Loading...
1672-16 History-City of Miami Beach i‘ x Mitotic P�^t1Pvvdfr.',Yl,/f'�u9oziet•• r . ---� ,/f4A filI rwi, 111'3 • . .� • tea i , (---- 1 �— _ r of \ ! __, i 1 — r \ — r-- 1 — FT 1 , 1 / — ,_ y 1 1 _______A c:„ D.A. Sanborn began mapping America 's cities building by 7g building for the purposes of ��� D fire-insurance indust . ]r �0 bp rp N B '� ..----- More --_ More than a century o ,1 later, his company's i` a ' e.wuvre yields the broad, themes and the details of ii-______ ____Ji Aa nation's urbanization. �o�,� B;►•� KIM KEISTER � ` o. iMP ------ ------',--17! I 1 J ith the ubiquity of an urban deity, tial risks without making personal o the Sanborn Map Company watch- examinations of the properties."ed over America's transformation But although newer ratings sys- >.!. from an agrarian society into a na- tems and technology have made t I ]✓. "' tion of cities.Exploring and me- Sanborn maps obsolete within the ' ; ,� '' thodically revisiting more than fire-insurance industry, Sanborn 1 ' .., 12,000 mature municipalities and maps continue to impart knowledge D.A.A3ORN 1 ; /�. y '/ towns freshly carved into the land- about the urban environment's his- y�� scape,the company's legion of surveyors documented tory to those who weren't alive to witness it.Histori- ♦e. 29 in meticulous detail the structural evidence of urban- ans contemplate the maps for the broad themes of the . � Nki,, ization—building by building,block by block,neigh- modern American city,from its birth shortly after the j �;V t borhood by neighborhood,community by community. Civil War to its maturity on the eve of the Second —,-- Sanborn cartographers,like the mapmakers who chart- World War.Preservationists learn in the maps'fine ed the far-reaching expeditions of the age of discovery, detail the physical evolution of buildings and neigh- translated the discoveries of the firm's urban explorers borhoods.Stated simply,the Sanborn maps survive as -4 '�. into graphic records.The late-nineteenth-century col- a guide to American urbanization that is unrivaled by '_—.. laboration of surveyor and cartographer produced sur- other cartography and,for that matter,by few docu- t, s, artistry encoded with the dimensions,materi- mentary resources of any kind. ` A als,uses,and occupancy of the built environment. The largest public collection of Sanborn fire- Ubiquity implies omniscience,and indeed,at one insurance maps occupies a vast windowless chamber . time,fire-insurance companies,which provided the in the basement quarters of the Geography and Map • 1 sole rationale for producing the maps,relied upon Division of the Library of Congress in Washington, them with almost blind faith."Our maps,"the Sanborn D.C.Filling endless rows of metal shelving,sets of Company declared in the introduction to its 1905 Sur- maps are organized alphabetically by state,and with- ' veyor's Manual for the Exclusive Use and Guidance of in each state,alphabetically by municipality,and with- Employees,"are made for the purpose of showing at a in each municipality,by year.The collection includes E glance the character of the fire-insurance risks of all the Sanborn Company's copyright deposits between [' buildings.[Fire-insurance functionaries]depend on the 1884 and the 1930s and a 1967 transfer of maps from ' accuracy of our publications...incurring large finan- the U.S.Bureau of the Census corresponding to the [', 42 ALL MAPS FROM THE GEOGRAPHY AND MAPS DIVISION.LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ill, --mmankiimmommiwk.- .. ._______.. . ... . . P. .1.00 ... ‘i. la -,: / #N11,4. • . 4.11,,s,.\$ .7, '. • - ., ,,,V'.,--- ,., - . -.' imi.,..r4-.:,.. . 1 "T, .., --. .• -. • /X`' .:>I'V'-'„ .40 ' '.'7' :: ' i•.‘ ,\ti, -4kae>/. ,' ,.. . \ .. . . _ /A: .-., \- ,1-. , -. _ \‘.., ' ,:::'.. .' ...A ., ,t; - \-'W 0,1' ' .. \ ' II -% '-'4P's. '' . /.' .7 , , ,.14...,...7 ,•.....,'N.,1 . 3 ..''',/,.1. ‘t t . , - ' „...,A.‘...-J'40.10.• - 0 ....-- •7\- ' • ,, 1,1:. . - -- . •„h / /1 ,94144'--••• - r "‘ ' '''.0%. •, . -• Ci ittiR - .,;4......- . "\ ,---' , \\ = A • A. ' - • lit. •' — . 4111111 \ ......" / / Icizi i •• . s ,.•., ,"...,„ ta\ c I) „., :-.•.1.,* „:: , . till . ---..._..„ I/ 'LI'••4-1P4' c.' -1.''•'' •i , r.,.: , )/7. ,.-4., -\..j ",,,J '.s•e, , '‘: ‘v '. i•••••• ii: 2'''''. /.......:::,;::;.!..... , , . __if.•,e.., ,..; ..-if:. ' - .:. • - • ‘ . • - ' . *N.> ' * . - r; '-' Q- '140 -1-• ' 1 r '. ". ,.. ,.,..i.: .,... . . .....-, 1k .,, . .,-0 - • -- . . , .* K ! \ ^,-* *-_,::21 / '• Alt?' ; : \ or• ; , ' 4. p-.: .6.:.111/1' .".... .- -(1. /'',4, N-e••••,-11 . •-. '`.. ... • A L ,. -,-„.__„ ., - ,.... , ,, ..a •,* \ %...' 04-'1`. ,:,,,,N; —Nti • II, 4,7 _ .,',i _ i Z'•Lr.rf l'.1‘ WO_..,\1,, .:',, ... \\*:Er., ,,,,w,l.T\. '••••,.. '2J' 4 ',___ -•-'-110-tar. ‘441 41-.4„....,j. ; L. Lj r'' • ''\' - 4 s7,?, SP :--- .- .t. 01:r.,' . 1"4.4-Air I ;kr.4:4•,,,z:Dc- . . •,,______ ,7, \'4011 '/'•••.q:zz2., '• .- '''" ,.. .'••••-4•,/ 1 ., . _ . • ..i..,_,,,, A) I - c 0 si iii ° !I• %,— N• .. . , - 4.119, ,•41" ''''.n.•!--..--:z.;,_•--,. .1,1---------;-e.------------„, • .);'.;•• ',..%._ •.., •_."letigAI tlic--7-----'.. r ;,. "---•--./ )..• . ,,,,.7' ,.',,k-,... -- . _.:ii. , ---13/r, . „. .".:•,,,'16 , - . i. 4 • -' ii,-4.--ii -t-,c ,s---„r---„, ,. ' • te0', ,:ej , ./...r..\ . .. N., -„, .11k • 0-1' ---- -4*‘c• '''• .', 0 .41: e; . -- v -.s , -_, -•,.. .t. , i ' , o. • ,. t _\iiiitilE__,--,--/ .\,, i . ,5. f .4 ". ' . lx•Itri ' ' • 7‘; eir •-- ist"-- ..,)V '';'.10.4%-a‘ ....7-.-7.. . 1/ - 41010.14.,..• , . \ ," .• l•- '4, ' Ai, i. . • it. - ---* 2 . ., • • , No .../47,.. .,. - •. ge • di . _...A cll. • f . . . a&...le '‘•.( K % ' 1 ' `.• • .'? Z14' U . . II•""" t .."',., . ' , ..1 ,., (r•,,- ./, ' I .0• 21 '''.,k\•.`-' 1. rm. ti 4 ,.....:„... . Ix -. // .`": 4,,,i • ... • , . Vi -fri / i . 4. , 'pi* .------ ,.i' k ‘., 4 e• .444, . '''. .. - \\,,c, .., _ -,, 1 e-i /--. / •\ . //' , 4. '' • > . ....-7 \ . . / 25//,:;s: '''.4,.. , / -... • , , /:..,,.., ,,, , .r, INSURANCE MAP) ) , , • _ .... 2.,., , c ( ...:_-..__. __—__......,;•.:___77'0).-------_ _...