LTC 308-2021 2019 Community-Wide and Government Operations Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory308-2021
1\/\IA/v\l BEAC
OFFICE OF THE CITY MANAGER
NO. LTC# LETTER TO COMMISSION
TO: M mbers of the City Commission
FROM: Alina T. Hudak, City Mana
DATE: July 22, 2021
SUBJECT: 2019 Community-Wide and Government Operations Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Inventory
I am pleased to announce the completion of the City's annual community-wide and government
operations greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory report for 2019. The GHG emissions
inventory report provides a breakdown of the GHG emissions community-wide and from
government operations on an annual basis to help the City track emissions over time and set
policy goals. Reducing GHG emissions is a key part of the City's climate resilience goals. Sea
level projections are primarily caused by emissions, and measurement through reporting is an
important step to reduction and many other immediate benefits such as cost savings and air and
environmental quality.
On October 14, 2015, the City of Miami Beach joined the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate
& Energy and pledged to reduce GHG emissions, track progress towards emissions reduction
goals, and enhance the City's resilience to climate change, consistent with climate protection
efforts at the national level. The City of Miami Beach completed its first GHG inventory in 2016,
using 2014 as the baseline inventory. An overview of the total annual emissions is presented in
figures 1 and 2.
Community Wide -Total Emissions
1,400,000 -1,200,000 VI
C:
0 1,000,000 .... ... ·;: 800,000 ....
Cl.I
E 600,000
Cl.I 400,000 N
0 200,000 u
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Government Operations -Total
Emissions
_ 50,000 ..,-------------.,,
§ 40,000 +------,=-----,=-------.... -~ 30,000 , _______________ _
... i 20,000
'; 10,000 -l-___ -l __ -----l_-t_-t_--11_
N
0 0 -----,-,---,-,-......... -......... -......... ---. u 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Figures 1 and 2. Graphs of Miami Beach emissions community wide and from government operations between 2014
and 2019.
Community-wide
In 2019, the community wide GHG emissions increased 0.5% compared to 2018. Between the
baseline year 2014 and 2019, the total GHG emissions community-wide has remained steady,
with no large spike or dip in overall GHG emissions. In 2019, more than 65% of emissions
community wide were from energy use; with 59% from electricity consumption and 7%
from natural gas usage. Given that the majority of GHG emissions community-wide come from
1
2
this single source, the greatest impact for reducing GHG emissions would come from focusing on
the built environment and improving energy efficiency. The next greatest sources of emissions
community wide were from transportation, which accounted for 20% of emissions,
followed by solid waste, which accounted for 13% of emissions. The breakdown of emissions
by sector and by source are shown in figures 3 and 4.
Figures 3 and 4. Graphs of the breakdown of emissions community-wide in 2019 by sector and by source.
Government Operations
The government operation’s emissions in 2019 accounted for 3.4% of community-wide
emissions. There was a 28% increase in total GHG emissions from government operations
between 2018 and 2019, as shown in figure 2. The significant increase in emissions was due to
the reopening of the electricity accounts for the Miami Beach Convention Center, the City’s largest
electricity accounts. In previous years, the decline in GHG emissions was due to the Miami Beach
Convention Center accounts being closed for its renovation.
In 2019, about 68% of emissions from government operations came from electricity
consumption. The fleet accounted for about 23% of emissions. The government operation’s
inventory does not include emissions from solid waste since the current routes of waste haulers
includes several neighboring municipalities and solid waste generation data is not tracked at the
city-level. The breakdown of emission by sector and by source are shown in figures 5 and 6.
Residential Energy
22%
Solid Waste
13%
Water &
Wastewater
<1%
Transportation &
Mobile Sources
20%
Commercial Energy
45%
2019 Community Inventory by Sector
Electricity
59%
Natural Gas
7%
Solid Waste and Wastewater
14%
Transportation
20%
2019 Community Inventory by Source
3
Figures 5 and 6. Graphs of the breakdown of emissions from government operations in 2019 by sector and by source.
