1661-6 Seaport •
•
THE MILITARYENGINEER Vol. XXVIII, No. 160••"i
1` ..kv.a- • 1. .. .
', s —� The Port of Miami, Florida "��, �-
' READER: -,,..
'j'.. NOTICE TO ed bl,-• -,,.;
' J. R. PEYTON •
This material may be protect n rt
copyright law (Title 17 U•S• C" c3, '
Senior Engineer '
• i::41;= .
THE city of. Miami is situated on the western of limes and tropical fruits, was .transported in "--- ---
1 shore of Biscayne Bay, near its northern end, schooners to Key West for shipment to the northern"- -II. -
about 45 miles north of the southern extremity markets. The railroad company constructed a water :4•.
of the Florida peninsula, 160 miles north and east of front terminal on the'Miami River, not far from the -,};
Key West, and about 335 miles south of the mouth site of Fort Dallas, which was established in 1836.1. } i''
of the St. Johns River. Biscayne Bay is a shallow during the early days of the Seminole Indian War.!'-ii..,'", ' a,
salt water sound, about 38 miles long and from 3 to The entering of the railroad into the territory as-t ,. : r
9. miles wide, partially separated from the Atlantic ' sured the beginning of a town which was named ;=. .
Ocean by a narrow peninsular land strip, a chain of Miami, meaning "sweet water" in the Seminole In-
small islands known as keys, and a series of shoals dian language. The village was incorporated in July,-I,f;,`` 4
between the keys. The greatest natural depths in 1896, with a population of about 500, and has grown ' ,•t
Biscayne Bay average from 6 to 10 feet. The bay is to a city with a resident population of about 130,000 ,7-; .,,..t:.
connected with the Atlantic Ocean by shallow natu- in less than 40 years and a post office rated in the - f -
ral passages between the keys and shoals, and by two million dollar annual-business class. As the original ` . , r
artificial cuts through the barrier peninsula. The Cape Florida entrance route was obstructed by nu- z- .t.td
city of Miami Beach occupies the peninsula between merous reefs and shoals with controlling depths rang- .-. -=
ing from 3 to 7 feet, the railroad company inaugu-, = ''�
:_ j";I rated a dredging program in 1896 to provide a 12- _. ., 4L :.'
j. i i t foot channel from the Miami River terminal to the --..-.2';.-4.,
.. -1__-J �j ja ��l ;. !t' II sea via this route. Later the railroad company
1-' 1 f0 i:1 ).::::;:INdredged a channel across Biscayne Bay and its ter =•t
_Lrt� ', • .. T —- "� , • ' minal was moved to a site on the bay where a turn 7
t ,° �, :,;
-.•f1A... `- ..,---.�' � Si_ .�w.. i basin had also been dredged. In August, 1896,
iii l[rt. ,-9:1 '_� i � , n f::....... ing
!y__1;;:=: �� °p '�:, `J " """ v the railroad company began operating steamers twice - -i, .
_�'1gi.1 i i _�;i:-.j..:� ' `• o a week to Key West. This service was extended to
+ !• -/4 v jam%'' Havana, Cuba, and, during the winter months, to • .;c; -
=-_ • :i 1 4, , sir;:= Nassau. A coastwise steamer service was later estab- .
� c�=1L ,,` 1 )e RUCur
___ _-_,__ �' lisped from Jack onville and thus the activities of ;.'_a
s� •
j
�_s` a`p the Port of Miami really began, ;
se ,..;..► 0 ,
';;;,...y� ;"' -!•,: �c >i^ ,,,P t Improvements by the United States ,
\�C� `.DINNEERKE ° The River and Harbor Act of March 3, 1899, made .