-:„,....-:--- • -...•- '' ' - 11 ••••• e ft .--..„ _ ...-- 0.••••• •• ••• , p••-• C )) '-j‘ s T er Alido.n.alitai.ilinej;znartnni Buis 0 ‘, .• "> u Ni "'. 4p, it 1, ltsessto,erswhe•aborts r0.0! 1 ; :. l•!) ‘10 — — ---... Oil \ , .......... ................, rms. .................., ss......-___ N / <t, /<N .1 _f •, SP ,2,y n .• n • (...„______.5.--- , VOLUME it._ ."------- i / ,.1\tsz. I, HrintiwrOponing in lm.Stony. 1867. —, .. 0 1 2, ). 1 , KEY: . .b04661 . .__ ,........7.....z.....-.......... —.... —.......-- -•-••••••• ••\......„ Mirk,Strar VP Iron /Euelinioe.r. 11 ., " "1.44•46,.. ., • ( e BY D. A. SANBORN, C. E., .......2) firien.....J'ADit one ireinga 1• ,.., ) ) ) ...--- -----.. Stable.. IPPz C17-- ROADW AY, N. Y. ) • -"OA 440re ionise ase A1frfam Boiler*. ,./;A).L...s.;::....-:/.,. -.....----- ...... Prownolluildiasn-AregotAymet %; . 12,14 licArrence re anjeintng ifit.rens. i .r. Wilt IS ricA•ndton•.1)a...4ot ffajorei. 0 .ifrO•ants. AA C.D. r.'..".,.."•.-1 P3Pante PP P.P 4,Ano•PiNpai 1.01.14,all felei er)I:Ns.•Malliffs. arub.„a,0,w, jp,..„ d.ku. 8,.Dfroiene in on.9.me...the rtr pm-0o War. i C..a.111110111.1•dm . , CP .0 0"Pi' l I 0 • s> • "nun",initAltriek.Pront. -07 PS PP..ft . SS ''''• sr ". OW.oft*+O.1771:171•••••be tb.*NM Moulded Sew Tali. THE MAP ABOVE IS FROM AN 1867 INSURANCE ATLAS OF BOSTON THAT IS THE EARLIEST PUBLICATION BY D.A.SANBORN IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. • --------. .. ........-. . .., .. ..—.---..-- — - -...k. ,,■••••-.411111.111111.0111.1.111111.111. -.01.11M........"- . ., rmr - \ - � KEY 1 -� t " T,.[,�---- Fire proof construction. K- . __a[•4"1_t _ - Snenne•o-.oa• -,-, window o enmo in fust stor• ����[.r��ID44tttt _ ifisii._i4__- l o•1u[.[slsrrv[[oxsi N) POT Iq nIRRxT oni s5, P }' STEMS INDICATE STORKA Window openings in second and third stories I '• Aosi( I Adobe building. cousnixer.ewm, TORIC"T. A MING Window openings in second and fourth stones. Sanborn map detail interpretedA rclurr er.uNPI«.� raw..a.multi.. ii Err,.ao«..wLe Stone building . ,. . .4J- I Windows with wired glass. paepl•Ix[. N with a key provides a wealth of I <c aR) Concrete.bine.corder or Windows with iron or tin clad shutters cement brick w Window openings tenthto i information about the YMCA (c et Hollowconcreteorcementblocktonsf'n a JI l fcoNc) Concrete or reinforced concrete cone'!" o'• twent ysecond stories [)[r:1� �:;��I«EE I building at 27 and 29(renumbered since the Tile buildin 'i r 3 "E;Open elevator previous map as indicated by the numerals Brick buildinywithframe cornice. :FE:Frame enclosed elevator. Width of street tone iron{. --- (e[TWEEN ILOC.a«u. i in parentheses)West Main Street in down- Ii - :; , -• •• •• " NOSE"re`IN(.) _ game sloe w•ithtraps. (olv oro e•I rn..a n.RTTnon) c°c; •• - •• self closing traps town Staunton,Virginia,in 1909. A circa a�emn Brick veneered buildin . .t Concrete block enclosed elevator withtra s ' 4 `� P p"Iron chimney i 1890 illustration of the YMCA building pro- `nir)'rar.x •• and frame building to Tile enclosed elevator with self closing traps 4. ... .N...[e.oI namoommem1 Framabuildin.bricklined. aF Brickenclosedelev.wiihwired !ass door vides graphic translation of the Sanborn3 3 ®Brick chimney $ p F•r�.T S.amic I ,. .. metal clad D-o.[ulNG /5 Ground elevation map.The block on which the YMCA is to I Frame building. A�.•B•vTo•�rnT I Iron buildingBlock 5 . °Pa Vertical steam boiler cated is elevated twenty-six feet as indicat Tenant buodmp occupied by LOFT I variausman acturingoroccupencies aro Gasoline tank. ed by the figure in the circle at the bottom (m_CL.) I Frame building covered with asbestos OrPVertical pipe or pipe. (O UJ Open under left.The street is forty feet wide as indicat- -'. AFA Automatic fire alarm �("� Sw I V Brick building with brick Cr metal cornice IEP Independent electric plant connectionmesefiredept. ed by the figure at the left,where the solid I Fire wall 6 inches above roof As Automatic sprinklers Single fire dept El.7.41,1;;T:.'," Na NNr.MN.'," i� ��0•T 0•" �J COnneC110n circle and note indicate a double fire hy- 3p":;.7,7t11.".71° 18 ® Automatic chemical sprinklers. )r6.`•,:9,,..- Automatic sprinklers in art of buildingonly. drant and fire-alarm box.Water is supplied 36 P P } i...... Ear«u""'""".P41 INOT[UNDER s.nou«muT[s..or[a[o ro.r,oN or.mulNal Figures 8.12.Ib indicate thickness v o«. to the buildings through private,four-inch of wali in inches Reference to ®Not s rinklered. pipes•as indicated by the note. -3 6 Wallwithoui opening and size in inches P adjoining 's-p)` Well with openings onfloorsasdesignated. Outside vertical pine 24 page. The building is constructed of brick as in- �� Opening with single iron orbs clad door. on fire escape. A. Fire engine house. dicated by thepink color.The exterior walls double iron•• - •• doors as shown on key map. •• •• standard fire doors. Fire alarm box *Fire pump. are sixteen inches thick on the first floor and —' Single hydrani.��C\Under page number a ATEA tit - Openings with wired glass doors DH* Double .• refers to corresponding twelve inches thick on the floors above.The TH page of previous edilion. Drive or passage way Triple first floor of the building is divided by a �� 111 Stable • "„4,I,,,Quadruple hydrant of the High Pressure Fire Service. brick wall as noted.A dry-goods company : Auto.House orprivate garage. ® Fire alarm box of the~High Pressure Fire Service" G:•: a-- ••i->s:,:,.i _.ze? c:.riWaterpipesofthtNghPressureFireService occupies number 29 as indicated by the ilk Solid or C.B with brickimixed.walls of • . 2 C.B. C.B.and and hydrants of the D.G.and a bookstore occupies number 27 "High Pressure Fire Service as shown on key map. as indicated by the note.The main parts of eac0"•j0...- Mixed construction of C.B.and brick 6-00,7.f Water pipes and size in inches. �., _._„--e with one wall of solid brick. i~_PsP�r.��rr�Water pipes of private supply the building contain four stories as indicat u�•`�::e.�e, Mixed wish one wall faced with d'bnck�k '7 House numbers shown nearest to buildings are ed by the figures in the southwest cornersLa«..