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Book 1 MODIFICATIONS TO THE 1994 AMENDMENTS TO THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH YEAR 2000 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN PART I: DATA AND ANALYSIS and PART II: GOALS, OBJECTIVES and POLICIES This document contains proposed changes to the 1994 Amendments in response to the State of Florida, Department of Community Affairs (DCA) Notice ofIntent. Changes are shown in Strike through and Underscore. The proposed changes were prepared by the City's planners based on discussions with the DCA staff. They constitute the remedial actions needed for compliance identified as Exhibit B in the Compliance Agreement between the Petitioner and the Respondent in DOAH CASE NO.: 94-4509GM. July, 1996 Prepared by Robert K. Swarthout, Incorporated Miami Beach Planning, Design and Historic Preservation Division Dean Grandin, Director MODIFICATIONS TO THE 1994 AMENDMENTS TO THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH YEAR 2000 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN PART I: DATA AND ANALYSIS This document contains proposed changes to the 1994 Amendments in response to the State of Florida, Department of Community Affairs (DCA) Notice oflntent. Changes are shown in Strike through and Underscore. The proposed changes were prepared by the City's planners based on discussions with the DCA staff. They constitute a portion of the remedial actions needed for compliance identified as Exhibit B in the Compliance Agreement between the Petitioner and the Respondent in DOAR CASE NO.: 94-4509GM. July, 1996 Prepared by Robert K. Swarthout, Incorporated Miami Beach Planning, Design and Historic Preservation Division Dean Grandin, Director CITY OF MIAMI BEACH COMMISSIONERS Mayor Seymour Gelber Commissioner Sy Eisenberg Commissioner Susan Gottlieb Commissioner Neisen Kasdin Commissioner Nancy Liebman Commissioner David Pearlson Commissioner Martin Shapiro CITY OF MIAMI BEACH LOCAL PLANNING AGENCY Joy Alschuler, Chairperson Roberto Datorre Diana Grub Keith Kovens Clark Reynolds Craig Robins Todd Tragash CONTENTS Page I. FUTlJRE LAND USE EI..EMENT ..................................................................................... 1-1 EXISTING I..AND USE INVENTORY .....................................................................................- 1-2 Waterbodies ........................................ ................ ................. ................. ........................ ............... 1-2 Floodplains. ..... ........ .... .... ............ ............. ...... ..... ............ ........ .......... ......... ..... .... ...... .......... ....... - 1-2 Minerals and Soils.................. ...................... ..... ................... ........................ ................ .~............. 1-2 POPu:LATI ON ....................................................... ..................................................... ................. 1-8 1987 Projections.... ...... ................................ .......................... ............ ......................................... - 1-8 The Unique Dynamics. ................................ ........................... ............. ..... ........................ .........- 1-8 Assumptions ..... .................................................. .................. ....... ..................................... ........... 1-8 The Projections.......................... ................... ..................... ............... .............. ............................. 1-9 County Projections .... ...................... .................... ................ .................... ................ ........ .......... - 1-9 Seasonal Population................................... ......... .................... ................................................ - 1-10 LAND USE ANALYSIS ........ .......................................... .............................. .................... ........ 1-10 Facilities and Services......................................................... ..................... ................................. 1-10 Vacant Land .............................. ......................................... .............. .................. ....................... 1-11 Land Needed for Projected Population..................................................................................... 1-11 Redevelopment ............... ....... .............................................. ............ .............. .......................... - 1-11 Incompatible Land Uses ................................................... ..... ...... .... ........ ................................. 1-11 Flood Prone Areas .......... ............. ................. ................ ......... ..... ...... ......................................... 1-13 THE VISIONING PROCESS AND FUTURE LAND USE ANALYSIS .................................1-13 The Visioning Process........................................... .......... ............ ......................... ..................... 1-13 The Future Land Use Map Analysis ........................................................................................ 1-13 ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED FUTURE LAND USE MAP CHANGES................................... 1-15 Availability of and the Demand on Public Facilities Resultin~ .............................................. 1-15 Information on the Compatibilitv of Proposed Future Land Use Map .................................. 1-15 DfJRsity Mid lBteftSity Pr6J36sed FltttH'e LaRd Use Mal' i\meRemts ..................................1-16 Impact of 1-94 Future Land Use Map Chanies on Residential Density and......................... 1-18 Impact of 1-94 Future Land Use Map Chanies on.................................................................. 1-19 Impact of 1-94 Future Land Use Mall Chan~es on.................................................................. 1-20 Impact of 1-94 Future Land Use Map Chan~es on.................................................................. 1-20 Impact of 1-94 Future Land Use Map Chanies on.................................................................. 1-22 II. TRAFFIC CmCUl.ATION EI...El\IENT .......................................................................- 11-1 EXISTING SYSTEM...................................... ......................................................................... - 11-2 Traffic Circulation Map Series ........................ ...... ............. ......... ............................................. 11-2 Other Transportation Facilities ............................................................................................. - 11-2 ANALySiS................................................................................................................................. 11-2 Level of Service Definitions ................ ............ ...... ............ ...... .............................. ...... ...... ........ 11-2 Existing Volumes and Level of Service .................................................................................... 11-3 Accident Data ............ ........................................................................................... ..................... 11-3 Projected Volumes and Level of Service ................................................................................- 11-3 m. MA.SS TRANSIT ELEl\IENT ....._..............____..._..._................_..........__.......__ m-l INVENTORy............................................................................................................................ III - 2 Metrobus Routes....................................................................................................................... III - 2 ANALySIS............................................................................................................ .................. - 111-4 Service Frequency .................................................................................................................... 111-4 Ridership................................................................................................................................. _ In-4 Revenues............................................................................................................................... .. _ III - 7 Generators and Attractors.... ...... ............ ............ ....... ........ ........................... ............ ....... ........ 111-7 i Auto Ownership........ ...... .................... .... ......................... ........... ...... ................. ........ ............._ m-7 Population Characteristics .......... ...... .................. ............ .................. ...... ............. ................. _ III-7 County and State Plans ........ ...............................................................................................~... IIT-7 County Level of Service............ .............. ..... ....... ................. ................... ............................... ...IIT-7 IV. PORTS AND A'VIATlON EI..El\IENT ........................................................................ IV-I PORTS ........................ .............. ............... ........... ............................ ....... ............... .................... IV -2 Sun Terminal on MacArthur Causeway ................................................................................. IV-2 The Port of Miami ...... ................... ...................... ................... .... ...... .................. ........ .............. IV - 2 .AIRPORTS ................. ..... ......................... ..... ........................................... ..... ..... ...................... IV - 2 v. BOUSIN"G EI..E:MENT .....__............._................_............_.................................... V-I HOUSIN'G INVENTORy............................................................................................ ............ _ V - 2 Housing Stock Characteristics.................................... ...................................... ........................ V - 2 Financial Characteristics.. ............................................... ............................ ............................. V-5 Housing Conditions..... ............................. ........................ ........................................................ V-6 Subsidized Rental Housing............ .... ......................... .......... ...... ......... ..................................... V-6 Group Homes.......................................... ................................................ .... .......... ..................... V - 7 Mobile Homes............ ............................................................ .........,........................................ _ V-8 Ifistorically Significant Housing .............. ...... ............ ...........:.................................... ............. V-I0 Housing Construction Activity ............ ............ ...... ..... ..........................................................._ V-II HOUSIN'G ANALYSIS .............................. ........ ............ ....................................... ....... ...... ....... V-12 Household Projections and Needs Assessment....................................................................... V-12 Private Sector Role.................................. ................................................ ................................. V -15 Housing Program Implementation..................... ................. ........ ............................................ V -16 Methodology for Housing Need Projections (Table V-13) ......................................................V-18 'VI. INFRA.STR,UCTlJRE EIEl\IENT ..................__........................................................._ 'VI. I I. SEWAGE................................................................................................ ............................. _ VI-2 Existing Facilities.. ........ ........ .... ........................................................ ........ ............................... VI - 2 Future Needs.................. .................... .............................................. ...................................... _ VI - 2 II. POTABLE WATER.................................... .................. .......... ............................. ......... ...... _ VI-3 Existing Facilities........................................ ..................... ......................... ............................... VI-3 III. SOLID WASTE.......... .................. ...... .................... ............................ ........................ ........ VI-4 Existing Facilities.............. ........... .............................................................. .............................. VI-4 Future Needs .......................................................................................... .............. .................... VI-4 IV. DRAINAGE ........... ............. __.. .__........... __................__.......................................................... VI-5 Existing Facilities..................................................................................................................... VI-5 Future Needs ...... ....... ................................................................................ ............................. _ VI-5 VU. CONSERVATION AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT ._.................................... VU-l INVENTORy............ .............. .............................................. ................................................. _ VII - 2 Water Resources.............:...................................................................................................... _ VII - 2 Soils........................ .... .......................................................... .................................................... VII - 2 Wildlife................................... .................................................................................................. VII - 2 Endangered Species ........... ......................................................... ............................................ VII - 2 Vegetative Cover.................................................................................................................... _ VII - 2 Minerals ................................................................................................................................. _ VII-4 Air Quality............................................................................................................................. _ VII-4 Floodplains............................................................................................................................. _ VII-4 CONSERVATION ANALYSIS ............ ............ .................. ....................... ....... ................. ...._ VII-6 Biscayne Bay............................................................................................................................ VII-6 Other Conservation Issues..................................................... ................................................. VII-6 Water Needs ........ .... ................ ........ .......... ........ ........ .......... ...... ...... ............. ....... ......... ........ ... VII-6 11 BISCAYNE BAY POLLtJTION ... ............................ ..... ...... ........ ............. ............... ........... ..... VII-6 Water Quality .......... ......... ..... ................ ............ ............... ....... .......... ...... ............ ............. .....- VII-6 Storm Water Outfall Mitigation................... ...... ....... ....... ........ ..... .......... .............. ..... ............ VII-7 Land Use and Infrastructure Implications ............................................................................VII-7 Regulatory Programs ............ ....... ............. .................. ................ ..................... ...................... VII-7 COASTA:L ZONE MANAGEMENT................ ........ ............................ ............... ................. _ VII -10 Existing Land Use...... ........... ............................. ............... ......... ......... ............... ........ .......... VII -10 Water-Dependent and Water. Related Uses ............................................ ........................ .... VII-I0 Public Access...... ....... ............ ......................................... ...... .................... ;.....................;..... _ VII -10 Economic Base and Historic Resources........................ ............ ............................................ VII-I0 Infrastructure ........................ ...... ............ ...... ......... .... ..... .................... ..... ........... ....... ........... VII -10 Redevelopment....... ............................. .............. .......................... .......... .............................. _ VII -13 Coastal High Hazard Area........................................................... ........... ......... ................ .... VII -13 Beach and Dune Systems ........................ .................................................. .......................... VII -13 HURRICANE PLANNIN"G ................ ..................................................... ......... ..................... VII -13 Sources of Hurricane Evacuation Analysis .......................................................................... VII -13 Evacuation Status ............................................................................... ................................. VII -13 Hurricane Shelters....... ..................................................................... ............ ........................ VII -14 Number Requiring Evacuation.......................................... ....... ..... ...... ................................. VII -14 Evacuation Routes.... ......................... ............................. ................. ....... ........................ ....._ VII -14 Evacuation Times...................................... ....... ............ ..... ............ ........ ...... ......................... VII -15 Special Needs Population ........................................ ........................................ ............... ..... VII -15 City Residential Density Policy......................... ........ ............... ........................................... VII -16 Post Disaster Redevelopment ...... .............................. .................. ...... ................................. _ VII. 16 APPENDIX A:. FISH AND SHELLFISH SPECIES ........................................................... VII-17 APPENDIX B: BIRDS OF BISCAYNE BAY AND THE SURROUNDING AREA .......... VII-20 APPENDIX C: ENDANGERED, THREATENED, RARE AND WILDLIFE ....................VII-25 VIn. RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE EI..El\IENT....._._.___......._._.............._ VIn-l INVENTORy........................................................... ..................... ...... ................................... VIII - 2 ANALySIS.......... .......................................................................... ...................................... VIII -12 Existing Level of Service.................. .................................................. ................................ VIII -12 Adequacy of Existing Facilities ...... .......................................... .............................. ........ .... VIII-13 Future Needs........................... ........................... ............................. ................................... VIII -13 IX. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION EI..EMENT .._._......._...................lX-l INVENTORy........ .......... ............................................................. ................ ................... ........_ IX -2 ANALySIS................ ..................................................... ............................ ............................._ IX-2 Future Land Use Element ................ ............ ............ ......... ...................................................... IX-3 Traffic Circulation Element.......................................................... ........................................... IX-4 Mass Transit Element .............................................................................................................. IX-5 Housing Element.. ......... ............................................................... ....... ................................... _ IX-5 Sanitary Sewer, Solid Waste, Drainage, Potable Water, and................................................ IX-7 Conservation/Coastal Zone Element .... ...... ........................ ...... ............................................. _ IX-8 Recreation and Open Space Element ...................................................................................._ IX-9 Historic Preservation Element ............... ............... ................. ...................... ........................ _ IX-I 0 x. . C.APITAL Il\IPROVEl\IENT ELEl\IENT ...._...._........._......................_...................... X-I INTRODUCTION .. .................................... ....... ............... ........ ...... ......... ... .............. ....... ... ........ X-2 DATA INVENTORy................ .......... .............. ....... ........... ...... .................. ..................... ......... ... X-2 Public Facility Needs ............. ........... ...... ........ .... ....... ....................... ............ ...... ...... ............... _ X-2 Educational and Public Health Facilities ........ ......... ......................... ........................... ............ X-2 Existing Revenue Sources and Funding Mechanisms..............................................................X-2 ANALYSIS ....... ....................... .......... ...... ............. ..... ....... ..... ..... ......................... ............. ....... .... X-7 Current Public Facility Planning Practice........ ........ .......... ..... ......................... ............. ........... X-7 III FISCAL IMPLICATIONS OF FACILITY NEEDS AND LAND USE PLAN..........................X-8 PUBUC HEALTH AND EDUCATION PLANS.......... ........ ............... ..... .... ............................. X-8 TIMING AND LOCATION OF CAPITAL PROJECTS ............................................................X-8 FIN'ANCIAL PROJECTIONS............ ...... .............. ................. ......................................... ........ _ X-8 XI. HISTORIC PRESERVATION ELEMENT..............................................................._ XI-I I. INTRODUCTION.. ...................... ............... ............... ............ .................... ~... ............ .......... XI-2 II. NATIONAL REGISTER ARCHITECTURAL DISTRICT ................................................ XI-2 ill. MIAMI BEACH mSTORIC PRESERVATION ORDINANCE ...................................._ XI-3 Designated Local Historic Districts.. .............. ....... ....... .......... ...... ............ .......................... ..... XI-4 Designated Local Historic Sites...... .............................. ........... ....... ....... ..... ..........................._ XI-6 Potential Local Sites and Districts .. ....................................... ................. .... ..... ......... .............. XI-6 IV. SITES OF PUBLIC INTEREST ....................................................................................._ XI-7 V. ANALYSIS .......................................... ...... ............ ...................................................... ......_ XI-7 LIST of TABLES Page Table 1-1: Existing Land Use by Neighborhood, 1987..............................................................1-7 Table 1-2: Population Projections.......................................................... ...................... ............. _ 1-9 Table 1-3: Seasonal Population ...................................................... ........................................_ 1-10 Table 1-4: Densities and Intensities of 1-94 Future Land Use Map Chan2'es if ................._ 1-23 Table 1-5: Densities and Intensities of 1-94 Future Land Use Map Chan2'es if ................._ 1-24 Table II-I: Existing Traffic Volumes and Level of Service..................................................... II-4 Table II-2: Highest Accident Intersections, 1991-1992.......................................................... II-5 Table II-3: Projected Traffic Volumes and Level of Service ................................................... II-S Table ill-I: Transit Routes Serving Miami Beach - 1992..................................................... III-5 Table V-I: Housing Unit Count, 1990..................................................................................... V-2 Table V-2: Type of Housing Units, 1990 ................................................................................. V-3 Table V-3: Age of Housing Stock, 1990........................ ............................................................ V-3 Table V-4: Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units ..........................................................._ V-4 Table V-5: Financial Characteristics of Households in Owner-Occupied Units ................._ V-5 Table V-6: Financial Characteristics of Households in Renter-Occupied Housing, 1990.... V-6 Table V-7: Group Homes and ACLFs...................................................................................._ V-7 Table V-8: Subsidized Rental Housing Inventory City of Miami Beach, 1992..............______. V-8 Table V-9: Housing Stock Changes Since 1990..................................................................._ V-ll Table V-I0: Household Projections...................... .... ................................ ............................... V -12 Table V-II: Household Size Projections ...... ...... ....... ............................................... ............... V-13 Table V-12: Household Projections by Income Category.......................................................V-14 Table V-13: Anticipated Housing Needs ................................................................................ V-15 Table A: Household by Income Category ............................................................................... V-18 Table B: Extrapolation of Value of Owner-Occupied Units from Census .........................._ V-19 Table C: Housing Affordability by Income Group.................................................................. V-19 Table VII-I: Air Quality Trends ..... ................. ......... __ ....................... ...... ............................_ VII-4 Table VII-2: Water Need Projections .............. .......... ............................................................ VII-6 Table VII-3: Hurricane Evacuation Need ........................................................................... VII-14 Table VII-4: Facilities With Special Evacuation Needs ..................................................... VII-16 Table VIII -1: Recreation Facilities Analysis...................... ......................... ................... ..... VIII - 2 Table X-I: Projects from the Other Elements .......................................................................... X-6 Table X-2: Revenues and Expenditure Projections ..............................................................._X-9 Table X-3: Ad Valorem Tax Projections ..............................~..................................................X-I0 Table X-4: General Obligation Bonds Outstanding ..........................................:.................... X-ll IV LIST of FIGURES Page Figure I-I Existing land use ...................... ................................................................................. 1-3 Figure 1-2: Historic Districts-SOuth........ ........ ............ .................. ..... ................ ................ ......_ 1-4 Figure 1-3: Historic Districts-North .... ......... ............... .............. .................... ......... ............... .... 1-5 Figure 1-4: Floodplains.............. .... ....... ................................. ........ ........................ ...... .............. 1-6 Figure 1-5: Community Development Locally Designated Target Areas .............................. 1-12 Figure 1-6: Proposed Future Land Use Map Changes ...........................................................1-17 Figure 1-7: Relationship Between Residential Units and Non-Residential Building........... 1-19 Figure 1-8: State and City Owned Sites that will be Sold Pursuant to Implementation of Future Land Use Map Changes Numbers 14, 16a and 16b................................................... 1-25 Figure II-I: :EIighway Jurisdiction ........ ............................................................................. ...._ 11-6 Figure II-2: Roadway Functional Classifications ................................................................... II-7 Figure II-3: Number of Roadway Lanes................................................................................_ II-8 Figure III-I: Existing Mass Transit Map.............................................................................. ill-3 Figure IV-I: Existing and Future Ports & Aviation.............................................................. IV-3 Figure VII-I: Seagrass of Biscayne Bay and Miami Beach..................................................VII-3 Figure VII-2: Miami Beach Floodplains ................................................................................ VII-5 Figure VII-3A: Storm Water Outfalls .................................................................................. VII-8 Figure VII-3B: Storm Water Outfalls .................................................................................. VII-9 Figure VII-4: Water-Related Uses ...................................................................................... VII -11 Figure VII-5: Public Access Points ...................................................................................._ VII -12 Figure VIII-I: Existing Recreation and Open Space.......................................................... VIII-3 Figure X-I: Elementary School District Boundaries ............................................................... X-3 Figure X-2: Junior :EIigh School District Boundaries ..............................................................X-4 Figure X-3: Senior :EIigh School District Boundaries...............................................................X-5 v I. FUTURE LAND USE ELEMENT EXISTING LAND USE INVENTORY Table 1-1 shows the existing land use acreage by land use category and by neighborhood. Based on the City's knowledge of the permitting process this pattern has changed very little since the 1987 survey and therefore a new survey is not justified. With almost 99 percent of the land developed and no significant redevelopment occurring, the potential for land use shifts is minimal. Instead, reinvestment in the same land use is the pattern. The single-family density category ranges from 1 to 7 dwelling units per acre. The multifamily ranges from 14 to 125 units per acre. The existing land use map series includes: . . .. . Figure 1-1 Figure 1-2 Figure 1-3 Figure 1-4 Existing Land Use Historic Districts (South) Historic Districts (North) Floodplains Waterbodies Figure I-I also shows the beach, Biscayne Bay estuary and the canal or waterway system. Government Cut, access to the harbor or Port of Miami, is found on Figure 1-1. There are no wetlands or lakes on the upland portion of the island. The City is not in a designated "area of critical State concern." Floodplains Figure 1-4 (Floodplains) shows the V zones or high hazard areas. Otherwise, the entire City is in the 100 year floodplain. Minerals and Soils The entire island consists of fill (shell and muck) together with sand. 1-2 5}\ :';1 ::1 /, (/ iir //, /V ; IiI i , . :!I c;'Jl ;I LOCAL HISTORIC DISTRICTS /':~ :..:}\ Flamingo Neighborhood /1 Q<X(SC Ocean Drlve/Conlns A ve~/ j, " t I w w "'u. <-' w< cr:I: <:I: "'.... -cr :I: 0 ....z cr o ... ~~- NA TIONAL tflSTORIC DISTRICT ! ! ! C') Ol Ol -- t 1 z Q ~ > o z o ~ <( > a: w CJ) w a: a.. o ~ o ~ ~ ::z: ci5 z Q CJ) w o " z Z z <( ..J a.. ~ CD o w a: <( a.. w a:. a.. Figure 1-2 MIAMI BEACH HISTORIC DISTRICTS / j I I J I J f ... ~ .. NORTH HALF CO) OJ OJ ~ Z 0 u; :; 0 z Q ~ <( > a: w CI) w a: ll. 0 : ~ 0 ~ ... CI) ~ I z 0l1l c - Z ~ c " u; w UJ t 0 UJ '" Iii " <.... Z UJ...J Z 0:< Z < :r N <( '" :r -J - .... I ll. :r ::> >- .... 0 CO 0: '" 0 0 .... w a: <( ll. W a: ll. .. . ;r .. ~ ... .. ... .. .. <<,,"..-:.:-" Figure 1-3 MIAMI BEACH HISTORIC DISTRICTS Figure 1-4 ~,IAMI BEAC'H : -OODPLAINS ~ AREAS OF ~ HIGH HAZARD T : REMAINDER OF CITY CLASSIFIED ZONE AE INUNDATED BY 100 YEAR FLOOD, BASE FLOOD ELEVATIONS OST ERMINED IACi:: F.E.M.A.. FLOOD INSURANC~ RATE MAPS. 1987 6 N \ \ ZONE V 21- r-- . E JULIA TuTTL r- I I / I J / / --- '. Z 4: UJ o o >- <: CD UJ Z :>- 4: o en iD o i= z <: -J I- <: 18 ~r'")""':""'I... ,....,.......... ,-." ...... . ........._ --............ .. ...----.- ------ too c:c = " -c o o -= .. o ~ -'l u - G Z >. ~ i ~ "C c= ~ ....u ":'c= G: 2.! CIl M t-~ Gl.a ~.5 ell 0 uQ.. III ~ .;::. III ~ f o 0 z';::' 00 . .a I: I: ell 0 Bet: o . Gl >.'" ell 0 !:Q..c III .a Gl III ::I Gl I: a: Gl .( ~.! ::s I: 0'- en 0 Q.. 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(,Q CQao CO c.i cCc.; c:-1 co o~ c:-1 . c:-1'" CO ~ ...;..; (7) " c:r:i 10 .... C':l C':l o Cl) C':l C':l . ...i (,Q c:-1 C':l CQ cC CQ . 10 Cl) ~ C':l C"l t- Cl) ...;. 10 eq o CO r..: o .... c:-1 . ...i eq 10 eq C':l .0 10 ... s o E-4 ~ Gl Z C >. o CIS i~ t'O Gl~ 1Il..c C tlI oii &':: C e C " c:r:i CO (7) .... >. "3 ~ '3 ~ ... I: I ell Cl. G) ~ tlI I: 'S ~ ~ tlI .S i s: -5 as G) ~ .! :i G) -S ~ "0 f as Cl. Gl ct 1-7 POPULATION 1987 Projections The 1989 Comprehensive Plan used the Metro-Dade County Planning Department projections (including subarea projections) as the basis for the City projections. The results of the 1990 U.S. Census revealed that the population and housing dynamics of Miami Beach were so unique and in such transition that this did not prove to be a reliable method. For example, rather than a 3,640 person 1980-1987 population increase, there was actually a 3,657 person (3.4 percent) decrease. The Unique Dynamics Among the factors that set Miami Beach apart from most other South Florida cities are the following; these are primarily gleaned from the 1990 U.S. Census data: · An unusually high vacancy rate, 15.4 percent in the case of rental units and this does not include seasonal units. The recently lifted South Pointe moratorium plus the elderly out-migration are presumably partial causes. · A net decline in the total number of housing units as well as households, i.e. vacancy rates are not the only reason for the decline. · Demolition plus consolidation of several small units into one larger unit are outpacing new construction plus conversion of hotels into condos. · In the face of these downward pressures on total population is the upward swing in the average household size, i.e. families are replacing elderly single-person households. There were almost 16,000 fewer people 65 and over in 1990 compared to 1980. · The U.S. Census data also documents the dichotomy of the economic characteristics of the residents. The prgspect of continued housing revitalization is bolstered by the fact that there were some 10,000 more employed residents in 1990 compared to 1980, half of the increase was in the professional- administrative-technician category. Both median household income and median rent doubled in the 10 year period. On the other hand, the number of persons living below the poverty level increased by some 6,000. Most dramatically, one- fourth of the households in the corridor between 3rd and 10th Streets had incomes ofless than $5,000. The complex migration patterns and socio-economic changes in Miami Beach during the past 10 to 20 years have been outlined in many other documents. Fey eX8mf.lle, see the last twe taBles i:B tfte ~aehea A~~eBdi:x. The above are symptoms of these socia-economic patterns. Assumptions The population projections are based upon the following assumptions: 1. Household Size: The average will gradually increase as families continue to move into the City. However, 10 years hence the average (1.93) will still be far below most South Florida cities. For example, Miami and Miami Shores are now both about 2.6 persons per household. This is because young singles (both service workers and professionals) are increasingly attracted to Miami Beach, in addition to families. 1-8 2. Housing Units: The total number of housing units will not increase, i.e. demolition and consolidation will continue to off-set new construction and commercial to residential conversion. There simply is not enough vacant land for significant new construction (73 acres in 1986) and the existing high density development pattern means any demolition takes a high toll of units. 3. Vacant Units: As the revitalization process continues, an increasing number of vacant units will either be occupied, demolished or consolidated into larger units. This will result in a net increase of about 100 households per year. This increase would be even greater except it is assumed that the number of seasonal housing units (as opposed to hotel units) will continue to moderately increase (the 1980- 1990 increase was 785). These assumptions are based in part upon the 1990 U.S. Census data but also upon in-depth interviews with a number of community leaders including many that are involved in the local development process. The Projections The population and housing projection contained in the table below is based upon the foregoing assumptions. The 1992 estimate is in keeping with the University of Florida Bureau of Economic and Business Research figure for 1991-92,939. It reflects a modestly increasing population primarily due to a gradual 20 year return to the 1980 vacancy rate (12.2 percent). Miami Beach will always have a higher vacancy than most cities due to the preponderance of small rental units; as shown in the Housine- Element f"p:Pefitftx, 77 percent of the housing stock are one bedroom or efficiency units. Table 1.2: Population Projections 1980 1990 1992 1997 2002 Population 96,296 92,639 94,065 96,500 98,965 In households 95,029 91,203 92,565 95,000 97,465 In group quarters 1,276 1,436 1,500 1,500 1,500 Households 55,685 49,305 49,500 50,000 50,500 Population per household 1.71 1.85 1.87 1.90 1.93 Housing units 66,825 62,413 62,400 62,400 62,400 Seasonal units 3,419 4,204 4,400 4,900 5,400 Non-seasonal vacancy rate 12.2% 15.2% 14.6% 13.0% 12.3% Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Robert K Swarthout, Incorporated County Projections The Metro-Dade County Planning Department projected the City's population in March of 1992. The results were a slower growth rate than shown above. Their technique was a "logistic curve" which involves a subjectively drawn interpolation from the 1990 population to their calculation of the capacity of the existing housing stock which they calculate to be about 103,000 (this is an approximation after subtracting Surf Side and North Bay Village). This capacity figure seems low since full occupancy of the City's 58,206 year round units would yield a population of almost 109,000 at today's average household size. The zoning now in place would allow an even higher population. Metro-Dade technique does not reflect the high J-9 vacancy rate or other unique details of Miami Beach. The CQunty.projection for 2005 is 94,183 as opposed to 98,965 shown for 2002 in the Table 1-2 above. Seasonal Population Although the number of hotels and hotel rooms has decreased somewhat since 1987 (now 22,000 rooms in 234 hotels) there is no reason to change the 1987 peak seasonal population estimates and projections since the tourist and "snow bird" market remains strong with the summer tourist numbers increasing. The County has not updated their 1987 estimate. Table 1-3: Seasonal Population 1990 1992 1997 2002 Permanent Population (1) 92,639 94,065 96,500 98,965 Seasonal Population(2) 55,000 58,000 65,000 70,000 Total Population 147,639 152,065 161,500 168,965 Sources: (1) See Table 1-2 (2) Robert K Swarthout, Incorporated based on Metro-Dade County Planning Department estimates; includes hotel guests, non-resident households, and people staying with family/friends. LAND USE ANALYSIS Facilities and Services Since the City is almost 99 percent developed, the infrastructure system of streets, water lines, sewer lines and drainage facilities are in place to serve the entire island. As indicated in the Traffic and Infrastructure Elements, the problems are primarily that of age rather than capacity or coverage. The one exception is Arterial streets where capacity is a problem but there is no room to widen these streets. See the Infrastructure Element relative to the mitigation plans for the drainage outfalls into the estuary, the other infrastructure problem area. 1-10 Vacant Land The 73 acres of vacant land in the City falls into four primary categories: · The scattered sites in the South Pointe Redevelo'pment Area, many of which are City-owned redevelopment parcels. · The Purdy Avenue frontage on the Bay. . Some vacant land between the Intracoastal Waterway and Pine Tree Drive. . A series of tracts along Collins Avenue near the northern City line. The characteristics of these cleared sites are as follows. Soils: All are filled land. Topography: All are at or close to the 4 feet above sea level average for the City; none are in high hazard coastal V zones. Natural Resources: None. Histonc Resources: None of the four principal areas are located in historic districts. There is almost no vacant land in the National Register District. Land Needed for Projected Population Due to the high vacancy rate, no additional land is needed to accommodate the projected population. Some of the vacant lots in the South Pointe Redevelopment Area are slated for townhouse development, an important part of the City's housing strategy but not necessary quantitatively. Redevelopment Figure 1-5 shows Community Development Block Grant target areas which to a large extent indicate where the "blighted" areas are located. The most substandard area is the area now known as the South Pointe Redevelopment Area. which is designated the Se1:tth PeiBte, wltieh Jll'emptea its aesigtlatien as a Chapter 163 FS redevelopment area. Otherwise, the areas are characterized by scattered deterioration, mostly residential. The reinvestment in the Flamingo area and the South Beach commercial corridor is gradually eliminating substandard conditions but a similar pattern of blight is becoming evident in the 71st Street- Tatum Waterway area. Incompatible Land Uses Two principal areas of land use incompatibility exist: . South Pointe Redevelopment Area: Where the redevelopment process has still not eliminated or buffered all of the warehouse, light industrial and night club uses adjacent to housing. . Purdy Avenue: Where a mix of industrial, heavy commercial and vacant land provides a problem gateway to the City and to the Sunset Island area. 1-11 r' 'VJ ::Il_ "')> :J ::Il- "'llII 0", Ill)> -en 'V% ~ Z z !i! P c '" en i5 z )> z C :J: iii -l o ::Il ('; "0 ::Il '" en '" ::Il < )> -l <5 z c < iii <5 z ,'~ ~I .... CO CO W ." ii c it T III cn TAnr.rT AnEAS Flood Prone Areas A limited lineal frontage on four islands is in the coastal high hazard area V zone. Otherwise, the developed area of the City is in the 100 year floodplain. The principal implication for redevelopment (or use of the limited vacant land) is that first floor elevations must be 9 to 11 feet above sea level which means 5 to 7 feet above the prevailing grade. THE VISIONING PROCESS AND FUTURE LAND USE ANALYSIS The Visioning Process In addition to the traditional public participation procedures, the 1993 plan revision process was launched by a mini-visioning process which involved in-depth, one-on-one interviews with over 40 community leaders. The objective was to determine what these individuals wanted the future Miami Beach to be. The results of this process are contained in a 1992 supplement to this plan document titled "Community Visions Goal, Objective and Policy Options Report." Distilling out the most commonly mentioned basic development policy concerns, the following list would seem to paint this group's vision for Miami Beach's future: · The City should be both a residential community and a tourist/entertainment mecca; where these two interface must be more carefully planned-particularly parking. · Retention and attraction of middle income families is important, and townhouses, better schools and better parks are key requirements. · The City's program of development incentives should concentrate on: South PointelSouth BeachlFlamingo . The City Center/Historic Convention Villa~e Redevelo,pment AreaLifieem. Reatilesft'";eatieB. hetd Mea North Beach · Well maintained, litter-free streets and sidewalks are imperative for revitalization. · A consistency of zoning policy and administration is imperative for revitalization. The Future Land Use Map Analysis Although a number of land use, urban design, community development and public facility issues are addressed in the visions report, the principal subject contained therein are "down planning" and related "down zoning" issues. This analysis in turn forms the basis for a series a Future Land Use Plan map changes contained in Part II of this plan document. Most of the changes are from Mixed Use Entertainment (MUE) to Multifamily, Low Intensity residential (RM-2) and from RM-2 to Residential Single Family (RM-1). The following outlines the land use and urban design analysis that formed the basis for the proposed map changes: During the early fall of 1992 Robert K Swarthout, Incorporated developed the series of residential type, density and juxtaposition objective and policy options. The process of developing the options included the following work: 1-13 · A field survey of all portions of Miami Beach. The survey was conducted in automobiles and on foot. Observations were recorded in field notes and photographs. Senior planning professionals and architects discussed observations on site and in the firm's offices. Field observations were supplemented with a study of 1991 300 scale aerial photographs obtained from TRW-REDI. The City's 100 scale parcel/building maps were also studied. · A field survey of selected sites outside of Miami Beach. Sites were selected because of the expectation they would provide as a basis for informative comparisons with Miami Beach. · A review of City of Miami Beach planning documents. The most carefully studied documents were the City of Miami Beach Year 2000 Comprehensive Plan, dated October 1989, and the City of Miami Beach Zoning Ordinance. The firm also reviewed the City's zoning ordinance and other planning documents which have been prepared for the City over the past two decades. The firm consulted with the City planning staff about the staffs Progress Towards Goals and Objectives Report and the staff's Obstacles and Problems Report. The focus of these reports is specified in the Public Participation provisions included in the City of Miami Beach Year 2000 Comprehensive Plan. · A review of relevant professional literature. More than a score of books and articles which are part of the standard professional literature were consulted. Specific sources were selected for their relevance to Miami Beach planning issues. · The findings of community leader vision surveys described in the preceding chapter of this report. · Architectural design development analysis of a sample of existing residential structures in Miami Beach. The following are the public purposes for the map changes (see the 1992 visions document for further details): · To reduce the amount offuture traffic. · To facilitate hurricane evacuation. · To conform with Rule 9J-5, FAC hurricane hazard area mandates as presently interpreted by the Florida Department of Community Affairs. · To encourage residential reinvestment in Miami Beach. · To spread residential reinvestments over a broad area. · To ensure development with an increased access to light, air and views. · To attract more middle- and upper-income families with children. 1-14 ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED FUTURE LAND USE MAP CHANGES Availability of and the Demand on Public Facilities ResuItin., from Pronosed Map Amendments The substantial down plannine- which will be effectuated by the pro'posed land use ma,p chane-es will lessen the potential demand on public facilities and services. Thus those public facilities and services which are or will be available will be better able to meet demand. A detailed analysis of the availability of and the demand on public facilities and services is presented in the data and analvsis for the Future Land Use Element. the Traffic Circulation Element. the Infrastructure Element and the Recreation and Open Space Element. The beneficial impact of down plannine- on public facilities and services is further documented in the "Community Visions Goal. Objective and Poliey Ontions Report." Information on the Compatibilitv of Proposed Future Land Use Map Amend-ments with' .SInd Use Element Obiectives and Policies The nro1)Osed Future Land Use Map amendments are compatible with Land Use Element obiectives and policies. The net down plannine- impact of the pro.posed map chane-es are exnresslv articulated in Future Land Use Element Policy 1.4 which is pro.,posed to read as follows: Policy 1.4 The 1994 Future Land Use Map "down plannine-" chan~es which further the data and analysis findine-s and other amended policies shall be reflected in amendments to the zonine- map in the land develo.pment reeuIations. These re~ations shall also continue to contain perfonnance standards which: a. Address bufferine- and o.!)en snace requirements: b. Address historically sienificant pro1)erties meritine- protection: and c. Address auality of desien and aesthetics. 1.15 DeBsity MullBteBsity I?epesed Fu.ture Ltmd Use Map .\meBdmeBts ..\8 sft6"NB if!. the taBle Belew, pl'8I'esea ehlHlges te tfie ~e Lea Use Map tetal 292 gi"ess aet'es. Nmety pereeM ef tfiese 892 gi"ess aet'es Me prepesea te ehtmge ffoem a lea l:1.se eategery that permHs a pelatY;ely high aeftSKY eF if!.teEtSity ef aEl";ele~meM te a eategeFY tfiat permits a l'elatY.'ely lewel' aeftsity eF if!.tee.sity. OMy ft\'e pereeftt eftfiese 898 g'l"ess aef'es Me pl'epesea te eflege ffoem a lewel' aeftSity eF mteftSity te a h:igliel' mteftSRy. ExistiBg F1:lt1H'e hepesed Fut'lH'e Area lAmd Use LaIld Use Cress N1:lIB.her DesigBatieBs DesigBatieBS ...Aaeres 1 2 3 4 1 RM 1 RM PRD 11 (99) (119) 2* MR CPS3 2 RM1 RM2 1 22 26 4 RM2 RM1 14 (308) (270) 6 RM2 RM 1 9 (198) (238) 6 RM8 RM2 21 9 9 7 RM1 TH 18 (198) (228) 8a MXE CD2 6 (120,880) (166,466) 81:1 MXE RM2 29 (1,276) (1,631) 9 CD8 RM8 46 9 0 10 MXE RM2 89 (1, 716) (2,069) lla ROS PFE 6 392,940 17Q,448 1113 PFE ROS t (261,369) (212,632) 12 RM2 RM1 20 ( 4-49) 628) 12 RM2 RAIl 62 (1,166) (1,399) 14 ROS RS 11 77 92 16a RM2 RS 6 (294) (863) 1613 RM2 TH 7 (221) (277) 16e RM: 2 RM 1 64 (1,188) (1, 126) 16a P RM 1 11 374 449 1613 PF RM1 2 () 0 16e RM2 RM1 26 (779) (924) TOTAL 492 (7,411) (8,896) 800 260 *Deletea at 2e.a Reaamg Pl:1.hHe HeariRg 1. Net lRerease er (Deef'ease) i:a Permittea Resiaeati8:1. DeftSity as MeastH'ea hy Base D'1:elliBg Uftits 2. Net lRerease sr (Deef'eastl) i:a Ptl:rmittea Resiaenti8:1. Dee.sit,- as MeaslH'ea hy Bsftl:1.s :ov.-dliBg UB::it "ITaetiealaHity Cal"" 3. Net lRerease SF (Deerease) i:a Permittea :Nsn Resiaee.ti8:l.lfttt:Mity as MeaslH'ea By Base 4. Net laeFease aF (Deerease) Hi Pef'ftiittea Nen Resiaee.tiallatcnsity as MeastH'ea hy Belllis Raar Mea "~aetiealaH:ity C8J3" Permittea Fleer ..\rea 1-16 - tA MO. 1 % 3 4 5 6 7 . 9 10 11 12 U 14 15 16 Figure 1-6: Proposed Future Land Use Map Changes EXISTING nrrtnlE LAND USE DESIGNATIONS PIlOPOSEl) CHANGE llIC-l..................... ._-PJU) MIl....................... .CP.S-] 111-1..................... ._-2 111-2 (poZ"C1on ..se ot Bay Rd.l........_-l 111- 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . "-1 IUI-)...... _.............. .JtII-2 1UI-1......................fB KXE (vese 1/2 blOCks 2 , %7. and allot block DJ..CD-2 MXE ( are. reaauti.1IlJ Ut CJle "'S'Cl . . . . . ........ .. ."-2 CI:I-]..................... .JtII-] ut. . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... ._-2 ROS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . J'FE PFE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... e.e.JtGS IUI-%. . ................... ."-1 1U1-2. .................... ._-1 ReS. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .... .. .JlS RK-2 (no~.rn .cae loesl..........JlS RK-2 (block 12 , loc 2 ot block 141.......fB 1U1-2 (r...i.n1nq lo~sl....."-l P , PP'.................. .."-1 RK-2. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. ._-1 r- CITY OF MIAMI S"EACJf, I , - -... .... ---- --.. , ..... NonH KEY TO LANO USE DESIGHAnOHS 1M-PRO RS IM-1 RM-2 RK-3 TB c:t)-2 CJ)- 3 C-PSJ KXE ReS 1m PF ( E) PF P MU~I-FAMILY. PLANNED RESIDENTIAL OEVtLOP~!~T SINGLE FAMILY. RESIDENTIAL MULTI -FAMILY. tDW INTENSITY MULTI-FAMILY. MEDIUM IHTEHSI'I'Y MULTI-FAMILY. HIGH INTENSITY TOWNHOME COHHERC%AL. MEDnnt: IH'l'ENSITY CCMMERCL\L. HIGH INTENSITY CCMMERCIAL. IHTEHSIVE ~IXE.o USE MIXED-USE EHTER'l'AINMEHT REc:xEATION AHD OPEN SPACE MARINE REc:xEATIONAL PUBLIC FACILITY EDUCATIONAL PUBLIC FACILITY (FIRE. POLICE. OTHER) PARKING 1-17 Impact of 1-94 Future Land Use Ma~ Chanees on Residential Densitv and Non-Residential Intensitv in the Coastal Hi~h HAzard Area As shown in the Tables 1-4 and 1-5 below. proposed changes to the Future Land Use Map total 402 ~oss acres. Ninetv-two percent of these 402 IrrOSS acres are proposed to chan~e from a land use category that permits a relatively high density or intensity of development to a category that permits a relatively lower densitv or intensitv. Only 31 of these 402 iI'oss acres are pro..posed to chanve from a lower densitv or intensity to a hie-her intensity. Map chane-e number 8a is to cate~ory CD-2. which permits both residential and non- residential uses or either to the exclusion of the other. Table 1-4 is based on chane-e 8a beine- developed exclusivelv with residential uses. Table 1-5 is based on chane-e 8a heine- developed exclusively with non-residential uses. Under the langua~e in Future Land Use Element Policy 1.2. catee-orv CD-2 could be developed with both residential and non-residential uses in inverse nro..portions. ie the more residential the less non-residential and vice-a-versa. The relevant lan~age reads as follows: "No lot area which is counted toward meeting the lot area required for the residential uses on a lot shall also be counted toward meetin~ the lot area required for non- residential uses on the same lot." Under this lan~ae-e Future Land Use Map change 8a could be develoned with the following mixes of uses shown in Fieure 1-5. 1-18 Figure 1-7: Relationship Between Residential Units and Non-Residential Building Area in a Representative Six Acre CD-2 Site 300 270 250 (f) ~ Z 200 ::> ..J <: i= 150 z w 0 U5 w 100 a:: 50 0 0 270 Residential Units o Non-Residential S.F. 200 Residential Units 67,760 Non-Residential S.F. 100 Residential Units 164,560 Non-Residential S.F. o Residential Units 261,360 Non-Residential S.F. 