' � • ` �r P 1 ? provision for a special survey and the preparation of >-
--. �,,,,. !,, o j a project for harbor improvement at Miami, Florida,
t �
�:,- __.g..7%—..—..---..—.. y Q then a town of about 2,500 population. Three routes '
l�:.:�� uwTa
5 „ N were considered by the Board of Engineer Officers
eui ` •"' for an 18-foot channel from Miami to the sea via ' `
.....�S
i.-,''' 'WPM Cape Florida, Bear Cut, and Norris Cut. A channel - -
,N-^ 0 N .- -c — through the land point some 3,500 feet north of Nor-
ai ris Cut was reported as presenting the most favorable
t° . features. The River and Harbor Act of .June 13, . it.
i SCALE 1902, authorized the initial improvement of Miami ,--_j`'
o 3.. Harbor, involving the construction of a north jetty .:•,i • .i.
and the cut through the barrier strip near Norris -
--- -- Cut, and included provision for a refuge basin on '`�
• I.. Port of itu.n.t the easterly side of Biscayne Bay. The estimated cost
of the work was placed at $1,493,743, and provided '
the bay and the ocean, across the bay from Miami for a channel through the barrier strip into the At- `': .
and north of the ship channel. It is connected with lantic Ocean 18 feet deep and 150 feet wide. A fea-
the mainland by three causeways crossing the bay. ture of local cooperation in the act stipulated that a. ..• .....
Prior 'to the building of the Florida East Coast channel across Biscayne Bay and a basin adjacent to -;_
Railroad into the Biscayne Bay territory in April, the wharves at r'i ia'ni should be constructed by local -' ;we #''"
1896, there were only two families living in what is interests and main ained for three years. The Act
now the city of Miami, and they were located on of March 2, 1907, fixed the width of the channel be-' i ,,.',.,,,i
either side of the Miami River near its mouth. Two tween the jetties at 100 feet and authorized the con-. ' ,-
days were required to transport mail overland from struction of the south jetty. ` ,
the nearest post office at Lantana on the south end The Act of .July 25, 1912, provided for a channel .. .,....•-: y,: ,
- of Lake Worth, some 60 miles northward. Each win- 20 feet deep and 300 feet wide through .the jetties,..- -
ter a few yachtsmen visited the locality and what and also for certain jetty extensions. The construe- -
produce there was for export, consisting principally tion of the refuge basin, on which no work had been •
• I. ,
v-
ISCIG
4
. •tar'^.:.. .`_'.". '"
- August; 1936 .r •
THE MILITARY ENGINEER247
accomplished, was eliminated from the project. The the rubble-mound type of construction, which are
','et of March 3, 1925, authorized a depth of 25 feet parallel and 1,000 feet apart. The north jetty is
fiOni the Atlantic Ocean in through the jetties and 3,665 feet long and projects into the sea 700art.alsThe north jetty the taking over of the 18-foot by 100- further than the south jetty which is 2,875 feet long.
-foot channel constructed by the City of Miami across The littoral drift is from north to south. Each jetty
Biscayne Bay, and to increase the dimensions of this extends approximately 800 feet inshore from the
'channel to 200 feet in width and a 25-foot depth. The beach and is supplemented at its inner end by a
-- further extension of the jetties was also authorized. revetment of native limestone. A total of approxi-
,The local cooperation feature in this act provided mately 350,000 tons of angular stone has been placed
• . ' that local interests should dredge the existing turn- in the jetties and revetments. Native limestone was
..;'_ing basin at the municipal docks at Miami to a used with granite for the exposed portions of the
'.;_''depth of 25 feet. No further modification to the structures. From the seaward ends of the jetties the
s;jetties at Miami Harbor entrance has been contained. channel widens to 500 feet. From the turning basin
_,�, .in subsequent acts, as the structures are functioning at the Miami municipal terminals to a distance of
i.. satisfactorily. The act of July 3, 1930, authorized 3,900 feet beyond the sea end of the north jetty, the
-Z,.:the taking over and the enlargement of the turning channel is straight; a deflection to the northeast
� and theprovision of a 300-foot width across then occurs for a distance of about 6 000 feet to the
► basin, ,
' r.Biscayne Bay. The turning basin was enlarged to a 30-foot contour. At the shoreward end of Govern-
`depth of 25 feet, but, to date, no work has been un- ment Cut an auxiliary channel, with depths of 19
r. dertaken under any project involving the increasing to 25 feet, branches off westward from the main ship
1,,,'"'.;'k of the channel width across Biscayne Bay from 200 channel along the north side of Terminal Island; an-
t �'^ to 300 feet. The act of August 30, 1935, authorized other channel with a depth of 19 feet, known as the
.,'.;'- deepening to provide a depth of 30 feet in the chan- "Meloy Channel," branches off northward from the
— .'•;'•nel from the ocean to and in the turning basin with main ship channel along the bay front of Miami
• the existing authorized project widths including a Beach. Several secondary channels of lesser depths
elrr width of 300 feet in the channel across the bay. All exist in the bay. No bridges cross the ship channel
.`t work under this authorization except the widening of under improvement, which is about 6 miles long.