+0 ' Mixed construction of C.B D t" official or actually up on buildings. 55. and brick throughout -4• Old house numbers shown furthest from buildings. of each section and are sixty feet high from - - the street level to the roof level as indicated by the figures in the center.The exception is t the labeled clock tower,which contains six - I stories,as indicated. A framed partition divides space on the ' 6'" third and fourth floors into front and rear " sections,the rear half of which is two sto- 1 ries high,as indicated by the note.(Previ- 3=YZe9 r'"/11/ OirE ^ ' ous editions of the map noted that the two- Lk!' __ - .. storyspace served as a gymnasium.)All of Lj! '4 _ ✓- P , IA the roofs have metal covering as indicated �� 1(2 �� n •h _____ by the open circles in the southeast corner It I/NOM `� � i6 of each section. ` ! C.1 1 ._ ' c The building's stairwell is marked in the '7p 11 ' ;►—�4 Go' Q aa'c " 9 southwest corner of the building,as is its , — • . — ruWIR •r basement heater in the north-central por- ri /) 9) (27) tion.There are no windows in the first sto- II .MC. symbol indicate four stories,and the three ry of the east wall,but windows exist in all ���_ -:. -m .= dots on the inside end of the strokes indi- stories above.This is indicated by the sym- 245' cate windows on the second,third.and hols along the wall.The four strokes of the fourth only. ' I i ..> I44 HISTORIC STAUNTON.INC. . . t t What the company liked to call the -hand-picked"quality of its products captivates contemporary viewers who are accustomed to the sameness of mass production. a 1930s,1940s,and 1950s.Only the company's private archive is bled by George T.Hope,an officer of the Jefferson Insurance I more complete. Company of New York,to map New York City.When translat- The Library of Congress collection is built upon twenty-one- ed with the help of the legend,the codes impart property sizes, j by-twenty-five-inch sheets of paper,some 700,000 maps in all. shapes,heights,construction materials,uses,and occupants;lo- An index sheet introduces each set in elaborate hand-drawn let- cations of windows,doors,porches,and additions;and types and ters identifying the town,state,and year(and,of course,the materials of roofs.The maps also indicate the widths and names manufacturer).A typical index sheet includes an overview of the of streets as well as house and block numbers.The locations of entire municipality mapped in the set,an index of streets and fire walls and sprinkler systems,water mains—including their di prominent local sites,a legend,and such sundry data as popula- mensions—fire-alarm boxes,and hydrants remind us of the tion,economy,and prevailing wind direction. maps'intended use by the fire-insurance industry. Typically,bird's-eye views of communities,drawn at a scale of What the company liked to call the"hand-picked"quality of one inch equaling fifty feet,depict one-to ten-square-block sec- its products captivates contemporary viewers who are accustom- tions and an outline of each building.The company instructed its ed to the sameness of mass production.Although founded upon surveyors to investigate every built-up part of a community."In- a late-nineteenth-century surge in cartography brought on by 11 formation is generally available at the Court House,or...some the advancement from engraving to lithography,the Sanborn real estate agent may have the necessary data," the Surveyor's Company boasted in 1926 that"the making of our maps is still Manual advised."[However]if records are not easily obtainable one of the ancient crafts in which the soul of the craftsman finds do not waste too much time,but , inspiration and expression." proceed to measure up the tern- r .; 'e` ,._ SHE, MilliP :.r °' Anonymous cartographers— tory with tapeline, and plot hundreds of them during peak sheets from notes so secured." he Library of Congress has the largest—but by no production—drew and lettered Only a few loose sheets are means only—collection of Sanborn fire-insurance the maps,which were printed as needed to complete smaller maps.Original and duplicated Sanborn maps can line art.But because orders of towns.Larger cities,however, be located in thousands of state,local,and university li- any single sheet rarely exceeded require bound volumes contain- braries,state historic preservation offices,and local govern- twenty,it was more economical ing approximately 100 plates ment offices,historical societies,and preservation organiza- to employ artists using waxed- each.(By 1924 New York City'stions.Many of the smaller collections resulted from an effort Paper stencils to paint the maps five boroughs required forty- with watercolors than to print by the Library of Congress between 1955 and 1978 to cull each color. eight bound volumes.) from its collection 288,093 duplicate sheets and 432 duplicate The maps'most obvious char- When the expense and im- atlases and present them to libraries in states correspond- practicality of redrawingand re - tints is their coloration.Five P ty tints distinguish each building's ing to the maps'locations. producing entire sets of maps exterior material—olive for Researchers can determine whether the Sanborn Com- became unmanageable,the San- adobe, n- adobe,blue for stone,pink for pany charted a specific cityby consulting an index published born Company conceivedpro- brick,yellow for wood,and gray by the Library of Congress of its Sanborn map collection un- duction shortcuts.Around 1920 for metal.Representing building der the title Fire Insurance Maps in the Library of Congress: a loose-leaf atlas format re- footprints,small rectangles are Plans of North American Cities and Towns produced by the placed bound volumes,making painted in the five pastels to form Sanborn Map Company.The index lists mapped cities,dates it possible to replace outdated mosaics of such diverse patternsof coverage,and the number of sheets covering each city. plates without reprinting an en- that they seem to exhaust everyThe book is out of print,but microfilm copies can be pur- tire volume. Following World mathematical possibility. War