Resolution 2019-30690 RESOLUTION NO. 2019-30690
A RESOLUTION OF THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY
OF MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA, AUTHORIZING THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF A MIAMI BEACH BETA TEST FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
ENGINEERING, ARTS, AND MUSIC (STEAM) PLUS FOR THE 2018-19
SCHOOL YEAR, IN AN AMOUNT NOT TO EXCEED $188,542, FOR THE
PERIOD OF FEBRUARY THROUGH JUNE, 2019; AND
FURTHER, AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO NEGOTIATE, AND
THE CITY MANAGER AND CITY CLERK TO EXECUTE, AN AGREEMENT
WITH THE BASS MUSEUM OF ART TO IMPLEMENT THIS BETA TEST
EDUCATIONAL ENHANCEMENT FOR THE 2018-19 SCHOOL YEAR.
WHEREAS, in January 2008, the City of Miami Beach, Florida ("City") entered into an
Education Compact with Miami-Dade County Public Schools (M-DCPS) to enhance learning
opportunities for youth; and
WHEREAS, the Education Compact reflects the desire of the Miami Beach community
to support excellence in the City's public schools; and
WHEREAS, the Education Compact currently addresses and supports the following
priority areas: Teacher Recruitment/Retention; Communication; Parental Involvement/Family
Support; Youth and Community Engagement; Health and Well-Being; Student Achievement;
Safety; and Technology; and
WHEREAS, in Resolution No. 2015-28997, the City Commission directed the
Administration to expand the Compact to address the following areas: Early Learning;
Extracurricular/Choice Offerings; and Afterschool Programming; and
WHEREAS, the City has entered into contracts with M-DCPS and other organizations
for the following initiatives: Voluntary Pre-kindergarten (VPK) at Fienberg Fisher K-8 Center
and Biscayne Elementary; Dual Enrollment Expansion through partnerships with Florida
International University and Miami-Dade College at Miami Beach Senior High School and
Nautilus Middle School; and an Afterschool Teen Program at Nautilus Middle School; and
WHEREAS, the City plans to partner with Miami-Dade County Public Schools to
implement a Beta Test for a Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics
(STEAM) Plus program with all six Miami Beach public schools (kindergarten - 12th grade) and
six local cultural institutions; and
WHEREAS, the STEM to STEAM movement has been taking root over the past several
years and is surging forward as a positive model of action to truly meet the needs of a 21st
century economy. STEM alone misses several key components that many employers,
educators, and parents have voiced as critical for our children to thrive in the present and
rapidly approaching future. STEAM is an educational approach to learning that uses Science,
Technology, Engineering, the Arts, and Mathematics as access points for guiding student
inquiry, dialogue, and critical thinking. The end results are students who take thoughtful risks,
engage in experimental learning, persist in problem-solving, embrace collaboration, and work
through the creative process. These are the innovators, educators, leaders, and learners of the
21st Century; and
1
WHEREAS, STEAM is a program inspiring students to engage and prepare in science,
technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics to work with cultural anchors to infuse theatre,
visual arts, dance, and music in traditional class offerings and is a pilot program to promote
career and college readiness; and
WHEREAS, given the expanded approach offered by STEAM, the City of Miami Beach
has been exploring options to help promote the deployment of a STEAM Initiative in Miami
Beach Public Schools and, as part of this effort, the Manager and Mayor of Miami Beach met
with Superintendent Alberto Carvalho to explore potential opportunities to deploy STEAM as
part of the regular school curriculum; and
WHEREAS, the Bass Museum of Art ("Bass") has reached out to the City with a
coordinated approach that involves multiple cultural institutions in the City; and
WHEREAS, the participating institutions include the Bass Museum, Miami City Ballet,
New World Symphony, the Jewish Museum, the Wolfsonian, and Young Musicians United; and,
the schools include Biscayne Elementary, Feinberg Fisher, Nautilus Middle, North Beach
Elementary, Miami Beach Senior High School, and South Pointe Elementary; and
WHEREAS, the program will be referred to as a STEAM Plus initiative and is a program
inspiring students to engage and prepare in science, technology, engineering, arts, and
mathematics; and
WHEREAS, the "Plus" component of this initiative is the City's pilot program to promote
career and college readiness; and
WHEREAS, the Beta Test concept will bring passion, creativity, knowledge, and skill to
the classroom guiding students to develop their own creative expressions, and students will
participate in school programs and receive quality art instruction and create quality work.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT DULY RESOLVED BY THE MAYOR AND THE CITY
COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA that the Mayor and City
Commission hereby authorize the implementation of a City of Miami Beach Beta Test for
Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Music (STEAM) Plus for the 2018-2019 School
Year, in an amount not to exceed $188,542, for the period of February through June, 2019; and,
further, authorize the City Manager to negotiate, and the City Manager and the City Clerk to
execute, an agreement with the Bass Museum of Art to implement the Beta Test educational
enhancement for the 2018-19 School Year.