-" the bay channel was completed during December, The turning basin at the Miami municipal terminals
1935, its execution having been undertaken early in is the southern terminus of the Intracoastal Water-
1934 with funds provided by the Public Works Ad- way route extending southward from Trenton, New
' ministration. The project is about 82 per cent cora- Jersey. The Miami River flows in a southeasterly
pleted. The total Federal expenditures on the im- direction through the down-town section of Miami 1
provement of Miami Harbor have been about $8,000,- and empties into Biscayne Bay about a mile south of
'• 000, less than 10 per cent of which amount pertained the commercial water front.
to hired labor operations. Of this total, $1,125,000 The prescribed anchorage area for vessels anchor-
.. pertained to the construction and maintenance of the ing outside of the harbor is about 1 mile north of
k , jetties and revetments and the balance to dredging. the sea buoy indicating the entrance. There is no
..i Due to encountering a relatively high percentage of inside anchorage area, vessels mooring at terminals
{ '' limestone rock, the cost of the dredging was increased on either side of the bay. The mean tidal variation
particularly as the greater channel depths werese- is 2.2 feet at the entrance and 1.5 feet in the bay.
j "
cured. This project has required only a relatively The prevailing winds are southeasterly.
small amount of maintenance dredging. At one time
or another every type of dredge has been employed Local Cooperation
on the work. Additional widening•of the turning The 18-foot channel to be constructed across the
. - basin on the south side at an estimated cost of $300.- bay by the railroad company was never completed,
000 is proposed by the Federal Government. although it was dredged from 12 to 14 feet deep and
over $200,000 wasded on it during period
,i' Description of the Harbor expended e the
1903-1906. A 5-foot depth still exists and this route
The harbor at Miami embraces the artificial basins is used to some extent by small craft. In 1915 the
and channels that have been dredged along the city City of Miami began the construction of an 18-foot
0, water front and through the shoal waters of Biscayne by 100-foot channel across Biscayne Bay to more
Bay into the Atlantic Ocean. Three connecting ba- directly connect with the Government Channel at
sins are situated along the Miami water front. The the entrance. This channel was completed in 1917,
" most northerly is the municipal turning basin, 1,400 the dredged material being utilized in the construe-
feet by 1,150 feet in size, with a depth of 30 feet; tion of a causeway connecting Miami with the town
;',.": immediately south thereof is the Florida East Coast of Miami Beach which was incorporated as a separate
Railway terminal basin, with a controlling depth of municipality in 1917. The resident population is now
13 feet; farther south, the municipal yacht anchorage about 14,000. The Collins bridge (now Venetian
it-; basin, with depths ranging from 16 feet at the north- causeway) was constructed across the bay in 1912,
t' erly end to 12 feet at the southerly end, extends and thus started the transformation of the barrier
t,'-z along Bay Front Park to the mouth of the Miami land strip from a mangrove jungle to a highly im-
' - River where a privately-owned yacht dock for smaller proved semitropical area. Material dredged from
' craft is provided. From the municipal turning basin the bay bottom was utilized to raise the ground level
'p a channel 200 feet wide and 30 feet deep extends and over 37 miles of bulkheads were constructed.