II Sanborn experimented chased by contacting the Library of Congress,Photodupli- The coded colors belong to with reduced scales of an inch cation Service,Washington,D.C.20540,(202)707-5640. equaling 100 and even 200 feet. an intricate iconography that al- q g so incorporates initials and nu- Reproductions of Sanborn maps are available in a variety The most conspicuous modi- metals;an assortment of lines, of formats and subject to publishing agreements.Contact: fication of Sanborn maps was circles, squares, and x's; and 4 Library of Congress,Photoduplication Service,address the production of revised areas anomalous symbols found no- above; on patches,which were distrib- where else. D.A.Sanborn,the 4 Chadwyck-Healey,Inc.,1101 King Street,Alexandria, uted to customers for applica- company's founder,copyright- Virginia 22314,(703)683-4890 or(800)752-0515; tion on previously published ed his system,but the format a Sanborn Mapping and Geographic Information Ser- comprehensive editions.The and symbolism remain largely vice,629 Fifth Avenue,Pelham,New York 10803,(914) "slips."as the company called unmodified from those devised 738-1649. the patches.eliminated the need in 1850 by a committee assem- to redraw and reprint entire 45 • pages.Initiated for more densely built,frequently updated cities, i-•.-- "--_ -' PsL7t - � „• a - i the practice became so widespread for smaller towns that un- F_= _.t= -t=` - -: - C.413,/•< 4A7412 C.413,/• .>� �.�_ , , � ilIllrjMR - �I t patched maps produced after the 1930s are rare. I „r,,,,;- 'Q I + Although patched maps sacrifice some of their original mark- T I S. I ings,they possess their own distinct appeal.Some researchers �_.... `_mid 1. `` ' •y report coming across examples on which the patches have been 1 f ti j % i" �-—, " 4 1 applied in such a way that they can be 0 .c=o ;�� I I0 By the time thumbed like a flip book to simulate an- Q I am o ' '• "`'Z �i1�; I_ - I " I I. imation of an area's evolving architec- z I o�;Illin - t ---, �� Sanborn died ture.Usually,however,researchers who I I ' ..`: r INil I , respect the documents'historic integrity I I 1___J II in 1883 his must resist temptations to indulge in car- t 1 to a hic archaeologybypeelingback NOMIIIIIMill .. • o company had n P „� __ ,.. .. ,�- - ---qR"----4,;-- the patches(perhaps with steam?)to ex- — SAN--P-Fa iCAS00--- -=-1-7.----" •ev .,aa c P--56 s c&' vx�as a,- , iw z surveyed and amine previous strata. • 1 The body of Sanborn maps is the 11, , ;; s ' �', ,as • n ''°•�7 1 produced maps legacy of Daniel Alfred Sanborn(1827- '4, M,M KI- I& "� lz j 83),a surveyor from Somerville,Massa- e• p �''�' i of municipalities chusetts,who set up business in 1867 in I I lower Manhattan.Sanborn's business,in t11 ° , `�"" D'� _ I m every part turn,was an Americanization of an im- ut."�`"'k I r _ 7771. 1 �y L45 , ported British industry,a history that ".'24.4'171 °"R- ' .t4 t." 3 ,`��` �''�`I_-; I ofthe count ' • •' ,°-1,-. • I D Walter W.Ristow thoroughly research- 141n I o --i ; ed and concisely chronicled for various k' I _� t i 1 publications during his tenure as chief of the Geography and 1 'Siz ° ,,--2 d r_ FT •".y , Map Division at the Library of Congress. I . .0...,,,, ' • Ristow traces to late-eighteenth-century London the practice ®` ; . 11 �( .1 .y:".,"'/,," %""=""., ' •-, ?' •11 1 10/ Iu Ila id3 w7/.12,- A ay volt. 4M JA Nle at of compiling accurate,detailed,and current maps to support the ----�+ikitt ---t- - fire-insurance industry.London insurance underwriters quickly .u1 ,;:: �tv ..w .lrrar-T: +-- ----:ii-s 7, exploited the practice to monitor risks across the Atlantic,Spon- .-. -•P%�•t . . ' . soring surveys of several American cities in which they under- ' F ; Po �, , '� j'' • wrote most of the fire insurance for buildings before and after the :,..ata�tzi 4 S '' RevolutionaryWar.The earliest extant fire-insurance mapof an 41' : e --. American city,which is reposited at the Library of Congress, ti,44 iro"o \of 74 bears in an assortment of ornate scripts theponderous title of z `-"!" -` r $ P ok �4 , Ichonography of Charleston,South Carolina,At the Request of y;,$.• _ .v,- 3 Adam Sunno, Esq.for the use of the Phoenix Fire-Company of Z :8„ © f1• V' �< London, Taken from Actual Sur- Q z� `�� . TV' Q�:i, '77/,- -'r '< vey, 2d August 1788 by Edmund FOUR MAPS DEMONSTRATE %ki,,; lzsi a f' : .. Petrie. Published 1st Jany. 1790 b CHANGES THAT OCCURRED i, / ( , , '-- L < IN ONE CITY BLOCK OF __ E.Petrie No.13 America Square. "i °..3,-, „t.:,;,---(1- i d ' 'I ` I' 7 SANTA FE,NEW MEXICO. PAW/�---` , ) ,S 1/ .7x D N Following the War of 1812.in an OVER A FORTY-SEVEN-YEAR .. �• "° (�, .,,"z.:,.d. -'1-', ' 41 r environment of intense anti-British PERIOD.COMPARISON OF '" r".•-•- SAN FRANCISCO AV. ••-•g •••q• sentiment and accumulating do- THE MAPS SHOW TRANS!. € l •,u TION FROM THE OLIVE kr • q ' mestic capital, American-owned COLOR THAT SYMBOLIZES R "" -'" • - ' insurance companiesproliferated, 'q ' '"y' S ' A. s P ADOBE CONSTRUCTION IN ,�I =�-- •a concentrating in New York,Phil- 1883 TO MORE OF THE PINK O :3:� II rge adelphia,Boston,and Hartford.At COLOR THAT SYMBOLIZES v ,-^^ t (e) W BRICK CONSTRUCTION.THE �' -'S� i4 � first,most firms limited their con- = '• -. ,_, ,� NATURE OF THE BUILDINGS' I cems within distances that allowed "4 in ott " - I USES ALSO CHANGED,WITH ; ._ t - IO i , personal inspection.But an 1835 SALOONS,BILLIARD HALLS, .,....i 1 conflagration in New York wiped AND DWELLINGS GIVING _ I s. < out many smaller insurance comps WAY TO BANK,OFFICES, ':fi. f.i__ j a�, Hies,and in the industry's ensuing AND POST OFFICE.THE q icai ck ILLUSTRATIONS OPPOSITE reorganization larger companies PROVIDE PHOTOGRAPHIC I.��Cj. iiiformed to solicit business in areas DOCUMENTATION OF THE i - •a1 sizable enough to make firsthand TRANSFORMATION. ° ii.- .-, 1%.....•...