Net-zero emissions by 2050
On April 21, 2021, the City Commission unanimously adopted a resolution declaring climate
change to be caused by “human activity” and pledging to achieve net-zero GHG emissions by
2050. Compiling a regular GHG emissions inventory is crucial to track the City’s progress towards
its net-zero goal and helps to benchmark progress as we implement mitigation policies and
programs.
AECOM has been retained to develop a Climate Action Plan (CAP) which will recommend actions
to be implemented focusing on the areas which produce the most GHG emissions: energy
consumption, transportation, and solid waste. The CAP will be instrumental in providing the
roadmap to implement high-impact policies and programs to reduce GHG emissions and move
towards net-zero emissions. Overall, most emissions in 2019, community-wide and from
government operations, were from energy consumption and transportation. To ensure that
Miami Beach achieves net-zero emissions by 2050, there will be a need for investments to reduce
GHG emissions in the energy and transportation sectors.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact Elizabeth Wheaton, Environment &
Sustainability Director at elizabethwheaton@miamibeachfl.gov.
Attachment A: 2019 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory
ATH/AK/ESW/FCT/AMB
Buildings, Facilities
& Operations
67%
Public Street &
Highway Lighting
10%
Transit Fleet
3%
Vehicle Fleet
20%
2019 Government Inventory by Sector
Electricity
76%
Natural Gas
1%
Transportation
23%
2019 Government Inventory by Source
2019 MIAMI BEACH GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
Community-wide and
government operations
~✓--.......
-ef
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INTRODUCTION In 2015, Miami Beach joined Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy (formerly the Compact of Mayors).
The first GHG inventory was compiled to comply with the Global Covenant of Mayors requirements.
The 2014 GHG inventory is the baseline inventory.
Each year, a GHG inventory is compiled for community wide emissions and emissions from government operations.
A greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)
inventory is a method of tracking
the amount and source of GHG
emissions released during a certain
time period.
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CLIMATE COMMITMENTS
2013
Affirm support for the
Southeast Florida
Regional Climate
Change Compact.
2015
Join Global Covenant of
Mayors for Climate &
Energy (formerly the
Compact of Mayors).
2017
Support the Sierra
Club’s “Ready for 100%”
campaign.
2019
Declare a climate
emergency.
2021
Sign the Race to Zero,
Under2 Coalition, and
Climate Neutral Now
pledges.
Adopt goal of net-zero
emissions by 2050.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A greenhouse gas emissions
(GHG)inventory is a
compilation of the total GHG
emissions released by an
entity.The City of Miami
Beach compiles an annual
GHG emissions inventory at
the community wide level
and at the government
operations level .
Community-wide
lnven ory
_/,!
....,.
Energy
consumption,
inc uding electricity
and natural gas
accounted for 66%
of em·ss·ons
community-w ide.
SoUd waste accounted for
13% of emissions. This is
based on estimates of
solid waste generation in
Miami Beacll based on
Miami-Dade County data.
Industrial energY. and
wastewater tre""'atment
accounted for less than 1% of
emissions .
Government
Opera ons lnven ory
-A-== A-fl_fi
El ectricity
consumption in
buil dings and street
Light ing accounted
for 76% of
emissions.
Natural gas use
acco ntea for 1%
of emiss·ons.
The GHG Inventory for government
operations does not Include solid
waste or wastewater treatment. This
Is due to a lack of available data.
Data requests will be Included In the
next contract cycle for waste
haulers.
HOW EMISSIONS ARE CATEGORIZED
Emissions are categorized into three scopes:
Scope 1: GHG emissions from sources, such as natural gas combustion,
occurring within the city boundary
Scope 2: GHG emissions from grid-supplied electricity usage within the city but
not created with the city boundary
Scope 3: all other GHG emissions that occur outside the city boundary due to a
t hird -party service being provided to the city such as wastewater treatment
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METHODOLOGY The ClearPath platform is used to compile the GHG
emissions inventory.
Data is collected from various City Departments and
external agencies and organizations.
Factor sets* are created in ClearPath for
Transportation, Waste Characterization and Grid
Electricity using data from reports and research.
The gathered data is entered into ClearPath. There may
be some initial calculations or estimates needed
before entering data in ClearPath.
The factor sets convert the input data into the output of
GHG emissions through various calculations performed
by ClearPath.
