi-
dual's account after he shall have retired
under any other pension plan of the City
of Miami Beach, or after he shall other-
wise cease to be a participant. "
I. That Section 2 of Chapter 23414, Laws of Florida, Acts
of 1945, as amended, the same being a part of the Charter of
the City of Miami Beach, is amended by adding thereto at the
end of Sub-section 3 thereof, the following:
- 7 -
OFFICE OF CITY ATTORNEY - 1130 WASHINGTON AVENUE - MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA 33139
"At such time as hereinafter designated,
the City shall in lieu of any other annual
prior service payments hereinabove set
forth, pay into such fund, in annual pay-
ments, such amount as is actuarially
determined to be necessary to amortize
the unfunded prior service liability for
all benefits provided for under this plan,
at a uniform rate over a period of thirty
(30) years provided, however, such annual
payments shall not commence until the pen-
sion benefits pursuant to terms of Section 7 1/2C
hereof become effective."
J. That Subsection 4 of Section 2 of Chapter 23414, Laws of
Florida, Acts of 1945, as amended, the same being a part of the
Charter of the City of Miami Beach, is amended by adding at the
end thereof the following:
"provided, however, at such time as the
provisions of Section 7 1/2C hereof become
effective, the City shall thereafter pay into
the funds of the system at end of each fiscal
year such amount as is actuarially determined
to be required in this Section, in addition to
the personal contribution of the members, to
fully amortize the liability for pensions in-
curred during said fiscal year, computed on
an interest rate as determined from time to
time by the Pension Board. "
K. That Subsection 5 of Section 2 of Chapter 23414, Laws of
Floridan Acts of 1945, as amended, the same being a part of the
Charter of the City of Miami Beach, is amended to read as follows:
"provided, however, at such time as the
provisions of Section 7 1/2C hereof become
effective, then any excess of investment
return on the funds of system over the
interest rate determined by the Board as
provided in Subsection 4 hereof shall be
used to reduce the City's contribution. "
- 8 -
L. That that portion of Subsection 6 of Section 2 of Chapter
23414, Laws of Florida, Acts of 1945, as amended, and the same being
Section 126 of the "Code of the City of Miami Beach, Florida" , the
same being a part of the Charter of the City of Miami Beach, reading
as follows:
"Those members who elect under supple-
mental contract, prior to October 1, 1953,
to contribute, in lieu of any other rate of
contribution, six (6%) per cent of the salary
or wages of such member commencing
October 1, 19 53, shall waive all other
benefits and in lieu thereof, shall be
entitled to receive the benefits of this
System including the benefits provided
hereafter in Sections 7 1/2B, 8 1/2 and
9 3/4, under the terms, conditions, and
restrictions prescribed in Sections 7,8 and 9 ."
is hereby amended to read as follows:
"Those members who elect under supple-
mental contract, prior to October 1, 19 53,
to contribute, in lieu of any other rate of
contribution, six (6%) per cent of the salary
or wages of such member commencing
October 1, 19 53 , shall waive all other
benefits and in lieu thereof shall be en-
titled to receive the benefits of this System
including the benefits provided hereafter in
Sections 7 1/213, 7 1/20, 8 1/2 and 9 3/4,
under the terms, conditions, and restrictions
prescribed in Sections 7, 8 and 9 ."
M. That that portion of Subsection 6 of Section 2 of Chapter
23414, Laws of Florida, Acts of 1945, as amended, and the same
being Section 126 of the "Code of the City of Miami Beach, Florida" ,
the same being a part of the Charter of the City of Miami Beach,
reading as follows:
"Those employees who become members
after October 1, 1953, shall contribute
six (6%) per cent of the salary or wages
of such member, and shall be entitled to
receive the benefits of this System, in-
cluding the benefit provided in Sections
7 1/2B, 8 1/2 and 9 3/4, under the terms,
conditions and restrictions prescribed in
Sections 7, 8 and 9 ."
is hereby amended to read as follows:
- 9 -
l;�
"Those employees who become members
after October 1, 1953, shall contribute
six (6) per cent of the salary or wages
of such member, and shall be entitled to
receive the benefits of this System, in-
cluding the benefit provided in Sections
7 1/2B, 7 1/2C, 8 1/2 and 9 3/4, under
the terms, conditions and restrictions
prescribed in Sections 7, 8 and 9."