•.". E. SAN FRANCISCO - _ "C/ 46 I - �__ • observation impractical.William Penis,the engineer engaged in and produced maps of municipalities in every part of the coun- 1850 by George T.Hope to map New York City to his commit- try.In the hands of Sanbom's progeny and associates,the San- tee's standards,is recognized as the first entrepreneur to take born Company steadily added cities to its portfolio and issued re- advantage of the new opportunity.After completing his assign- vised editions of previously published maps and atlases,for some ment for Hope,Penis founded a business that specialized in the thriving cities as often as every six months.As it expanded,the manufacture of fire-insurance maps.Similar local and regional Sanborn Company cleared the field of competitors,driving some companies soon followed. out of business and absorbing others. (The firm's name at the 1 When maps of uncharted territory were required,fire- turn of the century,the Sanborn Penis Map Company,Ltd., insurance companies often contracted with independent sur- reflected the takeover of Perris's firm.The company adopted the name Sanborn Map Company around 1904.) .--.. k. By 1920, when the Bureau of the ' ,.j. " �?— Census officially declared America an r. _Z- ' , urban republic and a nationalth con- ,_ , 7 struction boom was soon to take place, =ter - ` - -::�--' the Sanborn Company held a virtual i '1--- .�r-� :. , .. monopoly in its field.It occupied a main 2l i * .Pr _,J i office and publishing plant in Pelham, i 1. x 1 3. New York,and secondaryproduction . 7� } ;3+- - > centers in Chicago and San Francisco. THE WOOD-AND•ADOBE JOHNSON BLOCK AT THE CORNER OF PALACE AND WASHINGTON(LATER SHELBY)AV- The company celebrated its sixtieth an- ENUES,SHOWN CIRCA 1880.BURNED IN 1889 AND WAS REPLACED BY THE CATRON BLOCK.SHOWN IN 1916. niversary by crowing that"nearly every -. _ Imo 4 ��� town with a thousand inhabitants and &__..__ r` � ` +' over in the United States and territories #1111i 1� f F1 d I has been mapped." A A r Sanborn maps were an essential tool elko• , of the fire-insurance industry. Under- _ ( writers weighed the decision to accept J J. I { I i I.� all or part of a risk on the basis of iden- ? „— NlIli tification of a building's materials,its �`'- - -wail v" -h5•' fire-resistive characteristics,its use,and its proximity to fire-fighting mecha- BRICK VENEER COVERED ADOBE ON A CIRCA 1905 MILLENERY SHOP AT THE CORNER OF WASHINGTON AND SAN FRANCISCO AVENUES.BUT ADOBE PREVAILED ON A TICKET OFFICE AT THE SAME LOCATION IN THE 1920S. nisms.Many insurance companies em- t1/4 �; _ ployed a map clerk who notated on sets ✓ , of Sanborn maps which properties the S 1 �., company covered by penciling in policy o �d. y �; •E '; number and expiration date and the '' '' Y , rt :i4 a. ,-.��Y amount and type of insurance.At the �'� s-- same time,insurers exercised caution i111 . 1 .. •�"�'� '"?'� i ' against becoming so heavily involved in ir�; ' 4 ,' - ( — { an area that a single fire might ruin the H. •I - - - • _�kl� -- • j firm. " - But the fire-insurance industry,even .,, }� {/� -" THE WOOD-AND-ADOBE OLD CONVENTO BUILDING ON CATHEDRAL PLACE IN 1911 GAVE WAY TO THE U.S. while displaying a dependency on San- POST OFFICE.SHOWN HERE CIRCA 1935.CONSTRUCTED OF BRICK VENEERED WITH WOOD AND ADOBE. born maps that brought their manufac- f turer unprecedented prosperity,began { veyors.Such was the circumstance in 1866 when the Aetna In- to question the maps'absoluteness.Their accuracy was called surance Company's Cincinnati office employed Sanborn to pre- into question,and resentment over their expense festered.In the pare fire-insurance maps for several Tennessee cities. About wake of this discontent insurance companies set up a consortium the same time,Sanborn independently published an atlas of to analyze Sanborn's practices and to experiment with alterna- Boston with a title page and twenty-five large plates that showed tive systems of keeping records.The Depression and World War various sections of the city.Apparently encouraged by the suc- II delivered a one-two blow to Sanborn's sales,and by the 1950s cess of these ventures,Sanborn established the D.A.Sanborn the emergence of alternative methods of record keeping and the National Insurance Diagram Bureau in the following year and insurance industry's system of experience ratings—and later incorporated it in 1876 under the name Sanborn Map and Pub- computer technology—conspired to curtail demand for San- lishing Company. born's services.The Sanborn Company never fully recovered, DA, By the time Sanborn died in 1883 his company had surveyed - although a scaled-down operation with the more contemporary 47 \ MUSEUM OF NEW MEXICO • r i .ir name of the Sanborn Mapping and Geographic Information Ser ' ` ;`� • , _ ` , ,_.,,,_, J, �k vice perseveres in the Pelham building that has served as corn- 5 , pany headquarters since 1909.The company annually updates r, maps for cities on contract bases,provides expanded computer- . :- AW!yT 6 based data to municipalities,and sells reproduction copies of 1,..1 �o o �,°� maps from its archives. _ 1 B. y,�t,�c yrren'��' As the relevance of Sanborn maps waned within the fire- �...It.EW sQ 8 5 insurance industry,however,it expanded in other professions. �K„#M�Mn ,- d _ • "The information reported[in fire-insurance maps]is technical :.BinnilEMMI r211114740117. ;.,L EVE 31, -•: to the fire-insurance world,"the 1905 Surveyor's Manual in- » =_ ' formed its readers,"and you should master the technicalities and : elhil I:3 --am -41331-Ti ever bear in mind the use to which the map you are producing 41. U. • ' 73 ED. S will be applied."A company publication stated in 1926 that the _ ' \' -,� 0 " maps had been"recognized and used by many city departments, I`-JI(,"`" .l-..I JF , ; - Ei !• i..E . public-utility companies,and others,"and by 1953 the Sanborn �� I""-' Ft/i9 c[4_,�- Com an exulted in the maps'"inestimable worth not alone to r iI { Company P El U rr AI _ � the Fire-insurance Industry but also to Private Research,Gov- t� .-- ,/ 1 [11 I, ,1 ,t,,,-, ernmental and Municipal Agencies and Public Utilities." During the last twenty-five years an ever-growing and diver- 1lcal; sifying group of academics and professionals as well as amateurs has discovered the value to their pursuits of the information con- = tamed by Sanborn maps.Genealogists pinpoint the houses and 'ro _... r~Itit qneighborhoods of their ancestors.Planners decipher the intend- 1 8 9 4 d "Mhusband and ed and accidental layouts of urban .