1668-22 Economic, Development, & Real Estate 1943-1993 SUN JUN 28 1992 ED: FINAL
SECTION: AMUSEMENTS PAGE: 11 LENGTH: 93 . 88" LONG
ILLUST: map: Lincoln Road; photo: Tamara at her folk art
gallery, LINCOLN ROAD then and now (5 ) , CathyLEFF (color) ,
)rris LAPIDUS, I .Stanley Levine (Judy DRUCKER) ; map: Lincoln
_.oad Mall; photo: Nancy LIEBMAN, Denis RUSS, Jean-Francois
LeJEUNE
SOURCE: BETH DUNLOP Herald Architecture Writer
DATELINE:
MEMO:
LINCOLN ROAD
It stretches almost a mile, from the shore of Miami Beach to the bay. In
1914 , at its inception, Lincoln Road Mall was little more than two lanes of
packed sand -- modest beginnings for its subsequent decades of glory and
decline.
Over the years the mall has tee ered from tawdry to glamorous and back.
Now, Lincoln Road faces yet another turning point. It' s at both extremes at
once, spectacular and shabby, funky and frayed, an urban puzzle with all the
troubles of any city street or park and all the allure as well.
The mall is caught in a vise, between the dreams of those con ent to
patch it up and let it evolve and the aspirations of those who would
drastically change it -- even let cars back in. There' s a lot to gain and a
lot to lose.
Walk the mall -- six blocks of its 10 have been open only to pedestri ns
since 1962 -- and its problems and pleasures unfold before you. Look past the
- ' uminum facades tacked slapdash over stucco, hiding remarkable, once-lavish
_ldings. Look past the center of the mall, a jumble of dullness and kitsch
with plants and trees, fountains and shel ers competing for space -- visual
confusion, at best.
Families go to the mall to eat sup er outdoors. Teenagers roll along the
pavement on skateboards or skates, modes of transportation that are
technically illegal but rarely enforced as such. Senior citizens browse in the
nation' s most popular Woolworth' s. Young and old, rich and poor, all find
their way to Lin oln Road.
The street is home to a burgeon ng colony of artists, dancers and
musicians. In renovated theaters there, the Miami City Ballet and the New
World Symphony practice and perform. A loose federation of 85 artists make up
the South Florida Art Center; they work in studios converted from deserted
shops. The center operates two of its own galleries, along with the open
artists ' studios, and it is joined by half a dozen others showing art that
ranges from 19th Century paintings to contemporary found objects.
Now, the future begins in earnest. Next month the city of Miami Beach
will seek a consultant to chart the mall ' s course, to decide, among other
issues, whether it will remain a pedestrian mall or welcome automobile traffic
again. In the interim, the city is spending $26, 000 to clean up and repair
the mall, using paint and preventive maintenance to cover its flaws.
In early fall the Miami Beach Commission will vote on whether to include
Lincoln Road in its Art Deco Historic District. Already, the road falls in the
square-mile section of the city listed on the National Register of Historic
Places . The new designation, being contested by a handful of Lincoln Road
property owners, would protect the Mediterranean and Art Deco buildings along
mall, preserve the generally low scale of the street and ensure that any
1i w or renovated buildings would be compatible with the old. It takes five out
of seven commissioners to approve it.
Last March the Miami Beach Development Corp. convened a two-day session
with three members of the International Downtown Executives Association, a
AO 11111=11
Washington-based trade organization, to seek consensus on Lincoln Road' s
future. That session resulted in a brief report with an ambitious title:
"Lincoln Road: Center of a World-Class City. " The first step was the
4n rmation of a task force and coordinating council; just last week city
icials began holding small "focus group" meetings to develop the wording on
cs request for consultants ' proposals.
Wide disparity
The range of opinions over Lincoln Road' s destiny is as wide as the road
itself . One member of the task force would make Lincoln Road into an urban
tropical garden filled with avant- garde public art; another would try to
attract a Wal-Mart.
Some property owners aim to create another shopping street and argue
vociferously that auto traffic is necessary to lure a Gap or Banana Republic.
But ask Ellie Stein, an artist who opened her studio on Lincoln Road in
1985 and has witnessed the mall ' s slow rebirth. Ask Tamara Hendershot, who
moved her folk art gallery, Vanity Novelty Gardens, over from Washington
Avenue to soak up the mall ' s offbeat ambience. Ask Merle Weiss, whose
secondhand clothing store, Merle ' s Closet, just opened next to the Lazy Lizard
restaurant and across from another cafe, Key East. They' ll say, in unison:
Keep the cars out.