Final results are obtained through ClearPath and input
in a tailored excel workbook.
DATA FACTOR SETS GHG
EMISSIONS
*A factor set is a conversion factor used to translate collected data into GHG emissions.
DATA GATHERED
RESIDENTIAL ENERGY
•Grid Electricity for Residential Use (kWh, FPL)
•Stationary Fuel Combustion for Residential Use (Therms, TECO)
COMMERCIAL ENERGY
•Grid Electricity for Commercial Use (kWh, FPL)
•Stationary Fuel Combustion for Commercial Use (Therms, TECO)
•Grid Electricity for Public Street & Highway Lighting (kWh, FPL)
•Grid Electricity from Other Sales (kWh, FPL)
INDUSTRIAL ENERGY*
•Grid Electricity for Industrial Use (kWh, FPL)
r
ft
r
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DATA GATHERED
TRANSPORTATION
•Total Miles Travelled Within City Boundary (VMT, FDOT)
WATER AND WASTEWATER
•Emissions from the Combustion of Digester Gas (MT CO2e,
population-based ICLEI calculator)
•Emissions for Process N2O from Effluent Discharge (kg N/day, MDC
WASD)
SOLID WASTE*
•Waste generation (tons, FDEP )
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DATA SOURCES
FPL: aggregate annual electricity consumption categorized by sector
FDOT: annual report of Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT) inside city limits
TECO: aggregate annual natural gas consumption categorized by sector
FDEP: annual report of Miami -Dade County solid waste and recycling
Miami-Dade County WASD: annual report of wastewater treated
City of Miami Beach Fleet Department: annual report of fuel consumption, active equipment list
City of Miami Beach Transportation Department: annual report of trolley Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT)
Factor sets are created from data from national and regional reports and studies.MIAMI BEACH
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COMMUNITY WIDE INVENTORY
I
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COMMUNITY WIDE EMISSIONS OVERVIEW
0.00
200,000.00
400,000.00
600,000.00
800,000.00
1,000,000.00
1,200,000.00
1,400,000.00
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
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Total Emissions Baseline
Total community wide
emissions in 2019
remained comparable to
previous years and close
to the baseline
emissions.
Between 2014 and 2019,
the average community
wide emissions have
totaled around 1,217,048
MT CO2e each year.
-
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•There has been a slight
decrease in emissions from
Commercial and Residential
Energy use over the past few
years, mainly due to the lower
emissions from the fuel mix.
•The City of Miami Beach does
not have data available
regarding solid waste
generation inside its city
limits. The emissions from
solid waste are estimated
using data from Miami-Dade
County and population ratio.
The total solid waste
generation county-wide has
increased in the past few
years.
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
550,000
600,000
650,000
Commercial
Energy
Residential
Energy
Transportation &
Mobile Sources
Solid Waste Water &
Wastewater
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COMMUNITY WIDE GHG EMISSIONS
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Residential Energy Usage Units CO2e (MT)% of Emissions
Residential Natural Gas 2,412,206 Therms 12,830.00 1.07%
Residential Public Authority
Electricity 223,175 kWh 94.76 0.01%
Residential Electricity 600,070,154 kWh 254,788.00 21.19%
Commercial Energy
Commercial Natural Gas 12,536,029 Therms 66,675.00 5.54%
Commercial Public Authority
Electricity 89,451,290 kWh 37,981.00 3.16%
Commercial Electricity 1,013,914,703 kWh 430,505.00 35.80%
Public Streets & Highway Lighting 11,379,495 kWh 4,831.70 0.40%
Other Sales Electricity 233,902 kWh 99.31 0.01%
GO Natural Gas 72,785 Therms 387.12 0.03%
Industrial Rate Electricity 2,002,796 kWh 850.38 0.07%
Transportation & Mobile Sources
Diesel Vehicles 493,209,068 VMT 48,481.00 4.03%
Gasoline Vehicles 493,209,068 VMT 188,506.00 15.67%
Water & Wastewater
Combustion of Digester Gas 88,885 People 5.57 0.00%
Process N2O from Effluent
Discharge 88,885 People 1,583.60 0.13%
Solid Waste
Community Waste Landfilled 99,794 Tons 155,046.00 12.89%
*Waste to Energy 15,767 Tons 5,465.00
2019 Community Wide
Total Emissions 1,202,664.44 100.00%CO
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*Information item only -not included in GHG inventory accounting
2019 Community
GHG EMISIONS
Total emissions in the community:1,202,664 MT CO2e*
Emissions by Source
45%
Commercial Energy
541,330 MT CO2e*
22%
Residential Energy
267,713 MT CO2e*
20%
Transportation & Mobile
Sources
236,987 MT CO2e*
13%
Solid Waste
155,046 MT CO2e*
59%
Electricity
691,074 MT CO2e*
20%
Gasoline and Diesel
236,987 MT CO2e*
7%
Natural Gas
79,892 MT CO2e*
13%
Wastewater &
Solid Waste
156,635 MT
CO2e*
0.13%
Water &
Wastewater
1,589 MT CO2e*
*MT CO2e = metric tons of CO2 equivalent GHG Emissions = greenhouse gas emissions Based on the most current data available.