N. That Section 6 of Chapter 23414, Laws of Florida,
Acts of 1945, as amended, the same being a part of the
Charter of the City of Miami Beach, Florida and being
Section 126 of the "Code of the City of Miami Beach,
Florida" , be and the same is hereby amended to read
as follows:
"Money shall be withdrawn from the
pension fund created by this Act only
upon warrants executed by a majority of
the board. The board shall have exclu-
sive charge of the investment of any
surplus in said fund not needed for the
current obligations thereof by invest-
ment of same in the following:
Bonds, notes, securities or
other evidences of indebtedness
which are the direct obligations
of the Government of the United
- 10 -
States and for which the full
faith and credit of the govern-
ment is pledged.
Loans, insured or guaranteed
as to principal and interest by
the Government of the United
States or by any agency or in-
strumentality thereof, to the
extent of such insurance or
guaranty.
Bonds, notes and other securi-
ties of any county or incorporated
city in any State of the United
States or the District of Columbia,
which are the direct obligation
of such county or city and for
payment of which said governmental
body has the lawful authority to
levy taxes or make assessments.
Bonds, notes or other evidences
of indebtedness which are payable
from revenues of any structure of
improvement owned by any state or
incorporated city within the
United States.
Dividend paying stocks, common
or preferred, of any corporation •
created and existing under the
laws of the United States or of
any state, and, group annuity
contracts with one or more insurance
companies authorized to do business
in the state with assets of not
less than two billion dollars,
provided that the amount so in-
vested shall at no time exceed
fifteen (15%) per cent of the
total funds invested. Such
group annuity contracts may pro-
vide for direct payment of bene-
fits by the insurance company to
members, retirants, pensioners
or beneficiaries, or may provide
to be made to the board to be
applied towards amounts payable
to such persons pursuant to the
provisions of this Act.
Shares or savings accounts of
federal savings and loan associa-
tions, to the extent that they
are insured by an agency or an
instrumentality of the Government
of the United States.
- 11 -
Monies needed for the meeting of the current obligations
may be deposited in a depository recognized by law for
the deposit of the State of Florida and upon posting of
similar security to that required for state deposits. The
City of Miami Beach shall have the custody of and respon-
sibility for any stocks, bonds, notes or other evidences
of indebtednesses and such custody shall be for the pur-
pose of safekeeping only, without any discretion in the
City of Miami Beach regarding the priority of any with-
drawal or transfer of any such stocks, bonds, notes,
other evidences of indebtedness or funds."
0. That that portion of Section 7 of Chapter 23414, Laws of Florida,
Acts of 1945, as amended, and the same being Section 126 of the "Code
of the City of Miami Beach, Florida" , and being a part of the Charter of
the City of Miami Beach, reading as follows:
" (A) The Board shall, upon application, retire members
meeting any one of the following requirements:
1. The completion of Twenty (20) years of creditable
service.
is hereby amended to read as follows:
"(A) The Board shall, upon application, retire members
meeting any one of the following requirements:
1. The completion of Twenty (20) years of creditable
service, or the completion of fifteen (15) years of
creditable service in the event of applicability of
Section 7 1/2C hereof."
P. That Section 7 1/2 of Chapter 23414, Laws of Florida, Acts of
1945, being part of the Charter of the City of Miami Beach, is amended
by adding a new paragraph thereto to be numbered and to read as follows:
"7 1/2C. At such time as the investment return on
the funds of the system reaches a level at which the
Pension Board may adopt an interest rate of such
amount that the contribution required of the City,
computed on the basis of such interest rate, will
meet the liability incurred to provide the benefits
of this Section 7 1/2C and will not be in excess
of the contribution paid by the City at the end of
the fiscal year of the City immediately prior to the
determination of such interest rate and a certified
actuarial evaluation by the actuary appointed by the
Board to this effect is presented by the Board of
Trustees to the City Manager, then the provisions
of this Section shall become effective and those
members who, pursuant to Subsection 6 of
Section 2 hereof, make their election prior to
- 12 -
•
October 1, 1966, to increase their rate of contribution to
six (6%) per cent, and those employees who become
members after October 1, 1966, shall be entitled to receive,
upon retirement and the completion of a minimum of twenty
(20)Years creditable service,and not before age fifty (50)
years, a monthly pension payable for life at the following
rates:
(a) Two and one-half (2 1/2%) per cent
of the average monthly salary or wages of
the member per month for each year of the
first twenty (20) years of creditable service;
plus
(b) Two (2%) per cent of the average
monthly salary or wages of the member
per month for each year of the next suc-
ceeding five (5) years of creditable ser-
vice, being computed as to a part of a
year on a pro rata basis to the nearest
month; plus
(c) One and one-half (1 1/2%) per cent
of the average monthly salary or wages of
the member per month for each of the next
succeeding years thereafter of creditable
service, being computed as to a part of
a year on a pro rata basis to the nearest month.