� living.Environmentalists look for ' u,._,u, 1 - , I probably met over indications of natural features — ?� erased long ago and of businesses --.t--:..w. Er I , I .411E that might have.produced toxic c� - I Sanborn maps. " 7C��p Q ' Pr , - waste.Urban geographers try to11-_,I �-t I re-create the growth and evolution of cities.Demographers ex- �-. 6,:.!_-, 1"i ^ `� ® ® , amine population shifts.But perhaps no one has found more vi- --,t - �ra`a ,ti Ai lPPI tal,varied,and constant usefulness of Sanborn maps than preser ,"�Sa�Lp ':";i_il/ �� �fl(LQ vationists. --44 .'" Ip 0 e adAII a, r , s`C. Historic preservation and the fire-insurance industry share the N. building as a basic unit of concern.Sanborn maps were designed ^.. 1.,„7-A.-7.11 „Ills,_. ,r�R to efficiently provide information secondhand,and they often j i �i i=-.=- w �• I .11 prove to be the fastest,simplest,and most graphic way to learn 41.,, . a '- '! 1 'j2 M .._ .-.0,. 1 j details about a building. ' � "They're lifesavers,”says Dick Ryan,an architect for the '� �g .i , Texas Main Street Program. 1 9 O 4 !;`. ir�. S'[l16 "I use them twenty times a day,"estimates Al Cox,the staff ar E. 0 ' �_ 1:1,8chitect for Alexandria,Virginia's architectural review board. g - ,, A. j. J ' 1 "Working in many different towns of all sizes spreads me aw- 0 Q, xD � . fully thin,"says Ron Frantz,the coordinator of Oklahoma's Main ® p/, - --.7-j.e w 11171." F Street Program."By letting design committees know that San- • r 1 . born maps exist I can be sure that they get good information." I "My husband and I probably met over Sanborn maps,"says - 13i'CI National Trust Advisor Ellen Sievert,who,with her husband, THE SANBORN COMPANY IN. TRODUCED EACH SET OF FIRE.. E lb .5!; Kenneth,forms a Great Falls,Montana,preservation consulting INSURANCE MAPS WITH AN IN- team."For the mostpart our work is a labor of love,and the IN- DEX MAP OF THE TOWN OR CITY I Ii BEING COVERED.STUDIED CU- maps just add to that." MULATIVELY,THE INDEX MAPS t - �� Determining the age of a building or its additions can be a FROM SUCCESSIVE EDITIONS IL- �� LUSTRATE A TOWN'S GROWTH. wt.* �. •-� simple matter of examining a block on successive Sanborn maps IN SOME CASES,THE SANBORN until the building appears.The first parts of a property to suc- COMPANY MAPPED TOWNS As THEY WERE BEING BUILT AND cumb to time are often porches and dependencies,but Sanborn THUS CHARTED TOWNS'ENTIRE maps,while lacking their stylistic details,clearly and accurately HISTORIES.THE TOWN OF ENID LOCATED IN NORTH-CENTRAL show their placement,dimensions,and (Continued on Page 91) OKLAHOMA IS A CASE IN 1 48 • • : i 'S • i- , a( ,rJ ' u POINT. ENID DIDN'T EXIST CI❑I w ;-- ,, r BEFORE THE OKLAHOMA v L a1 m ~( ' aROa/ t 1. LAND RUN OF 1889.THE •� t`� .. 112 , '., +, A r-�-y ir 1 L SANBORN COMPANY FIRST • -•� I r-iQ1. AMAPPED ENID IN 1894 1 9 1 7 WHEN A SURVEYOR NEEDED R�- as j•I• [. JUST FIVE BIRD'S-EYE VIEWS I —• Atli Ell D". �R�7 � , `�- ��• K-Y, IUIIiM�r�� t TO DIAGRAM THE FEIN BUILT-UP STREETS THAT •i I •_ Ito a , ( 'ttiG U L^�'L_` I LI L SERVED THE TOWN'S POPU- I i+ll t. •yt/ [� •! �.�; LATION OF 2,000. FERTILEJT� }."�; AM �« a pert ILJFFFF� u LJ ® FARMLAND AND THE - ! c ' _ , iqg ❑ ❑ ! ® TOWN'S EMERGENCE AS A i '_Ljdfiluil 1•• i' l RAILROAD HUB PUSHED 1 ` 1::-.10.1:1:-�, - t 1I �y,-..11r%1� o�]-'� 's�n T1 Ct _` ENID'S POPULATION TO , / 1 U �Ktl 'T Il I ♦7y .D_ 7L j�, 11,000 A DECADE LATER, ] WHEN ENID'S STREETS ��yy a ;- as Q��' t[ ►C FILLED FOURTEEN SHEETS. °`-F ��/)ea tiy`hu- y�,,I«!"'�•�•�'� �yT� THE OIL BOOM WOULD PRE- _•-.. I . ''i z.'° I �. �n I IA• I . -� '.1 I J -� t$ �}-+ l— CIPITATE ENID'S GREATEST i `� 11 " I � _ GROWTH,AND IT WAS BARE- �i I a �` • . - �:� I• D E 1$ ©^'� I�-7 IU-I.- LY UNDER WAY IN 1917 • ''1U M ' .1.,/ 1ft •"seB[r , ,---n '—i ( tai I(��rq�11 l''r WHEN THE SANBORN COM- PANY. °� �J -a f� •,•J L J`- I 1 y.p�-;—^•+. PANY REPORTED ENID'S dl PPP��- �` r - i •iOM• .Z I POPULATION AT 18,000 AND -10'�rl,/t ien �M'_'it�-�.F � 1 42 j ' Q i j1 A 1.b �1• j 411& • mens per square foot for the least amount made up the buttresses are sturdy but ma- such professionals as the Gales see the of money."Eighteen hours is the perfect jor investments,grown for two years pro- show as the opportunity to give something amount:"That's similar to the amount we tected by a fence to ward off deer and by back to the community that provides them have in June when the sun is the highest winter tarps to prevent burning.In Janu- with a living. and the borders do their best."The Gales ary the Gales placed heat blankets at their Beyond this,however,is the issue of so- have found by experimentation that the bases to keep the ground from freezing so cial concern. The proceeds of the plants benefit most when the extra hours that the yews could be dug up in March. Philadelphia Flower Show go to the sup- of light are added in the evening, from "The Flower Show for us is a number of port of the PHS outreach program, about four in the afternoon to one in the things,"explains Chuck."It's business and Philadelphia Green,which receives be- morning, after they have absorbed as it's advertising.But it's also entertaining. tween thirty and forty percent of its much benefit as possible from natural Call it a hobby if you want. It has to be $6-million annual budget from the show. daylight. love,because you'd never do this just for Founded in 1974 as a program that en- The Gales have an alarm system to pro- money." couraged window-box gardening, tect their plants.Explains Charlie,"If our Philadelphia Green moved into school- heater goes off in the middle of the night, ike many older,more established based gardening lessons for children and the alarm rings at Chuck's house and at art forms,the Philadelphia Flower then expanded into community-based two of our foremen's houses."They also ,A Show leads us to a heightened ap- programs all over