Human Trafficking PPTMODERN DAY SLAVERY
&
TYPOLOGY
Human Trafficking is a form of modern slavery –a multi-
billion dollar criminal industry that denies freedom to 20.9
million people around the world. No matter where you live,
chances are it’s happening nearby. From the girl forced into
prostitution at a truck stop, to the man discovered in a
restaurant kitchen, stripped of his passport and held against
his will. All trafficking victims share one essential
experience: “THE LOSS OF FREEDOM”
Human Trafficking, commonly referred to as “modern day
slavery” is a global phenomenon that involves obtaining or
maintaining the labor or services of another through the use
of force, fraud or coercion in violation of an individual’s
human rights.
Process
RecruitingHarboringMovingObtaining
or or or or
Maintaining
a person
Means
ForceFraudCoercion
By or or
End
Involuntary ServitudeDebt BondageSlavery
For or or
Sex Trade
or
The key distinction between trafficking and smuggling
lies in the individual’s freedom of choice.
An individual’s willingness to be smuggled into
another country does not minimize the victimization he
or she may experience at the hands of a trafficker
Due to the covert nature of the crime, human
trafficking will likely come to your attention indirectly.
Some examples that may lead you to uncover elements
of human trafficking include: domestic violence
crimes, labor disputes, prostitution and pimping
offenses, shoplifting and cases of assault.
Trafficking victims are often made to work, provide
services or do other activities that are not “traditional”
work. These activities can include forced prostitution,
domestic servitude, or other non-formal work
arrangements.
In order to determine if someone is a victim of
trafficking, you should take the totality of her/his
responses into account; no single affirmative answer
determines whether trafficking has or has not occurred.
Sexual Exploitation
◦
Brothels
◦
Massage Parlors
◦
Pornography Production
◦
Street Prostitution
◦
Internet (Backpage, Ashleymadison, Eros and Plentyoffish)
Labor Exploitation
◦
Agricultural/Farm Work
◦
Cleaning Services
◦
Construction
◦
Domestic Servitude
◦
Exotic Dancing
◦
Factory/Manufacturing
◦
Restaurant
◦
Hotels
Servile Marriage (AKA “mail order brides”)
◦
While the practice of arranging to marry someone from another
country is not necessarily trafficking, some traffickers hide
their operations by posing as international marriage brokerage
services. The determining factors for trafficking are the
circumstances the “bride” faces once in the United States; is
she being held in a condition of servitude through the use of
force, fraud or coercion for the purposes of forced labor or
commercial sexual exploitation?
The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision,
or obtaining of a person for the purpose of commercial
sex act in which a commercial sex act is induced by
force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person
induced to perform such act is under eighteen (18)
years of age.
The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision,
or obtaining of a person for labor or services through
the use of fraud or coercion for the purpose of
involuntary servitude, debt bondage, or slavery. This
occurs in situations of forced labor such as domestic
servitude, factory, construction, housekeeping, hotel,
food service or agricultural work.
Cheated out of wages
Forced to mortgage their future to obtain low-wage,
temporary jobs
Held virtually captive by employers or labor brokers
who seize their documents
Subjected to human trafficking and debt servitude
Forced to live in squalid conditions
Denied medical benefits for on-the-job injuries
HUMAN TRAFFICKING UPDATES
US
:
Between FY’s 2009 and 2016, the US Department of Justice increased the number of trafficking cases filed
in comparison to the previous eight years by 79 percent, the number of defendants charged by 71 percent
and the number of defendant convicted by 68 percent, in addition to increased prosecution results in cases
involving child sex trafficking. The launch of ACT produced significant increases in human trafficking
prosecutions. From FYs 2010-2011 to FYs 2012-2013, the six Anti-Trafficking Coordination Team districts
produced:
114 percent increase in cases filed,
119 percent increase in defendants charged,
86 percent increase in defendants convicted.
FLORIDA
:
Officials from the state reported the number of human trafficking cases have increased more than 50
percent in the state from the previous year. The increases in reported cases in both the US and the state of
Florida were due in large part to the coordinated effort across the country and state to train professionals
and communities in increased awareness and bringing more of these cases to light.
Many victims of trafficking have endured multiple
violations, including sexual abuse, and are likely to be
experiencing trauma. Trauma will be expressed
differently by each person ranging from intense
expressions of feelings such as anger or fear to a lack
of emotion or flat effect.
Coping or survival mechanisms may result in the
victim feeling loyalty, gratitude or dependence upon an
individual related to the trafficking operation or the
establishment of an intimate relationship with someone
involved in the trafficking network.
The Trafficking Victims Protection Act and subsequent
legislation provides grant assistance for the creation of
victims services and anti-trafficking task forces. These
groups coordinate anti-trafficking efforts by bringing
together federal, state, and local criminal justice
professionals and victim service providers.
How Human Trafficking works
◦
Solicitation
: Potential migrant may seek the services of a smuggler.
◦
Transportation
: Migrants may be smuggled through a number of
routes and transportation modes to avoid detection.
◦
Payment
: Payment to smugglers are generally conducted in Pay In
Advance, Partial Paymentand On Arrival.
Social Services & Assistance Certification
Expungement of Record of Victims for crimes incident to
trafficking
Long-Term Immigration Issues: T&U Visas
◦
The U Visa allows eligible victims to temporarily remain and work in
the US, generally for four years. While in U nonimmigrant status, the
victim has an ongoing duty to cooperate with law enforcement and
cannot unreasonable refuse to assist with the investigation or prosecution
of the criminal activity.
◦
The T visa is an immigration benefit for victims of human trafficking
who meet certain eligibility requirements.
Nonprofit Organizations
◦
Faith-Based and Community-Based Organizations
Fair Food Program: Preventing Forced labor through worker-led social
responsibility (Burger King, Fresh Market, McDonald’s, Subway etc…)
Catholic Charities and others