"People love to walk there and meander and go from place to place, "
Stein said. "Lincoln Road has so much, naturally. It ' s one of the few places
you can walk. "
Stein and her fellow artists sometimes host impromptu picnics on the
mall at dusk. "Just before sunset, it ' s always cool. The breezes flow, and the
sky . . . You can see the deep blues of the sky over the ocean go into the
peachy colors of the sunset. "
The mall has spaces that allow for that kind of spontaneity. It ' s not
unusual to see Richard Pross, who owns the Toy Station, out on the mall,
-nonstrating a new toy to a youthful buyer; to see artist Jens Diercks trying
a sculpture in front of his studio; to see artist Dina Knapp changing her
inventive window displays in Books & Books.
Architecture and art
Lincoln Road has character and individuality, which is more than can be
said for many places to walk and shop in America. Miami Beach has always been
an original city, a town where dreams and invention hold sway, and if there ' s
no precedent for what' s envisioned for this mall, so be it. Lincoln Road is a
work of architecture and of art, and any plan for it ought to honor that.
There are layers of fantasy and history to be cherished on the road that
Carl Fisher built, with its sequence of buildings from the 1920s and ' 30s and
its modern layer of buildings that Morris Lapidus erected in the ' 60s.
In the 1920s, Lincoln Road was Miami ' s most illustrious shopping street,
palm-lined and elegant. The stores were posh -- Saks Fifth Avenue, Bonwit
Teller, Peck & Peck, De Pinna, Milgrim' s, Frances Brewster, Greenleaf &
Crosby, I. Miller -- and catered to the carriage trade. There were five movie
theaters -- the Lincoln, the Beach, the Colony, the Carib and the Flamingo --
showing all the best films. "My father, " said impresario Judy Drucker, who
grew up just five blocks away, "would have never dreamed of going to Lincoln
Road without a shirt and tie on. "
The beauty of many of the buildings has endured -- the Spanish Colonial
Community Church, the Mediterranean revival Van Dyke building, the Art Deco
Sterling and Barnett buildings. And where the architecture doesn't shine,
where details and ornaments have been hidden behind aluminum panels or even
destroyed, the scale and rhythm of the buildings still have the power to
".arm.
Famed architect
In the late 1950s, when the street began to slip, architect Lapidus was
in the full flush of fame for his designs of the Fontainebleau and Eden Roc
hotels. He was commissioned to turn Lincoln Road into one of the country' s
first pedestrian-only, open-air malls, from Alton Road to Washington Avenue.
OEM
Lapidus designed a jazzy centerpiece, with bold black-and-white striped
paving, fountains and planters and shelters in an assortment of offbeat
geometrical shapes: pie-wedges and trapezoids and zigzags among them.
or But Lapidus ' capricious creations now share the stage with
;tallations plopped piecemeal onto the mall over the last 30 years, with
regard to neither aesthetics nor pragmatism. Most of the fountains don't work
now, and the planters are so thick with assorted foliage that the east-west
vista is blocked. From block to block, there' s no continuity or theme.
Before the onslaught of schlock, you could stand on the mall and see the
beach to the east and the municipal golf course to the north. "You could sit
in your dentist ' s office in the Lincoln Theater building and look out and see
people playing golf, " said Jean Paul, whose husband ran the Greenleaf & Crosby
jewelers on Lincoln Road for many years.
But in the mid-1970s, the city completed a vast parking garage along the
north side of the mall. That allowed one block, where Euclid Avenue would have
cut through, to be closed and two avenues, Pennsylvania and Drexel, to be
reduced to little more than alleys. The result: disorientation, always a
danger in a public place.
The ' 70s were cruel to Lincoln Road. Miami Beach' s population got older
and poorer, and the fine shops moved to Bal Harbour or Palm Beach or closed.
Shoe stores, electronics outlets, luggage and souvenir shops moved in. By the
early 1980s, the mall was punctuated with empty storefronts, a bleak portrait
of a once-grand street turned sleazy.
Artists ' brigade
Then came the artists.
A group led by Ellie Schneiderman formed the South Florida Art Center
and began to rent the vacant buildings. Bright- painted canvases and ceramics
and sculpture began to fill the picture windows on the street. "Some spaces
simply looked bombed out, " remembers artist Stein. "Before I moved in, I
1 czdered what had happened. It was just so desolated. "
Almost simultaneously, the Colony Theater reopened, a renovation project
by the Miami Beach Development Corp. Edward Villella joined the visual
artists, setting up the offices and rehearsal studios for the brand new Miami
City Ballet on the mall, near Jefferson Avenue.