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,00 300,000 NON-RESIDENTIAL SQUARE FEET 261,360 A similar inverse relationship applies to other land use cateeories that Dermit both residential and non-residential development. These cateeories include CD-I. CD-2. CD-a. RO. MXE. R-PSI. R-PS2. R-Psa. RoPS4. CopS!. CopS2. c-psa. C-PS4. The laneuae-e quoted above also ap.,plies to other land use cate~ories that pennit both residential and non-residential uses. Impact of 1-94 Future Land Use Map Chane-es on Traffic Generation Tables 1-4 and 1-5 show that the Future Land Use Map chane-es will result in a substantially reduced potential for residential development and sliehtly increased Dotential for non- residential develo9rnent. The net effect of a ereatly reduced residential potential and a sliehtlv increased non-residential potential will be a very substantially reduced peak hour trip ~eneration ootential. The base density and intensity envisioned in Table 1-4 will result in 4.397 fewer peak hour trips than would have been possible before the Future Land Use MaD chane-es: the bonus density and intensity envisioned in Table 1-4 will result in 13.971 fewer peak hour trips. The base density and intensity envisioned in Table 1-5 will result in 4.498 fewer peak hour trips than would have been 90ssible before the Future Land Use Mall chan~es: the bonus density and intensity envisioned in Table 1-5 will result in 13.434 fewer 1-19 "peak hour trips. These trip reductions are computed based on 0.63 peak hour trips per residential unit (paee 324 ITE 5th Edition) and 3.4 trills per 1.000 square feet for non- residential develooment (pW!'e 942 ITE 5th Edition). linpact of 1-94 Future T .And Use Map Chanves on Hurricane Evacuation Time Tables 1-4 and 1-5 show that the Future Land Use M~ chane-es will result in a substantially reduced potential for residential develollment and slivhtly increased potential for non- residential development. The net effect of these changes necessarily will be to reduce the hurricane evacuation time that mie'ht otherwise be req,uired if the Future Land Use Map changes had not been made. Indeed. the chane-es are made in order to fulfill Conservationl Coastal Zone Manaeement Policy 4.9 which reads as follows: Selected Citv pollulation densitv maximums shall be reduced as part of this Plan to better coordinate with the 1991 Metro..politan Dade Coun~ Emereencv Operations Plan. which is the local hurricane evacuation "plan for Miami Beach. and the 1991 Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Plan. the ~lPonal hurricane evacuation plan. The JlOllulation densities of the 1991 Metropolitan Dade Coun~ Emereencv Ooerations Plan and the Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Plan derive from the existine- 1991 populations of Dade Countv traffic analvsis zones. The existine 1991 oo.pulations were intelpOlated from the Metrooolitan Dade Coun~ Plannine- De.partment's 1986 estimates and its 2010 projections. This is eJq)lained beeinnine on paee 5 of the Tran8l)Ortation Analysis Ch~ter (Dade Version) of the Trans,portation Analysis Ap,pendix of the 1991 Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study prepared bv the Army C01"J>S of EnlPneers. .As a practical matter. it is not possible to req~e that the holdine c~aci~ of the Future Land Use Map be the same as the existing population used in the Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Plan. Instead. it is believed that the req~ement that Future Land Use Map holding c~acitv be coordinated with the reeional hurricane evacuation plan by adjustine- traffic facilities. trans,portation services and emereencv manaeement techniques to accommodate any increases in oopulation densi~ permitted bv chanees to the Future Land Use M~. When the cumulative inwact of Future Land Use M~ chanees is to reduce the PQPulation densitv that could previouslv have been possible. then the reQ~ement for coordination is automaticallv met accordine to an Administrative Code intet:Pretations provided by Mr. Robert Nix of the Florida Department of Communi~ Affairs (9-6-94). Impact of 1-94 Future T .And Use Map ChanS!es on Recreation Levels of Service and Beach Access Tables 1-4 and 1-5 show that one of the Future Land Use Map chanees (change number 14) will chanee 11 acres from the Recreation and Open Space (ROS) categorv to the Sin vie Familv Residential categorv. This area contains a total of eieht blocks divided into small lots. some of which are vacant and some of which contain sine-Ie family homes. Some of these lots are owned bv the State of Florida and some are owned by private interests. At one time. the state intended to acauire all of the lots in these blocks for incor:poration into North Shore Park. The Department of Environmental Protection. Division of State Land has now determined that they should be sold to Miami Beach or otherwise pursuant to state law rThe "phrase in italics added pursuant to a 4-20-95 phone conference with the Division of State Lands and in response to the objection that the Division has not yet made a final commitment to sell the subject orooerties specifically to the Citvl which will make them 1-20 available for private sinvle family development. It is not ex;pected that the private develo.pment will chanee the confi~ration oflots in a wav which would materially alter beach access o'pportunities. It is envisioned that nroceeds from the sale of the lots will be allocated to a fund for the enhancement of North Shore Park. The area encompassed by Future Land Use Map chanlre 14 is NOT now used for recreation pu~oses and it is not counted in the recreation facility inventorY in the Recreation and Open Space Element. Therefore. removal of the ROS desilmation will not ner se reduce the recreation level of service. The re desi~ation of site to Sinlrle Familv Residential will create a small additional residential development "Ootential. thus putting' more demand on existine- recreation facilities. However. the additional demand will not result in the city failing- to meet its recreation level of service since it is an inconsequential amount and since it will be more than balanced by the net reduction in permitted residential develo.pment which will result from the cumulative effect of all of the proposed Future Land Use Map chanies. The recreation level of service is established bv Policy 2.1 of the Recreation and Ooen Space Element at ten (10) acres of recreation and open space per one thousand germanent and seasonal residents with 20 percent of seasonal residents counted. The recreation space inventorY shown in Table VIII-1 of the Recreation and Open Space element will still have the 1.156 acres shown therein after the 94-1 Future Land Use Map chanve (inc1udinv chang'e number 14) is effectuated. The 2002 population projection re.ported in Tables 1-2 and 1-3 of this element will remain at 98.965 permanent and 70.000 seasonal because it is based on trend lines not individual development sites. The 98.965 permanent nQPulation plus 20 percent of the 70.000 seasonal population produces a nopulation of 112.965 for puz:poses of the recreation level of service standard. Then. 1.156 acres of existinlr recreation land / (112.965 neople/1.000 9eople) equals a level of service of 10.233 acres ner 1.000 population. Even if it were assumed that the additional 11 acres of Sin~le Family Residential land would result in additional po.pulation over and above the projection reported in Tables I-I and 1-3. the nlan would still meet the level of service standard set forth in Recreation and ODen Space Element Policy 2.1. The 11 acres would accommodate 77 additional residential units which would accommodate a nopulation of 149 people at a averalre household size of 1.93 persons. These 149 neQple added to the 112.965 prQjected population will result in a level of service of 10.220 acres per 1.000 po..pulation. Tables 1-4 and 1-5 show that two of the Future Land Use Map chanlres (chan'1es number 16a and lab) will chane-e 13 acres from the Public Facilitv (PF) catee-orv and the Parkine- (P) catelrorv to the Low Density Multi Family Residential (RM-U catevorv. These two chang-es contain a total of ei~ht blocks devoted to surface parking-. two owned by the City of Miami Beach and six owned bv the State of Florida. The oarkinv is sparselv used even thoulrh it is available for the eeneral public. inc1udini visitors to North Shore Park. The Department of Environmental Protection. Division of State Land has determined that the state-owned blocks should be sold to Miami Beach which will make them available for a combination of public parkine- and private residential development. These uses mav be accommodated by placine- parkinlr at ~ade on some or all of the blocks and constructinlr residential units in air riehts above or they may be accommodated bv placine- public parkinlr structures on one or more ofthe blocks and develo9inlr the others for residential use. To the extent necessary. the public narkinlr will be sized to accommodate beach access via North Shore Park and/or other functions which mie-ht be appropriate. It is envisioned that proceeds from the sale ofland or air rillhts will be allocated to a fund for the enhancement of North Shore Park. 1-21 Impact of 1.94 Future Land Use Map Chang-es on Sewer. Water and Solid Waste Levels of Service Tables 1-4 and 1-5 show that the Future Land Use Map chane-es will result in a substantially reduced potential for residential development and sliehtly increased potential for non- residential development. The net effect of a ereatlv reduced residential potential and a sliehtly increased non-residential potential will be a very substantially reduced demand for water and sewer services. The base densitv and intensitv envisioned in Table 1-4 will result in 1.907.932 fewer g-allons per dav of water demand than would have been possible before the Future Land Use Map chane-es: the bonus densitv and intensitv envisioned in Table 1-4 will result in 5.740.068 fewer fallons per day of water demand. The base density and intensitv envisioned in Table 1-5 will result in 1.839.644 fewer eallons per day of water demand than would have been possible before the Future Land Use Map chane-es: the bonus density and intensitv envisioned in Table 1-5 will result in 5.652.284 fewer eallons per day of water demand. These iallon Der davreductions are computed based on a usae-e rate of 250 eallons per day per residential unit and a usa~e rate of 10 ~allons petdav per 100 square feet of non residential uses. Such rates are eQ~al or close to rates commonlv used in Dade Countv municipalities for concurrency manae-ement DUl1>OSes. For residential uses. the gallons per day sewer demand is somewhat lower than the iallons per day water demand whereas for non-residential uses the e-allons per day water demand is the same as the iallons l)er day sewer demand: therefore. the net effect of the future land use chanies will be to reduce the potential demand for sewer services. but bv somewhat smaller amount than the reduction in demand for water service. The net effect of a ~eat1v reduced residential potential and a slie-htlv increased non- residential potential will be a substantially reduced demand for solid waste service. For example. the base density potential show in Table 1-4 will result in a reduction of solid waste disposal demand by 47.254 pounds per day. This estimate is based on e-eneration rates of7 pounds per dav "ger residential unit and 5 pounds per day per 100 square feet of non- residential use. 1-22 Table 1-4: Densities and Intensities of 1.94 Future T .And Use Map Chang'es if all Land Use Cate~ories which Permit Both Residential and Non-Residential Uses are Fully Developed for Residential Use Only Existin~ Proposed Future Future Area Land Use Land Use Gross Number DesilPlations DesilPlations Acres 1 2 3 4 1 RM-1 RM-PRD 11 (99) (264) not tIrP.ftn;t;tM nnt nP1"IIIitbld 2* MR CPS-3 NA NA NA NA NA 3** RM-1 CD-2 1 11 42 0 0 4 RM-2 RM-l 14 (308) (644) not~;tW not nP.n'nittNI 5 RM-2 RM-l 9 (198) (414) ftOt. DfI!I'mit:btrff not nnmitW 6 RM-3 RM-2 21 0 (2.856) not DPml.ittM not nemritud 7 RM-l TH 18 (198) (900) not nwrnittMt not nPnnitbad 8a MXE CD-2 6 (330) (408) 0 0 8b MXE RM-2 29 (1.276) (1.856) not nHmitbad not nPrmittMt 9 CD-3 RM-3 45 0 (5.580) not lV!PI'ftitbtd not nHTnittNI 10 MXE RM-2 39 (1.716) (2.496) not nPPmitbtd not nP.Y'mittNI 11a ROS PFE 6 not ~ittMI not nM'ft'IittMI 392.040 470.448 11b PFE ROS 4 nnt ~ittM not nM'mittMf (261.360) (313.632) 12 RM-2 RM-l 20 (440) (920) not 'NI!PI'I'aittMt Dot nHmittMf 13 RM-2 RM-l 53 (1.166) (2.438) not lWI!nftitW not nP.nftitbtrl 14 ROS RS 11 77 77 not ~ittM not DH'IIIit~ 15a RM-2 RS 6 (294) (774) not ~itf:lad not rwannitW 15b RM-2 TH 7 (231) (672) not nP.I"I'I'Iitbtd not nP-rII".litu.d 15c RM-2 RM-l 54 (1.188) (2.480) not ~ittP.d not f'WI'nnittP.d 16a P RM-l 11 374 - 990 not nPnnittM not nnmitblrd 16b PF RM-1 2 68 180 not nPnnitud nnt nPl'mitbad 16c RM-2 RM-l 35 (770) (1.610) not lWftnitf:lttl not nPrm;tt.Pd TOTAL 402 (7.684) (23.023) 130.680 156.816 r*Deleted at 2nd Readine Public Hearine **Chanved from RM-2 to CD-2 allows hotels. but does not increase intensity.1 1. Net Increase or (Decrease) in Permitted Residential Densitv as Measured bv Base Dwelline Units 2. Net Increase or (Decrease) in Permitted Residential Densitv as Measured by Bonus Dwelline Units 3. Net Increase or (Decrease) in Permitted Non Residential Intensity as Measured by Base Permitted Floor Area 4. Net Increase or (Decrease) in Permitted Non Residential Intensitv as Measured by Bonus Permitted Floor Area 1-23 Table 1-5: Densities and Intensities of 1-94 Future Land Use ~ Chan~es if all Land Use Cate~ories which Permit Both Residential and Non-Residential Uses are Fully Develoued for Non-Residential Use Only Existin~ Pro>>osed Future Future Area Land Use Land Use Gross Nnmber Desienations Desienations Acres 1 2 3 4 1 RM-1 RM-PRD 11 (99) (264) ntlt DMmittM not ntlmftittM 2* MR CPS-3 NA NA NA NA NA 3** RM-1 CD-2 1 (11) (42) not 'DflITmitted not nPnnittM 4 RM-2 RM-1 14 (308) (644) not 'Dm'mitt;M nnt ~l'I"ftittHI 5 RM-2 RM-1 9 (98) (414) not IMiPmitUtf not nP.'I"mittM 6 RM-3 RM-2 21 0 (2.856) notNWl"ft'lit.tPtI not f'WIl'I"ftittMf 7 RM-l TH 18 (98) (900) notl)f!1'ftlittPd not nnmittM 8a MXE CD-2 6 0 0 030.680) (261.360) 8b MXE RM-2 29 0.276) (1.856) nnt 'l>>l"mitW not nPTmittM 9 CD-3 RM-3 45 0 (5.580) not nPnnittM not r>>ftnit.tM 10 MXE RM-2 39 0.716) (2.496) not Nl'I'Iftit:tM not nPrmittM 11a ROS PFE 6 not ftM'IIIittM not ~ittMf 392.040 470.448 lIb PFE ROS 4 not nM"IIlittM not~ittJlld (261.360) (313.632) 12 RM-2 RM-1 20 ( 440) (920) nnt. N'nnittMf not rwwrmittMt 13 RM-2 RM-1 53 (1.166) (2.438) not ~it.tHI not. nP'I"mitt.Pd 14 ROS RS 11 77 77 not N>>I'InittMt not l'WInnitt...d 15a RM-2 RS 6 (294) (774) not. nIlnnittP.d nnt ntannittM 15b RM-2 TH 7 (231) (672) not nP.nnitt#tl not nPnnitt.P.d 15c RM-2 RM-1 54 0.188) (2.480) notl1lDrl'ftitblod not nPnnitbad 16a P RM-1 11 374 990 not l>"""itbtod not nP.1"mitUod 16b PF RM-1 2 68 180 "tit. nPl"mitblotl not nH'mittM 16c RM-2 RM-1 35 (770) (1.610) notl1lDrl'ftitt#ott not Nlrmitbatl TOTAL 402 (7.376) (22.699) 43.560 254.664 r*Deleted at 2nd Readine- Public Hearinl2'. **Chane-ed from RM-2 to CD-2 allows hotels. but does not increase intensity.l 1. Net Increase or (Decrease) in Permitted Residential Densitv as Measured by Base Dwellinv Units 2. Net Increase or (Decrease) in Permitted Residential Density as Measured by Bonus Dwellinl2' Units 3. Net Increase or (Decrease) in Permitted Non Residential Intensity as Measured by Base Permitted Floor Area 4. Net Increase or (Decrease) in Permitted Non Residential Intensity as Measured by Bonus Permitted Floor Area 1-24 Figure 1-8: State and City Owned Sites that will be Sold Pursuant to Implementation of Future Land Use Map Changes Numbers 14, 16a and 1Gb I; \ .0 STA . dWNED ~ ern WNED 1 2 .... I a 14 ~~11 . 5 1 2 II I I , j' i 3 '. ~m ~m~ ~m~~ ST. ~m~~~ ~m~~ 11 14 en Z .:; ~ . ~.81a 4. ~'I) \ i I I I \ I I 'Ii \ i II; I ;1 f : ( I II : \MAR 2 , ! FLUM Chane-e 14: Blocks 5-7 and 10-12 south of 79th Street r.nn~in individual lots. some of which are vacant and some of which contJ'lin sinile familv homes. Some of these lots are owned bv the State of Florida and some are owned bv Drivate interests. At one time. the state intended to acquire all of the lots in these blocks for incorporation into North Shore Park. The Department of Environmental Protection. Division of State T .and has now determined that thev should be sold to Miami Beach which will make them available for -private sinile familv _' develo..p-ment. It is not expected that the private develoDment will chan~e the confieuration oflots in a wav which would materiallv alter beach access o'9portunities. It is envisioned that proceeds from the sale oflots will be allocated to a fund for the p.nhl'lncement of North Shore Park. FLUM Chan~es IGa & 1Gb: Blocks 12 throu2:h 20 north of 79th Street contain surface parkine- lots. The lots are available for the e-eneral public. includine- visitors to North Shore Park. The Darkin~ is s,parsely used. The blocks are owned bv the Citv of Miami Beach (blocks 12 and 18) and the State of Florida (blocks 13-17 and 19-20). The Department of Environmental Protection. Division of State Land has determined that the state-owned blocks should be sold to Miami Beach which will make them available for a combination of public parkine- and private residential development. These uses maV be accommodated bv placin", parkine- at ~ade on all or most of the blocks and constructin", residential units in air rie-hts above or thev mav be accommodated by placiD'" Dublic '9arkin~ structures on one or more of the blocks and develo.pin", the others for residential use. To the extent necessary. the Dublic parkine- will be sized to accommodate beach access via North Shore Park and/or other functions which mieht be ap.propriate. It is envisioned that Droceeds from the sale or lots of air ri~hts will be allocated to a fund for the enhancement of North Shore Park. 1-25 II. TRAFFIC CIRCULATION ELEMENT EXISTING SYSTEM Traffic Circulation Map Series Figure II-I shows the roadways under County and State jurisdiction within the City. Most of the major roads are the responsibility of the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). Only the Venetian Causeway-Dade Boulevard-Pine Tree Road corridor is a County responsibility. Figure II-2 provides the functional classification while Figure II-3 shows the number oflanes for each Arterial and Collector road. The only two City streets included in this system are 47th and 51st Streets, City Collectors. Other Transportation Facilities The McArthur Causeway Cargo Terminal is located within the City limits as shown on Figure II-I. This cargo ship terminal is not part of the larger Port of Miami which is located just west of the City; see the separate Port and Aviation Element. There are no airports or rail lines within the City. ANALYSIS Level of Service Definitions The basis for determining the adequacy of a roadway to handle traffic is the level of service (LOS) measurement. This measure is the basis for setting the level of service standard which is used in the concurrency management system, the State-mandated system for assuring that the infrastructure network is adequate to serve additional development. Levels of service are expressed as letters "A" through "F." The standardized descriptions of service levels used in transportation planning are as follows: LOS A: Highest LOS which describes primarily free-flow traffic operations at average travel speeds. Vehicles are completely unimpeded in their ability to maneuver within the traffic stream. Stopped delay at intersections is minimal. LOS B: Represents reasonably unimpeded traffic flow operations at average travel speeds. The ability to maneuver within the traffic stream is only slightly restricted and stopped delays are not bothersome. Drivers are not generally subjected to appreciable tensions. LOS C: Represents stable traffic flow operations. However, ability to maneuver and change lanes may be more restricted than in LOS B, and longer queues and/or adverse signal coordination may contribute to lower average travel speeds. Motorists will experience ail appreciable tension while driving. LOS D: Borders on a range in which small increases in traffic flow may cause substantial increases in approach delay and, hence, decreases in speed. This may be due to adverse signal progression, inappropriate signal timing, high volumes or some combinations of these. LOS E: This represents traffic flow characterized by significant delays and lower operating speeds. Such operations are caused by some combination of adverse progression, high signal density, extensive queuing at critical intersections and inappropriate signal timing. II-2 LOS F: This represents traffic flow characterized at extremely low speeds. Intersection congestion is likely at critical signalized locations, with high approach delays resulting. Adverse signal progression is frequently a contributor to this condition. Existing Volumes and Level of Service Table II-I shows the volumes and other characteristics for the State and County Arterial/Collector system within the City. This data is then used to determine the existing level of service on each roadway. This indicates that only the Julia Tuttle Causeway and Arthur Godfrey Road even reach LOS D, i.e., there are no peak hour acute problems. The City's unique economic base tends to avoid peak hour problems. Accident Data Table II-2 shows that three of the four highest accident intersections in the City are along 5th Avenue, the principal visitor entrance to South Beach from the MacArthur Causeway. The intersection with the second highest rate is Arthur Godfrey Road and Pine Tree Drive; this is partially due to some awkward geometry combined with high volumes. Projected Volumes and Level of Service Table II-3 shows the projected voh~.mes and level of service for the 10 year planning period. A comparison of the existing and projected volumes show decreases_ in the southern and central part of the City and increases in the north. This apparently reflects the County traffic model assumption that the Metrorail extension will be constructed and thereby reduce auto trips. None of the projects in the FDOT five year transportation plan or the MPO plans will increase the capacity of any Arterial or Collector. They all involve resurfacing or bridge reconstruction/replacement. Although some lanes may be widened, there is insufficient right of way to increase safety or efficiency by adding lanes. 11-3 Table n-l: Existing Traffic Volumes and Level of Service Latest Average Classifi- Daily Trips(1) cation Location Southern Locations:* Collins Ave. at 4th St. Alton Rd. n. of Dade Blvd. Collins Ave. s. of Dade Blvd. Venetian Causeway 5th Street Central Locations: Julia Tuttle Causeway Arthur Godfrey w. of Indian Creek Dr. Collins Ave. opp. 51st St. Alton Rd. n. of 51st St. Pine Tree Drive Prairie Avenue Northern Locations: 71st St. at Indian Creek Dr. Collins Ave. at 85th St. Harding Ave. at 85th St. North Bay Causeway 11,500 23,680 19,164 NA NA 64,064 26,366 29,708 23,904 NA NA 10,962 19,132 18,891 30,890 Peak Number Hour of Lanes Trips Art 4 Art 4 Art 4 Art 2 Art 6D Art 6D Art 4 Art 6D Art 4D Art 4D Art 2 Art 4D Art 3 one way Art 3 one way Art 4D 319(2) 2 368(3) , 1,916(3) 1,021(2) 1074(1) , 6 406(3) , 2 637(3) , 2,970(3) 2 390(3) , NA NA 472(2) 2 015(2) , 2,370(2) 3 089(3) , *Note: There are no count stations on or near the MacArthur Causeway. Existing Level of Service(4) A C C C A D D C C A C C B Sources: (1) Florida Department of Transportation 1991 counts. (2) Dade County 1990-1991 counts. (3) ADT adjusted by 10 percent factor for peak hour. (4) Level of Service Standards and Guideline Manual, Florida Department of Transportation, 1992. Group C used except the causeways where Group A was used. n-4 Table 11-2: Highest Accident Intersections, 1991-1992 Number of Accidents 5th Street and Washington Avenue 41st Street and Pine Tree Drive 5th Street and Lennox Avenue 5th Street and Michigan Avenue 41st Street and Sheridan Avenue 5th Street and Collins Avenue 37 26 18 15 11 10 Source: Miami Beach Police Department, 1992 Table IT-3: Projected Traffic Volumes and Level of Service 1997 Average 1997 Level 2002 Average 2002 Level Location Daily Trips of Service Daily Trips of Service Southern Locations: Collins Ave. at 4th St. 8,367 C 8,662 C Alton Rd. n. of Dade Blvd. 17,385 C 17,774 C Collins Ave. s. of Dade Blvd. 14,038 C 14,528 C Venetian Causeway 11,545 B 11,864 B Central Locations: Julia Tuttle Causeway 47,319 B 47,526 B Arthur Godfrey w. of Indian Creek Dr. 18,204 D 18,864 D Collins Ave. opp. 51st St. 7,531 A 7,766 A Alton Rd. n. of 51st St. 12,411 C 12,423 B Northern Locations: 71st St. at Indian Creek Dr. 20,498 C 21,082 C Collins Ave. at 85th St. 23,412 C 23,671 C Harding Ave. at 85th St. 23,852 C 24,037 C North Bay Causeway 14,923 A 14,899 A Sources: (1) Traffic volumes: interpolated from Metro-Dade County FSUTMS model output. (2) LOS: FDOT Level of Service Standards and Guideline Manual, 1992. 11-5 - - - - I I I. I ." (jj ~ CD ;: ... .--.------ - - ~, /. ... . I '" .... 1I1 ~ m >< Z'(j; c: -t !: - OJ z m Cj') ::0 -t o :0 'TI )> 'TI :0 "T1 o - )> n. o 0 ::E - )> :0 -< n c: ~ ~ "T1 ili !; .. i' c.> III. MASS TRANSIT ELE:MENT INVENTORY Metrobus Routes There are 14 Metrobus routes that serve the City of Miami Beach. The routes are illustrated on the existing mass transit map (Figure III-I). ROUTE A C F G H J K L M R S T DESCRIPTION An east/west route connecting Overtown Metrorail station and Omni shopping mall to 17th Street and Lincoln Road via the Venetian Causeway. A north/south route in Miami Beach that connects South Beach to Central Beach (41st Street and Mt. Sinai hospital), and connects to downtown Miami via the MacArthur Causeway. An east/west route that connects South Beach to Omni snopping mall and the Miami Civic Center. A north/south route in Miami Beach that connects 17th Street north along the beach to Bal Harbor and west to North Miami and Opa Locka. A north/south route in Miami Beach that runs from South Beach to Sunny Isles, and west to North Miami Beach and the 163 Street Mall. A route that serves central and northern Miami Beach, and connects to Metrorail north of Downtown Miami, and south to Coral Gables and Coconut Grove. A north/south route, running the length of the City, and connecting to the downtown Miami Government Center and Omni via the MacArthur Causeway. A route that serves the Convention Center, the beacbfront between Lincoln Road and 71st Street, and Normandy Isle, and west across the 79th Street Causeway to Hialeah and the Amtrak station. This route connects Mt. Sinai Hospital with the downtown Miami Government Center, via Collins Avenue, 17th Street, Alton Road, and the MacArthur Causeway. A north/south route that serves the North Shore, and runs the length of the City along Alton Road and Meridian, to the South Pointe Redevelopment Area. This route runs the length of the City, and connects with the downtown Miami Government Center on the south and to Aventura on the north. This route runs from the Government Center in downtown Miami, across Julia Tuttle Causeway and up Collins Avenue to Haulover Park. ill-2 W A loop around the southern end of Miami Beach along 17th Street, West Avenue, Alton Road, Ocean Drive, and Washington Avenue. 62 This route serves Miami and Hialeah, but connects to Miami Beach during rush hours only, via the Julia Causeway. Figure ITI-l shows the existing bus routes and the principal "attractors" or destinations to which bus passengers are headed upon leaving their home. Due to the residential density and development pattern in Miami Beach, except for the west central and island single family areas, the entire City is a "generator" of trips as is Miami. A special route called the Breeze links Miami Beach (Convention Center and south) with the Omni and downtown Miami. It operates with 15 minute headways on Friday evening and weekends. This serves the tourist, convention and entertainment markets. ANALYSIS Service Frequency Table IIT-1 shows that most routes provide service every 20 to 30 minutes except evenings and Sundays. The two prime Collins Avenue routes (L and S) have even more frequent service. The special Route 62 provides only peak hour service to Mt. Sinai Hospital and Arthur Godfrey Road. Ridership As shown in Table lIT-I, the two prime north-south routes (L to Normandy Isle and S to Adventura) have the highest ridership, averaging over 10,000 per weekday even during the September off-season. Only the Venetian Causeway route (A) and the Alton Road single family area route (R) had less than 1,200 riders per weekday. ID-4 ..c Co) II ~ = i II i . 1:1 t c! . .! =' :::~ =~ ~ GD - 1:1 ~~ :-a ~ ; II ~ .. ~ ~ . <- "1 Q > "i'.. :sc! e~ e Co) ., ~ ~ 1:1 :s g o ~ ~ ~ i > .. ~~ - - c. ~ ->. __.11 ..cas"O .....lId .. ~ ~ ~<> ~ - == c:::: ~ . 1:1 "S =' ::c rn eq i - >. II ~ =: ..lid 10 II ~ ~ = ... ~ ., ..c . Z -= ~ =- ! =' ~ c:> - ~- as ~,: ; ~ ~ > o Cl':l to-: ~ t- ~ o (,Q c:> (,Q c:> (,Q c:> Cl':l c:> Cl':l < c:> - c) as t-- Cli ~ Cfi ~- -0:1 ~- -ILS 0:1 pol as ~- roo: pol -~- (,Qpol ~- ~- Cl':l- pol ci ... .s = cg o u 0> o - ~ - ... .s = G) o ~ -> C). o t- c:> cQ ~ o ~ (,Q (,Q - ~- t- ~ ~ - c:> ~ o (,Q c:> ~ c:> (,Q c:> (,Q Q ~ c:> ~ c:> ~ o Cl':l c:> ~ c:> ~ o C&. -t- ~~ -ILS ~~ -~- :2~ -Cfi :!:~ -ci ~~ --- ~~ -c:i t-N fIi < z c:> ~ - 10 ~ 10 ~- c:> (,Q c:> (,Q <6 ~ c:> (,Q c:> ~ c:> ~ o -t- ~~ -ILS :2~ -~- :::~ -Cfi ~N -~- ~~ --- t-_~ (,Q - c:> ~-N -roo: -- < z ~ co - t- t- ~ ~- c:> N c:> N c:> (,Q Q ~ c:> ~ c:> ~ ::r: t- ~ t- - (,Q- - ILS - ~~ ~ .. m as as Q,- as bD - =' <Q c:> 0:1 ~ N t- o ILS c:> (,Q c:> ~ c:> (,Q c:> ~ c:> N ~ -t- ~N -ILS ~N -~ O:I~ as - N r-:"N fIi ~ ~- - N - ... .s = cg o ~ "> C) o Cl':l co ~ - c:> - 1Cl- c:> ~ c:> N o ~ o ~ 0::> N ~ -t- ~N -. :2N -~ :!:N -~- ~N - pol- ~N -c:i ~N -roo: 0:1_ as roo: - cg -;:2 G) m ]~ ::r: C) z at:) co ~ Cl':l t- (,Q c:i - o ~ o N o ~ . 10 pol c:> ~ 10 pol 0::> pol ..J 10 Cfi ~- at- ~N -fIi :2N -. ;::N -cr; ~N -~- O:IN aSai roo: pol ILS - - N ..... .! = cg o .. "> C) o < Z C'I:l C'I:l ~ 10 ~ N ~ ~ ..; - ~ ~ ~ S c: G) o ~ c: G) S c: ~ G.l > C) o .s as :s i 3 ; C) "'0 .. = C C) o~ U G) c: ~ C 0:1 C) 0:10 - ~ ~ G) G) > ~ C) ~ ~ .. ~ Q," G) G) m::E c:> ~ G) = C) Z c:> ~ G) c: C) Z c:> (,Q c:> (,Q c:> C'I:l o (,Q o C'I:l o (,Q :s ,.... =::! = IU-5 e - - -r- -r- 0 &0 a. ~~~ ~C'Il ~ - .s e - -.0- -.0 (3) u ~n::;~ ~C'Il = = .. ~ - -~- - <fIS'- ... ~ C)CCN ~C'Il 1:'"'- ... CD -~ < - CO _~ -~- ~ .. ~ r::~N ~N <fIS'- e ~ > .. -~.. -N- .;' .. &O<fIS'N ~C'Il ~ :a CI) -- U.) Cl:l _ _- ao- N- ci~C'Il .... ....- - .- N C'Il - - < - c::l .. .. .. .- S .8 Q) e e Z -5 .- = = ... e u Q) Q) =' .. ~ 0 0 ...:l ... ~ c::l ... ~ = :a c::l -> > :e e e e 0 0 0 co :a ~ ~ N C'Il C'Il ~ = - CC &0 .... CC .- CIi ...i CIi CIi c::l :E CI) > .. ~ CI) Q". - - - c. CI) ~ ~ CO <fIS' .... .- ~ = Q C) 10 It:) .c=~ r-_ .... C'Il <fIS' ..: Z...:II - ci Jri Q) .. ~ ~ - ... CI) > ~ = ~ < == Q) == 0 ... = '"""I . 0 0 0 0 Q) - a = e Cl:l ~ c-.> c-.> :s == to E U.) - Q) > e 0 0 0 0 N ... 0 "s ~ = Cl:l N N c-.> = CIJ . ... N CIS - - :i z . e .c ~ u ... Q 0 0 0 ~ = ..c "CD CI) Cl:l c-.> CQ CC S ~Q, ~ 6 == - ~ = Q) - Z c-.> Q)Q a >. e ~~ .! = "'C ~:t: .:II 0 0 .. ~ "S :s N It:) CD = - N N .... = ca ; .-~ =0 l e ;- 'C = CI) 1j ~~ CI)- == :s > Q) c::l .. a Q) U CIi "'CCD =cJJ .:II N 0 0 0 CD Q) = - N N N C) e QCQ c::l CD ~ 6 C) 0 e "s e CI) - .. 