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98-22785 RESO RESOLUTION NUMBER 98-22785 A RESOLUTION OF THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA, AUTHORIZING THE AWARD OF A CONTRACT, IN THE AMOUNT OF $35,000, TO NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY, FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF A BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH STUDY OF THE TWELVE ARTIFICIAL REEFS THAT ARE BEING CONSTRUCTED OFFSHORE OF SOUTH POINTE PARK, PURSUANT TO THE ARTIFICIAL REEF GRANTS AWARDED TO THE CITY BY THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AL PROTECTION AND THE MIAMI-DADE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WHEREAS, two grants from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection's (FDEP) Artificial Reef Construction Grant Program were accepted and appropriated by the Mayor and City Commission on November 1, 1995, and September 25, 1996, respectively; and WHEREAS, an additional Artificial Reef Construction Grant from the Miami-Dade County Department of Environmental Resources Management (DERM), was accepted and appropriated by the Mayor and City Commission on January 22, 1997; and WHEREAS, the grants provide for the construction of twelve artificial reefs, about 200 yards off-shore of South Pointe Park, and a research study of the new reefs; and WHEREAS, construction of the reefs is now underway, pursuant to the Contract award to Marin & Marin Marine Construction, Inc., authorized by the Mayor and City Commission on March 18, 1998; and WHEREAS, the construction of the artificial reefs should be completed by June 22, 1998; and WHEREAS, funds were provided as part of the Reef Grant Program to have a team of scientists from Nova Southeastern University monitor the structural stability and the plant and animal populations of the reefs for a two year period; and WHEREAS, the project will provide valuable information which will be used to help develop artificial reef structures that will help prevent beach erosion. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT DULY RESOLVED BY THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA, that the award of a Contract, in the amount of$35,000, to Nova Southeastern University, for the performance of a biological research study of the twelve artificial reefs that are being constructed offshore of South Pointe Park, pursuant to the Artificial Reef Construction Grants awarded to the City by the FDEP and the DERM, is hereby approved. Passed and Adopted this 17th day of June, 1998. ~ ATTEST: ~(L~ CITY CLERK APPROVED AS TO FORM & LANGUAGE & FOR EXECUTION AM Mj)JiL CIL~ '~/D A COMPARISON OF LIME-ROCK BOULDERS AND CONCRETE MODULES FOR ARTIFICIAL REEF CONSTRUCTION ,,' A Proposal Submitted to The City of Miami Beach by: Nova Southeastern University Submitted by: /~h~PiI~ Nova Southeastern University 17 April 1998 INTRODUCTION The City of Miami Beach will construct 12 artificial reefs of three differing materials in 1998. This is a proposal from Nova Southeastern University (NSU) to monitor some of the physical and biological attributes of the three types of reefs. Four artificial reefs will be constructed of lime-rock boulders, four will be constructed of tetrahedron modules composed of a standard gravel-concrete aggregate and four will be constructed of tetrahedrons of a tire-chip-concrete aggregate. Four replicates of each reef type were selected as a compromise between the potentially high number required to assure statistical validity in the highly variable marine environment and a sufficiently low number to be economically feasible yet yield reliable results at a practical level. The reefs will be placed in a permitted site off Miami Beach in approximately 15 ft of water. The individual reefs will be placed 100 yards from each other and the nearest hard bottom to reduce interactive influences among adjacent populations. ,. The lime-rock reefs will be constructed of 4 ton boulders (approximately 3.5 ft in diameter) arranged in two layers with 16 boulders in the bottom layer and 9 in the top layer. The boulders will be individually placed by crane to achieve maximum, covered void-space. The concrete reefs will be constructed of preformed tetrahedron modules. The tetrahedron (a four-sided shape, each side with three apexes ) modules were selected for this study because: 1) they have been shown to establish a complex biological assemblage; 2) they are extremely stable in a stacked configuration and 3) they are easily deployed. A mix of 25 small (5 ft/side) and 25 large (6 ft/side) modules will be utilized in each reef. The mix of sizes assures complex interstices and void space. The modules will be allowed to stack as they fall from the barge rather than being individually placed. After deployment, divers will use lift-bags to rearrange the modules to assure the height and footprints of the four concrete reefs are similar to the lime-rock reefs. Personnel from Nova Southeastern University (NSU) will monitor the reefs and test the