In the event members and employees who shall become
members as hereinbefore described complete less than twenty
(20) years creditable service, but at least fifteen (15) years
of creditable service, then such members shall be entitled
to receive upon retirement, but not before age fifty (50)
years, a monthly pension for life at the rate of two (2%)
per cent of the average monthly salary or wages of the
member per month for each year of creditable service, being
computed as to a part of a year on a prorata basis to the
nearest month.
For purposes hereof, the average monthly salary or wage
of the memer shall be computed upon the salary or wage upon
which the member's contribution to the fund was computed for
the five (5) year period immediately prior to the date of re-
tirement.
The benefits provided herein shall not in any event be
less than those benefits provided in Sections 7 1/2A and 7 1/2B
hereof. The minimum pension for a member retiring under Sec-
tion 7 (A) 3 for permanent and total disability, shall be seventy-
five (75%) per cent of the salary or wages of the member at the
time of disability retirement.
- 13 -
The service retirement benefits pro-
vided under Subsection C of this section,
shall be payable to all eligible persons
retiring after the benefits herein become
effective.
Q.That paragraph 1 of Subsection B of Section 9 3/4 of
Chapter 23414, Laws of Florida, Acts of 1945, being part of the
Charter of the City of Miami Beach, reading as follows:
" 1 . To the widow, if she shall have been
married to the deceased member for ten
(10) or more years, the amount of pension
to which the deceased member was entitled
or receiving at date of death, or the sum
of One Hundred Twenty Dollars ($120.00),
whichever is greater, for the first twelve
(12) months, and thereafter fifty per cent
(50%) of such pension, or sixty ($60.00)
Dollars per month, whichever is greater,
until remarriage or death. If she shall
have been married less than ten (10) years,
the above benefits shall be payable until
remarriage or death, but in no case longer
✓ than for the period of normal life expect-
ancy of the deceased member at the time of
his death."
is hereby amended to read as follows:
" 1 . To the widow, if she shall have been
married to the deceased member for ten
(10) or more years, the amount of pension
to which the deceased member would have
been entitled or would have received at date
of death computed on the basis of the pension
provided in Section 7 1/2B hereof, or the sum
of One Hundred Twenty Dollars ($120.00),
whichever is greater, for the first twelve (12)
months, and thereafter fifty per cent (50%)
of such pension, or Sixty ($60.00) Dollars
per month, whichever is greater, until re-
marriage or death. If she shall have been
married less than ten (10) years, the above
benefits shall be payable until remarriage or
death, but in no case longer than for the
period of normal life expectancy of the
deceased member at the time of his death."
R. That Section 2 of Chapter 18691, Laws of Florida,
Special Acts of 1937, as amended, the same being a part of the
Charter of the City of Miami Beach, Florida, be and the same is
hereby amended by adding at the end thereof the following:
- 14 -
"The city council is authorized, by
ordinance, to increase the pension
benefits to members of the City Pen-
sion Fund for Officers and Employees
of the City of Miami Beach, providing
such increased benefits shall be de-
frayed solely from funds accruing as
the result of permissible increased
types of investments and a thirty
(30) year funding policy. "
PASSED and ADOPTED this 22 day of April , 1966.
/".../
, /
/
41
Mayor r�
Attest:
City Cle
- 15 -
OFFICE OF CITY ATTORNEY - 1130 WASHINGTON AVENUE - MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA 33139
CO N � 00
h
ci W W U U
Z 1-- °3 J
Z W O >O W W
QI- arm
Cr)
J pZp _j
O uW) E � > N
w d Z E ct Q
OWCQ