0... - CI) .. -:s Q) > ... CD :::~ .J:J e ~:a a a -.. ~ e ;,; -- CI) Z ~ Q,- 8 -= ... Gl Gl :s m:2 .. ~~ ~ - - =' ~ N e rJ'J Eo- cc - ~ rJ'J -- ID-6 Revenues The column in Table TIl -1 headed Revenue Per Mile indicates that most of the routes are in the range of $1.50 to $3.00 in revenue per transit mile. Only Route C (Lincoln Road to downtown Miami via the MacArthur Causeway) exceeds that. The unique A and R routes both fall below $1.00 per transit mile. The typical Routes A and R fall below $1.00. The regular service routes average $2.39 per weekday system-wide. Generators and Attractors Figure 111-1 shows that the route system provides good coverage to the "generator" areas of the City, i.e., the higher density residential areas south of Dade Boulevard, north of 65th Street and the Collins Avenue corridor. Similarly the major "attractors" or employment, shopping, entertainment and service destinations are all on existing routes. Auto Ownership The 1990 U.S. Census shows that 22,111 households or 45 percent of the total do not own an automobile. Obviously this underscores the importance of good transit service. Population Characteristics Another indicator of the importance of transit is that 25 percent of the population (22,993 people) are in households with an income below the poverty line. Although the percent of the City's population that is over 65 has dropped, 30 percent or 27,892 people are still in that category. County and State Plans The 1993-1997 Transportation Improvement Program of the Dade County Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) includes FDOT projects and calls for the normal kind of improvements to the bus system including acquisition of an average of 33 buses per year to replace existing ones plus bus shelters and other loading facilities. The rail system improvements do not currently have a direct bearing on Miami Beach. However, the Mass Transit Element of the Metro-Dade Comprehensive Plan continues to call for a Metrorail extension into Miami Beach during the 2000-2010 period. The proposed. corridor is MacArthur Causeway-Washington Avenue to the Lincoln Road-Convention Center area. A 1988 study commissioned by the City demonstrated the feasibility of a light rail system in that corridor-possibly extending further north to 63rd Street. However, a City referendum on such a system was defeated.. County Level of Service The County's adopted level of service in effect requires that within Miami Beach, public transit service shall provide: · bus service frequency of at least once an hour, · routes no more than one mile apart. Bus service in Miami Beach now meets that standard. 111-7 IV. PORTS and AVIATION ELEMENT PORTS Sun Terminal on MacArthur Causeway Description: This is the only port facility within the City limits. A privately owned cargo facility, it has 1,600 linear feet of deep draft dockage and one container crane. From four to eight ships can be accommodated at one time, depending upon size. Almost all of the cargo is containerized. Volume: The annual number of containers handled by the facility has increased from about 10,000 in 1987 to 48,000 in 1991-1992. This recent figure translates into 475,000 tons. Expectations are that the volume will continue to increase about five percent per year. This can be accommodated without expansion; the property is surrounded by other uses. Impacts: The immediately adjacent land uses are an FPL substation, a ferry slip, the City public works yard and a Coast Guard station so there is no use incompatibility. The nearest housing (on Star Island) is 1,000 feet away. A port oftbis size generates about 66 trips per week day so the impact on the six-lane causeway is not significant. The Metro-Dade Department of Environmental Resources Management monitors water quality throughout Biscayne Bay including the port area. This small port has no major impact on the economy of Miami Beach. The Port of Miami Across the channel from the above port is the separate Port of Miami which occupies Lumus Island and Dodge Island. The 1991 passenger total of 2,928,532 was an 11 percent increase over 1990 and the 1991 cargo tonnage of 3,882,284 was an eight percent increase over 1990. New terminal facilities are being constructed to meet this demand. AIRPORTS The Miami International Airport is located 14 miles west of Miami Beach and provides passenger and cargo service. The Opa-Locka Airport is the closest general aviation facility. The Miami facility can accommodate 96 gates and 15,000,000 enplanements per year. The 1991 enplanement figure was 13,228,276 with the capacity expected to be reached during the planning period. Due to the fact that Hurricane Andrew damage shut down Homestead Air Force Base, this airport may end up being used as a cargo, commuter and/or general aviation relief airport. The distance of the airport from the City means there is no direct land use or natural resources impact. On the other hand, the airport is critical to the tourist and convention component of the City's economy. Fortunately, the Julia Tuttle and MacArthur causeways provide direct expressway access to the airport. IV.2 TERMINAL ISLAND ~- -- I If II - r- -- i I ! , I f r EXISTING ~ N AND FUTURE PORTS & rl VIA TION I Fig. IV- t PREPARED BY PLANNING. DESIGN & HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION 1993 v. HOUSING ELEMENT HOUSING INVENTORY Housing Stock Characteristics Table V-I shows the basic housing data for the City in comparison to Dade County (the Metropolitan Area). The 1990 Miami Beach non-seasonal vacant rate of 15.2 percent is unusually high-higher than Dade County or the 1980 City figure (12.2 percent). The other striking change from 1980 to 1990 was the 4,412 decrease in the total number of housing units. There is reason to believe that this vacancy rate has declined since Hurricane Andrew due to the displacement of families from South Dade. This rate is likely to increase again as rebuilding progresses in that part of the County. Table V.I: Housing Unit Count, 1990 Miami Beach Total Number of Units 62,413 4,207 58,206 8,901 49,305 Vacant Seasonal Year Round Housing Units Vacant Year Round Housing Units Occupied Housing Units Source: U.S. Bureau of Census Dade County 771,288 19,062 752,226 59,871 692,355 V-2 Table V-2 contains the distribution among housing types and shows the predominance of multifamily (structure with three or more) units. Over 87 percent of the City's units are in multifamily structures as compared to less than half in the County as a whole. In fact, 23,023 of these multifamily units are in structures with 50 or more units, i.e., high rise. Another unique aspect of the City's housing stock is that 77 percent of the units are one bedroom or efficiencies. Table V-2: Type of Housing Units, 1990 Miami Beach Dade County Single Family Detached Single Family Attached Duplex 5,427 461 419 311,519 74,453 22,444 333,598 18,543 10.731 771,288 Multifamily 54,405 11 Mobile Home or Trailer Other 1.690 62,413 Total Source: U.S. Bureau of Census Table V-3 shows the age of the City's housing stock. Again, the City is unusual when compared to other South Florida cities by virtue of the fact that 14 percent of its housing stock is more than 50 years old. Table V-3: Age of Housing Stock, 1990 Year Structure Was Built Miami Beach 1989 to March 1990 1985 to 1988 1980 to 1984 1970 to 1979 1960 to 1969 1950 to 1959 1940 to 1949 1939 or earlier 277 742 3,496 12,038 15,655 12,080 9,539 8,576 Source: U.S. Bureau of Census Table V-4 shows the value of the City's owner-occupied housing stock. Only about one-third of the owner-occupied units (14,051) are included in the survey. The median value of Miami Beach's owner-occupied housing stock is $191,300. In short, this component of the housing stock is relatively high in value; for example the median value in Miami Shores is only $104,500. The 1990 U.s. Census reported that 18,923 of the City's units were in V-3 condominium ownership, but this figure must be used carefully since some of these units are rented and many are seasonal. Table V-4: Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units Number of Units Percent Less than $50,000 $50,000 - 99,000 $100,000 - 149,000 $150,000 - 199,000 $200,000 - 299,000 $300,000 or more Total Reporting 53 579 863 814 883 1,170 4,362 1.2 13.3 19.8 18.7 20.2 26.8 Source: U.S. Bureau of Census V-4 Financial Characteristics Table V-5 outlines the monthly housing costs and income characteristics of households living in the City's owner-occupied units and Table 6 does the same for rental units. The usual pattern emerges whereby two-thirds of the homeowners pay less than 30 percent of their income on housing-the generally accepted maximum percentage. Table V-5: Financial Characteristics of Households in Owner-Occupied Units Number With a Mortgage Median Monthly Cost Number Not Mortgaged Median Monthly Cost Miami Beach Dade County 4,459 376,006 2,646 223,902 $1,448 $796 1,813 57,811 $401 $241 Owner-Occupied Housing Units, 1990:(1) Monthly Owner-Occupied Housing Costs as a Percentage of Income, 1990: Less than 20 Percent 20 - 40 Percent 2,170 338 30 34 Percent 341 . 35 Percent or More 1,007 (l)Data not available for all such household. Source: U.s. Bureau of Census The cost of owner-occupied housing in the City is significantly higher than the County as a whole. On the rental side, costs are almost identical with a City median rent of $427 and a County median of $422. V-5 The 1990 Census data that cross tabulates percentage of housing costs to income is not yet available. Not surprisingly, over half of the households in rental units pay more than 30 percent of their income for housing. Table V-6: Financial Characteristics of Households in Renter-Occupied Housing, 1990 Gross Rent Miami Beach Dade County Renter-Occupied Units Less than $250 Per Month $250 - 499 $500 - 749 $750 - 999 $1,000 or More No Cash Rent 35,238 2,643 20,009 8,069 2,359 1,532 626 305,935 45,729 161,174 79,694 11,757 7,581 NA Median Rent = $427 Gross Rent as Percent of Income Renter-Occupied Units Less than 20 Percent 20 - 24 Percent 25 - 29 Percent 30 - 34 Percent 35 Percent or More Not Computed 35,238 5,375 3,728 3,744 2,822 17,585 1,984 Source: 1990 Bureau of Census Housing Conditions The 1990 U.S. Census reported that 1,621 of the City housing units lacked a complete kitchen, less than half of the 1980 figure. There were 548 units lacking complete plumbing and 7,620 units contained more than one person per room, an indication of overcrowding. The latest survey of structural conditions (1988) indicated that there were 4,944 units (7.9 percent of the total) rated "substandard" which means the unit fails to meet the City minimum housing code standards which are similar to HUD's Section 8 minimum standards. However, most of these units (4,396) were deemed suitable for rehabilitation. This means only 548 or less than one percent of the total units were rated dilapidated and thus in need of demolition. Subsidized Rental Housing Table V-7lists the rental housing developments currently receiving Federal subsidies. The subsidy program and number of units are included. This list shows that the City has participated in the full range ofHUD programs. This does not reflect the following additional City use of State and Federal funds to assist housing. V-6 . . . . . "Existing Housing" HUD Section 8 Program CDBG Rental Rehabilitation (scattered sites) HUD Rental Rehabilitation (scattered sites) HUD 312 Loan for Deco Plaza Metro-Dade HFA Financing for Rue Granville 2,173 units 344 units 121 units 44 units 77 units Group Homes Table V-7 shows the Adult Congregate Living Facilities (ACLF) located within the City. There are no other !IRS licensed Chapter 419 group homes. Table V-7: Group Homes and ACLFs Name Grace Hotel Normandy Manor Mason Manor Park Retirement Hebrew Home Aged Eastern Sun Delta Hotel Continental Hotel Port O'Call James Plaza Normandy Waterway Plaza South Golden Palm New Mason Manor Normandy 6060 Indian Creek Realty Total Address Number of Beds 60 16 12 74 122 68 90 154 35 64 86 144 104 72 16 120 445 Espanola Way 7100 Rue Granville 1753 Michigan Avenue 928 Ocean Drive 310-336 Collins Avenue 900 Ocean Drive 2216 Park Avenue 4000 Collins Avenue 6891 Bay Drive 1753 James Avenue 80-90 South Shore Drive 1685 James Avenue 1401 Bay Road 1753 Michigan Avenue 1771 Marseilles Drive 6060 Indian Creek Drive Source: Miami Beach Planning, Design and Historic Preservation Division, 1992. 1,237 V-7 Mobile Homes There are no mobile home parks or subdivisions in Miami Beach. Table V.8: Subsidized Rental Housing Inventory City of Miami Beach, 1992 1. COUNCIL TOWERS NORTH 1040 Collins Avenue Section 8 New Construction - Section 202 Program Elderly 125 - 1 Bedroom - 125 --1 - 2 Bedroom - ---ll 126- Total Units - 125 Subsidized Units 2. COUNCIL TOWERS SOUTH 533 Collins Avenue Section 8 New Construction - Section 202 Program Elderly 125 - 1 Bedroom - 125 --1 - 2 Bedroom - ---ll 126- Total Units - 125 Subsidized Units 3. FEDERATION TOWERS 757 West Avenue Section 8 New Construction - Section 202 Program 76 - Efficiencies - 75 38 - 1 Bedroom - ~ 114- Total Units - 113 Subsidized Units 4. FOUR FREEDOMS HOUSE 3800 Collins Avenue Section 8 New Construction - Section 202 Program Loan Management Set Aside 56 - Small Efficiencies 128 - Large Efficiencies 2 - Small 1 Bedroom 2 - Medium 1 Bedroom 20 - Large 1 Bedroom J - 2 Bedroom 38 55 1 o o --<! 210 - Total Units 94 Subsidized Units V-8 5. LULA V SQUARE 618-644 Lenox Avenue Section 8 Substantial Rehab - Non-insured Project Section 8 Subsidy - Project Based 72 - Small Efficiency 20 - Medium Efficiency ~ - Large Efficiency 140 - Total Units 72 20 - ~ 139 Subsidized 6. REBECCA TOWERS NORTH 200 Alton Road Section 8 New Construction - Section 202 Program Non-insured (HUD does not insure the loan) 120 - Efficiencies 80 1 Bedroom 200 - Total Units 120 ~ 200 Subsidized Units (Not SRO's) 7. REBECCA TOWERS SOUTH 150 Alton Road Section 8 New Construction,.. Public Housing for the Elderly 120 - Efficiencies 80 - 1 Bedroom 200 - Total Units 8. STELLA MARIS 8638 Harding Avenue 120 ~ 200 Subsidized Units (Not SRO's) Section 8 - New Construction - Section 202 Program 35 - Efficiencies ..lQl - 1 Bedroom 136 - Total Units 9. VILLA MARIA 2800 Collins Avenue 35 ..lQl 136 Subsidized Units Section 8 - Substantial Rehab (HUD is not the contract administrator) 29 - Efficiencies ~ - 1 Bedroom 34 - Total Units 29 ~ 34 Subsidized Units V.9 10. EDWARDS APARTMENTS 953 Collins Avenue Section 8 - Substantial Rehab Non-insured (HUD is not the contract administrator) 92 - 1 Bedroom 20 - Efficiencies 91 20 112 - Total Units 111 Subsidized Units 11. SHEP DA VIS/MIDTOWN PLAZA 220 23rd Street 7 - Efficiencies 42 - 1 Bedroom 7 .Jg 49 - Total Units 49 Subsidized Units 12. BLACKSTONE 800 Washington Avenue Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation 108 - 1 Bedroom - 108 ~ - 2 Bedroom - 23 131- Total Units 131 Subsidized Units Source: 1991-1992 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, City of Miami Beach Community Development Department. Historically Significant Housing The majority of the housing in Miami Beach which has been formally designated as historically significant is located in the Miami Beach Architectural District. This 520 acre district, commonly referred to as the Art Deco District, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As the name denotes, this area contains the largest concentration of Art Deco style architecture in the United States. The area received formal designation in the Register in May 1979. The District is shown on the map on the following page. The Altos Del Mar subdivision was partially designated as a local historic district by the Miami Beach City Commission in May 1987. Situated east of Collins Avenue from 76th to 79th Streets, Altos Del Mar is the City's last remaining single-family oceanfront neighborhood. Within the larger National Register District are several local historic districts which were designated separately over the last several years; in total, they coincide with the National Register District. The City maintains a computerized data base of historically significant properties; it currently contains some 650 residential structures. V-10 Housing Construction Activity Table V-9 shows that over 100 additional units were constructed during the 30 months following the 1990 U.S. Census. Unfortunately, the Building Department methods of record- keeping does not record the precise number of units in a multifamily structure nor the number of demolitions Table V.9: Housing Stock Changes Since 1990 Units Single Family Units Multifamily Units Hotel Conversion to Condo 18 122(1) 6 Total 146 Cl)Approximation due to City method of record-keeping. Source: Miami Beach Building Department, 1992. v-n HOUSING ANALYSIS Household Projections and Needs Assessment The following table (also included in the Future Land Use Element) shows the trends and projections relative to households. Table V-I0: Household Projections 1980 1990 1992 1997 2002 Population 96,296 92,639 94,065 96,500 98,965 In households 95,029 91,203 92,565 95,000 97,465 In group quarters 1,276 1,436 1,500 1,500 1,500 Households 55,685 49,305 49,500 50,000 50,500 Population per household 1.71 1.85 1.87 1.90 1.93 Housing units 66,825 62,413 62,400 62,400 62,400 Seasonal units 3,419 4,204 4,400 4,900 5,400 Non-seasonal vacancy rate 12.2% 15.2% 14.6% 13.0% 12.3% Sources: U.S. Census Bureau. Robert K Swarthout, Incorporated. V-12 Based upon the above projection of total households, Table V-II breaks down this projection by household size. Given the fact that 77 percent of the City's housing stock are one bedroom or efficiency units, it is not surprising that 80 percent of the households still consist of one or two persons. No major shift in this pattern is expected. Table V.ll: Household Size Projections Persons Per Household 1990 1992 1997 2002 1 24,979 24,963 25,102 25,241 2 14,792 14,907 15,228 15,492 3 4,714 4,736 4,780 4,828 4 2,807 2,817 2,850 2,879 5 or more 2.013 2.020 2.040 2.060 Total 49,305 49,500 50,000 50,500 Sources: U.S. Census Bureau. Robert K Swarthout, Incorporated. V-13 Table V-12 then projects these same households by income range. Table V-12: Household Projections by Income Category Income Group 1990 1992 1997 2002 Very Low Income: Less than $5,000 7,928 7,927 8,007 8,087 Low Income: $5,000 - $9,999 9,292 9,303 9,397 9,491 $10,000 - $14,999 7,023 7,021 7,092 7,163 Medium-High Income: $15,000 - $$24,999 8,586 8,633 8,730 8,818 $25,000 - $34,999 5,436 5,484 5,539 5,594 - $35,000 - $49,999 4,276 4,316 4,359 4,403 $50,000 - $74,999 3,112 3,150 3,174 3,206 $75,000 - $99,999 1,110 1,133 1,144 1,155 $100,000 - $149,999 1,254 1,281 1,294 1,307 $150,000 or more 1,226 1,252 1,264 1,276 49,243* 49,500 50,000 50,500 *Some households did not report their income. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau. Robert K Swarthout, Incorporated. Tables V-ll and V-12 then serve as the basis for projecting the anticipated housing need over the next 20 years. Table V-13 provides that projection; the methodology is outlined in the Appendix. The significance of these projections is as follows: · There is a deficit of 3,000 units for very low income rental households which means that the City must continue to utilize the array of housing subsidy programs, particularly in conjunction with rental rehabilitation. · Some 2,000 middle and high income households will be paying more than 30 percent of their income for housing, the majority in condo or other owner- occupied units. · The principal increase in the number of households occurs in the moderate and high income ranges which is reflective of the housing dynamics in the Flamingo area. V-14 Table V-13: Anticipated Housing Needs 1992 1997 2002 Very Low Income: Number of Households 7,908 7,931 7,897 Owner-Occupied Units 0 0 0 Renter-Occupied Units 4,730 4,616 4,559 Total Units in Range 4,730 4,616 4,559 Deficit (3,178) (3,315) (3,338) Low Income: Number of Households 16,343 16,451 16,559 Owner-Occupied Units 171 171 171 Renter-Occupied Units 21,241 21,184 21,127 Total Units in Range 21,412 21,355 21,298 Surplus 5,069 4,904 4,739 Middle Income: Number of Households 8,690 8,834 8,978 Owner-Occupied Units 1,864 1,864 1,864 Renter-Occupied Units 6,310 6,367 6,424 Total Units in Range 8,174 8,231 8,288 Deficit (516) (603) (690) High Income: Number of Households 16,551 16,774 16,998 Owner-Occupied Units 12,004 12,009 12,009 Renter-Occupied Units 2,968 3,025 3,082 Total Units in Range 14,977 15,034 15,091 Deficit (1,574) (1,740) (1,907) Source: Robert K Swarthout, Incorporated This analysis indicates that there will still be a 12 percent non-seasonal vacancy rate in 2002-a more than acceptable rate. There are no rural or farmworker housing needs in Miami Beach. It is estimated that there are between 200 and 400 homeless individuals. The City's Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy outlines the array of facilities and services, existing and planned, to meet this special housing need. Private Sector Role The private market will continue to be the sole provider of housing except for the one existing 200 unit public housing project (Rebecca Towers South). The public sector will assist the private sector in the rehabilitation of nearly 500 units this year. This pattem must continue in order to both reduce the 4,944 unit inventory of substandard housing units and the 3,300 low income households paying more than one-third of their income in rent. In all of the interviews with local leaders, there was no perception of financing or governmental regulations as a major blockage to housing production. Instead, there were reported statements about the need to solve the problems created by the South Beach entertainment uses so that families can be attracted to the area's new or rehabilitated units which have assured parking and minimal noise. V-15 Housing Program Implementation In response to 9J-5.01O (2) (f) FAC, the following outlines the means for accomplishing the State objectives. Housing to Meet Anticipated Future Residents: With a non-seasonal housing vacancy rate of about 15 percent, the challenge is to achieve a higher occupancy of the existing housing stock more than to provide new housing. The housing stock and limited vacant land are adequately served by the City's infrastructure system except for the arterial street system which can not be widened. In summary, the 5,000 increase in households during the next 10 years will largely be accommodated by the existing housing stock with some new construction infill, particularly townhouses and other low-rise development. The principal need is to continue the pattern whereby several small units (there are 48,058 in the City) are converted into one larger unit to accommodate both market rate and low-moderate income families. A number of programs can help achieve this objective including: · Selective down-zoning in certain areas to encourage reinvestment in the existing housing stock. · City housing rehabilitation assistance programs to upgrade the housing stock for low- and moderate-income households; see next section on substandard housing. · Implementation of the South Pointe redevelopment plan for townhouses. · Enforcement of the City minimum housing standards ordinance. · Policies that discourage conversion of residential to non-residential uses, e.g., the land development code, zoning administration/decisions, historic preservation reviews, etc. · Floor area ratio (FAR) bonuses related. to affordable housing. Elimination of Substandard Housing: As outlined in the City's 1991-1992 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, the goal is to upgrade 492 housing units for low- and moderate-income households during 1992. An array of programs are being used including the following: . Moderate rehabilitation 127 units . Substantial rehabilitation 275 units . CDBG rehabilitation 90 units In addition to the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), the programs that will be used to achieve this goal are the HUn rental rehabilitation program, the City's privately financed mortgage/rehabilitation program, the Federal low-income housing tax credit program, the State Apartment Incentive Loan Program (SAIL), the Dade County Surtax Program, the new HUn HOME program, etc. These rehab programs will continue to be used in tandem with housing code enforcement. Inevitably some demolition will have to occur given the 548 dilapidated units. Aesthetic improvements will be achieved (where applicable) through the local historic district review process and the City design review process which covers all multifamily renovations and new construction. V-16 Sites for New Construction: The primary goals of the City's housing program are retention of the existing housing stock rather than new construction and to avoid the concentration of low and moderate income housing. The principal vacant land resource for new construction is in the South Pointe redevelopment area (11 vacant acres) and adjacent Flamingo area (10 vacant acres); see Figure 1-1. Much of this new construction is expected to be market rate townhouses and other low-rise development rather than low- and moderate-income housing since the biggest imbalance in the existing housing stock is lack of owner-occupied units-only 28 percent of the occupied units are owner-occupied. However, during 1992 funds are earmarked for low- and moderate-income new construction under the new HUn HOME program, the HUD Section 202 elderly program and the HOD Section 811 program for the handicapped. There are no realistic opportunities for traditional mobile home sites in Miami Beach due to both hurricane vulnerability and incompatibility with the design character of the existing housing stock. Group Homes: The City's land development code has specific provisions authorizing Adult Congregate Living Facilities in its multifamily residential districts. It is also bound by the provisions of Chapter 419 F AC which authorizes group homes in any single-family residential district and "community residential homes" in any multifamily district, if licensed by HRS and in conformance with Chapter 419 locational standards. Rehabilitation, Demolition and Historic Preservation: The above discussion of substandard housing lists the City's program plans for housing rehabilitation that will rehab 492 units during the current year. Demolition will occur primarily when the code enforcement program deems a dilapidated structure unfit for rehab. Again, the City's emphasis is housing stock conservation. Historic preservation incentives and reviews will continue in the local and national districts. The City has extended the existing local districts to encompass the entire National Register District. V-17 APPENDIX Methodology for Housing Need Projections (Table V.IS) 1. Households from the 1990 Census data on income levels were grouped into the following four-tiered categories based on median income; see Table A Very Low Income Low Income Middle and Moderate Income High Income below 50% of mean 50 - SO% of mean SO - 150% of mean above 150% less than $5,000 $5,000 - $14,999 $15,000 - $24,999 $25,000 or more 2. The total numbers of owner-occupied units by value category were determined by an extrapolation of the 1990 census data on the unit value of owner-occupied units. See Table B. 3. Table C was prepared to determine affordable rent and house value for the income groups. Affordable rent was determined by multiplying grass income by 30 percent (assuming that affordable means that housing costs are not more than 30 percent of income). Affordable housing value was determined by multiplying income by 2.5 percent which is consistent with the HUD methodology. These figures for affordable rent and house value were then correlated to the 1990 Census data categories as shown in Table C. 4. Projections were then made based on the current dynamics of the Miami Beach housing market. Table A: Household by Income Category Households Very Low Income - between 50% of median Low Income - 50 - SO% of median Moderate Income - SO - 120% of median Middle Income - 120 - 150% of median High Income - Above 150% 7,656 12,250 lS,374 22,968 22,968 V-IS Table B: Extrapolation of Value of Owner-Occupied Units from Census Number of Units Percent Less than $50,000 171 1.22* $50,000 - $99,000 1,865 13.27 $100,000 - $150,000 2,779 19.78 $150,000 - $199,000 2,622 18.66 $200,000 - $299,000 2,844 20.24 $300,000 or more 3,768 26.82 Total Occupied Units 14,049 *1990 Census Data Value-Specified Owner-Occupied Units Number of Units Percent Less than $50,000 53 1.22 $50,000 - $99,000 579 13.27 $100,000 - $150,000 863 19.78 $150,000 - $199,000 814 18.66 $200,000 - $299,000 883 20.24 $300,000 or more 1,170 26.82 Table C: Housing Affordability by Income Group Very Low Income: Owner-House Value Renter-Contract Rent Under $12,500 Under $125 Low Income: Owner-House Value Renter-Contract Rent $12,500 - $37,498 $125 - $375 Middle Income: Owner-House Value Renter-Contract Rent $37,498 - $62,498 $375 - $625 High Income: Owner-House Value Renter-Contract Rent $62,498 and up $625 and up . V-19 VI. INFRASTRUCTURE ELEMENT I. SEWAGE Existing Facilities Operational Responsibility: The Miami Beach Public Works Department is responsible for the collection