,:t,-- southeasterly across Biscayne Bay to its eastern shore During 1935 over $8,000,000 was expended in Miami
i.='. +,. line. There it widens to 300 feet to pass into the Beach, principally for the construction of additional
1''. . ocean through an artificial opening 1,000 feet wide hotels and apartment houses better to care for the
• F,. ., known as Government Cut, protected by jetties of increasing numbers of winter visitors.
Ife.e,eoe:e......v...............„,...-- f . ••: •:,. ' '1.
°"`. • ENGINEERX
THE MILITARY Vol. VIII, No. 160 . -r`••
'
At the western terminus of the bay channel a yard, one a tank storage plant for petroleum prod-. 't:
turning basin was dredged and the construction of ucts, and one a fuel oil receiving wharf for the Flor-. _
the municipal terminals was begun as required by ida Power and Light Company power plant. The .: . •' �-.,
the River and Harbor Act of July 25, 1912, which, municipal piers are located along the western edge of • "
in authorizing the further improvement of Miami the turning basin, with present depth of 25 feet, ... ;•:.'•: t?.
Harbor, imposed the condition that local interests berthing space of about 6,000 feet, and with ware-. . K .
• .should provide suitable terminals open to the public houses, precooling plant, highway and rail connec- .;__-i;;-: ::{ '; a
use. The River and Harbor Act of March 3, 1925, tions to both railways. Municipal pier Number 4 is ."' .': ?.s{
authorized the Secretary of War to receive funds located along the Miami end of the county cause= ''=t= Y-3'iA
from' local interests and expend same for the imme- way; it affords a depth of 18 feet, and a berthing :•.
diate prosecution of authorized river and harbor im- space of 1,400 feet, but has no warehouses or rail.:-.:-f
.;:_. -; `
provement, these funds to be repaid without interest connections, and is used principally for mooring . : .• .
at a later date when provided by Congress. Under large yachts. A privately-owned basin for smaller :. ii
this authorization the City of Miami advanced $1, yachts is located adjacent to Royal Palm Park near . .:r _y
605,000 to hasten the prosecution of the 25-foot the mouth of the Miami River. Facilities are avail- " •'.
project which was completed in October, 1927, and able throughout the harbor for caring for six hun-
• thus opened the harbor to a class.of vessels formerly clrecl yachts. The Florida East Coast Railway pier,
•
unable to enter it. The act of _ --�.
August-30, 1935, authorizing the . e .
30-foot depth imposed the condi- • A ..:
tion that local interests should - • �-
provide sufficient slips and berths -T. •� � �''"�'"""'® " .
at the Miami terminals adequate -
for the full utilization of the • .
increased depth. In accordance ;' "'`
with this requirement, the City of - . '
"' •
..
Miami is arranging to dredge two �r f •
slips at the municipal terminals �= _
• to a depth of 28 feet, and widen '.
and deepen a third slip to a depth
/ • ,,
of 30 feet, including the construe-
dr._ . :
tion of a modern passenger and •
freight terminal building adjacent ,_, ni ' ,P . 1� ,
to the deeper slip. Total expendi- ,•• - .. 4
tures by the City of Miami for R. ..•. J
,.
harbor improvements have exceed- I .:; ti
ed $4,000,000, and this figure will w" ' '\ i �
,, , qty_. , , .a.
be increased by more than $540,- / -
a•'
000 to defray the cost of the pro O.W.Romer terminal improvements. Pri- Miami Harbor, Looking East to Miami Bench
•
vate interests have also spent large
sums for the construction of terminals and lateral also known as "The Peninsular and Occidental •
.�
channels located' at Terminal Island, Miami Beach, Steamship Company pier," is south of the municipal
and at the easterly turn in the -county causeway. piers on the Miami water front. Itaffords berthing
space of 1,425 feet, with a depth of 13 feet across
Terminal Facilities the face, and from 4 to 13 feet along the sides. The
There are twenty-four piers and wharves located at municipal terminals are open to the use of all on >d.
the Port of Miami and used for commercial purposes, equal terms.