the city,where it has • have a generator—still labelled"Delivery preciation of both human history and na- sponsored more than 1,500 planting pro- Room"from its former use—that switch- ture's ways by means of artistic interven- jects,including an annual City Gardens es on a second-and-a-half after the elec- tion—whether this is a matter of distilling Contest; greened more than 650 city • tricity goes off. But working with plants the essence of a seventeenth-century gar- blocks;developed a model called Green seems to prepare one for trouble,and the den that was actually invented in 1955 or Countrie Townes for seven communities, Gales'greatest insurance against Flower of creating June at the end of February. the smallest encompassing ten blocks,the Show disaster comes from growing large But while critics have argued for millen- largest more than 120;and cleaned and numbers of backup perennials to substi- nia about the social usefulness of art,no planted more than seventy-five acres of tute for those individuals whose flower one can deny that the Philadelphia Flower empty city lots.In most of these programs spikes don't develop or who succumb en Show directly improves the lives of gardening has become a catalyst for fur- route to the show or from stress during the Philadelphians and visitors from all over ther change in the neighborhood. Cer- week;virtually every perennial will be re- the East Coast.Contrary to some expec- tainly it is the knowledge of these projects placed during the course of the show. tations,the tour buses disgorge not only that makes PHS officials so concerned Some—digitalis,for example—are panic- garden-club members but also a diverse about the$500,000 shortfall caused by the ularly risky,so the Gales grew 494 digital- crowd that speaks to the truth that all sorts blizzard.For no matter how imaginary is plants to ensure that they had the sixty- of people love flowers;the Philadelphia the gardens created in the Philadelphia four they needed for the border. Other Flower show unites a diverse audience by Flower Show they are the direct benefac- plants,notably the flowering shrubs and a common cause.There is also the matter tors of the very real gardens of Philadel- fruit trees and the 1,100 boxwoods needed of participation:more than 2,000 volun- phia Green,which purely speak of twen- for the parterre, are reliable both for teers chosen from among the PHS mem- tieth-century urban life and bloom in blooming and surviving.The yews that bership work for the Flower Show,while their proper season. • CHARTS OF CHANGE more significant buildings to the Nation- When the focus of historic preservation al Register,Sanborn maps supplied much broadens to support historic district nom- (Continued from Page 48)materials.The of the information for filling out the nom- ination or an image for downtown revital- maps,when examined cumulatively,re- inations. When we began our facade- ization,Sanborn maps can provide neigh- veal a building's physical evolution as well improvement plan,we again consulted borhood history.Consider the evolution as changes in its use over the years. the information from the Sanborn maps of a typical Main Street downtown.Yel- When the intervention of historic to determine an accurate appearance for low buildings specified as "D.", or preservation in a building's existence is a building at a specific date. Since we "dwelling,"on an early map might reflect considered as a three-phase process of started,Historic Staunton has completed use on a later map as"Shop" or"Bil- identification,designation, and protec- several hundred facade-improvement liards.""Destroyed by Fire,"a map might tion, Sanborn maps serve as helpful— projects with building owners." note several years later,and the following and sometimes singular—resources at Rehabilitators of historic buildings who map might show a taller brick warehouse each stage. Such was the case in are adept at using Sanborn maps can oracast-iron bank. Staunton,Virginia."In the late 1970s we make esoteric restoration decisions. A Sanborn maps offer with equal clarity began our preservation planning by sur- matter as specific as the style of a shutter graphic illustrations of change in metro- veying our buildings to identify what we that is to be replicated to conform to a politan areas.In the late nineteenth cen- had."recalls William Frazier,who served date of interpretation might be decided by tury,small pink-colored clusters connot- as the founding director of Historic a building's location and function.By de- ing modest brick housing divide into Staunton, Inc. "Sanborn maps gave us termining from a map the thickness of a apartments that one might imagine ac- very detailed information about when building's wall that was common to a now commodated families newly arrived from buildings were constructed for many sec- demolished building,renovators can de- Europe, Russia,Asia,and America's tions of town and alterations beginning termine the proper treatment to stabilize South.At the turn of the century some of in the 1880s. When we designated the the exterior. the pink clusters vanish.In their place ap- MAY/JUNE 1993 91 - -,� •��- ,moi,. 