system. This system includes: 152 miles of lines 24 pump stations The Metro-Dade County Water and Sewer Department (W ASD) is responsible for the treatment of the sewage. Although not specified in the joint user agreement, WASD's Virginia Key treatment plant allocates 15 percent of its capacity to the City. The agreement simply assures the City that W ASD will meet its treatment needs. Service Area: The system serves the entire City so the existing land use data in the Future Land Use Element applies. All uses must tie into the sanitary sewer system as a matter of City policy. Existing County Plant Capacity and Demand: The Virginia Key treatment plant has a design capacity of 133,000,000 gallons per day. The 1991 average daily flow into the plant was 128,870,000 gallons per day which is 96.9 percent of capacity. However, a new transmission line is being constructed that will link some of the current service area of this. plant to the south plant which is being expanded. All three County plants are interconnected by the trunk line system. The principal problem with this County system is that of capacity in several key trunk lines including the one under Biscayne Bay. This has caused a County-wide moratorium on new service agreements. This does not have any significant impact on the City. Existing City Distribution System Capacity and Demand: Currently the City is generating a peak month (October) average daily flow of 27,315,890 gallons (annual average daily is 20,518,067). This October 1991 peak is misleading due to a unique storm and tidal situation causing infiltration. Existing Level of Service: This works out to an existing level of service of 135 gallons per person (permanent plus seasonal population) per day. Current Needs: With the mid-1980's construction of a 54 inch force main from the City to the Virginia Key plant plus installation of a new pump station in the South Pointe area, the City collection system has adequate capacity to meet current needs. The 1989 Comprehensive Plan contains a detailed inventory of pump station characteristics. The principal needs of the system are to replace antiquated components of these pump stations and the line collection system. The current collection system has no adverse impact on natural resources; a systematic line monitoring system is used to detect and correct any line leakage. Future Needs With the permanent population projected to increase by less than 2,500 during both the first five years and the 1997-2002 period, the collection system capacity will continue to be adequate. In terms of the Virginia Key treatment plant, with the demand actually decreasing in the short run due to the flow shift to the south plant, VI-2 there is not a projected capacity problem during the 10 year planning period. The primary County problem is with collection trunk line capacity. ll. POTABLE WATER Existing Facilities Operational Responsibility: The City Public Works Department is responsible for the storage and 157 mile distribution system. The Metro-Dade County Water and Sewer Department is responsible for the water supply and treatment. Service Area: The entire City is served by the City distribution system so the existing land use data in the Future Land Use Element applies. Existing County Plant Capacity and Flow: Two interconnected W ASD treatment plants (Hialeah and Preston) serve Miami Beach. Their combined rated capacity is 190,000,000 gallons per day. However, the entire W ASD water treatment system is interconnected. The combined capacity is 403,000,000 gallons per day with a 306,000,000 maximum day flow in 1991. W ASD allocates 10 percent of this capacity to Miami Beach although this is not specified in the formal user agreement. Existing City Distribution System Capacity and Flow: The City operates two above- ground storage reservoirs on 75th Street with a combined storage capacity of 9,160,000 gallons and two on Dade Boulevard with a combined capacity of 7,800,000 gallons. Two elevated water towers are located in the southern part of the City, each with 1,000,000 gallons of capacity. A booster station is located on each of the four trunk lines entering the City. In 1989 W ASD began directly servirig four municipalities previously served by Miami Beach. This left only Surfside in the City's service area and means a 15 percent increase in excess capacity became available in the storage and distribution system. The annual average daily flow for 1991-1992 was 20,438,855 gallons with a peak month (December) flow of 24,006,044 gallons. There is no impact of the distribution system upon natural resources. Existing Level of Service: Based on the combined permanent and seasonal population, the current level of service is 134 gallons per person per day based on average flow. Existing Needs: Of the 157 miles of distribution line, over 100 miles are more than 40 years old including eight miles of 2 to 4 inch pipe which is obsolete for fire fighting purposes. The minimum modem standard for residential service lines is 6 to 8 inches in diameter. Therefore, the principal need is to replace obsolete water lines plus normal refurbishment and line replacement. VI-3 m. SOLID WASTE Existing Facilities Operational Responsibility: The City contracts with a private hauler (IWS) for collection of solid waste from lower density residential areas. The City also contracts with private haulers for collection from higher density residential and non-residential areas. The Metro-Dade County Public Works Department operates the collection of recyclable solid waste, the transfer stations and disposal facilities. Service Area: The entire City is served by the above system so the existing land use in Table 1-1 applies. Existing County Facility Capacity and Demand: The County's resource recovery facility on N.W. 58th Street near the Turnpike is the disposal facility for Miami Beach. The limiting capacity factor is the amount of landfill capacity remaining, even with a resource recovery plant. The County has projected that there will be adequate landfill capacity remaining at this facility until the Year 2009. The capacity of the other landfills will be reached several years earlier. The daily capacity of the Central transfer station is 4,000 tons with an average daily demand of only 900 tons. Existing City Demand: The City has been able to reduce its landfill-bound solid waste or garbage quantity by 20 percent since 1987 due to recycling. The 1991-1992 average single family garbage generation rate was 623 tons per month. In addition, another 150 tons per month of yard waste is generated by these low density residential areas. Through an interlocal agreement with Dade County, approximately 60 tons of recyclable trash is collected per month. There is no way to determine the City's share of the multifamily and non-residential solid waste picked up by the five private contractors. There is no adverse impact on the natural resources of the City by this collection process. Existing Level of Service: The above numbers indicate that the City is currently generating 3.2 pounds per capita per day based on the population in the lower density residential neighborhoods. For total solid waste generation, including the non- residential uses, the County-wide figure of seven pounds per person per day is appropriate. Existing Needs: No significant improvements are currently required relative to either the County disposal system or the City collection fleet. Future Needs The City's projected landfill-destined solid waste volume is expected to decrease by another 15 percent as recycling becomes fully implemented. The landfill at the Resource Recovery Facility (which serves Miami Beach) has 17 years of capacity remaining. The County is about to undertake a solid waste master plan which will determine future disposal strategies since the other landfills will reach full capacity in the 2000-2003 period. VI-4 IV. DRAINAGE Existing Facilities Operational Responsibility and Service Area: The City Public Works Department is responsible for operation of a system of storm sewers that coincides with the curbed streets throughout Miami Beach. This is supplemented by a combination of swales, underground trench or seepage disposal and drainage wells. Design Capacity and Existing Level of Service: The Florida Department of Environmental Regulations (DER) stormwater rule (Chapter 17-25 F AC) requires the detention of the first one inch of rainfall. DER has delegated stormwater permit responsibility to the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) which in turn delegated it to the County Department of Environmental Resources Management (DERM). DERM has a more restrictive policy of requiring full retention iffeasible; otherwise the one inch rule applies. Although new storm sewers with ocean-bay outfalls are not permitted, the existing system is designed for a 25 year frequency, 24 hour duration storm. Existing Problems: The City faces two kinds of drainage problems. One is that if certain high tide patterns coincide with a heavy rain, backup can occur in sections of the storm sewer system. Secondly, the compacted fill nature of the barrier island's "soil" means that natural infiltration can be slow - five inches offill are needed to soak up one inch of rain. Therefore, drainage wells are increasingly being used instead of the other drainage options. Future Needs Storm Sewers: The City &as jtli3t eempletet! a pregt'8fB ef iaeft.ttfymg aH ef the stiermwater eutfaYs iBte the eea:ls eEl the Bay tegether with a testieg f8i' peHuteRt leMs. Baset! e:a tliese BBdmgS, the City is prepa:riBg a mitigMieli eapit&l imprerlemeBt pregrem that is elffJeeteEl tie aHeeate ae8'tH $1,299,999 pet' ,eM fer .,ari.e~ iBa-atieB. et! EleeJl3-.veR systems. At one time. there were direct sanitary outfalls into the Atlantic Ocean and interconnections between sanitary and storm sewer SYStems. All such outfalls and interconnections were eliminated by "9roiects completed in 198!. Storm water outfalls into surface water are identified in Fimres VII-3A and VII-3B in the Conservation and Coastal Manae-ement Element. The identifications were provided bv DERM. Thev have not vet been fullv confirmed bv the Miami Beach Public Works Dellartment or its consultants. Nor have thev been subject to comprehensive laboratorv testini of pollutant loads. at least insofar as is known to the actini Director of Public Works. the Water and Sewer Superintendent and the Citv's storm water eniineerine- consultants. There has been no use of trap .pine- and filtration devices at the outfalls to reduce point-source pollution. However. as required by EPA mandate. the Citv does incorporate with all new storm sewer improvement nrojects devices to reduce point source pollution. The Citv has created a storm water utilitv which it e~ will be instrumental in up~dine- stormwater facilities bv nrovidine- a revenue stream to retire future bonded debt for storm water improvements. In order to identifv storm water needs. the Citv has a currently Onioine- Storm Water Svstem Improvements Master Plan study. This studv is beine- carried out in coordination with DERM's efforts to prepare all required documentation to meet the NPDES nermittine- requirements of the Environmental Protection ~encv as articulated in Challter 24 of the Dade Countv Code and Chanter 403. FS. The studv is VI-5 is in a very early phase: the consultant for the study is in the process of identifvin~ draina~e basins that require detailed modeline- and analysis and no laboratory testine- is scheduled as of the fall of 1994. It is e~cted that the stuQy will eventually result in the identification of environmentally detrimental dischaI:e'es. which are herein defined to be anv dischare-es which contain hazardous pollutants as set bv the Environmental Protection Aeencv pursuant to the Clean Water Act. Natural Drainage Features and AiJuifer Recharge Areas: There are no true natural drainage features within the City; Biscayne Bay and the ocean receive stormwater runoff. All of the canals are man-made and even the Bay has been drastically altered. There are no aquifer recharge areas on the barrier island. As noted previously, current City and DERM policy prevents any additional structural drainage systems with tidal water outfalls. VI-6 VII. CONSERVATION and COASTAL MANAGEMENT INVENTORY Water Resources Figure 1-1, the Existing Land Use map, shows the significant water bodies, i.e., the ocean, bay and estuarine waterways. There are no upland wetlands in Miami Beach. The estuarine waters adjacent to the City are barren of any seagrass due to historic dredging. The only exceptions are the Stillwater Drive area and adjacent to the peninsula on which Mt. Sinai Hospital is located. Otherwise the seagrass beds tend to be about 1,000 feet off shore, from Belle Isle north to about 58th Street. See Figure VII-1. Any development along the western shoreline must be sensitive to these seagrass beds and their critical importance to the ecosystem of Biscayne Bay. See page 48 of the Metro-Dade County Comprehensive Plan for details on this subject. Soils The entire island is essentially "made land" except for the sand along the ocean beach. Therefore, soil erosion is not a problem. Wildlife Table A in the Appendix lists the known or dominant species of fish in Biscayne Bay and nearby ocean waters. Table B lists the predominant bird species of the Bay and ocean beach environments. Endangered Species Appendix Table C lists those bird, mammal and reptile species that are listed on the Dade County list of endangered, threatened and rare species and might be found within Miami Beach. Vegetative Cover Between the man-made soil of the island and the full development pattern, there is no significant natural vegetative cover, e.g., no mangroves. Vegetation is limited to the landscaping planted in conjunction with development (including parks) and limited ocean dune vegetation. VII-2 ./ , .. , I . t . I . \ I { t I ~ 1 Fig. VII-1 SEA GRASSES BARREN (DREDGED) BARREN (UNDREDGED) ALGAE/SEAGRASS SOURCE: METRO-DADE DERM (1983c.) SEAGRASS OF BISCA YNE SAY and MIAMI BEACH Minerals Again, the man-made nature of most of the island's subsoil means there are no commercially significant minerals. Air Quality There is no air quality measuring station in or near Miami Beach. With the prevailing easterly winds, the City normally has the cleanest air in central Dade County. Table VII-l shows the County-wide trends for carbon monoxide, ozone and total suspended particulates. It shows the extent to which air quality is improving, i.e., the percentage of days with "good" air quality is increasing while the percentage with "unhealthy" is decreasing. Table Vll-l: Air Quality Trends 1989 1990 1991 Percent of Days Good 61.09 58.90 73.97 Percent of Days Moderate 37.81 40.83 25.48 Percent of Days Unhealthful 1.10 0.27 0.55 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 Source: Metro-Dade County Department of Environmental Resources Management, 1992. Floodplains Figure VII-2 shows the so-called V zones which is where the storm surge wave action is particularly damaging. Other than the ocean beach, the V zones are limited to the north edge of Hibiscus Island, the Julia Tuttle Causeway and small waterfront segments offour other islands. The balance of Miami Beach is in the 100 year flood plain. This means that given the predominant elevation (4 feet above mean low tide) all new buildings must have their first floor elevated from 8 to 11 feet above the mean low tide. VII-4 Figure VII-2 1f ~MI BEACH L OODPLAINS COASTAL mGH HAZARD AREA 'E: REMAINDER OF CITY CLASSIF1ED ZONE AE INUNDATED BY 100 YEAR FLOOD, SASE FLOOD ELEVATIONS DETERMINED ~c F.E.M.A.. FLOOD INSURANCE RA TE MAPS. 1987 . 6 N ,.- I I I I I I I --- I I 1 z '" UJ (,) o " ZONE V 21, r-- >- <l: CD uJ Z ,.. '" (,) ca CD JULl p., iUiiLE. () j:: Z <l: -J I- <l: V 16 M,o,C/fRr f1tj Ff -c; A-US~w At'. OC=::-~Qt::\ QV PI :'NNI~J~ "t:<::I~~J .9. '...1I<::7IiO,r- Oo=::-==.'~-:r'\" ~,..,,...,-.. CONSERVATION ANALYSIS Biscayne Bay The Bay and its tributaries are an important recreational asset (particularly boating and fishing). Commercial boating and fishing playa lesser role in the vicinity of Miami Beach. The Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve Management Plan is a blueprint that is intended to achieve conservation of the Bay and its immediate tributaries. To assure compliance with this plan, the Biscayne Bay Shoreline Development Review Committee was established to review all development permits (except single family and duplex houses) for tracts fronting the Bay, except the area south of 6th Street in the South Pointe Redevelopment Area. See the Coastal Management section on estuarine pollution. Other Conservation Issues Air: The principal means of reducing air pollution is to keep traffic volumes from further exceeding roadway capacities. The most practical means of doing that is to "down zone" certain areas of the City that might be redeveloped. Floodplains: The requirement for new construction to have its first floor elevated is the most practical means of floodplain conservation. Wildlife: The most significant conservation concerns are manatees and sea turtles. Manatees have been sighted in a number of the City's waterways, particularly Indian Creek Waterway. The Florida Marine Patrol recently placed 57 signs within the City waterways to remind boaters about manatees and speed restrictions. Otherwise, careful conservation of the limited dune vegetation is about as much as the City can achieve. Water Needs Table VII-2 shows a projection of the City's water consumption based upon the population projections in the Future Land Use Element and the current level of service. Table VII-2: Water Need Projections Average Daily Peak Day Year Consumption in Gallons Consumption in Gallons 1992 20,438,855 24,006,044 1997 21,641,000 25,517,000 2002 22,641,000 26,696,000 BISCAYNE BAY POLLUTION Water Quality The only 1992 water quality measure available from the County Department of Environmental Resources Management for comparison purposes was fecal coliform bacteria. VII-6 The 1992 measurement in the Bay was 109 per 100 ML which is on the low side of the scale of 100 to 4,800 observed in the early 1980's. This low figure near Miami Beach can be attributed to the prevalence of salt water; higher readings are found in the creeks/canals to the west of the Bay. The coprostan samplings track the fecal coliform in that the reading near Miami Beach (Indian Creek Waterway and the Bay front between the marina and the Julia Tuttle Causeway) average about 300 nglg which is far lower than areas more remote from Government Cut. ' The water adjacent to the City is rated average for the Bay with the best in the middle of the Bay, particularly south of Rick en backer Causeway. Storm Water Outfall Mitigation Figures VII-3A and VII-3B shows the ElUality ef storm water outfalls from Miami Beach into the Bay and Ocean. As noted in the Infrastructure Element, the-Cityis currently studvine- the storm water system with the intent of identifyine- anv outfalls that mav be environmentallv damaiinl!' and takinl!' Droper corrective action. has just eeBtflleteEl testi:B.g sf the pelftleftt lealis at eaeh ef these 8UtfaBS. BaseEl en tliese fiR8iBgs, it is eeRti:B.WBg eEl mereasmg its mittgaaeB. preg!"am wliereey ti'&I3pHtg &BEl filtraaen Eleviees are aElEleEl ta the a1:ftfaHs te reEltlee f'eiRt saMee :paRl!tiaR. Land Use and Infrastructure Implications Due to the full development pattern of the City, nothing in the other elements of this Plan will adversely impact the quality, circulation or sedimentation of the Bay. Regulatory Programs The single most effective program to combat estuarine pollution is the Biscayne Bay Shoreline Development Review Committee's role in reviewing almost all waterfront development permit applications. All other development permits are reviewed by DERM from the standpoint of stormwater runoff controls. VII-7 FIG. VII.SA ...r: j! / I / / MIAMI BEACH I I lllCIlE"I..CIlEII es." , , , , : . , , , : , , , , . . . . : ! : . . ~ lUll CUT ~ NAUTICAL MILE . I j 0 ~ 1 N I I 0 31 1 STATUTE MILE STORM WATER OUTFALLS . ~ 30. . 24-30. . 12.23. IOUIIC&;..n~OAOI 01"11 .". .. IIn_OAOllO\.A""."O 01"" . _ FIG. vn-3B \ I ! z < LU '" o sa I- Z < - I- < 8 J Q o ;J j . f (J . : . . : : ii!! .~ ...... ~ (3 D ~ '" ." ~ CZ) E ." JU~JA l'UTTt.1 es..... ~ . : STORM WATER OUTFALLS . ~30- . 24-30- . 12.23- ~ NAUTICAL MILE I j 0 ~ 1 I I I N 0 ~ 1 STATUTE MU SOUIlCI:..nIlO-OAOI 01.... '''' . IICTIlO-OAOI 'U.......O 01" . I'. COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT Existing Land Use Since the entire City is within the coastal zone, Figure 1-1 provides the existing land use picture. There are no significant land use conflicts along the City's extensive shore line in terms of uses that are incompatible with the waterfront location. Because the hotels and condos north of 15th Street cut off direct access to the ocean beach, the boardwalk system and access at the end of the streets becomes critical for public access. Water-Dependent and Water-Related Uses Figure VII-4 shows the Miami Beach uses that exist only because they have direct access to the water. The prime examples of water-dependent uses are the numerous marinas and boat rental facilities plus the Sun Terminal. Water-related uses include the various boat repair and marine products and sales firms. Although not considered water-dependent by the State, clearly the numerous ocean front resort hotels would not exist if they were hot adjacent to the beach. Public Access Figure VII-5 shows the numerous public access points to the ocean. The principal constraint is not the number of access points but the parking to serve them as well as the nearby commercial and residential uses. This is one of the principal policy areas to be addressed by this plan. In other words, the density and popularity of Miami Beach together create this problem. Public access points to the Bay are more limited. There are two principal marinas serving the City, a municipal one near MacArthur Causeway and a private marina near Venetian Causeway. Their combined capacity is 431 wetships. An inventory in December 1991 (the peak season) showed that only 211 of these were in use indicating adequate capacity. Of course many of the residential and hotel facilities have their own marina facilities. Table VIII-l in the Recreation and Open Space Element data and analysis includes a listing of the numerous waterfront parks including a commentary on problems and opportunities. Economic Base and Historic Resources Miami Beach is unique in that the historic areas and the extensive water frontage are the twin engines that drive the City's economy. The oceanfront resort hotels, waterfront condos and waterfront restaurants are the backbone of the economy. Many of the hotels and restaurants, in turn, are in the historic district. Infrastructure The Infrastructure and Traffic Elements provide an account of the existing infrastructure, all of which is in the coastal zone. As indicated, no significant capacity increases are planned for any of these facilities. VII-lO Ire VII-4 v IAMI FACH , A TER ~LA TED J1ES I I . . . N l .. . I BOAT RENTAL/SCHOOL MIAMI BEACH ROWING CENTER t., = r"~.RII4A (PRIMARILY BOAT STO~AGE) BOAT REUTAL RENT ~.L Et/U I P: ~Ei'lT t-1ARIUE ELECTROtIICS SOAT REHTAL MAP.WE EOUI P~EflT YACHT PRODUCTS M = MARINA (prI~ARILY BOAT STOfMGE) ~~RINE INSTRi.)~ErnS ~.ARINE ELECTROtlICS SAILING/DIVING SCHOOL BOAT REPAIR BOAt RENT~.l TE~~INAl OPERATORS/OFFICEf I ..........._....... ___ _., "..... . "......,,- .....__,.-.... ;) L...JIC""-.......r""ll.- ....nr--~....,.I .. T.I""""-.. .......,. "C"....... ~. Redevelopment Figure 1-5 shows the Community Development Block Grant target areas which include those areas in need of redevelopment. These include the two established redevelopment areas, ~ known as the South Pointe Redevelo:pment Area and the other known as the Convention Center Villae-e Redevelo:pment Area. iB Seutft Pemte aBa the ether Hi the CeRVeIlaeR Ceftter 8f'eft:- Coastal High Hazard Area The entire City is in the Coastal High Hazard Area because full evacuation is required in the case of any hurricane. Realistically, none of the infrastructure can be relocated because over 100,000 people are dependent upon that infrastructure. However, other than some sea walls and beach-related recreational facilities, none is located within the storm surge V zone. The latter is limited to the ocean beach. Beach and Dune Systems A $48,000,000 beach renourishment project was completed in 1981. This was followed by a $6,000,000 dune vegetation project. The next phase of waterfront stabilization will be mangrove planting and rip-rap installation along the Julia Tuttle Causeway and adjacent Mt. Sinai Hospital. HURRICANE PLANNING Sources of Hurricane Evacuation Analysis Four key documents form the basis for this analysis of evacuation planning for the City: · Metro-Dade County Planning Department, Coastal Management Element of the Comprehensive Plan, 1989 and 1992. · Metro-Dade County Office of Emergency Management, Emergency Operations Plan Section I Hurricane Procedures, 1991. · U.S. Corps of Engineers, Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study, 1991. · City of Miami Beach, Hurricane Handbook, 1991. All four of these documents were published prior to Hurricane Andrew and therefore are certain to be reviewed and revised based upon that experience. Evacuation Status The County Coastal Management Element indicates that Miami Beach is subject to total evacuation in the case of any hurricane. The County Office of Emergency Management breaks this down into five categories, the first three of which apply to the City: Level A All electricity-dependent individuals living at home are to be evacuated. Level B All residents east of Collins Avenue are to be evacuated. Level C The balance of Miami Beach is to be evacuated. VII-I3 If even a Category 1 hurricane is expected to land fall in Dade County, Levels A-C are triggered. Hurricane Shelters Under the 1991 policy, the County no longer lists hurricane shelters in their plan and procedures due to its constant state of flux. Instead, the shelters are announced at the time of the evacuation order. Number Requiring Evacuation Table VII-3 shows the population that must be evacuated from each of the four evacuation zones covering the City. It also shows the likely destination of these evacuees and therefore the number of people potentially requiring public shelter. Table VU-3: Hurricane Evacuation Need Zone Evacuating Public Friend's Hotell Out of Number Population Shelter Home Motel County 2 - South of Dade Blvd. 60,266 4,592 17,014 6,025 32,630 3 - Venetian Isles 3,275 231 1,060 326 1,655 4 - Central Miami Beach 26,733 2,101 7,053 2,672 14,903 5 - Northern Miami Beach 39,417 2,911 11,831 3,940 20,730 This pattern is based upon a Category 4 or 5 storm occurring prior to November. Source: Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study, U.S. Corps of Engineers, 1991. Since the County and U.S. Corps of Engineers no longer publish a list of shelters for Miami Beach residents, it is not possible to assess the number of spaces available. It should be added that based upon the Hurricane Andrew experience, experts feel that the percentage leaving the County as opposed to seeking public shelter may increase over the 1991 assumptions. Evacuation Routes Three of the four causeways provide the evacuation routes for Miami Beach. The County Office of Emergency Management has noted two intersections and one street segment that are of concern: · MacArthur Causeway and Alton Road intersection · Arthur Godfrey Road and Alton Road intersection · Collins Avenue between Arthur Godfrey Road and 5th Street VII-14 They recommend special precautions, including: · Police direct traffic · Tow problem parked cars · Redirect flow with barriers · Modify lane use Evacuation Times The County emergency planners estimate that it will take 11 1/2 to 13 hours to evacuate Miami Beach prior to November and 14-15 3/4 hours after the seasonal population begins to arrive. Special Needs Population Table VII-3lists those facilities that will require special evacuation attention due to the medical condition or age of the occupants. A detailed evacuation matrix in the 1991 County operations plan lists the shelters and transportation resources that would be used to evacuate each of these facilities. VII-I5 City Residential Density Policy The most direct way to maintain or reduce hurricane evacuation times is to control the density of residential development. By continuing to "downzone" portions of the City, there is greater assurance that the permanent population will not increase significantly due to private redevelopment. Most hurricanes have occurred prior to the influx of seasonal residents. Table VU-4: Facilities With Special Evacuation Needs Bed Capacity ACLFs: The Continental Day Care for Frail Elderly Delta Hebrew Home Hudson Apartments Nightingale Manor Normandy's Park Adult Plaza James Plaza South Pointe Bayside 45 40 75 124 50 12 16 71 64 73 35 Hospitals: Miami Heart