PASSED AND ADOPTED this day of January, 2019.
ATTEST:
1-7-4/ .
Ian = •er;Vayor
3l
Rafael E. Gran o, it Clerk APPROVED AS TO
FORM&LANGUAGE
&FOR EXECUTION
(Sponsored by Mayor Dan Gelber) r a
f- c U- f
City Attorney T Date
2
Resolutions - R7 M
MIAMI BEACH
COMMISSION MEMORANDUM
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Commission
FROM: Jimmy L. Morales, City Manager
DATE: January 16, 2019
SUBJECT:A RESOLUTION OF THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY
OF MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA, TO IMPLEMENT A MIAMI BEACH BETA
TEST FOR SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING ARTS AND MUSIC
PLUS FOR THE 2018-19 SCHOOL YEAR IN AN AMOUNT NOT TO EXCEED
$188,542 FOR THE PERIOD FEBRUARY THROUGH JUNE, 2019
FURTHER, AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER AND CITY CLERK TO
NEGOTIATE AND EXECUTE THE AGREEMENT WITH THE BASS MUSEUM
OF ART TO IMPLEMENT THE EDUCATIONAL ENHANCEMENT FOR THE
2018-19 SCHOOL YEAR.
RECOMMENDATION
Authorize the execution of the agreement to implement the Beta test for the Spring 2019
semester.
BACKGROUND
On January 8, 2008, the City entered into an Education Compact (the "Compact") with Miami-Dade
County Public Schools (MDCPS). Developed with significant community input, the Compact reflects
the desire of the Miami Beach community to support excellence in its schools and an investment in
the overall enhancement of education for its residents. The Compact currently addresses and
supports the following priority areas:
• Teacher Recruitment/Retention;
• Communication;
• Parental Involvement/Family Support/Youth and Community Engagement;
• Health and Well-Being;
• Student Achievement;
• Safety; and
• Technology.
In Resolution No. 2015-28997, the City Commission directed the Administration to expand the
Compact to address the following areas: Early Learning; Extracurricular/Choice Offerings; and
Afterschool Programming. Since then, the City has entered into contracts with M-DCPS and other
organizations for the following initiatives: Voluntary Prekindergarten (VPK) at Fienberg Fisher K-8
Center and Biscayne Elementary; Dual Enrollment Expansion through partnerships with Florida
International University and Miami-Dade College at Miami Beach Senior High School and Nautilus
Page 1201 of 1648
Middle School; and Afterschool Teen Program at Nautilus Middle School. In 2018, the Commission
directed the administration to develop and implement an afterschool enrichment program at public
schools in Miami Beach that have limited access to STEM ( Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics) activities beginning in the 2018- 19 school year. Florida International University' s
School of Computing and Information Systems was engaged to develop a STEM enrichment
program for Miami Beach youth at Feinberg Fisher and Biscayne Elementary.