•
of which the City of Miami owns and operated four With the improvements proposed by the City of
and the City of Miami Beach owns one. The re- Miami at the municipal docks, it is considered the ::.Y
mainder are owned by various private interests. terminal facilities will be adequate to meet the needs
These facilities afford an approximate total berthing of the port for a considerable period in the future.
space of 12,713 feet, with depths of water ranging Private interests, however, are reported as propos- •
%.•
from 4 to 25 feet. Three tank storage plants for ing to increase their facilities at the causeway termi- :11
petroleum products are located on Meloy Channel nals.
in Miami Beach. These are of bulkhead construction The United States Quarantine Station is located on
with timber extensions, and afford a depth of 19 feet Terminal Island, but it is not provided with facilities
of water. On Terminal Island a commercial oil- for mooring large vessels. No United States marine
handling and bunkering plant is maintained with hospital is maintained at the port. However, the
a depth of 25 feet. This is connected with the United States Public Health Service is considering -i:f
Florida East Coast Railway dock on the Miami water the erection of a marine hospital in the Miami area.
front by a ferry capable of transferring loaded tank The records indicate the number of marine hospital
cars to the railroad spurs on that dock. The City beneficiaries requiring treatment at Miami increased 'L
of Miami has considered applying for authority to from twenty-nine in 1923 to one thousand two hun-
establish a foreign trade zone on Terminal Island. dred and thirty-four in 1934.
Four wharves are located on. the causeway terminals, As most of Miami's water-borne commerce has
off the county causeway; one is a ferry terminal for either local origin or destination, the interchange of
•service to Terminal Island, one a builders' material business between rail and water carriers is compara-
_._....
•
ju1y-August, 1936 THE MILITARY ENGINEER 249
r;• tively small. No terminals are provided with me- The coastwise lines absorb the usual handling
'chanical equipment for handling freight, all of which charges in transportation rates. At the municipal
is handled by hand or by ships' tackle. Longshore- docks carload shipments are allowed 72 hours and
•-z ' man labor is on the open market plan. The principal less than carload shipments, 96 hours free time, ex-
'-,(--t` function of the port is to serve a growing and close- elusive of Sundays and legal holidays, before storage
in hinterland, the future business of which alone in- charges begin. After the expiration of this free time
'...-",':--:•: dicates the continued growth with the resultant needs the storage charges for carload shipments are $2.00
`raw for ample facilities. Miami's real salable product is per car per day for the first 3 days, and $5.00 per
its climate. car per day for succeeding days; for less than car-
• There are no dry-dock facilities for large vessels load lots the charges are 1Y0 cents per 100 pounds
; z at Miami Harbor. Ample facilities, however, exist per day for the first 3 days and 3 cents per 100
'-‘'..'••••-•:'-: long the Miami River for smaller craft. As au- pounds per day for succeeding days. The charges at
,,R.; the railroad terminal for wharfage, handling, and
rrer•-�•W.T..•I•••t.n.'•:,p. -'—'i. '- '
r•'°'' -' • y,.••••y• , ••• r storage, are those published in Agent Roy Pope's
.••�„•. -L •.:_':. - • ' t' = Port Charges Tariff I. C. C. 1884.
.. '`• vadP.,�•i 17 ,, ' `r "°"'a$ a.;._. • Commerce
Yx "lot'�� .--;'- t '! , Little commercial use of the 18-foot channel across
' , '•{{ • .��_.. �� Biscayne Bay was made prior to 1922, the Cape
;i �� 'L • �, --° •_� '-• • Florida route being followed. Several steamship
��� � e +" • companies however, soon began sending their smaller
� � � • :� coastwise vessels into Miami, establishing both freight
`` `-ti and passenger schedules. Channel conditions were
"•. further improved and the
`• e port's shipping rapidly
._� F developed as a direct result of one of the greatest
` real estate booms in history, and reached a total of
about 2,500,000 tons in 1925. On January 10, 1926.