hypothesis: concrete-gravel tetrahedrons or concrete-tire tetrahedrons are equal to, or better than, lime-rock boulders for artificial reef construction. Over a two-year period, we will compare the biological assemblages that are associated with the reefs constructed with lime..;rock to the assemblages of tetrahedron reefs constructed of gravel-concrete aggregate and tire-chip-concrete aggregate. We will also monitor stability of the three reef types over the same period. This information will be used to support or refute the null hypothesis that there are no differences among the three materials for artificial reef construction EV ALUATION The City of Miami Beach will build the 12 artificial reefs and provide slip space (two nights per sampling period) for our research vessel. NSU will provide the research vessel, required equipment, and personnel to accomplish the monitoring. The biological assemblages on the reefs will be monitored by divers every two months for a two year period. In addition, still photos of each reef will be taken after deployment and at one year intervals and all reefs will be video taped every six months. Evaluating the fish populations is straightforward. The fish assemblage will be determined by divers, using scuba and slate. The species present, their life-stage, and size will be recorded for each reef. This information will be used to determine any species specific differences between the two types of reefs, as well as any differences in assemblage diversity and biomass, by standard statistical methods. The invertebrate assemblages will also be examined every two months. However determinil'Jg the population size and in some cases even species identification of invertebrates is problematic. Most animals will be counted on site, however, many invertebrates are difficult to identify outside the laboratory. Therefore, some collection will be required. Experience has shown us that the rapid succession of populations on new artificial reefs makes the validity of population counts questionable. Further, many species are cryptic or grow in the interstices of the reef modules. likewise, a number of species bore into the substrate. A realistic census would require disassembling the entire reef at each census. Obviously this is not a viable solution. Instead, our survey will be mainly qualitative (rather then quantitative). We will determine the species associated with each reef type. Only if it becomes apparent that a particular species widely predominates on one reef type will we attempt a census of that (those) species. We will photograph (35 mm stills) each reef from specified distances and angles (seven yard, four compass headings). Permanent anchors will be hammered into the substrate to ensure the same angles for future photographs. Still photos will be taken annually and at the request of the City of Miami Beach after storm activity. These photos will form a baseline series from which to determine stability of the three reef types. Results from the monitoring will allow us to compare the biological assemblages associated with each reef to support or refute our null hypothesis that there is no difference in the biological communities associated with lime-rock or concrete tetrahedron reefs. The results will be compiled in three semi-annual and one final report. The final results will also be submitted to a scientific journal for publication Deliverables consist of three semi-annual data reports and one final report with full data analysis and interpretation as well as copies of all video tapes and still photographs. BUDGET Monitoring periods (12) ---------------------------------------------- $ 24,000 Semi-annual reports (3) ----------------------------------------------- 3,000 Final report (1) ------------------------------------------------------------ 4,000 Consu Itant ( 5 days) ------------------------------------------------------- 4,000 Total -------------------------------- $ 35,000 This budget includes all necessary equipment, personnel and transportation costs. It also includes two optional monitoring visits, after severe storm events, on request. ,. CITY OF MIAMI BEACH CITY HALL 1700 CONVENTION CENTER DRIVE MIAMI BEACH FLORIDA 33139 COMMISSION MEMORANDUM NO. 3RY-98 TO: Mayor Neisen O. Kasdin and Members of the City Co mission DATE: June17,1998 FROM: Sergio Rodriguez City Manager ,. A RESOLUTION APPROVING THE AWARD OF A CONTRACT IN THE AMOUNT OF $35,000 TO NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY, FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF A BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH STUDY OF THE TWELVE ARTIFICIAL REEFS THAT ARE BEING CONSTRUCTED OFFSHORE OF SOUTH POINTE PARK, PURSUANT TO THE ARTIFICIAL REEF GRANTS AWARDED TO THE CITY BY THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AL PROTECTION AND THE MIAMI-DADE COUNTY DEP ARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SUBJECT: ADMINISTRATION RECOMMENDATION Adopt the Resolution. FUNDING: $35.000 Funds are available in