The STEM to STEAM movement has been taking root over the past several years and is surging
forward as a positive mode of action to truly meet the needs of a 21st century economy. STEM
alone misses several key components that many employers, educators, and parents have voiced as
critical for our children to thrive in the present and rapidly approaching future. STEAM is an
educational approach to learning that uses Science, Technology, Engineering, the Arts and
Mathematics as access points for guiding student inquiry, dialogue, and critical thinking. The end
results are students who take thoughtful risks, engage in experiential learning, persist in problem-
solving, embrace collaboration, and work through the creative process. These are the innovators,
educators, leaders, and learners of the 21st century. STEAM is a program inspiring students to
engage and prepare in science, technology, engineering, arts & mathematics to work with cultural
anchors to infuse theatre, visual arts, dance and music in traditional class offerings and pilot program
to promote career and college readiness. (Source: https://education closet.com)
ANALYSIS
The City of Miami Beach has been exploring options to help promote the deployment of a
STEAM initiative in Miami Beach Public Schools, and as part of this effort, the Mayor and
Manager of Miami Beach met with Superintendent Alberto Carvalho to explore potential
opportunities to deploy as part of the regular school curriculum.
The Bass Museum of Art (the Bass) has reached out to the City with a coordinated approach
that involves multiple cultural institutions in the City. Through funding from The Knight
Foundation from 2009-2013 The Bass embarked on a teacher professional development
journey within the school system through the IDEAS program.IDEAS was conceived in 2009
as IDEA@theBass, in conjunction with Stanford University's Hasso Platner Institute of Design.
IDEAS, which stands for identify, discuss, envision, apply, and share, comprises a variety of
classes, tours and workshops for children, families and teachers. The curriculum provides an
easy-to-use system that uses works of art as a catalyst for creative and critical thinking.Activities
use Design Thinking strategies, an open-ended method of problem-solving that allows
participants to brainstorm, build upon group ideas, and engage multi-disciplinarily, while learning
about the Bass' collection and contemporary art exhibitions. This approach compels students
and adults alike to use the '5 C's' of 21st Century learning theory: Critical Thinking, Creativity,
Collaboration, Communication, and Character.
During aforementioned years, The Bass was able to conduct teacher professional
development, serving 235 Miami Beach school teachers (with some repeating). In 2014, The
Bass education department was awarded a $500,000 grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation
to implement a three-year family engagement outreach program entitled Creativity in the
Community, which was designed to increase access to enriching intergenerational arts-based
learning opportunities for parents and young children living in underserved communities
throughout the Miami metro area. Through the development of Creativity in the Community, The
Bass has successfully served 28,155 additional children and their family members through
Kellogg-funded programming that includes multi-visit family sessions as well as participation in
large community events. The Bass' community partnerships tripled with 59 community
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partnerships developed throughout the three years. Further, The Bass was able to hire and
trained 23 AmBASSadors from within the partner communities, who teach workshops in
English, Spanish, and/or Creole.
While all the cultural institutions in Miami Beach have cultural missions, integrating arts and
cultural instruction into the K-12 daily schedule can be a challenge given the complexity of the
school program, the diversity of the feeder pattern and the different mediums of cultural content
providors. The Bass has conducted numerous meetings with school and arts stakeholders, and
is prepared to launch a pilot test program for the Spring 2019 feeder pattern in the City of Miami
Beach. The program will deliver into 6 of our public schools unique programming as created by
the Bass, the Miami City Ballet, the New World Symphony, the Jewish Museum, the Wolfsonian,
and Young Musicians Unite. Over 2000 children will be impacted at every grade level. The
purpose of the pilot is to beta test the delivery of this arts programming into the daily school
curriculum. The schools include Biscayne Elementary, Feinberg Fisher K-8 Center, Nautilus
Middle School, North Beach Elementary, Miami Beach Senior High School, and South Pointe
Elementary. The programming will fit into the Miami-Dade County Public school system
STEAM initiative but take the arts programming to a new level.
The program have been carefully developed to provide grade-appropriate content for each
level. And while not every grade level will receive instruction from all institutions, if the program
is maintained after the pilot, all grades will experience all institutions over the course of the K-12
education. The details of each institutions deployment is shown in Attachment A. Over the
course of the Beta project, each institution will be visiting their school partners at least 3 times
on location and once at their institution. Each partnership includes a field trip to the location.
Some cultural institutions will be culminating in a show or exhibition.
THE BASS (Partnered with North Beach ES, Nautilus MS, Biscayne ES, South Pointe
ES, Fienberg Fisher K-8 Center, and Miami Beach SHS) The Bass IDEAS education
initiative uses art as a catalyst for creativity and positive growth. The Bass will engage
students to think creatively to solve real world problems such as sea level rise, climate
change, and poverty. Students will learn how arts integration with other subject areas
(Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) is especially important to our communities
in South Florida and throughout the world. Students will create art works that will later be
shown at the Bass Creativity Center.