'ice^' ' pear groupings of much larger blue build- Publishing Company.While working for within the structures and communities7 ings connected by broad boulevards and them I not only saw all those places I had outlined on the maps. parks.Cities apparently were assimilating heard about but I made maps of them— Bluestone,who teaches a documenta- the concepts of Frederick Law Olmsted. made diagrams of all the homes in each tion course at Columbia, envisions a Sanborn maps document the entire ex- town and city I visited.I took delight in future in which people equipped with istence of many communities,particular- putting into my records mention of real powerful hand-held computers tour a ly in the West. Sanborn surveyors fol- occupancy,genteel or disreputable.After neighborhood.Pausing in front of a build- lowed closely behind as towns sprang up four or five years of this work I knew a lot ing,they punch in coordinates. Images along emigrant routes,along railroad about our people,saints and sinners,rich and other data related to the address ap- lines,and around discoveries of natural and poor." pear on the computer screen."Most his- resources. "Many of our towns weren't Unfortunately, most of the stuff of tories tend to deal in abstractions,"says even founded until after 1889 when the Beard's inquisitiveness is left to the imagi- Bluestone. "But this would very easily federal government combined part of the nation of those who examine Sanborn conjure up for people a historical process Indian Territory and the Oklahoma Ter- maps.And for the unwary researcher,an that's complicated to explain but very ritory into the Oklahoma Territory," anticipated few minutes of research with easy for them to see. It's right there in Frantz points out. "Some of our towns Sanborn maps can easily become several front of them.In terms of a dynamic his- weren't even started until 1907 when the hours lost in tracing the life of earlier eras. tory of neighborhoods,it would be extra- territory became a state.And that was be- Still,Sanborn maps might play an im- ordinary. People would be absolutely . fore oil discoveries radically changed portant part in recapturing the human hooked." t many of our towns.Sanborn maps were narratives.Daniel Bluestone,a Columbia Such people—those who led lives of being made as our towns were being University professor of architecture,plan- vicarious experience—incurred the wrath t built." ning,and historic preservation,envisions of Don Quixote.Cervantes's hero belit- The richness of human existence,which the information gleaned from Sanborn fled privilege that allowed his contempo- i increasingly interests historic preserva- maps serving as a framework on which to raries to"journey over all the universe in tionists today,seems to have impressed overlay other documented evidence.The a map without the expense and fatigue of Daniel Carter Beard,who joined the San- Sanborn maps depict very specific traveling,without suffering the inconve- born Company in 1872 as one of its first streetscapes complete with block and niences of heat,cold,hunger,and thirst" surveyors before becoming a naturalist,an building numbers.Census returns add to to which staunch knights like himself were illustrator,an author of books for boys, Sanborn maps precisely how many people subjected.But rather than a privilege for and a founder of the Boy Scouts of Amer- occupied residential buildings.We know circumventing conflict,Sanborn maps ica."My opportunity to travel came at their names,their ages,their occupations, have become a weapon of choice for to- last,"Beard writes in his 1939 autobiogra- and their birthplaces.Photographs assign day's foot soldiers of historic preservation. phy,"and I left my then well-paying posi- styles to the buildings and faces to the Liberated from the constraints of time, tion in the[Cincinnati]engineer's office to names.Diaries give voices to the faces.As they are free to journey through history accept an appointment for a lesser amount they fit together,assorted resources begin on quests for knowledge. Surely Don as a surveyor for the Sanborn Map and to yield a much richer narrative of life Quixote would understand. V ONE FAMILY'S GIFT by itself."The paper rolls were common- the things that McMullin has actively ly used from the turn of the century to collected,but they are only the beginning { (Continued from Page 64)has opened its World War II,"says McMullin,who re- of what's in store for visitors to the ' windows and closed its shutters to effect a tired in 1992 from forty-five years as an or- McMullins'home."The house is a four- i I breeze that draws warm air out of the ganist for a Christian Science church in story curio cabinet,"says George Siekki- 1 [ house. Atlantic City. nen,the senior architect for the National [ McMullin has half a dozen phono- Trust for Historic Preservation, who The McMullins are rooted in a by- graphs—all in working order—in a room toured the house last year. gone era."My interest in the past on the second floor;they date from the More than collectors,the McMullins and in old things is a possible in- late 1800s and early 1900s.He also has an are keepers."The family was a great ac- born trait!"Robert wrote recently in a let- extensive collection of classical and early cumulator," admits Robert. "And I'm ter."My dear wife,Ginny,has a tradition- recorded music for the various machines. afraid I haven't helped." al New England background and thus has On his oldest phonograph,manufactured The McMullins have the deed that an understanding and appreciation for old by the Columbia Graphophone Company Enoch Doughty gave to his son,John,in things and my attitude toward them." from patents issued between 1886 and 1864.They have John's surveying tools and Robert,in fact,is literally attuned to the 1897,he plays music etched on a cylinder. his Civil War uniform.They have,growing past. At least once a week he cranks up On another,made by the Edison Compa- in the yard,the boxwood that was started the 1925 Victrola in the living room to lis- ny,he plays records that are so thick they from John's wife's wedding bouquet.They ten to some of his favorite 78-rpm records, resemble barbell weights. have the West Mansion's shutters,which . and just as frequently he plays the 1937 McMullin also has a modern record have been stored in their barn for more pipe organ in the dining room.Sometimes, player. But unlike the vintage phono- than 140 years.They have Robert's grand- instead of playing the organ,he'll feed a graphs,it's seldom played."By the time mother's ring-toss game and the desk that perforated roll of paper into the 1903 Ae- they switched to LPs,"says McMullin,"I she used in school.They have his aunt's , olian player that he's attached to the or- had all the music I wanted." Victrolas, Victorian dollhouse.They have the med- gan,enabling the organ to produce music pipe and reed organs,and music boxes are ical instruments of Dr.Jonathan Pitney, 92 HISTORIC PRESERVATION _ r