Special Projects Account No. 199.6915.000343. BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS The City was awarded two grants under the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Fisheries Management and Assistance Services' (FDEP-OFMAS) Artificial Reef Construction Grant Program. The grants were accepted and appropriated by the Mayor and City Commission on November 1, 1995 and September 25, 1996, respectively. An additional grant from the Miami-Dade County Department of Environmental Resources Management was accepted and appropriated by the Mayor and City Commission on January 22, 1997. The grants provide for the construction of twelve artificial reefs, about 200 yards off-shore of the South Pointe Park, and a research study of the new reefs. AGENDA ITEM DY DATE l-- \l-:4~ On March 18, 1998, the City Commission authorized the award of a contract to Marin & Marin Construction, Inc. for the construction of the artificial reefs. The reef construction is now underway and the work should be completed by the end of June, 1998. The reefs will be built with three types of material; coral boulders, tetrahedron shaped concrete modules and tetrahedron modules made from a concrete and tire chip mixture. As part of the reef grant program, a team of scientists from Nova Southeastern University will be monitoring the reefs for a two year period following deployment. The researchers will examine the structural stability of the reefs by measuring the dimensions of the reefs at scheduled intervals and after severe storm events throughout the two-year test period. The objective is to determine whether the reef structures are toppled by waves, sink into the ocean floor, or whether the individual modules break apart. The researchers will also look for differences in the performance of the three different reef materials. Biologists from the university will also be diving on the reefs, to conduct a census of the fish and invertebrate populations that develop. The species present, their life-stage and size will be recorded. The collected data will be used to determine if there are any differences between the populations or diversity between the three reef types. ,. The ultimate goal of the research study is to establish that waste concrete and tires can be recycled to produce artificial reef modules that are structurally and biologically equivalent to, or better than, coral boulders, at a substantially lower cost. The project will provide valuable information which will be used to help develop artificial reef structures that will help prevent beach erosion. CONCLUSION The City Commission should adopt the attached Resolution authorizing the award of a contract in the amount of $35,000 to Nova Southeastern University, for the performance of a biological research study of the twelve artificial reefs offshore of South Pointe Park. S~~Plbdh -' C:\DA T A61IBRUCEICOMMINOV AUNIVCOM SUBCONTRACT AGREEMENT between the CITY OF MIAMI BEACH and NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY, INC. THIS SUBCONTRACT AGREEMENT (the "Subcontract"), with the following terms and conditions, is made and entered into on July 1, 1998, by and between the City of Miami Beach, having its principal place of business at 1700 Convention Center Drive, Miami Beach, Florida 33139 and Nova Southeastern University, Inc., on behalf of its Oceanographic Center, having its principal place of business at 8000 North Ocean Drive, Davie, Florida 33004 (hereinafter referred to as "NSU") for the delivery of services identified as A Comparison of Lime-Rock Boulders and Concrete Modules for Artificial Reef Construction. As used herein, "Subcontract" shall refer to this agreement and all its exhibits, attachments, and incorporations. "Prime Award" shall refer to the grant from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection Office of Fisheries Management and Assistance Services' (FDEP-OFMAS) to the City of Miami Beach for support of the City's Artificial Reef Construction Grant Program. The prime award is attached hereto as Exhibit A, and incorporated herein by reference. WITNESSETH: WHEREAS, the City of Miami Beach requests that NSU's Oceanographic Center perform certain services under the Prime Award and NSU's Oceanographic Center wishes to perform such serVIces. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants contained herein, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows: ARTICLE I. STATEMENT OF WORK/SERVICES TO BE RENDERED NSU's Oceanographic Center covenants and agrees to furnish the necessary personnel, facilities, data, and materials to perform a biological research study of the twelve artificial reefs that are being constructed offshore of South Pointe Park as described in the proposal and scope of work (SOW) attached hereto as Exhibit "B" and made a part hereof for the benefit of the City of Miami Beach. Any change in the scope of work requires the express written approval ofthe City of Miami Beach and NSU. ARTICLE II. PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE NSU's Oceanographic Center shall perform all services required of it under this Subcontract between the period from July 1, 1998 through June 30, 2000 unless this Subcontract is further extended by amendment of the Subcontract, which shall be by written consent of both parties. ARTICLE III. COMPENSATION Total compensation to NSU's Oceanographic Center under this Subcontract for the period of performance will be $35,000 unless amended by mutual consent and in writing by both parties. ARTICLE IV. INVOICING NSU's Oceanographic Center shall invoice the City of Miami Beach for services provided under this Subcontract not to exceed $35,000. NSU shall submit invoices along with required reports to the City of Miami Beach in order to receive payment for services on a quarterly basis and in four equal installments. NSU shall bill the City of Miami Beach on a quarterly basis for payment of expenditures, and with respect thereto, shall submit documentation for such expenditures. Payment shall be made by the City of Miami Beach to NSU upon receipt of such invoices and within 30 days of submission of each invoice. Invoices must include and reference the project title, the City of Miami Beach's Special Projects Account Number 199.6915.000343 and be submitted in triplicate to: City of Miami Beach 1700 Convention Center Drive Miami Beach, Florida 33139 The final invoice shall be marked "FINAL" and submitted to the City of Miami Beach within sixty (60) days of the termination of this Subcontract. ARTICLE V. REPORTS AND DELlVERABLES NSU's Oceanographic Center is required to keep accurate records of data collected throughout the project period so that the progress of the services provided may be readily evaluated at any time. NSU project personnel will complete required and appropriate progress reports as well as a final narrative report at completion ofthe project period for the City of Miami Beach to provide to the prime awarding agency, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. ARTICLE VI. ADMINISTRATIVE REPRESENTATIVES AND PROJECT DIRECTORS Project Administrator for the City of Miami Beach: Bruce Henderson City of Miami Beach 1700 Convention Center Drive Miami Beach, Florida 33139 (305) 673-7273 Principal Investigator for NSU Oceanography: Dr. Richard Spieler Oceanographic Center Nova Southeastern University, Inc. 8000 North Ocean Drive Davie, FL 33004 (954) 920-1909 Authorized Representative for NSU: Barbara Sterry Director, Office of Grants and Contracts Nova Southeastern University, Inc. 3301 College Avenue Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314 (954) 262-5365 2 ARTICLE VII. ASSIGNMENT This Subcontract may not be assigned by NSU or the City of Miami Beach in whole or in part without the prior written consent of the other party. ARTICLE VIII. COMPLIANCE WITH SUBCONTRACT NSU shall abide by and comply with all ofthe applicable terms and conditions as set forth in the Prime A ward. ARTICLE IX. AUDITS NSU agrees to comply with the requirements ofOMB Circular A-l33 and further agrees to provide the City of Miami Beach at its request copies of any of the independent auditor's reports which present instances of non-compliance with federal laws and regulations and which bear directly on the performance or administration of this Subcontract. In cases of such non-compliance, NSU will provide copies of responses to auditor's reports and a plan for corrective action. All reports prepared in accordance with the requirements of OMB Circular A-l33 shall be available for inspection by representatives of the City of Miami Beach during normal business hours. ARTICLE X. INSURANCE NSU shall maintain commercial general liability insurance during the term of this Subcontract with respect to all of its activities and the activities of its agents and employees concerning services to be provided in connection with the Subcontract. Such insurance coverages shall be in an amount no less than One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) per occurrence and no less than One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) annual aggregate. The City of Miami Beach shall be named as an additional insured. NSU shall provide the City of Miami Beach with a certificate evidencing such insurance coverage prior to the time it starts work pursuant to this Subcontract. The certificate of insurance shall contain a provision that the insurer will endeavor to provide ten (10) days prior written notice of any cancellation or reduction. NSU shall also pay all legally required worker's compensation insurance for its employees. ARTICLE XI. INDEMNIFICATION NSU agrees to indemnify and hold the City of Miami Beach harmless for any claims, actions, liabilities, judgments, reasonable attorney fees, and court costs incurred by the City of Miami Beach resulting from the negligence or other wrongful act or omission ofNSU, its agents, or employees in the performance of this Subcontract. In the event of any action giving rise to indemnification claim under this provision. NSU shall