MIAMI CITY BALET (Nautilus MS, Biscayne ES, South Pointe ES, and Fienberg Fisher
K-8 Center) Through creative movement and design students well explore the world of
dance/movement and the process of design. Teaching artists will integrate curriculum
teachers are working on with students in the classroom and help promote movement,
creative thinking and exploration. These classes will help promote group interaction,
creativity, body awareness, and classroom etiquette while collaborating with other subject
areas. Some partnerships will culminate in a short showcase displaying what students
have learned.
NEW WORLD SYMPHONY (Partnered with Miami Beach SHS) Currently working with
Miami Beach Senior High Schools music programs to provide a creative approach toward
activating the imaginations of youth through musical activities focused on classroom
engagement and discovery of classical music.
WOLFSONIAN MUSEUM (Partnered with Nautilus MS) The Wolfsonian is offering an
Page 1203 of 1648
intensive variant of its already-established STEAM.X Design and Zines for Progress
programs, reformatted for delivery in two Grade 8 classes at Nautilus Middle School. In-
class delivery involves a series of three visits to each classroom by a teaching artist, as
well as one field trip to The Wolfsonian. This amounts to seven distinct touch points
between The Wolfsonian and Nautilus Middle School.
YOUNG MUSICIANS UNITE (Partnered with Nautilus MS, Fienberg Fisher K-8 Center,
and Miami Beach SHS) Will be providing free, consistent music programming to music
programs in participating school. Students will learn the importance of STEAM in the
music world through coding, recording, and practice. Through peer to peer mentoring,
YMU engages students of different backgrounds and brings them together through a
shared passion for music. YMU will be assisting schools struggling to maintain their
instruments and equipment by teaching students how to repair their own instruments and
supplying the tools needed to continue growing each program.
JEWISH MUSEUM (Partnered with North Beach ES, South Pointe ES, and Miami
Beach SHS) Dedicated to telling the story of more than 250 years of Florida Jewish
history, arts and culture, with a growing collection of more than 100,000 items the Jewish
Museum will be education students on curating a museum, printmaking and the importance
of STEAM in every day life.
The Bass has worked with the principals of each school to develop the cultural pairings for
the pilot, with teachers involved in the lesson planning and schedules. The Bass will be
instrumental by managing the program system wide, including agreements with the
schools and the participating cultural organizations. The proposed budget of $188,842.00
as outlined in Attachment B provides part-time salaries for the program coordinator and
director of education, part-time salaries for teaching artist (including training, preparations
and planning) administrative overhead, background check fees, bus transportation for field
trips, parking fees, program supplies and exhibition costs.
The following staff will oversee the project:
Kylee Crook has been an integral part of STEAM Initiative serving at the Education
Consultant for the City of Miami Beach and Director of Education at The Bass Museum of
Art. During Crook's tenure at the Bass Museum of Art, she has established, managed and
expanded the museum's educational programming and administered several major grants,
including the three-year Knight Arts Challenge which allowed for the creation of
I DEA@thebass and the three-year Kellogg Foundation Grant which expanded the Bass
Museum of Art's education outreach programming by 178%. Crook was named one of
Miami Foundation's Miami Leaders for 2013-2014, and has sat as a grant panelist for
major Florida funding organizations.
Koren lila is a Miami based visual and performing arts education advocate, choreographer,
director and instructor. Koren earned her BFA degree under the school of Education, Business
and Performing Arts at Florida International University. Working in the visual and performing
arts fields Ms. lila has worked alongside Kaycee and the Sunshine Band, the Miami Heat,
Arturo Sandoval, the Miss America Pageant Association, and assisted in directing a pilot
episode for a TV series airing on Hulu in 2021. Koren has worked with both Miami-Dade and
Broward county schools helping promote arts education through after school/in school
programming and partnerships. With Koren's well rounded knowledge of the visual and
performing arts, as well as M-DCPS Koren is an integral part of the STEAM (Science,
Page 1204 of 1648
Technology, Engineering, Arts and Math) initiative working with each cultural institution, M-
DCPS and the City of Miami Beach to ensure this program exceeds all expectations.