Ship Entering Channel through Biscayne Bay a memorable event occurred in the history of Miami
Harbor when the steel barkentine Prins Valdemar
thorized by the River and Harbor Act of July 3, capsized in the westerly end of the channel across •
1930, a project extending 51/-• miles above the mouth Biscayne Bay, completely blocking it. More than
of the Miami River providing for a depth of 15 feet fifty vessels were bottled up in the harbor and about
under flood conditions was completed in 1933. The seventy vessels lay at anchor in the sea off the en-
cost of this work was about $600,000. trance until a by-pass channel was dredged around
the capsized barkentine. The railroad*had already
Port Administration and Terminal Charges declared a freight embargo and with shipping at a
The control of the port is vested in the Commis- standstill it was claimed the daily loss was in excess
siouers of the City of Miami, with administrative of $100.000 until the harbor was cleared. The Prins
authority exercised through the city manager and a
harbor master. Under the terms of the charter the I :
cityhaspower to establish, construct, maintain, and `"' - '
sus` .
operate public landings, wharves, and docks within x .r •eal escity; to acquire by condemnation or otherwise .".. . �.�`
all lands, riparian and other rights and easements -"• � '- - — ,,..
\:.�
necessary for such purposes; to lay and collect rex- _ • �� '-` '
sonable duties or wharfage fees on vessels coming . �--i _'' t°`" •Y ;y ;'.y-. „''•'y'
to or using such landings, wharves, and docks; to _ .,. ;.,-.
regulate the manner of using other docks and ` ` `��+='''"'=—
wharves within the city and rates of wharfage to be - ., t ' rst • ,� ' •
paid by vessels using them; to dredge or deepen the - S"• . • . �?t►�."�
harbor or river or anybranch orportion thereof• ." "
to prescribe and enfore reasonable ules and regu- -
lations for the protection and use of its properties;
and to impose and enforce adequate penalties for the .
violation of such rules and regulations. Dinner he, Seaplane Base
At the municipal terminals, docking charges for
all classes of boats, other than those owned by lessees, Valdcnutr was later raised by the Federal Govern-
subsidiary or affiliated companies, and yachts, are anent, and for some time has been utilized for an
as follows: 2 cents per gross ton per day for the first aquarium and marine museum at Bay Front Park.
2 days; 1 cent per gross ton per day for the next 28 The commerce of the port during recent years has
1: days, after which the rate is 3 cents per gross ton not equalled that obtaining under the abnormal con-
per day. The charge for yachts is 3 cents per foot ditions of the boom days, but has been averaging
per day. The city assesses a wharfage charge of 2 each year somewhat under 1,000,000 tons. This ton-
..
. cents per 100 pounds for commodities in the sixth or nage consists principally in petroleum products,
higher classes and 3/4 cent per 100 pounds for corn- building material, and miscellaneous commodities as
°= modifies lower than sixth class. The charges are applied to imports. The exports, although not keep-
`, Payable by the owner of the cargo and are not ab- ing pace with the imports, have shown an increase,
• i;••-•:. sorbed in the transportation rates. and consist largely of citrus fruits and winter vege-
P• a:
r
r
•
i_
250 THE MILITARY ENGINEER Vol. XXVIII, No. 160 ,•, t_
P t
/ tables. The establishment in 1928 of a precooling • ,•' v"
Miami in the greatest international air lane in the '' .3
plant on one of the municipal piers greatly increased western hemisphere. Here a modern terminal, with '. •>"K �`
it.