have the option of defending the City of Miami Beach with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the City of Miami Beach. The City of Miami Beach shall immediately notify NSU of the institution of any such claim or action. ARTICLE XII. RELATIONSHIP OF PARTIES 13.1 The parties agree that NSU is an independent service provider. The conduct and control of the services rendered by NSU will lie solely with NSU. NSU is not an employee of the City of Miami Beach for any purpose under this Subcontract, and NSU shall not be entitled to any ofthe 3 benefits that the City of Miami Beach provides to its employees. NSU shall be liable and responsible to pay all local, state, and federal employment taxes, including, without limitation, withholding, social security, worker's compensation, and unemployment insurance as required by law. 13.2 Nothing in this Subcontract is intended to create, nor shall be construed to create, ajoint venture, partnership, employer/employee, or agency relationship. ARTICLE XIII. TERMINATION OF SUBCONTRACT In addition to any other remedies it may have, the City of Miami Beach may terminate this Subcontract by written notice to NSU ifNSU fails to timely perform any of its obligations hereunder. Additionally, should at any time the Prime Award be forfeited by the City of Miami Beach or canceled by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, this Subcontract will be terminated immediately and NSU shall be remunerated for services performed to date. ARTICLE XIV. RECORDS NSU shall retain all of its records concerning this Subcontract and the services performed hereunder through 2001. NSU shall provide the City of Miami Beach with copies of any such records upon request for the same. ARTICLE XV. LAW GOVERNING This Subcontract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Florida. ARTICLE XVI. SEVERABILITY If any provision of this Subcontract is held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, then the remaining provisions of this Subcontract shall be valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. ARTICLE XVII. ATTORNEY'S FEES If either party institutes litigation with respect to this Subcontract, then the prevailing party shall be entitled to collect from the non-prevailing party all reasonable attorney's fees and court costs incurred by the prevailing party. ARTICLE XIII. STRICT ACCORDANCE Failure of a party to insist upon strict compliance with any ofthe terms, covenants, or conditions ofthis Subcontract shall not be deemed a waiver of such term, covenant, or condition, nor shall any waiver or relinquishment of any right or power hereunder by a party, at any time or from time to time, be deemed a waiver or relinquishment of such right or power at any other time or times. 4 ARTICLE IX. NOTICE Any notice required or permitted to be given hereunder to either party hereto shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and received (I) when personally delivered with a receipt obtained, (ii) on the date noted as received, refused, or uncollected if given by deposit with the United States Postal Service and sent by certified or registered mail, postage prepaid and return receipt requested, or (iii) the earlier of receipt or two (2) business days after acceptance for delivery by a nationally recognized overnight delivery service (e.g., Federal Express), to such party at its address as herein above set forth, or to such other address as such party may designate by notice similarly given. Any notice to NSU shall be to the attention of the authorized representative for NSU as listed in Article VI. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Subcontract as of the day and year first written above. Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of: 0~'1Jk :~~ of Miam1f1 Neisen Kasdin Its: Mayor Date: .J~~;t- ;?-~ /1ytf A KOVED AS TO FOP.M & LANGUAGE & FOR EXECUTION ".~J ~~ Ci~ Clfk JM.~ M~ ~~ I A omey ;~r~ 1lu,yIDL~ Witness Nova Southeastern University. Inc. 1..;'6- Jj~ Witn ss By: 1~~~ Its: Director, Office of Grants and Contracts Date: eh, /9R , I 5 EXHIBIT "B" A COMPARISON OF LIME-ROCK BOULDERS AND CONCRETE MODULES FOR ARTIFICIAL REEF CONSTRUCTION A Proposal Submitted to The City of Miami Beach by: Nova Southeastern University Submitted by: Richard E. Spieler, Ph.D. Nova Southeastern University 17 April 1998 INTRODUCTION The City of Miami Beach will construct 12 artificial reefs of three differing materials in 1998. This is a proposal from Nova Southeastern University (NSU) to monitor some of the physical and biological attributes of the three types of reefs. Four artificial reefs will be constructed of lime-rock boulders, four will be constructed of tetrahedron modules composed of a standard gravel-concrete aggregate and four will be constructed of tetrahedrons of a tire-chip-concrete aggregate. Four replicates of each reef type were selected as a compromise between the potentially high number required to assure statistical validity in the highly variable marine environment and a sufficiently