The pilot does not include Treasure Island Elementary at this time, despite the fact that
approximately 40 percent of attendees are Miami Beach residents. Given the additional efforts
of coordinating with another municipality, it was not felt that this was feasible to achieve for
February, 2019 implementation. None the less, if the pilot is deemed a success, it is anticipated
that it would be expanded to Treasure Island Elementary for the Fall 2019 semester. In
addition, other cultural instiuions could be added such as Miami New Drama and Irie
Foundation.
The program will be monitored through monthly reports to include school hours performed by
institutions and a monthly reported of curriculum delivered. In addition, the City will explore the
potential to conduct periodic satisfaction surveys with parents, teachers, and students. This will
provide information to be used in evaluating the implementation and funding needs for the
program for the FY 2019/20 school year.
Funding is available from General Fund contingency for the beta program.
The proposed Term Sheet for the agreement with the Bass is provide in Attachment C.
CONCLUSION
The Bass Museum will operate in six schools, Miami City Ballet will be in four schools, the
Jewish Museum will be in three schools, Young Musicians Unite will be in two schools, the
Wolfsonian Museum will be in one school and the New World Symphony will be in one school.
At least 2,000 students will benefit from the programming initiative. The operating budget for
the pilot program from February-June 2019 is approximately$188,842.00.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
$188,842 from February 2019 -June 2019
Legislative Tracking
Organizational Development Performance Initiatives
Sponsor
Mayor Dan Gelber
ATTACHMENTS:
Description
▪ Attachment A- Institution Deployment
❑ Attachment B - Budget
o Attachment C - Term Sheet Bass
Page 1205 of 1648
(Aproximately) Per
(Aproximately) Class
#of
School Name Partner's Grade Level #of Classes Interactions #of Students
North Beach ES (3741) The Bass K-1st K 8/1st 8 32< 18-22 (total 304)
!-- -- --- '-- — -' - - '---- ----- -- -- --- ---� - - --'---- -'------ ---- - --- --- --- - -- ---` -- ---� -
I Jewish Museum 3rd 8 16 22-24 (total 184) |
Nautilus MS (6541) Miami City Ballet Theater/Dance 4 40
Young Musicians Unite Band 2
The Bass Biology 4 48 128
Wolfsonian Museum Visual Arts 5
.
/
�
.
-
BiscayneES (0]21) The Bass 3thPendinu) 6 24 120
[- -'- - -- -''- --- -'-i -- - ----' ---'-- � - '---' --- -' — � --'- 4 - - r- 4O -- - - ----' ---1
/ -- -` ---' '--' `"
80
South Pointe ES (5091) 12-3rd 9 � 18< � <243
� -- ' ---- --- { /
� | '
(:Miami |�� � �1s � 4
40 <90
� '�- ^- � ---_ _
(
.
.
|
Jewish Museum 4-5th 9 18 <230 /'
!Fienb erK-8K}761) MiamiC�yBaUet 1st 4 40 �1UO
L -__ ��� �- _-_ -___-- __- '_-- -_-!
Young Musicians Unite 6-8th (Rock Ensemble) 2 66 50
The Bass Authentic Assesments ?
Miami Beach SHS (7201) New World Symphony Orchestra
Jewish Museum Reading 4 8 90
The Bass Biology/Anatomy 10 to 25 20 to 50 250 to 1,250
r| (Re-confirmpartnership)
STEAM INITIATIVE
(Aproximately)
#of Interactions
Per Class Dates: (* Pending)
2
In school interactions Jan 28- Feb 4, Fieldtrip (2 classes per day)
2 1/31,2/5, 2/6, 2/8
10
4
4 Janaury 25, Feb 1, 8, 15*
10 February 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 19,20, 21 (Show on 22nd)*
•
2< J
10 Jan`22,24,29, 31 Feb. 5,7,12,14,19*, 20* 21 Show on Feb 21)
Tentative in-school interactions for 5th grade week of 1/22-1/25.
Tentative in-school interactions for 4th grade between 2/20—4/1.