the eaport. movement. The total custom receipts for the necessary hangars, ramps, and landing stages,' •:" ' ,-41.,the year 1934 amounted to about $250,000. has been provided from which regular schedules are . `,• '_
Prior to about 1922 the railroad brought into the maintained to thirty-twocountriesin the West In- •.'...- V.,:,,
Miami area the bulk of the freight tonnage and dies, Central, and South America. The water front `
handled virtually all of the passenger traffic. Since of the 36-acre tract is protected by a steel sheet pile ••'":'
that time, however, there has been an increasing bulkhead 3,700 feet long. It soon developed that the.,::::. 2-.4,
movement of freight by the water lines, even though shallow water of Biscayne Bay adjacent to the land- "' ,:-1
a second railroad now serves the area. The Seaboard ing terminal was of insufficient depth to safely ma. ::~_ -•
Air Line Railway was built into Miami in 1926. The neuver the large seaplanes and the War Department ;; '.';,:`.1
water-borne passenger traffic in 1935 amounted to Appropriation Act of July 14, 1932, authorized the ' •..
over one hundred thousand with four steamship corn- construction of an approach channel 6 feet by 700
panies regularly serving the port. Consular officers feet by 4,000 feet, enlarged at the inner end. The t • t `-_
for nineteen foreign governments are located at dredging of this channel was completed in 1933 and :Y` ,
Miami. Tramp steamers, cruise ships, all classes of the project is unique in that it constituted the first 7 •
yachts, and naval vessels supplement the regular case where the War Department, charged by law -g+
entries. The transient population of the Miami area with the maintenance and improvement of the nevi- `yr
at times during the winter months probably equals gable waters of the United States in the interests ` ,2
that of the resident population. No doubt one feature of commerce and navigation, extended this function .
which contributes to the large number of winter to cover the operations of aircraft. It was considered
visitors is the availability of five different means of that the direct benefits to aerial navigation by the
modern transportation. Larger cruise ships with construction of the approach channel would he na-
hundreds of additional visitors are expected to take tional in scope and the records indicate that almost
advantage of the deeper channel recently completed, as many visitors from foreign ports enter Miami Har- -
and with probably $100,000,000 worth of yachts us- bor by air as by sea. Last year 750 steamships
ing the port during a normal season, these are among brought in from abroad 17,000 passengers, while
the compelling reasons for the construction of a har- 1,135 seaplanes landed more than 16,000
passengers
bor at Miami. at the Dinner hey terminal which is an international -
Dinner Key Airport airport of entry. Over 31,000 passengers passed •";r
through this airport last year on their way into or •
While not primarily a harbor development feature, out of the United States. In addition, over 103 tons '
it is considered a description of the port facilities at of mail and 87 tons of cargo were transported. The
Miami would be incomplete without mention of the. United States Coast Guard sea plane life-saving sta- . •
seaplane base completed in 1934 by the Pan Ameri- tion is located adjoining the commercial terminal.
can Airways at the Dinner Key site some 4 miles Here seaplanes are ever ready for emergency calls
i south of the center of the city, which is one of the and special ambulance seaplanes are employed to • •
1 world's largest marine airports, and has placed transport ashore hospital cases from vessels at sea.
1 i
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/^ Request # 87 of 108
Screer. o 1 f 2 ^ ILL record updated to IN PROCESS.
�
CAW YOU SUPPLY ? EYES 1.NO OCOND IFUl URE DATE: 4l
ILL : 662233?5 Borrower : DZM ReqData : 920810 Gtatus: PENDING 920310
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_-I_~: 16456.4 �meeonffor e: 9204092040c: RecDate: Ren lR
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Lender : *�U�.FUG,FTU,GUA,AAA DueD�te: N ewaD eq :
l CALLNO: euue ate2 AUTHOR: Peyton, J .R . T K \ �� | -VCr
| 1, 3 TITLE: The Mi l itary engineer . cG -T- ` ' -^ �
1, 4 EDITION: T � \ *'
1 5IMPRINT: LAlexandrie, VA, etc . , Suczet`\ of American Mjlit —
1- 6 ARTICLE: Port of Miami , Florida 48 arY Engineers]
1 7 VOL : 28NO: 160 DATE: Jul-aug 1936 PAGES: 246-50 T
~ 8 VERIFIED: OCLC qD
* 9 PAMON: Wiggins, Larry/kmd $ �
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