Ted Arison bought the Lincoln Theatre to convert it to offices and a
concert hall for the New World Symphony, the fledgling national youth training
orchestra.
Restaurants followed; some closed quickly but some endured, and others
joined them. Books & Books of Coral Gables opened a Beach store in the
Sterling Building, and other independent shopkeepers followed to join the
handful of merchants (among them Moseley' s, Stuart ' s Stride Rite and Gray &
Son Jewelers) who had weathered even the toughest years.
In the last year, the pace has quickened. As Ocean Drive filled with
tourists and clogged with traffic, the appeal of Lincoln Road grew.
"It ' s happening slower than Ocean Drive, which makes it better, with
more feeling, " said folk art gallery owner Hendershot. "On Ocean Drive,
there ' s no emotional depth. It ' s all facade. Here, there ' s depth. "
"Local people would rather come to Lincoln Road, " lawyer
Howard Gross said at a focus group meeting last week.
And so, on open gallery nights, the curious join the collectors. A
recent outdoor party and art auction at the South Florida Art Center drew 300
people, lingering, talking, dancing. On any given weeknight, families dine at
one of the mall ' s many outdoor cafes, listening to live folk music or taped
swing while their children frolic on ovals of grass.
A long-term vision for Lincoln Road is needed, and the time for it is
J. Spec ' s, the Florida-based music-video empire, is putting an outlet into a
renovated building at Lincoln and Washington. Mark Soyka and Jeffrey
Dispensieri, owners of the smash-hit News Cafe on Ocean Drive, have bought the
Van Dyke Building and plan to open a ground-floor cafe. A French market is
slated for Lincoln and Pennsylvania. A branch of a Soho antiques and
MOM AMMONIUM
collectibles dealer is moving next to the Toy Station. Art dealer Erwin Stern
is opening a design center in a series of storefronts he owns.
A plan of prosperity
The essential step now is to come up with a plan to connect the ill-
Tined blocks of Lincoln Road itself, to allow the street to prosper but
rotect it from exploitation or overbuilding.
It ' s important to connect Lincoln Road to the rest of Miami Beach, to
the Art Deco District to the east, to the Convention Center and the Jackie
Gleason Theater to the north. An element of that connection ought to be public
transportation, maybe trams. Intersections could be augmented, treated as
separate and important traffic plazas, widened to allow for drop-off lanes and
transit waiting areas.
Walkers must be made more comfortable, too. Many buildings have no
awnings, and the tiny ones in place offer little protection. Where there is
shade, there are no seats; where there are seats, there' s no shade. The
foliage, ugly and haphazard, is of little help; why not bring back the rows of
royal palms that lined the sidewalks for four decades?
All this would attract more people at night, as would more special
events. Now, the South Florida Art Center has regular openings and occasional
street parties, the Colony and the Lincoln draw nighttime crowds, and next
year the Convention and Visitors Bureau will stage seven outdoor cultural
festivals, another potential boost. The city' s proscription against bicyclists
and roller skaters and, just as absurdly, street performers, ought to be
lifted.
Art as unifying element
Lincoln Road is the ideal place for the kind of public art and
architecture projects the county is trying at the Miami International Airport;
art could become the distinguishing and unifying element of the public space.
On Thursday Carlos Alves, a South Florida Art Center ceramic artist, got
-mission to tile a fountain outside his studio in the 1000 block with the
J_p of local high school art students.
There ' s no reason why there can't be more of this as Lincoln Road
evolves, turning each block into a prize, artistically individual yet
architecturally unified. A bird' s eye view, from the rooftop of a corner
building, suggests that Lincoln Road is really more a sequence of linked
squares than a street or a mall, and once that idea gels, the rest can follow.
Into the equation must come architecture and a healthy respect for
history. A facade-restoration program might recall the road' s former
architectural splendor and would certainly make it more appealing. The signs,
sounds and lighting of the mall need to be attended to as well.
There might be an argument to open up the westernmost and easternmost
ends of the mall to cars, but the rest of Lincoln Road, between Drexel and
Lenox, doesn' t need traffic.
Symbolically speaking, Lincoln Road could be to Miami -- and to the
country -- what the Piazza San Marco is to Venice but with fewer pigeons. It
could be an urban space where people would gather, linger. It could be a
showplace of public art and urban landscape, where the traditional and the
avant-garde coexist.
The impulse in America is to copy -- another Cocowalk, another Bayside
-- but the challenge is to keep Lincoln Road a truly original place.
We 've got the real thing now; let ' s not succumb to the ersatz .
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