2 Tentative Fieldtrip for 5th grade 1/31 or 2/1
L 10 January 7-17 from 9:00-10:35*
January 23- March 22: Monday,Tuesday,Thursday,Friday(weekly)
33 1:15-3:05pm (1 hr and 50 min)
2
Pending
2 Meeting Wed
2 Meeting Tues
Page 1207 of 1648
Notes:
going to check about visiting during testing
iArt of Lithographes, taught by Nancy and Chaim
Show on Feb 21 (Class schedule: 8:30-9:15, 9:20- 10:05, 10:10- 10:55, and 11- 11:45)
Partnering prior to January 23 to qualify for STEAM, need support in electives 2 semesters of music,two of coding. Una
Authentic Assesments
(Solos/Ensemble Mar 20-23)
Field Trip: 1st interaction odd periods, 2nd even periods/In School: 3rd odd periods, 4th even
Visit in March when discussing DNA/Genetics
Page 1208 of 1648
Testing Dates:
E- — - — –1
1 i
1
Testing dates: Dec 3-21,April 1-11 and May 1-29
i
- 1
i
1 ;
I i
l ,
Testing Dates:Jan28-May 29
Page 1209 of 1648
STEAM Part,
The Bass Jewish Museum Miami City Ballet
Total#of Schools Partnered 6 3 4
Total#of Classes Partnered 45 21 16
Total#of Interactions 142+ 42 160
Total#of Students 1,045+ 504 270+
Interactions Grade Levels K- 12th 3- 12th 1-8th
*Data Missing
Page 1210 of 1648
7ership - Cultural Institutions
New World Symphony Wolfsonian Young Musicians Unite
* 1 2
* 5 4
* * 66+
* * 50+
9- 12th 6-8th 6-8th
Page 1211 of 1648
1st 2nd 3rd 41
Standard Date Standard Date Standard Date Standard
25-Jan 1-Feb 8-Feb
�~ I
5-Feb 6-FebI 7-Feb
Page 1213 of 1648
:h
Additional
Date Dates Exh/Perf
15-Feb
FEB- 13, 14, 19,
12-Feb 20, 21 + 22-Feb
Page 1214 of 1648
The Bass IDEAS Program in City of Miami Beach Schools
6-month budget
The Bass
Project Expenses 6 schools
FFK-8,Biscayne ES,
North Beach ES,South
Point ES,Nautilus,Beach
High
Program salaries and benefits(specify):
Education School Programs Coordinator 11,370
(Partnership/consultation fees: 1
Administrative Costs 18,000
Director of Education-The Bass-CMB Education Consultan 18,000
1Other salaries and wages(specify): 1
Teaching Artists and other personnel(22 Weeks) 10,000
Paid Training/prep/planning for teachers and Tas 600
15. Employee benefits
6. Adminstrative expenses
Background Check fees 560
7. Travel
Bus transportation for field trips(lx per month X 9 months) 1,800
Parking reimbursement for teacher 420
�8. Supplies and materials ._.
Program supplies(including any Tech or STEAM) 3,500
Exhibition supplies and install 4,000
[9. Rent
10.Utilities
11.Insurance ( -
12.Legal fees
13.Accounting fees
14.Other professional fees(specify):
Video/Documentation
15.Taxes
16.Printing and publications •
17,Postage and shipping
18.Marketing/PR
119.Fund raising
120.Capital expenses
121.Overhead/indirect(specify):
122. Depreciation
23. Other(specify):1%Contigency 1
Total Expenses $ 68,250
Page 1215 of 1648
PROPOSED TERM SHEET
SCOPE
• The Bass will be instrumental by managing the program system wide, including negotiating and
executing agreements with the schools and the participating cultural organizations and ensuring
the deployment of the program.
• Monthly deliverables include:
o A report of school hours deployed by institution and school versus approved scope of
work
o A monthly report by institution of the curriculum deployed at each grade level
o A monthly report of costs incurred in accordance with the budget with supporting
documentation
COMPENTIATION
• The total fee is$188, 542
• The City shall provide 25%of the total fee upon execution of the agreement and the remainder
of the funding on a reimbursement basis each month.
Page 1216 of 1648