Institution Mt. Sinai South Shore St. Francis 258 699 120 273 Nursing Homes: Gem Care Center Hebrew Home South Pointe Manor 189 102 220 Source: Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study, U.S. Corps of Engineers, 1991. Post Disaster Redevelopment Since the entire City is within the Coastal High Hazard Area, significant public acquisition and relocation of structures or infrastructure is not feasible. The City did not sustain major damage from Hurricane Andrew. Damage to signs, traffic lights, landscaping and beachfron t cabanas was the most widespread pattern, in addition to minor window and roofing damage. The County is continuing to improve the beach dune vegetation which should assist in creating a more stable dune area. VII-16 APPENDIX A FISH AND SHELLFISH SPECIES RECORDED DURING A 21-MO~TH CREEL SURVEY IN BISCAYNE BAY 1982-1983 G . important game or food specjes; R · reereatlonal species B · balt species U . undeslrable speeles G Tarpon (Megalops atlantlcus) G Boneflsh (Albula vulpes) G Snook (Centropomus undecimalls) G Rock hlnd (Eplnephelus adscen~lonls) G Red hlnd (Eplnephelus guttatul) G Jewfish (Eplnephelus itajara) G Red grouper (Eplnephelus modo) G Nassau grouper (Epinephelus sertatus) G Black grouper (Hycteroperea bonaei) G Gag grouper (Hycteroperca microlepis) G Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) G Cobias (fam. Rachycentridae) G Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) G Afrlcan pompano (Aleetrll cl11aris) G Greater amberjack (Serl01a dumerill) G Florlda pompano (Trachlnotu8 earollnus) G Permlt (Traehlnotus falcatus) G Snappers-(fam. Lut1anldae) G Hutton snapper (Lutjanus ana11s) G School master (Lutjanus apodus) G Gray/mangrove snapper (Lutjanus grlseus) G Dog snapper (Lutjanus joeu) G Mahogony snapper (I.utjanus II8hogoni) G Lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris) G Yellowtail Snapper (Ocyuru8 chrysurus) G Spotted seatrout (<:ynosc10n nebulosus) G Sheepshead (Archosurgus probatocephalus) G Hogf1sh (Lachnolaimus maxlmu8) G King mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) G Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus macu1atus) G Cero mackerel (Scolnberomorus ngaUs) G Gulf flounder (Paralichthys albigutta) G Spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) G Penaeid shrimp (Penaeus ap.) G Blue crab (Cal11nectes sapldus) R Ladyflsh (Elops saurus) R Sand perch (Diplectrum form08um) R Yellow jack (Caranx bantholo...i) R Blue runner (Caranx crysol) R Crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) R Horse-eye jack (Car~nx latus) R Bar jack (Carana ruber) R Rainbow runner (Elagatis bipinnulata) R Lookdown (Selene vomer) R Black drum (Pogonias cromis) R Sand drum (Umbrlna coroides) R Black margate (Anisotremus 8urinamens1s) R Hargate (Haemulon album) R Tomtate (Haemulon aurolineatum) R Caesar grunt (Raemu1on carbonar1um) R Smallmouch grunt (Haemulon chryaargyreum) R French grunt (Raemulon flavolineatum) R Spanish grunt (Raemulon macrostomum) R Sailor's choice (Haemulon parrai) R White grunt (Haemulon plumieri) R Blustriped gruDt (Haemulon sciurus) R Seabream (Archosargus rhomboidalts) R Grass porgy (Calamus arctifrons) R Jolthead porgy (Calamus bajonado) R Saucereye porgy (Calamus calamus) R Sheephead porgy (Calamus penna) R Spot tail pinfish (D1plodus holbrooki) R Bermuda chub (lyphosus sectatrix) R Atlantic spadeflsh (Chaetodipterul faber) R Great barracud. (Sphyraena barracuda) B Pilchard (Hareagula jaguana) B Atlantic thread herring (Opisthonema ollgnum) B Spanish sardine (Sardinella aurita) B Anchovies (fam. Engrau11dae) B Bigeye anchovy (Anchoa lamprotaenia) B Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) B Hardhead halfbeak (Chriodorus atherinoides) B Ballyhoo (Hemiramphus brasiliensis) B Pinfish (Lagondon rhomboidee) B Striped/black mullet (Hugil cephalus) B White mullet (Mugil curema) U Southern stingray (Uasyatls americana) U Atlantic guitarfish (Rhinobatos lentiginosus) U B1acknose shark (Carcharhlnus acronotus) U Blacktip shark (Car(:harhinus 11mbatus)- U J.emon shark (Negapr ton brevirostris) U Great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) U Bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) U lnshore Lizardfish (Synodus foetens) U H3rdhead catfish (Arius felis) U Gulf toadfish (Ariuro felis) U Nee~lefish (Strongylura sp.) U Houndfish (Tylosurus crocodilus) U Sand T1lefish (Halacanthus plumieri) U Sklpjack/leat~r jacket (Oligoplites saurus) U Silver jenny (Euc1nostomu8 gula) U Yellowfin majarra (Gerres cinereus) U Spotted goatfish CPseudupeneu8 maculatus) U Porkflsh (Anlsotremus v1rginicus) U Plgfi8h (Orthoprlstis ehrysoptera) U Queen angelfish (Holaeanthus cillaris) U Gray angelfi8h (2~maeanthu. areuatus) U Sergeant aa10r (A~udefdul 8axatil18) U Spanish hogfi8h (i.odianu8 rufu8) U Clown WraS8e (Haliehoeres aaeulivinna) U ~lue parrot fish (~earus eoeruleus) U Gauguanche (Sphyraena guaehaneho) U Doctorf18h (Acanthuru8 ehirurgus) U ~lue tang (Aeanthurus coerul~us (ol~e tang) U Scorpionfish (Scorpaena sp.) U Searobln (Prlnonotus sp.) U Peacock flounder (Bothum luna~us} U Lined sole (Achirus llneatue) U Gray trlggerflsh (Baliste8 capriscus) U Queen tr1ggerflsh (Ballstes vetulal U Black durgon (Kelichthys niger) U P1anehead fllef1sh (Honacanthus hlspidus) U Scrawled cowfi8h (LaetophrY8 qu.4~1conia) U Trunkfiah (Lactophrys rigonus) U Bandtai1 puffer (Sphoeroides spengleri) U Burrf1~h (Chilomycterus ap.) U SwilDlll1ng crab (Portunus sp.J 'U Squid (unidentified squid) U Octopue (unindentlcal octopus) Source: Berkeley (1984) APPENDIX B Birds of Biscavne Bav aDd the SurrouDdin2 Areas The following table lists the known species of birds within the Aquatic Preserve Management Area that includes the western portions of the City of Miami Beach. This list was prepared by Bruce D. Neville and A. Morton Cooper. Jr.. Board Members of the Tropical Audubon Society. Birds oC the Aauatic Preserve MaDI2emeDt Area Habitat/Use Open Waters Beaches cl Flats Mangroves Comments WADING BIRDS Herons: Great Blue Great White Green-backed Little Blue Tricolored Yellow-Crowned Night Black-Crowned Night F N,R (p,w) F color phase of Great Blue F N,F,R (p,w) F N (P.w) F N (P.w) F N.R (p, W) F F,R (w,r) Egrets: Great Snowy Cattle Reddish F F F F R R R R- (P.w) (P.w) (p,w) (p,r) Ibis: White Glossy Clapper Rail Roseate Spoonbill F F F N,R N,F,R R (p, w) (r) (p) (p)uncom Key: F - Feeding Habitat N - Nesting Habitat R - Roosting Habitat (r) Rarely seen, but known to be in APM Area (m) Migrates through the APM Area (w) Winters in the APM Area (5) Summers in the APM Area (p) Permanent residents (Many species that are here year round :He joined by sa me species for the winter thus enlarging the winter population over the permanent) IlWlt (Cant.) Habit::lt/Use Open Be:lches Wa ters & Flats Man2roves Comment ShoreBirds: Plovers: Semipalmatcd F.R (m.w) Wilson's F.N R (p) Black-bellicd F.R (m,w) Piping F (m) Killdeer F.R (m,w) Sandpipers: Spotted F.R (m,w) Solitary F.R (r,m) Pectoral F.R (m) Least F.R (m,w) Stilt F.R (m) Semipalmated F.R (m) Western F.R (m) Yellow-lcgs: Greater F.R (m.w) Lesser F.R (m,w) Ruddy Turnstone F.R (m. w ,s) Common Snipe (w) Whimbrel F (r,w) Willet F.R (p.m,w) Red Knot F (m.w) Dunlin F (w) Dowitchers: Short-billed F (w) Long-billed (r, w) Marbled Godwit F.R (r.m,w) Sanderling F.R (m.w) Black-necked Stilt N.F.R (5) Ractor! Bald Eagle F N (r) Il.Wh (Cont.) H:l bi t:lti Use Open Beaches Waters & Fla ts ManlZroves Comment$ Osprey F N,F,R N,R (p, w) Ha wks: Red-shouldered F N,F,R Red-tailed F (r) Broad-winged F F,R (m,w) Sharp-shinned F F,R (m,w) Cooper's F,R (r,m) Turkey Vulture F R (p,w) Northern Harrier F (w) Peregrine Falcon F,R (r ,m) Merlin F F,R (m,w) American Kestrel F F,R (m, w) Eastern Screech-Owl F,N (p,w) Waterfowl (Ducks, Geese, and Swans only) Red-breasted Merganser F R (w) Northern Shoveler R (r,w) American Coot F,R (m, w) Blue-winged Teal F F,R (m, w) SwimminR Birds Brown Pelican R R N,R (p,w) Magnificent Frigatebird F R (p,s) Dou ble-crested Cormorant F R N,R (p,w) Coomon Loon F,R (w) Gulls: Laughing F,R N,F,R (p,w) Ring-billed F,R F,R (w) Herring f,R f,R (w) Great Black-backed F,R F,R (r,w) Bonaparte's F,R F,R (r,w) Terns: Least F N,F,R (s) Royal F F,R (p,w) F onter's F F,R (w) Caspian F F.R (w) Sandwich F F,R (w) Gull-billed F F,R (r) BWIJ (Cont.) Habitat/Use Islands Opcn Bcaches Wa ten .t Ft ats Manuoves Comments Terns: (Cant.) Common F F.R (r) Black Skimmer F F.R (w) Picd-billed Grebe F.R (m.w) Perchinll Bird!. Sonllbirds. and Other! Warblers: Prairie N.F.R N.F.R (p.m.s) (Cuban) Yel10w N.F (5) Black-and- White F F (w) Northern Parula F F (w) Yellow-rumped F F (w) Y ellow-throa ted F F (w) Palm F (w) Common YeUowthroat F Cape May F (m) Black-throated Blue F (m) Blackpoll F (m) Northern Waterthrush F (m,w) American Redstart F (m.w) Black-whiskered Vireo N.F N,F (5) Belted Kingfisher F F.R F.R (w) Mangrove Cuckoo N.F.R N.F.R (r .5) Red-bellied Woodpecker N.F .R F (p) Yellow-bellied Sapsucker F F.R (w) Rock Dove F common pigeon White-crowned Pigeon F (r) Mourning Dove F Common Ground-dove F.N Yellow-billed Cuckoo F F (5) Smooth-billed Ani F Common Nighthawk F (s) Ru by-throated Hummingbird F (r) Pilcated Woodpecker F (r) Gray Kinlbird F F (5) Tree Swallow F F F (w) Barn Swallow F F F (m) Fish Crow F Northern Mockingbird F J1WlJ (Cont.) Habitat/Us, Open Waters Islands Beaches cl Flats Manuoves Comments Perchinll Birds. SonlZbirds. and Others (Cant.) Thrushes: Swainson's Gray-cheeked F F F F F F F F F F F (m) (m) (m) (w) Veery Blue-gray Gnatcatcher European Starling White-eyed Vireo House Sparrow Bobolink Red-winged Blackbird Grackles: (m) Boat-tailed Common F F F,N F F,N Northern Cardinal Sa vannah Sparrow (w) Note: This list of representative birds of the Aquatic Preserve Management Area was prepared by Bruce D. Neville and A. Morton Cooper, Jr., Board Members of the Tropical Audubon Society. This list of birds includes those species that live and/or migrate to the islands and waters within the city limits of Miami Beach. APPENDIX C: ENDANGERED, THREATENED, RARE AND WILDLIFE SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN Species Status Habitat Reasons for Concern Birds: Brown Pelican Threatened Apparently do not next in Former use ofDDT, human (N;U.S. Biscayne Bay; commonly disturbance of nest/roost T; Fl.) seen throughout the Bay; sites have caused decline roost on sand bars, pilings; elsewhere; fishing and feed in shallow waters near deliberate harassment are docks, piers local problems Bald Eagle Threatened Nests in tall trees in BNP Former pesticide uses, (E;U.S. and along mainland coast; destruction of coastal habitat T; Fl.) feed in Biscayne Bay and distur15ance of nests . throughout year have caused serious population decline Osprey Threatened Primarily nest in tree tops or Same as for eagle, local (N; U.s. on man-made structures numbers have remained T; Fl.) fairly stable Roseate Tern Threatened Forages on beaches and mud Rare (N;U.S. flats; nests in Keys T; Fl.) Least Tern Threatened Migrant; nests on open flat Development of beach, off- (N;U.S. beaches; locally nests on shore islands for recreation, T; Fl.) Virginia Key, spoil islands residential uses has and gravelly building roofs eliminated nesting areas used by this gregarious, ground-nesting species Roseate Spoonbill Rare Feed on concentrations of Have lost traditional feeding (N;U.S. fish, prawns at edge of Bay sites in south Biscayne Bay N;Fl.) and in mangroves; locally seen regularly about the Bay, frequently at Chapman Field Piping Plover Species of Outer beaches, extensive Heavy and increasing use of Special sand fills, large tidal sand habitat by humans Concern flats, mud flats (N;U.S. N;Fl.) Royal Tern Species of Harbors, estuaries, mouths Disturbance and destruction Special of rivers, sand shoals along of habitat (no nesting in Concern coast Dade County) (N; U.S. N; Fl.) VII-25 Sandwich Tern Species of Beaches, sand flats and bars, Formerly shot for plumes Special spoil islands, usually in and eggs, habitat Concern company of Royal Terns disturbance (no nesting in (N;U.S. Dade County N; Fl.) Black Skimmer Species of E~ndingn~tingrange Destruction of nesting Special southward, nests on gravel grounds on open beaches and Concern roofs and disturbed sites spoil islands (N;U.S. N;Fl.) Florida Burrowing Species of High sandy ground, prairies, Destruction of natural Special sandhills, pastures, open habitat Concern expanses (Le., airports, (N;U.S. campuses, etc.) N;Fl.) Mammals: Manatee Threatened Inhabit all ofBiscayne Bay, Threatened by propellers of (E;U.S. tends to concentrate near power boats, mutilation and T; Fl.) Chapman Field, Black Point habitat destruction; maiming and within the Coral Gables and killing in flood gate Waterway structures Reptiles: Atlantic Hawksbill Endangered Generally associated with Source of tortoise shell used Turtle (E;U.S. reef communities; seen in in jewelry increasing E; Fl.) Biscayne Bay demand; exploited for centuries Gopher Tortoise Threatened Dry, well-drained soils, Destruction of habitat (N;U.S. beach scrub, sand pine, T; Fl.) longleaf pine, turkey oak and live oak hammock Atlantic Loggerhead Threatened Nesting occurs on sandy Large numbers of young lost Turtle (N;U.S. beaches; inhabit temperate to nest destruction by T; Fl.) and subtropical waters such racoons; former nesting as Biscayne Bay beaches unsuitable due to erosion and development VII-26 en -4 Z G> ;Q m o :rJ m )> -of o Z Ao o " m z en " )> o - . I .., "" 01 0. 'Tl ur !:i ~ < 'f - I VIII. RECREATION and OPEN SPACE ELEMENT INVENTORY Table VIII-l provides an inventory of the recreation and open space facilities in Miami Beach. The numbers are keyed to Figure VIII-I. Table VIll-l: Recreation Facilities Analysis Bay Shore Golf Course (Map Location 1)* Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Belle Isle Park (Map location 2) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Alton Road and 23rd Street Special 149 acres (includes city nursery and maintenance headquarters 18 hole golf course with club house and tennis courts Moderate to heavy Added jogging/exercise course on perimeter and Class I bikeway Island Avenue on Belle Isle Neighborhood park 3.30 acres Landscaped passive park Light Maintain as a passive park Brittany Bay Park (Map Location 2A) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems and Opportunities: Collins Park (Map location 3) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Indian Creek Drive at 63rd Street Neighborhood Park 2.8 1 Vitacourse and passive open space Light Improve public access Collins Avenue at 21st and 22nd Streets Special, serves entire City 11.85 acres (including.46 beach) Art Museum; library and landscaped area; beach area Heavy use of beach area Integrate with new beach park concept and boardwalk * All map locations refer to Figure VII-2 VIll-2 Crespi Park (Map location 4) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Fairway Park (Map location 5) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Fisher Park (Map location 6) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Flamingo Park (Map location 7) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Crespi Blvd. and Hawthorne Avenue Mini-park 2.02 acres Storage and office Building; tot lot; softball field; 1 basketball court Light to moderate Re-design tot lot and re-Iandscape Fairway Drive and North Shore Drive Neighborhood park 4.48 acres Activity building- softball field; tot lot- 2 tennis courts; 2 shuffleboard courts; 1 basketball court Light to moderate Maintain current adequate functions West 50th Street and Alton Road Neighborhood Park 2.01 acres Tot lot; landscaped open space Light Maintain current adequate passive use From 11th to 15th Streets between Meridian Avenue and Alton Road District park 34.5 acres Activities building; swimming pool; tot lot; 17 tennis courts w/stadium and pro shop; 4 basketball courts; 1 unmarked field football stadium w/track; baseball stadium; 7 handball courts; 6 shuffleboard courts Very heavy use, averaging 2,000 people daily with peaks of up to 10,000 Extraneous uses in park, including parking and sheds/storage; the Flamingo Park Master Plan shows the opportunities VITI-4 Garden Center/Conservatory (Map location 8A) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: 19th Street and Convention Center Drive Special, serves entire City 4.13 acres Small Auditorium; offices; 7,000 sq. ft. greenhouse/conservancy and Holocost Memorial Light to moderate Possible link w/expanded 21st St. Community Center passive area; redesign for better public use La Gorce Country Club (Map location 8A) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems and Opportunities: Lummus Park (Map location 9) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Muss Park (Map location 11) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Alton Road at 56th Street Private Recreation Site 144.28 Golf Course, tennis, club house Heavy Private site Ocean Drive between 5th Street and 14th Place District Park 26.34 acres (includes 16.36 beach) 10th St. Community Center with auditorium and beach patrol offices. Ocean front auditorium w/dance patio serves as a community center Heavy 1989 improvement program Chase Avenue and 44th Street Neighborhood park 3.65 acres Activities building; tot lot, open play area, 1 tennis court, 2 basketball courts Very heavy, year round Park is in two parcels separated by Chase Avenue; possible expansion to provide room for fields Normandy Isle Park and Playground (Map location 12) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Normandy Isle and Trouville Esplanade Neighborhood park 3.6 acres Shelter w/25-yard pool; 2 soft ball fields; 1 basketball court; tot lot Moderate to heavy light use of shelter, pool not heated; program more activities Normandy Shores Golf Course (Map location 13) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Biarritz Drive Special 126 acres VIII -5 Golf course with clubhouse Moderate to heavy ,44,000 rounds in 1987 with heaviest use in the fall and spring Added jogging/exercise course and Class I bikeway on perimeter Normandy Shores Tennis Courts (Map location 14) Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: North Shore Drive Special 2.29 acres 4 tennis courts Light Install effective wind screen and! or planting on Bay side North Shore State Recreation Area (Map location 15) Collins Avenue between 79th and 87th Streets State-owned district park 34.61 acres (includes 7.6 beach) Deck area with chickees; board walk and walklbike path through natural vegetation Moderate Major vandalism at night; State would like to give park back to the City North Shore Park and Community Center (Map location 16) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Dickens Ave to Ocean between 72nd and 73rd Streets Neighborhood 17.22 acres (includes 1.84 beach) Activities building with multi-purpose hall, ceramics room; restrooms; tennis center; shop and locker; tot lot; lighted softball field with bleachers; 2 basket ball courts; 8 lighted shufile board courts; 15 lighted tennis courts; community center with 1 large multi- purpose room and band shell with stage and dressing rooms Very heavy use, year round Tennis court light poles make one basketball court unusable; wear and tear from heavy use on field area; redesign area around baseball field to improve utility; integrate with new beach concept possible site for controlled food concession or overnight camping facility Palm Island Park (Map location 17) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities Palm Avenue and Fountain Street Neighborhood Park 2.13 acres 3 tennis courts; 1 basketball court I handball court; small Field area; tot lot Light Add handball courts vm-6 Par 3 Golf Course (Map location 18) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Prairie Avenue and West 28th Street Special 25 acres Parking and golf facilities Moderate to heavy Parkview Island Park (Map location 18A) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems. and Opportunities: Pier Park (Map location 19) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Pine Tree Park (Map location 20) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Polo Park (Map location 21) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: South Shore Park (Map location 23) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Parkview Island Mini-park 0.80 Passive open space Light Maintain as passive park Ocean Drive and Biscayne Street to 1st Street Neighborhood Park 8.93 (includes 4.65 acres of beach) Parking with restrooms, restaurant Heavy to moderate Integrate into new beach concept with expansion as part of South Pointe Revevelopment Area Sftetoe. ReEle-.:dsl3meat 45th Street and Pine Tree Dri:ve Neighborhood Park 7.75 acres Water front property with natural vegetation and small parking lot; vita course Light Currently minimally developed with much disturbed vegetation; develop for low intensity use w/o disturbing natural vegetation; vita course needs maintenance. Needs rebuilding as a result of damage from Hurricane Andrew. S.W. 42nd Street and N. Meridian Avenue Neighborhood Park 4.11 acres Activities building; multi-use field; 3 tennis courts; 3 basketball courts Heavy Multipurpose building to be constructed as part of land swap with the Nautilus Middle School Biscayne Street and Alton Road Neighborhood Park 3.43 VIll-7 Facilities: Utilization: Problems and Opportunities: Wofford Park (Map location 24) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities- Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Stillwater Park (Map location 25) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Tatum Park (Map location 26) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Basketball courts, open space Light Integrate wi Miami Beach Marina 42nd Street and Pine Tree Drive Special 2.52 acres . Multi-use 2-story building built in 1941 rehabilitated in 1984; operated by JCC; soft ball field; tennis court Moderate Community service organization will expand operations HawthomeAvermeandS~waterDri~ Neighborhood Park 1.68 acres Activities building with storage, restrooms and covered patio; 1 multi-use field; 1 basketball court; tot-lot Heavy, year-round use Maintain adequate current functions 80th Street and Waterway Drive Mini-park 0.78 acres Activities building; tot-lot; 1 basketball court small field Light to moderate Activities building is closed should be opened to utilize space need more program activities Washington Park (Map location 27) (Ross Weiss Friendship Comer, Senior Citizens Vegetable Garden) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Youth Center (Map location 28) .Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Problems & Opportunities: 2nd Street and Washington Avenue Mini-park 1.40 acres Ross Weiss Friendship Comer: 2 shuffieboard courts; 2 bocce ball; tot-lot; small activity building. Senior Citizens Vegetable Garden: community garden. Washington Park: tot-lot; small building. Moderate to heavy Integrate with South Pointe Redevelopment Area Pine Tree Drive and W. 28th Street Special, serves entire City 2.75 acres Large activities building with basketball court/gym, 6 bowling lanes, arcade, billiards, ice skate rink, rap room, multi-purpose room, snack bar, lockers, 25- yard swimming pool; 3 tennis courts Maintain current activities with possible expansion VIII-8 21st Street Community Center (Map location 29) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Washington Avenue and 21st Street Community Center 2.46 acres Activity building with stage, band shell, ceramics room classrooms; small landscaped area Moderate to heavy Hemmed in by Collins Canal and parking lot; expand passive space with possible relocation of parking 35th-36th Street Open Space (Map location 30) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: 46th Street Park (Map location 31) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: 53rd Street Park (Map location 32) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: 65th Street Park (Map location 33) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: 35th-36th Street and Collins Avenue Special, serves entire City 1.15 (including 0.14 beach) Parking and beach area Moderate to heavy Integrated with new beach boardwalk 46th Street and Collins Avenue Special, serves entire City 6.49 acres (including 1.71 beach) Parking and beach access Moderate to heavy Integrated with new beach boardwalk and beach concept 53rd Street and Collins Avenue Special, serves entire City 4.33 acres (includes 1.1 beach) Parking and beach access Moderate to heavy Integrate with new beach concept 65th Street and Collins Avenue Special, serves entire City 3.04 (including 1.05 beach) Parking, grass and beach areas Moderate to heavy Integrate with new beach concept 75th Street Library - Ocean Terrace (Map location 34) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: 75th Street and Ocean Terrace Special 3.64 acres (including 2.49 beach) Library operated by Dade county; parking; grass and beach areas Moderate to heavy Integrate with new beach concept new beach boardwalk and chickees VIll-9 Biscayne Elementary-Community School (Map location 35) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: 77th Street and Tatum Waterway Drive Neighborhood Park 5.47 acres Multi-use hard courts; play field; artificial 'mountain' Light to moderate Redesign artificial 'mountain' and adjacent areas FisherlFienberg Elementary School (Map location 36) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: 14th Street and Washington Avenue Neighborhood park 5.93 acres Multi-use court; play field; gymnasium, urban park Heavy during school year Possible redesign of outdoor space Miami Beach Senior High-Community School (Map location 38) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Dade Boulevard and Prairie Avenue Neighborhood park 4.0 acres Multi-use courts and play field Heavy during school year Possible expansion and joint public use of new fields Nautilus Middle School (Map location 39) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: N. Michigan Avenue and W. 43rd Street Neighborhood park 2.7 acres Multi-use courts Heavy use during school year Swapped with a portion of Polo Park North Beach Elementary School (Map location 40) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Prairie Avenue and W. 41st Street Neighborhood park 5.0 acres Multi-use court- play field Heavy during school year Integrate with redesigned Muss Park South Pointe Elementary School (Map location 41) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: 3rd Street and Lennox Avenue Mini-park 1. 7 acres Multi-use court and open area Heavy during school year Vandalism VIII-IO Island View Park (Map Location 42) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Purdy Avenue and 18th Street Neighborhood 3.43 acres Boat launch ramp with two adjacent fishing piers, picnic tables, tot lot, parking for cars and boat trailers Moderate Opened in 1987 with convenient boat launch for wide service area use; Marine Patrol headquarters South Pointe Park (Map Location 43) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Government Cut and Atlantic Ocean Special use district park 17 acres Promenade along jetty, amphitheater restaurant, 2 two- story observation towers, exerciselvita course, tot lot, dune boardwalk, stable for police horses, parking for cars, 3 picnic shelters, 25 picnic tables 10 picnic grills, 3 bike racks, 12 water fountain Heavy Amphitheater (damaged by Hurricane Andrew) is used in conjunction with civic activities, special view of all types of watercraft in Government Cut; connects with fishing pier Miami Beach Sunshine Fishing Pier (Map Location 44) Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Government Cut at north jetty Special use facility 0.8 acres 1 saltwater fishing pier 4751. ft. Moderate to heavy Connects with South Pointe Park via promenade; ideally boardwalk would connect with Lummus Park, i.e.. 21st through 46th Streets; see next item Beach Front Park.. Promenade (Map Location 45) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: Beachfront between 21st and 46th Streets Special use facility 0.80 acres 1.8 miles of natural wood boardwalk with shade pavilions along Atlantic Ocean Heavy use especially on week-ends Plans to eventually link with Lummus Park and South Pointe may not be achievable due to State environmental policies VIll-ll Miami Beach Sail Port (Map Location 46) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: 6800 Indian Creek Drive Special use facility 0.54 land acreage, 0.29 water Sailing Classroom facility with storage areas, sailboats, and dock Not surveyed Built by City, operation by private firm to teach sailing Miami Beach Marina (Map Location 48) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: 300 S. Alton Road Special use facility 17.7 land acres, 28.5 water 400 slip facility with club house and parking Heavy especially on week-ends Ideal location provides access to Biscayne Bay and Atlantic Ocean Ocean Beach Park (Map Location 49) Location: Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization. Problems & Opportunities: Ocean Drive between 2nd and 3rd Streets Neighborhood Park 3.2 acres Restrooms, landscaped park area with shade trees and 400 linear feet of beachfront Moderate to heavy especially on week-ends Possible re-design to accommodate new restrooms. Integrate with new beach concept. Connect to Lummus park to the north and integrate with South Shore Redevelopment ~ Location: Flagler Memorial Island (Map Location 50) Park Type: Acreage: Facilities: Utilization: Problems & Opportunities: ANALYSIS Biscayne Bay-between Star Island and Venetian Causeway Special use facility 3.33 acres Landscaping and monument Not surveyed Only access is by water, possible site for bird sanctuary Existing Level of Service Table VIII-I shows 1,156 acres of recreation and open space. This total includes 224 acres in ornamental open space and 206 acres of ocean beach conservation area, i.e., an open space total of 430 acres. Using the recreation and open space figure of 1,156, this indicates there are 10.6 acres of recreational and open space facilities per 1,000 persons (permanent population plus 20 percent of the seasonal population). Pulling out the 430 acres of "open space" from the total, the remaining 726 acres results in an existing "recreation" level of service acreage of6.9. VDI-12 Adequacy of Existing Facilities The above Level of Service figure is considerably higher than the commonly used national standard of 3.0 acres per 1,000. Therefore, qualitative assessment becomes more significant than quantitative. The City has identified eight primary recreation user groups: 1. Elderly-single: lower income 2. Young couples: middle income 3. Families with children: higher income 4. Spanish extended families: middle income 5. Tourist families: North American and European origin 6. Tourist families: Latin origin 7. Second home owner: high income 8. Conventioners A 1988 matrix analysis indicated that all eight groups are served by the existing facilities. The principal need is adequate facilities and maintenance at the existing parks. For example, several mini-parks are to be expanded and Pine Tree Park is proposed for upgrading. Future Needs With no significant population increase projected, the existing park acreage will be adequate. Again, the future need will continue to be primarily that of upgrading existing facilities as noted in the Problems and Opportunities statements for each park in the facilities inventory in Table VIII-1. VIII-I3 IX. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION ELEMENT INVENTORY The following provides a list of the entities with which Miami Beach coordinates in implementing this plan. The Analysis section of this Element outlines the nature of the intergovernmental relationship and the City office with prime responsibility for the coordination. Adjacent Municipalities: Miami North Bay Village Surf Side Dade County: Planning Department DERM Water and Sewer Department Office of Community and Economic Development Visitors and Convention Authority Office of Emergency Management Metro-Dade Transit Agency Public Works Department and MPO Parks Department Unsafe Structures Board Biscayne Bay Shoreline Development Review Committee Regional: South Florida Regional Planning Council South Florida Water Management District State: Department of Community Affairs Department of Transportation Department of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Regulation Division of Historic Resources Other: Dade County School Board Miami Beach Housing Authority Miami Beach Development Corporation Miami DeSIgn Preservation League Florida Trust for Historic Preservation Dade Heritage Trust Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development ANALYSIS The following provides an analysis of the intergovernmental coordination process using prime issues from the various elements to show the nature of the relationships, the City IX-2 office with responsibility, the effectiveness of the mechanisms, special coordinating boards and recommendations. Future Land Use Element Issue #1: Redevelopment/Revitalization Issue Focus: Redevelop South Pointe Redevelopment Area (south of 6th Street). (1) Description: The City of Miami Beach has adopted a redevelopment plan for the South Pointe Redevelo.pment Area neighborhood. (2) Existing Method of Coordination: The City Director of Development, Design and Historic Preservation Services coordinates with all prospective redevelopers. (3) Nature of Relationship: The City of Miami Beach has the authority to control land uses within the South Pointe Redevelopment Area within the confines of the Redevelopment Statute, the adopted plan for ~ South Pointe Redevelo1>ment ~ and the City's Comprehensive Plan. For example, the Dade County School Board has constructed a new school in the area. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: Miami Beach Department of Development, Design and Historic Preservation Services. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanisms: The State mandated review process has worked well for the planning phase of the South Pointe Redevelopment Area project as evidenced by the new school. (6) Deficiencies and Needs: See above. (7) Recommendations: The City should initiate periodic jomt meetings with County and State officials to develop agreements to facilitate the redevelopment of the South Pointe Redevelo..pment Area. Specifically this would involve (a) improved relations with the Dade County Unsafe Structures Board to facilitate demolition of unsafe buildings and (b) transportation, water and sewer assistance. (8) Outside Coordinating entities: Unsafe Structures Board, DOT, DNR, Dade County School Board and DCA. Issue Focus: Revitalize the North Shore and Normandy Isle neighborhoods of Miami Beach. (1) Description: The North Shore and Normandy neighborhoods have been declining both economically and physically. The City has shifted its planning efforts from the southern portions of Miami Beach to improvements of the northern neighborhoods, something that has been virtually non-existent. (2) Existing method of coordination: The City has begun to shift housing and community development programs to the northern neighborhoods. (3) Nature of Relationship: Agencies such as the Miami Beach Development Corporation and the Housing Authority are now focusing on North Shore. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: Miami Beach Department of Development, Design and Historic Preservation Services. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanisms: Significant improvement since 1987. IX-3 (6) Deficiencies and needs: Need to maintain attention here as well as South Beach. (7) Recommendations: Establish a multi-agency North Shore improvement task force or development corporation. (8) Outside Coordinating entities: Dade County OCED; State DOT; State DNR (North Shore Open Space Park). Issue #2: Convention Center Hotel Issue Focus: Facilitate the realization of a convention hotel to serve the expanded Miami Beach Convention Center. (1) Description: The Miami Beach Convention Center recently underwent a major expansion. Although owned by the City, marketing has been taken over by a County-wide entity. However, the Center needs a convention hotel to strengthen its marketing and the City's economy would benefit from such a hotel. (2) Existing Method of Coordination: The City has been working with both the County and developers to put together a hotel development package. (3) Nature of Relationship: See above. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: City Manager's Office. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanisms: A hotel development is now pending before the City. (6) Deficiencies and Needs: The existing method of coordination is sufficient to meet the needs of the City. (7) Recommendations: The City sees no need to change the existing mechanism at this time. (8) Outside Coordinating Entities: Greater Miami Convention and Visitors' Bureau. Traffic Circulation Element Issue #1: Infrastructure Improvements Issue Focus: Bridge Repair and Replacement. (1) Description: Since Miami Beach is an island community, there are many bridges and causeways and their condition is of critical concern. Many islands have only one bridge for residents to enter and exit, therefore their maintenance must be kept up faithfully before problems arise. There are five pedestrian bridges and forty-five vehicular bridges in Miami Beach. (2) Existing Method of Coordination: The 1988 Transportation Improvement Program for Dade County (TIP), specifies proposed transportation improvements to be implemented in Dade County over the next five years. The Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is responsible for coordinating local and state transportation plans and programs and produces the Transportation Improvement Program. The TIP is periodically evaluated by the MPO and is updated as necessary. IX-4 The State DOT is responsible for bridge repair and replacement, and at the present time, seven bridges are either under construction or are proposed in the near future (the MacArthur Causeway was just completed). (3) Nature of Relationship: See above. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: State DOT. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanisms: Improvements are slow as a result of insufficient State funding for bridge replacement and repair. (6) Deficiencies and Needs: See #5 above. (7) Recommendations: The State Legislature should appropriate additional funding for bridge infrastructure improvements. (8) Outside Coordinating entities: City of Miami Beach Public Works Department, Dade County Planning Department (MPO); State DOT; State Legislature. Mass Transit Element Issue #1: Create rail mass transit in Miami Beach Issue focus: Rail mass transit link to mainland Miami. (1) Description: Dade County is responsible for the operation of the mass transit system, including Metrobus, Metrorail, and the Metro mover. Miami Beach is served by Metrobus only, and the City desires a rail transit link between major hotel areas, the Convention Center, and downtown Miami. The State provided funding for the preparation of a light rail transit feasibility study while the County mass transit plan calls for a Metrorail extension into the City. (2) Existing method of coordination: The City established a technical advisory group comprised of representatives of the City of Miami Beach and Miami, FDOT, Dade County Planning Department, Dade County Traffic Operations, law enforcement officials, and the Metro Dade Transit Agency to study the light rail project. After defeat of the light rail project by a referendum, the Committee disbanded. (3) Nature of Relationship: Now simply informal relationship with MPO and Metro Dade Transit Agency. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: City of Miami Beach City Manager's Office. (5) Effectiveness of Coordinating Mechanisms: Effective for now. (6) Deficiencies and Needs: If either of the two projects is activated, the formal committee should be reactivated. (7) Recommendations: No change for now. (8) Outside coordinating entities: FDOT, Dade County Planning, MPO and Metro Dade Transit Agency. Housing Element Issue #1: Encourage increased housing opportunities for young professionals and families IX-5 (1) Description: One of the primary problems facing Miami Beach in regard to its goal to attract young professionals and families is the lack of suitable housing opportunities. Rehabilitation of multifamily buildings including increasing the size of units needs to be encouraged as well as demolition of unsafe and dilapidated structures which.detract from the positive image the City wishes to establish. Also, opportunities for townhouse development must be created. (2) Existing method of coordination: See #3. (3) Nature of Relationship: Federal Community Development Block Grant monies have been used to provide incentives for multifamily rehabilitation. Also, the City-assisted Miami Beach Development Corporation (MBDC) has undertaken multifamily rehab projects. Joint efforts are planned to achieve townhouse development in the South Pointe Redevelopment Area. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: Miami Beach Department of Design, Development and Historic Preservation. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanisms: Increasingly well coordinated multifamily rehab and townhouse program. (6) Deficiencies and Needs: The need to implement the latest City housing plan (CHAS) by achieving townhouse construction plus adaptive reuse of small unit housing structures. (7) Recommendations: Aggressive and coordinated City and MBDC programming. (8) Outside Coordinating entities: HUD, Dade County Unsafe Structures Board, DCA, MBDC. Issue #2: Low income housing (1) Description: As is discussed in the Housing Element, Miami Beach is seriously lacking (3,000 unit deficit) in adequate low income housing. (2) Existing method of coordination: The Miami Beach Housing Authority is responsible for administering the Section 8 program in the City. Although Authority members are appointed by the City Commission, in the past they have functioned as an independent authority, often not following recommended municipal policies. Coordination has involved City attendance at Authority meetings and some informal coordination between the City housing staff and Housing Authority staff. This has recently resulted in increased cooperation as evidenced by a memorandum of agreement for a joint-City Authority program to provide support services to Section 8 households. (3) Nature of Relationship: See #2 above. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: Miami Beach Housing Authority. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanisms: Recently improved effectiveness. (6) Deficiencies and Needs: None at this time. (7) Recommendations: Implement the new City-Authority agreement. (8) Outside Coordinating Entities: U.S. Department of Housing ana Urban Development, Miami Beach City Manager's Office, HRS. IX-6 Sanitary Sewer, Solid Waste, Drainage, Potable Water, and Groundwater Recharge Element Issue #1: Sanitary Sewer Issue Focus: Continued adequate service (1) Description: The City of Miami Beach is completely dependent on the Virginia Key Wastewater Treatment Plant and trunk line for the collection and treatment of all wastewater; this system currently has major trunk line capacity problems. (2) Existing Method of Coordination: The Miami Beach Public Works Department coordinates with the Dade County Water and Sewer Department (W ASD) to provide sanitary sewer wastewater removal. (3) Nature of Relationship: The Miami Beach Public Works Department is responsible for maintenance of sanitary sewer lines and pumping stations within the City and W ASD is responsible for operation of the Virginia Key Wastewater Treatment Plant and intervening trunk lines. Ajoint use agreement is the coordinating mechanism. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: Locally, the Miami Beach Public Works Department. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanisms: Sanitary sewer lines within the City are inspected and maintained or replaced as needed by the City. The operation of the wastewater plant and trunk line must meet state and federal guidelines to ensure safe and healthy operation; currently the trunk line does not. (6) Deficiencies and Needs: Currently there are no deficiencies within the City collection system or County treatment system. The modest projected population growth for Miami Beach will not overburden the plant; the challenge is to correct the County trunk line problem and the lift the service agreement moratorium although it does not have a significant practical impact on the City. (7) Recommendations: The City should continue to improve and maintain sewer mains while working closely with W ASD to monitor the trunk line problem. (8) Outside Coordinating Entities: Dade County Water and Sewer Department (WASD) Dade County Environmental Resource Management Department (DERM), State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). Issue #2: Potable Water Issue Focus: ContiilUed Adequate Service (1) Description: The City of Miami Beach is completely dependent on the County supply and treatment plant system for potable water. (2) Existing Method of Coordination: The Miami Beach Public Works Department coordinates with the Dade County Water and Sewer Department (W ASD) and Surfside. (3) Nature of Relationship: The Miami Beach Public Works Department is responsible for maintenance of water lines and pumping stations within the City and WASD is responsible for operation of the water supply and treatment IX. 7 system. Miami Beach provides potable water to S:urfside through pumping stations. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: Miami Beach Public Works Department. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanisms: Potable water lines and pumping stations within the City are inspected and maintained or replaced as needed by the City. The operation of the water supply and treatment system is conducted by W ASD in accordance with state and federal guidelines to ensure safe and healthy operation. (6) Deficiencies and needs: Currently there are no deficiencies within the system. The limited projected population growth for Miami Beach will not overburden the facility . (7) Recommendations: The City of Miami Beach in conjunction with Surf side, along with Dade County and other municipalities should continue to monitor conditions in the west Dade groundwater recharge area to ensure that future potable water supplies are not threatened by development. (8) Outside Coordinating Entities: Dade County Water and Sewer Department (WASD), Dade County Environmental Resource Management Department (DERM), South Florida Water Management District, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). Conservation/Coastal Zone Element Issue #1: Protection and enhancement of the beachfront conservation area. (1) Description: Miami Beach is a barrier island with over _7 miles of oceanfront. The Army Corps of Engineers Beach renourishment program has added 206 acres of sandy beach to the City's shore. The State of Florida actually owns the beach. (2) Existing Method of Coordination: The City and State have adopted a management agreement related to development and maintenance of the beach. The various State and County agencies deal on an informal basis with the City of Miami Beach planning staff on matters related to the beach. (3) Nature of Relationship: Several different agencies are responsible for varying aspects of the beachfront conservation area. The State Department of Environmental Protection approves coastal construction, including the boardwalk and dune walkovers. The Bureau of State Lands owns the beach. The Dade County Department of Resources Management was the agency primarily responsible for revegetating the beach and constructing the dune crossovers. The Dade County.Parks Department maintains the majority of the beach. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: State of Florida Bureau of State Lands. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanisms: Even with the myriad of agencies involved in the City's beachfront, the existing mechanisms for coordination have proven satisfactory. (6) Deficiencies and Needs: The City of Miami Beach should have more authority with decisions that affect the beach. For example, one priority has been the extension of the beachfront promenade north of the Fontainebleau and south of IX-8 22nd Street. Opposition from the State has stalled any extension of the promenade and State funding has not been granted. A second area in which the City's input needs to be addressed is in North Shore State Recreation Area. The State recently assumed responsibility for this park but now they want to give it back to the City. (7) Recommendations: It is recommended that a multi-agency task force be established comprised of those agencies with responsibilities over the beach to meet on a regular basis to develop coordinated priorities for the future of the beach. (8) Outside Coordinating entities: Dade County DERM, City of Miami Beach, Army Corps of Engineers, State DEP, Dade County Parks Department. Issue #2: Hurricane Planning Issue focus: Ensure safe and coordinated evacuation in the event of a hurricane. (1) Description: Miami Beach is an island and a Coastal High Hazard Area. In the event of a Category 1 or greater storm, evacuation to the mainland is required. (2) Existing method of coordination: The Miami Beach Fire Department coordinates with the Dade County Office of Emergency Management, Red Cross, National Hurricane Center and Metro Dade Transit Agency if a hurricane approaches South Florida. (3) Nature of Relationship: Formal relationship including annual practice drills run by Dade County; mutual aid agreements with City of Miami and Metro Dade, and required evacuation plans for hospitals and nursing homes. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: Miami Beach Fire Department. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanisms: The existing coordination mechanisms worked well during Hurricane Andrew. (6) Deficiencies and Needs: None; there was adequate time to prepare for evacuation between the order and the time Hurricane Andrew storm actually hit. (7) Recommendations: The City should, in conjunction with other agencies, continue to conduct practice evacuation drills and maintain regular communications, both formal and informal, with the Dade County Office of Emergency Assistance. (8) Outside coordinating entities: Metro-Dade Office of Emergency Management, Metrobus, public safety personnel from Miami and Dade County, School Board, Miami Beach hospitals and nursing homes. Recreation and Open Space Element Issue #1: Improvement of Recreational Facilities Issue Focus: Financing (1) Description: The City of Miami Beach has adequate land devoted to recreation and open space. Many of the facilities are old; however, and equipment and staffing are not sufficient to meet the needs of an increasing number of families with children. Many of the understaffed and under-equipped playgrounds are IX-9 currently being used as after-school daycare centers or "baby-sitters" for latchkey children. (2) Existing method of coordination: The City has dedicated property to the School Board in the past for parks adjacent to the various public schools. Any other methods of coordination between the City and the Dade County School Board have more or less functioned on an informal basis, with the exception of the new South Beach Elementary School. (3) Nature of Relationship: See above. (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: City of Miami Beach Recreation Division. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanism: The lack of coordination to address the issues of after-school and daycare programs has seriously hindered the City in providing adequate recreational opportunities for children. (6) Deficiencies and Needs: As the younger family population continues to increase, there will be a need for the City to provide additional facilities and staffing for its playgrounds. Financial assistance is needed to accomplish these objectives. (7) Recommendation: One possible solution to investigate is the possibility that the Dade County School Board can provide funding for staffing of playground programs to be used as cash-matches required for State grants for additional recreational equipment. (8) Outside coordinating entities: Dade County School Board, State Department of Environmental Protection. Historic Preservation Element Issue: Historic Preservation Issue focus: Protect, restore, and promote architecturally significant buildings in Miami Beach. (1) Description: The City of Miami Beach contains the largest concentration of twentieth century resort architecture in the United States. Efforts must continue to ensure the preservation, restoration, and reuse of these buildings not only for the sake of preservation itself but for the enhancement of the viability of the Art Deco District as a major tourist attraction and residential community. (2) Existing method of coordination: The City of Miami Beach is responsible for governing the rehabilitation (design review) of historic structures in accordance with the U.S. Secretary of Interior's guidelines, and is responsible for recommending approval or denial of demolition permits to the City's Historic Preservation Board. The Office of the Secretary of State provides funding to the City to carry out preservation activities. Dade County has also been directly involved through its initial inventory of the District and through the Dade Office of Economic and Community Development's funding of facade improvements on Washington Avenue, Espanola Way, and Lincoln Road. (3) Nature of Relationship: The funding relationships are generally developed in the form of contracts and memoranda of agreement. Many informal relationships also exist via membership in the Miami Design Preservation League (MDPL), Miami Beach Development Corporation, Florida Trust for Historic Preservation, etc. IX-IO (4) Office with Primary Responsibility: Miami Beach Planning and Zoning Department of Design, Development and Historic Preservation. (5) Effectiveness of Coordination Mechanisms: They are generally effective. (6) Deficiencies and Needs: There are many organizations - public, private, and quasi-public, with varying goals and objectives regarding the specifics of preservation in Miami Beach. There should be more attempts to build a consensus among these groups as to a realistic economic approach to historic preservation. (7) Recommendations: The City of Miami Beach has included by ordinance representatives from the Dade Heritage Trust, MDPL, and an architectural historian within the Historic Preservation Board. Formal interaction among the various groups and agencies involved in the District is perhaps less important than an ongoing informal effort to build a consensus among the various groups. (8) Outside coordinating entities: City of Miami Beach Historic Preservation Board, Dade County Office of Economic and Community Development, State Historic Preservation Office, Dade Heritage Trust, Florida Trust, MBDC, MDPL, Art Deco Developers, Lincoln Road CDC, Ocean Drive Task Force, City of Miami Beach Department of Economic and Community Development. IX-ll X. CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT ELEMENT INTRODUCTION The purpose of this element is to determine the cost of any major City public facility improvements recommended in the various elements for implementation during the five years following adoption of this plan and demonstrate the ability to fund those improvements. These projects are needed to address existing "deficiencies," achieve facility "replacement" or contribute to the general "improvement" of Miami Beach; since no significant growth is expected, no projects are prompted by future "growth needs." Some other proposed major capital projects are also inventoried to give a full picture offiscal planning implications. A capital improvement is defined here as a non-recurring City-financed physical improvement project at least $25,000 in magnitude. DATA INVENTORY Public Facility Needs Table X-I lists those projects identified in the various elements as desirable for Miami Beach. It also indicates the nature of the project, i.e., most of them are improvements to the facilities within the City although a few are replacements of existing facilities. None can be attributed to deficiencies in the level of service. In all cases, the source of the funding estimate is the sponsoring department. Educational and Public Health Facilities Figures X-I through X-3 show the public schools and their service areas. All of the schools are adequately served by public water and sewer lines. Although four hospitals are located within the City, all are private rather than public facilities. The public hospital complex is located in Miami. Existing Revenue Sources and Funding Mechanisms The following is a list of revenue sources which can potentially be used to pay for capital improvements, i.e., they are not earmarked for specific operating budget items: General Fund: . Ad valorem taxes . Franchise taxes on utilities . Utility taxes . Permits and license fees . Cigarette tax . Local option gaS tax . Motor fuel tax . Liquor licenses . 1/2 cent sales tax . Charges for services/user fees . Fines . Interest earnings . Rents and leases X-2 i _ORTH TO ,~ . I . I . I z . c I - . u I 0 . I . , I · I I I · . I . I i.V . / Z- . I:. . /.,- . .~, ! ~"'- . . I . -'~-~~~l. _ ',~ 1 '0 ',I . /. /. /. /. ~ /. --//., ",,' . ....,- !'='I · . --'. 4 ~ ~5t" S7:O NAUTILUS JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Q CITY OF MIAMI 8 E AC H tlm_am_ ~~ o '. '2 , I I "'lESI JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICT BOUNDRIES Fig. X-2 :~lCRT.. -:'0 'lW I . , . I . I : . , ! I: .~\ J , 0 \ , I \ \ ~ ; . ; , I · I . I . I . I /. /. /. /. /. .~ . --:-/ ' ~II:~ ...--~ II'. ;;:'Ie _ "". - ':'0-.:1.~I~, ',::' \_':'"'~~ . I I:' I 4 ~ .it) · .. I , .J ~ . ':l I 1) . I .. . 