low number to be economically feasible yet yield reliable results at a practical level. The reefs will be placed in a permitted site off Miami Beach in approximately 15 ft of water. The individual reefs will be placed 100 yards from each other and the nearest hard bottom to reduce interactive influences among adjacent populations. The lime-rock reefs will be constructed of 4 ton boulders (approximately 3.5 ft in diameter) arranged in two layers with 16 boulders in the bottom layer and 9 in the top layer. The boulders will be individually placed by crane to achieve maximum, covered void-space. The concrete reefs will be constructed of preformed tetrahedron modules. The tetrahedron (a four-sided shape, each side with three apexes) modules were selected for this study because: 1) they have been shown to establish a complex biological assemblage; 2) they are extremely stable in a stacked configuration and 3) they are easily deployed. A mix of 25 small (5 ft/side) and 25 large (6 ft/side) modules will be utilized in each reef. The mix of sizes assures complex interstices and void space. The modules will be allowed to stack as they fall from the barge rather than being individually placed. After deployment, divers will use lift-bags to rearrange the modules to assure the height and footprints of the four concrete reefs are similar to the lime-rock reefs. Personnel from Nova Southeastern University (NSU) will monitor the reefs and test the hypothesis: concrete-gravel tetrahedrons or concrete-tire tetrahedrons are equal to, or better than, lime-rock boulders for artificial reef construction. Over a two-year period, we will compare the biological assemblages that are associated with the reefs constructed with lime-rock to the assemblages of tetrahedron reefs constructed of gravel-concrete aggregate and tire-chip-concrete aggregate. We will also monitor stability of the three reef types over the same period. This information will be used to support or refute the null hypothesis that there are no differences among the three materials for artificial reef construction EVALUATION The City of Miami Beach will build the 12 artificial reefs and provide slip space (two nights per sampling period) for our research vessel. NSU will provide the research vessel, required equipment, and personnel to accomplish the monitoring. The biological assemblages on the reefs will be monitored by divers every two months for a two year period. In addition, still photos of each reef will be taken after deployment and at one year intervals and all reefs will be video taped every six months. Evaluating the fish populations is straightforward. The fish assemblage will be determined by divers, using scuba and slate. The species present, their life-stage, and size will be recorded for each reef. This information will be used to determine any species specific differences between the two types of reefs, as well as any differences in assemblage diversity and biomass, by standard statistical methods. The invertebrate assemblages will also be examined every two months. However determining the population size and in some cases even species identification of invertebrates is problematic. Most animals will be counted on site, however, many invertebrates are difficult to identify outside the laboratory. Therefore, some collection will be required. Experience has shown us that the rapid succession of populations on new artificial reefs makes the validity of population counts questionable. Further, many species are cryptic or grow in the interstices of the reef modules. Likewise, a number of species bore into the substrate. A realistic census would require disassembling the entire reef at each census. Obviously this is not a viable solution. Instead, our survey will be mainly qualitative (rather then quantitative). We will determine the species associated with each reef type. Only if it becomes apparent that a particular species widely predominates on one reef type will we attempt a census of that (those) species. We will photograph (35 mm stills) each reef from specified distances and angles (seven yard, four compass headings). Permanent anchors will be hammered into the substrate to ensure the same angles for future photographs. Still photos will be taken annually and at the request of the City of Miami Beach after storm activity. These photos will form a baseline series from which to determine stability of the three reef types. Results from the monitoring will allow us to compare the biological assemblages associated with each reef to support or refute our null hypothesis that there is no difference in the biological communities associated with lime-rock or concrete tetrahedron reefs. The results will be compiled in three semi-annual and one final report. The final results will also be submitted to a scientific journal for publication Deliverables consist of three semi-annual data reports and one final report with full data analysis and interpretation as well as copies of all video tapes and still photographs.