2 I ~ ~ JJ ""'" . '" . -. iWES.T TO 1.95 r . "'''''AII ~ tlm.urn. ~~ .Oln 5Ti=l MIAMI BEACH SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Q CITY OF MIAMI BEACH 0 . I . I : I I . ""lE S I SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICT BOUNDRIES Fig.. X-3 Table X-I: Projects from the Other Elements Public Facilities: Bass Museum expansion Improvement $16,200,000 North Shore activity center Replacement 98,000 Community Revitalization: Cobb project acquisition/demolition Improvement 7,971,000 Sculling facility Improvement 720,000 Beach Wheelway Improvement 150,000 North Shore streetscape project Improvement 5,000,000 Espanola Way extension Improvement 1,680,000 Lincoln Boulevard improvements Improvement 6,000,000 Streetscaping ofbeachfront streetends Improvement 2,160,000 Parking: 75th Street lot expansion Deficiency 150,000 Parks: Park improvements, misc. Replacement 680,000 Landscaping of 5 streets and 3 parks Improvement 2,057,000 Public Works: 10" sanitary sewer force main, Palm-Star Improvement 137,000 Biscayne Street extension Improvement 3,587,000 10" sanitary sewer force main, subaqueous, Palm-Star Improvement 140,000 10" sanitary sewer force main, subaqueous, Star-lOth-West Replacement 240,000 Upgrade mechanical pumps Replacement 2,000,000 8" water main, subaqueous, Sunset Replacement 100,000 Water pump station, Terminal Is. Replacement 910,000 Normandy Isle Barricades Improvement 300,000 20" water main, MacArthur Causeway Improvement 397,000 20" water main, MacArthur Causeway Improvement 1,200,000 16" water main, subaqueous, Biscayne Pt. Replacement 188,000 8" water main, 24th, 24 Terr, 26th Improvement 378,000 12" water main, Star Isle Improvement 235,000 Sewer force main, Alton, etc. Replacement 239,000 Street light master plan implementation Improvement 4,500,000 12" water main, Washington Replacement 383,000 Sanitary sewer replacement, Michigan and Lenox Replacement 430,000 · Resort tax · Management fees Enterprise Funds: X-6 · Parking fund · Sewer fund · Water fund · Solid waste fund · Stormwater fund Bonds: · General obligation · Revenue State and Federal Grants ANALYSIS Current Public Facility Planning Practice Based upon department submittals, a five-year capital program is prepared by the Planning and Historic Preservation Division in conjunction with the City Manager's office for review by the Technical Review Committee and the Planning Board (~view and public hearing), and then City Commission adoption. The capital program includes proposed projects and revenue sources for five years. A needs assessment process involves the departments which use the facility or improvement, the department which manages the construction of the improvement and City Manager's office. City departments and agencies submit proposed capital projects to the Division for compilation in the capital program. The program includes project descriptions, justification, cost estimates and the year the project is needed. The following criteria are used by the Division and review bodies to select projects for placement in the five-year capital program: 1. Maintain, repair and replace prior infrastructure investments in order to maintain level of service standards. 2. Provide infrastructure concurrent with the impact of development. 3. Provide capital improvements to facilitate redevelopment. 4. Undertake projects that improve the economic base and quality of life within the City. X-7 FISCAL IMPLICATIONS OF FACILITY NEEDS AND LAND USE PLAN The needs, deficiencies and replacements identified in each of the plan elements when examined in the context of the Future Land Use Plan, suggest the following issues and priorities; the projects themselves are found in the preceding Data section. 1. Water and Sewer Fees: Water and sewer charges for these enterprise funds are important because of the need to replace components of the water distribution and sewage collection system. 2. Property Taz Base Because the General Fund is the prime source of funds for many of the community revitalization projects, the Future Land Use Plan rightly emphasizes the need to protect and expand the tax base since ad valorem taxes are a large revenue source for this fund. 3. Parking Because the need for additional parking facilities is so critical to the City's continued revitalization, the parking enterprise fund is particularly important and must be used only for parking. PUBLIC HEALTH AND EDUCATION PLANS No public health facilities are planned. One new school is planned, the $14,000,000 Nautilus Middle School; it is served by public water and sewer. TIMING AND LOCATION OF CAPITAL PROJECTS The City intends to continue the current practice relative to the timing and location of public improvement projects. Essentially, these priorities are two-fold and they support the Future Land Use Element. 1. Replacement 2. Redevelopment 3. Improvement Examples of replacement include refurbishing utility mains and pumps plus park facility upgrading. Redevelopment includes land acquisition and demolition in the South Pointe Redevelopment Area. Improvement includes the circle range of streetscape, parking facility and beach improvements that contribute to the vitality of the City. FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS X-8 Table X-2 shows a projection of the City's revenues and expenditures. This projection is in keeping with recent (1981-1992) patterns. Table X-2: Revenues and Expenditure Projections Actual Projections 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 Revenues: Taxes & Franchise Fees $50,685,271 $53,219,535 $55,880,551 $58,674,537 $61,608,264 $64,688,677 Licenses & Permits 5,029,525 5,281,001 5,545,051 5,822,304 6,113,419 6,419,090 Intergovernmental 7,670,111 8,053,617 8,456,297 8,879,112 9,323,068 9,789,221 Enterprise Fund & Management Fees 5,471,833 5,745,425 6,032,696 6,334,331 6,651,047 6,983,600 Interfund Transfers 7,123,030 7,479,182 7,853,141 8,245,798 8,658,087 9,090,992 TOTAL $75,979,770 $79,778,759 $83,767,696 $87,956,081 $92,353,885 $96,971,580 Expenditures: Public Safety $43,137,159 $45,294,017 $47,558,718 $49,936,654 $52,433,486 $55,055,161 RecJCulture/Parks 9,096,491 9,551,316 10,028,881 10,530,325 11,056,842 11,609,684 Administration 6,974,032 7,322,734 7,688,870 8,073,314 8,476,979 8,900,828 Public Works 4,334,626 4,51,357 4,778,925 5,017,871 5,268,765 5,532,203 BuildinglDevelopment Services 4,950,604 5,198,134 5,458,041 5,730,943 6,017,490 6,318,365 Unclassified 8,651,284 9,083,848 9,538,041 10,014,943 10,515,690 11,041,474 TOTAL $77,144,196 $81,001,406 $85,051,476 $89,304,050 $93,769,252 $98,457,715 Source: Robert K Swarthout, Incorporated. X-9 'l< The 1992-1993 millage rate is 11.847 consisting of 9.302 mills for the general operating budget and 2.545 mills for debt service. This reflects almost no change from 1991-1992 and forms the basis for the ad valorem tax revenue projection in Table X-3. Table X-3: Ad Valorem Tax Projections Assessed Ad Valorem Fiscal Year Property Value Collection 1992(1) $3,969,036,299 $3,730,894,121 1993 4,167,488,113 3,917,438,826 1994 4,375,862,518 4,113,310,766 1995 4,594,677,643 4,318,976,304 1996 4,824,388,425 4,534,925,119 1997 5,065,607,845 4,761,671,375 1998 5,318,888,238 4,999,754,943 (1) Actual valuations and collection. Source: Robert K Swarthout, Incorporated. . X-IO Table X-4: General Obligation Bonds Outstanding Date of Date of Amount Amount Purpose of Issue Issue Maturity of Issue Outstanding 1972 So. Ocean Frnt. Pk. Add. Sept.-72 1993 $42,000,000 $195,000 Sewage Collection Treatment Mar.-72 1995 2,000,000 300,000 Sewage Collection Treatment Mar.-72 1995 8,500,000 2,900,000 1972 Reloca. of Pub. Wks. Yd. Sept.-72 1993 500,000 25,000 Relocation of Public Wks. Yd. Mar.-72 1993 4,400,000 445,000 1972 Data Processing Equip. Sept.-72 1993 300,000 20,000 1973 Open Space Land Project Mar.-73 1993 1,900,000 220,000 1973 Park & Recreational Land Mar.-73 1993 2,500,000 275,000 Park-Recreational Land Mar.-73 1993 2,500,000 425,000 1973 Civic-Conv. Ctr. Complex Mar.-73 1993 1,250,000 110,000 1973 Civ.-Conv. Ctr. & City Hall Mar.-73 1993 1,300,000 120,000 1973 Flam. Sub Div. Pks & Rec. Mar.-73 1993 1,100,000 110,000 1973 So. Shore Comm. Center Mar.-73 1993 300,000 25,000 Parks-Recreation-Open Space Mar.-74 1994 3,500,000 560,000 Convention Hall Facilities Mar.-74 1994 900,000 145,000 Convention Hall Bridge Mar.-74 1994 500,000 75,000 North Shore Library Mar.-74 1994 250,000 40,000 Community Facility Mar.-74 1994 250,000 40,000 Park Develop. Comm. Center Mar.-74 1994 300,000 50,000 Tennis Court Lighting Mar.-74 1994 150,000 20,000 1986 T.O.P.A Refunding Aug.-86 1999 25,115,000 20,705,000 1986 Pub. Saf. Equip. & Rehab. June-86 1997 11,500,000 11,100,000 1987 G.O. Refunding Bonds Mar.-87 2002 40,395,000 30,935,000 TOTALS $111,410,000 $68,840,000 X-ll XI. HISTORIC PRESERVATION ELEMENT I. INTRODUcnON HISTORIC PRESERVATION is the purposeful retention, protection, and continued use of land, buildings, and districts which are associated with important events in our history and exhibit significant architectural qualities. Historic Preservation represents the efficient use of existing resources, provides continuity with our past, gives a clearer understanding of our present, and assures future generations the opportunity to do the same. Most importantly, historic preservation demonstrates pride in our community, in its accomplishments, and recognizes the unique heritage and qualities of Miami Beach. Preservation is also important to the continued growth of the City's tourist economy as studies have shown historic sites and districts to be very popular tourist attractions. Although the City of Miami Beach developed during the Twentieth Century, it has a rich legacy of unique architectural structures. Scattered throughout the City are buildings which incorporate Mediterranean and Art Deco Architectural styles. The major concentration of these structures is located in the southern portion of the City. Recognizing the architectural importance of this area, the National Register of Historic Places, on May 14, 1979, designated a one-square mile of Miami Beach as the Miami Beach Architectural District. This area is now known and commonly referred to as the Art Deco District. It comprises numerous Mediterranean and Art Deco structures associated with the City's early history and is the Nation's rust Twentieth Century historic district. II. NATIONAL REGISTER ARCHITECTURAL DlSTRIcr The Miami Beach Architectural District occupies roughly a one (1) square mile area and contains approximately 800 historically significant buildings out of a total of about 1200. Land use within the District is well organized with distinct bands consisting of hotel/tourist structures on the east followed by commercially oriented Washington Avenue, then a section of small scale, multi-family structures occupying the majority of the District, with the western section bound~d by two blocks of single family. The District comprises 690 acres and is generally bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east; 23rd Street Area, Dade Boulevard, Washington Avenue and Lincoln Lane on the north; Lenox Court on the west; and 6th Street on the south (see Fig. XI-I). The Architectural District exlubits a high level of consistency in building scale and style resulting from the rapid development (most historic buildings date from 1923 to 1945) under the control of a smaIl number of developers. Working within a strict grid system, .relatively few architects (25) were responsible for the design of 75% of the buildings. The District has remained largely intact with some intrusion of non-compatible contemporary structures. The significance of the Architectural District lies in its representation of a significant period in the history of Miami Beach. The architectural detailing of district buildings reinforces the image of an important sea-side resort of the 1930's. The buildings also represent outstanding examples of the dominant modern architectural style of that time period. The National Register listing has encouraged rehabilitation of historic structures within the Architectural District. Tbe investment tax credits, made available by this Iistiog, were an important incentive, which has resulted in wide spread rehabilitation. National Register listing, while providing incentives, does not provide any actual protection for historic buildings. That protection is provided under the City of Miami Beach's Historic Preservation Ordinance. XI.2 III MIAMI BEACH HISTORIC PRESERVATION ORDINANCE The Miami Beach Historic Preservation Ordinance provides for the designation of historic sites and districts throughout Miami Beach. Contained within the Zoning Ordinance, Historic Preservation designation includes regulations which protect historic propenies from unsympathetic alteration, insuring that their historic character is maintained. The Ordinance aJso provides regulations restricting the demolition of designated structures. The Miami Beach Historic Preservation Board advises the Pll'111ntfl8 Board and the City Commission as to which properties and districts should be designated as historic. The Board also reviews the building plans for any designated property before a building permit is issued to determine if the plans preserve the historic character of the building and surrounding district. To date, the City of Miami Beach has designated five (5) Historic Preservation Districts and two (2) Historic Preservation Sites. Four (4) of the locally designated districts as well as the locally designated sites are located within the larger National Register District. It is the City's policy to locally designate the individual neighborhoods within the National Register District on a neighborhood by neighborhood basis after careful analysis and the determination that staff has the capacity to perform subsequent reviews. The Designated Local Historic Districts were some of the first areas developed in the early twentieth century in the southern ponion of Miami Beach. Three (3) distinct forms of architecture, Spanish Mission/Mediterranean Revival, Art Moderne/ Art Deco and the International Style were prevalent from the late 1910's through the late 1950's, when the south part of the City was essentially built-out. The Spanish Mission/Mediterranean Revival style was the design of choice for most buildings in the Historic Districts constructed in the 1910's and 1920's. The Flamingo and Espanola Way Historic Districts are reflective of this style, as it was the most popular in Southern Florida during this time period. The Mediterranean Revival Style is reminiscent of the Mediterranean coast incorporating building styles from Spain, Italy and Greece. The style was responsive to local environmental conditions with wide overhangs, open breezeways and extensive use of tile and stone. During the 1930's and 1940's, subsequent to the advent of the Machine Age, architecture on Miami Beach began to embrace new technology in a tropical manner through Art Deco. Locally, Art Deco became synonymous with the many different architectural styles of. this time period including Modcrne, Streamline Moderne and Depression Moderne. The Art Deco Style is prevalent in all of the Historic Districts in the southern portion of Miami Beach. Common elements of this style include angular forms, stroag venica1ity, ornamentation in relief and symmetry of fenestration. During the late 1940's and throughout the 1950's, architecture within the Historic Districts took on a "less is more" approach by emphasizing the structure. This architectural medium, commonly referred to as the International Style, incorporated less ornate features and more open space within buildings. Common elements of this style included raised, box-like buildings, Oat roofs and floor to ceiling windows. Xl-3 A. Designated Local Historic Districts 1. Espanola Wa,v (HPD- 1) Espanola Way's Spanish Village located between Washington Avenue and Drexel Avenue is considered one of the most colorful and commercially oriented areas in the Architectural District of Miami Beach. It was designed by R. A Taylor and developed by one of early Miami Beach's most prolific builders, N.B.T. Roney, who originally envisioned Espanola Way as an artists colony. Throughout its history, the Spanish Village has enjoyed a colorful reputation for gambling and other dubious activities. The buildings, while maintaining distinguishing architec:tural forms, combine to aeate a cohesive streetscape. Combinations of Mediterranean-inspired features including the repetition of balconies and courtyards, quoins, columns and the narroWDess of the right-of-way all contnbute to the impression of a Mediterranean Village. In 1986, the Miami Beach Historic Preservation Board voted to include all properties abutting Espanola Way, including those four lots on Jefferson Avenue (private street) at the western terminus of Espanola Way for Historic Preservation District Designation. This area is within the Miami Beach Architectural District and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The 13.6 acre area contains 47 buildings, of which 38 are considered contn"buting or conforming to the district. Facade restoration of the Clay Hote~ the Grace Hotel and the Cameo Theater have spearheaded revitalization efforts in the area (See rig. XI-I). 2. Ocean Drive/ Collins Avenue Historic District (HPD-2) Ocean Drive and Collins Avenue are two (2) touristjhotel oriented streets in the Architectural District. Oriented to Lummus Park, Ocean Drive buildings exhibit broad front porches with frequent nautical and other tropical design references. Ocean Drive is experiencing the highest level of rehabilitation as the district's most visible street. Nightclub and restaurant development is spearheading the rehabilitation on this street. Collins A venue, also a hotel street, is progressing slightly slower than Ocean Drive. Collins A venue has a unique blend of architectural styles including large scale mediterranean revival and futuristic moderne. Collins Avenue is retaining its residential character although several new restaurants on this street are planned. The Ocean Drive/Collins Avenue District is bounded on the East by Lummus Park along Ocean Drive; the West by Collins Court; the North by 16th Street; and the South by portions of 6th and 5th Streets (See rig. XI-I). The zoning classification for this district is Mixed Use Entertainment (MXE) with permitted uses of hotel, apartment, apartmentjhotel and mixed use buildings having any combination of retail, office, and dwelliDg units. Accessory uses include restaurant, outdoor and sidewalk cafes, solarium, sauna and other uses with restrictions by building type. Offices are permitted ac:cessory uses for properties on Collins Avenue between 6th and 15th Streets and the west side of Collins Ave between 15th and 16th Streets. In 1992, the City Commission adopted an Ordinance which expanded the Ocean Drive/Collins Avenue Historic District six (6) blocks north to cover the areas bounded XI-4 by 22nd street on the north, the centerline of Collins Avenue on the West, 16th street, including the southeast corner of 16th Street and Ocean Drive, on the south and the erosion control line on the east (See rig. XI-I). This District has the same mixture of hotel, apartment and commercial uses as that of the original Ocean Drive/Collins Avenue Historic District and is zoned CD-3, Commercial High Intensity. 3. Altos Del Mar (HPD-3) In 1986 Altos Del Mar was submitted for nomination to establish a historic district between Collins A venue and the Erosion Control Line from 76th to 79th Street. The Altos Del Mar district lies within the Altos Del Mar Subdivision platted in May, 1919 by brothers Smiley, Bethel and Johnson Tatum, prominent Miami developers, who established the Tatum Ocean Park Company for the purpose of developing Miami Beach's North Shore (See rig. XI-2). Altos Del Mar is zoned single family residential and Consists of 36 lots, 20 of which are currently vacant. On each of the remaining 16 lots exists one residential structure or one main structure with an associated structure such as a gate house or garage. Of the 16 existing structures, two date from the 1920's, eight from the 1930's, three from the 1940's, and one from the 1950's. 7710, 771!} and 7737 Collins Avenue and 101 - 78th Street are listed on the Dade County Significant Historic Sites Master Survey. Each was rated three (3) (lowest score) on Architectural and Historic Significance and two (2) (middle rating) on Contextual Significance. Seven structures front on Collins Avenue with Atlantic Way forming the rear property boundary. One structure fronts on 78th Street. Eight structures front on Atlantic Way and the oceanfront. Much of the property within the District is owned by the State of Florida. Some of the existing buildings will become residences for the park rangers from the neighboring North Shore State Rea-eation Area (formerly North Shore Open Space Park). The State has indicated that it may sell some of its Altos del Mar holdings for new single family development. The CWTent historic district is located between 77th and 79th Streets and from Collins Avenue to the Erosion Control tine. The City.is considering the addition of the blocks from the 76th to 77th Street of Collins Avenue east to the Erosion Control Line to the Altos del Mar District. 4. F1amin~o Historic Preservation District (HPD-4) The Flamingo Historic District is composed of primarily low intensity, multi-family buildings and mixed-use commercial areas on it's northern and eastern fringes. The District includes a good portion of Washington Avenue, as well as most of Lincoln Road Mall (See Fig. XI-I). Specifically, the area is bounded by the centerline of 6th Street on the south, the centerline of Lenox Court (including all of Flamingo Park and lots 7 and 8 of Block 46) on the west, the centerline of the alley north of Lincoln Road (Lincoln Lane north as extended) on the north, and the centerline of Collins Avenue on the east. XI-5 '!!'! letian Causewav ~ le r enetian Causeway IS built by the scayne Bay lp rvement Company .d 'as completed in 26. The Miami Beach rr-n of the Causeway gi 3 at the east side of U,"u Island and ends the western terminus D Ie Boulevard. It is ~ I lest causeway in original form linking .ami with the island of a:I i Beach.. The tU_ causeway is 2.5 les long crossing over . v letian islands and 15: ting of a total of !!lve bridges including J drawbridges. The B. lU Beach Btrtion LSi ;s of ten biidges luding one ....,.l.tidge. Noteworthy low profile it is ...~red a feat of LUty and practicality. is - !S led it to be or )Tated into the rids. Department of LnSnOrtation's .t.: ltion and !SE ration Plan. ! Y - netian Causeway ; c aignated a local I;ob~ site in December i8 and was listed on N :ional Register of to :: Places in July .9. Recently the LSt ftuard, which is pI mit granting hc..ty, proposed that West Bedascu1e Bridge c. nc!as in height n: 5 feet to 21 feet. :lis occurs it is likely t it will result in the er: ication of the Let i.D Causeway from 'Tational Register. The Zoning Oassific:atioDs for this District caasist oC the following: RM.1. Multiple Family Low Intc:mity, JtS-4, ResideDtia1 SiDgIe Family, RO, Residential OfflCC, GU, Municipal Use. CD-I. Commc:rcia1 Low lDteDSiry, CD-2. Commercial Medium InteDSity aDd CD-3, Commercial High lDteDSity. s. Museum Historic preservation District fHPD-51 The Museum Disuict is composed primarily of low to moderate intensity multi-family residences as weD as hot~ buildiilgs. There are also education(mstitutioaal uses including ,he Miami Beach public library aDd the Bass Museum as wen as a mixture !)( ente.,-!lI.;,nillC!!.t aDd c:ommc:n:ia1 uses on the northern and eastern fringes of the District (See rsg. XI-I). Specifically, the area is bounded by LiDcoJA LaDe North. from Washington Avenue caended through to CoUiDs Avenue on the south. the centerline of WashingtOD Avenue on the west, CoUiDs CaDal aDd 23rd Street [lDcluding all properties fronting or having a property liDe on 23rd Street) on the north and the ceDterline of Cob Avenue on the east. The Zoning .ClassificatioDS for this District consist of the MXE. Mixed Use Entenainmenl. CD-3, Commercial High IDtCDSity, aDd GU, Municipal Use District. Designated Local HIstoric Sites 1. Old City Hall (HPS-ll Old City Hall is a aiDe-story laDdmark building dating back to 1926 which was occupied from 1927 unti11!JT1 as the seat of the municipal government. Replacing a former modest City HaJJ, the ncw suucwrc represented a new era of gro~h and prosperity following the iaDd bust of 1926. Old City Hall is situated CD Wlllchi"gfon Avenue within the Miami Beach Architectural District which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (See Fig. XI-3). As part of the City's Dew S18 miDiOll Polic::c aDd Court Facility, it has been restored into a mixed use facility contairliDg municipal court space, private offices and ground floor retail space. 2. 21st Street Community Center Clubbouse fHPS-2) The 21st Street Community Center Cubhouse. designed as a clubhouse for Carl rJSher's exclusive golf course., was completed in 1916. (See Fig. XI-4). Designed by August Geiger, the COIDJDunity center is of arc:hitec:tural and historical significance. Notcwonhy for its fmdy executed design and sense of scale, and for its well crafted details; significant as ODe of the oldest strUClUres still staDding on Miami Beach. ) Potential Local Sites and Districts Possible future designation areas include the Pine Trc:c: Drive area from 28th Street to 63rd Street. This area is almost exclusively siDgie family residential; significant as a district. a cohesive unit with OutstaDding examples of Meditemmc:an Revival architecture. AmODg the notewonhy houses are La Solana. the Sleigh House., and the Astor Estate. XI-6 Two sites for possible historic designation arc the Helen Mar Apanments and the Miami Beach Women's Club. TIle I1~tsrie PreservatisB Beare is un 5UISyiBg that peftisB sf tlte \'eset;~- Catt:te.r.ay wit&ia tile limif:! sf Miami B.. fer Wisterie Site "!SigNEtelt. IV. SITES OF PUBUC INTEREST Sites of public interest are landmarks to be promoted and enh:n'~d; however, they are not intended for designation as historic sites. They include: o The statue of the Polo Player: Standing in Polo Park at No. Michigan Avenue and W.42Dd Street, it maries the site of the old polo fields, formerly associated with the Nautilus Hotel, now the site of Mount Sinai Hospital. o The statue of the Indian: at Pine Tree Drive and 41st Street stands -rile Great Spirit. by Euore Pellegatta 1924, recently restored. o The fountains utilized by the City as water pumping stabODS: 1) in North Shore, the Normandy fountain, the largest of the represented waterworks; 2) on Star Island, the most elaborate fountain; 3) the obelisk at Pine Tree and 26th Street; 4) and the fountain in the Alton Road triangle at 19th Street. o The Ragler Memorial: Standing in Biscayne Bay off the north end of Star Island, it was built by Carl FISher in honor of Henry Flagler. Henry Flagler was the man responsible for bringing . the railroad south. thereby opening South Rorida to the tourist trade. He built the fust hotel in Miami (now the Dupont Plaza) and was a major iDflueDCC in the future development of all of South Rorida. ..;...,. o The FISher Monument: at Alton Road and ?lst Street, built to honor Carl FISher, the major developer of Miami Beach. - o The North Shore Community Center site formerly a Coast Guard site, the original House of Refuge for shipwreck victims. These landmarks serve to remind the community of some contnbuting factor significant to the process of development of Miami Beach and should be encouraged as educational tools in the public interest. v. ~AJL~SIS Historic Preservation inspired rehabilitation and new development has become a critical element in the revitalization of Miami Beach. Its benefits and influences are many: 1. aeation of quality housing 2. elimination of blight 3. aeation of jobs 4. aeation of new businesses 5. attraction of new, young residents 6. strengthened local image and sense of place Even new construction is adapting the design principals of the local significant historic era which has become synonymous with Miami Beach. This has given the City a more consistent image than the XI.7 nondescript building of the previous two decades. Greater attention is being paid to architecture and quality design than ever before. The threats to the continued success of preservation activities are typical: 1. lack of parking in historic districts, a problem increasing geometrically as the neighborhoods evolve; 2. increased property values due to rehabilitation encourage new /larger iofill projects; 3. inswing rehabilitation quality to encourage long-term revitalization of the districts. The Miami Beach Historic Preservation Ordinance has protected the City against the realization of these threats in the future. The Ordinance gives the City Commission the authority to deny requests for demolition and contains increased powers to prevent the decay of historic buildings. XI.8