Emissions by Sector
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2019 COMMUNITY
INVENTORY
On Road Transportation
Gasoline Vehicles
188,506 MT CO2e*
Scope 1
Total: 316,879 MT CO2e*
Scope 2
Total: 691,074 MT CO2e*
On Road Transportation
Diesel Vehicles
48,481 MT CO2e*
Public Streets &
Highway Lighting
4,831 MT CO2e*
Other Sales (Electricity) 99 MT CO2e*
*MT CO2 e = metric tons of CO2 equivalent
Commercial Natural Gas
67,062 MT CO2e*
Residential Natural Gas
12,830 MT CO2e*
Commercial
Electricity
473,417 MT CO2e*
Residential
Electricity
254,883 MT CO2e*
Scope 3
Total: 156,635 MT CO2e*
Combustion of Digester Gas
from Wastewater Treatment
6 MT CO2e*
Process N2O from
Effluent Discharge
1,583 MT CO2e*
Community Waste
Landfilled
155,046 MT CO2e*
MIAMI BEACH
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2019 COMMUNITY
EQUIVALENCIES
1,202,664
METRIC TONS
OF CARBON DIOXIDE
2,984,277,916
Miles driven by an average
passenger vehicle
135,328,457
Gallons of gasoline
consumed
1,325,170,734
Pounds of coal burned
65.6%
of the Everglades in one year
Greenhouse gas
emissions from
CO2 emissions
from
CO2 emissions
absorbed by
M IAMI BEACH
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GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS INVENTORY
-
-=-=-••
MIAMI BEACH CITY HALL
GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS EMISSIONS OVERVIEW
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
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Total Emissions Baseline
Emissions from
government
operations were
higher than baseline
year and significantly
increased compared
to the previous years.
Between 2014 to
2019, the total
emissions increased
by 11.5%. This was
caused by an
increase in emissions
from electricity use.
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~
~
~
~
-
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
Buildings, Facilities &
Operations
Vehicle Fleet Public Street &
Highway Lighting
Transit Fleet
CO
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GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS GHG
EMISSIONS
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
•The emissions from energy use
in buildings declined between
2015 and 2018 due to the
Convention Center closing for
renovation. The Convention
Center reopened at the end of
2018, so there was a sharp
increase in emission in 2019.
•There were changes in the rate
structure of our lighting
accounts and some upgraded
light fixtures which have caused
a decrease in emissions from
Public Street & Highway
Lighting in 2019.
•There has been a 25,551%
increase in emissions, between
2014 and 2019, from the
Transit Fleet as the trolley
program has expanded each
year since its inception in 2014.
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS INVENTORY
The government operations
inventory only includes scope 1 and
scope 2 emissions.The city does
not have solid waste data available.
Staff is working to add data
requirements for future contracts.
Buildings and Facilities Usage Units CO2e (MT)% of Emissions
Residential Public Authority 42,628.00 kWh 18.10 0.04%
Commercial Public Authority 63,680,343.00 kWh 27,038.00 65.82%
Other Sales to Public Authority 233,902.00 kWh 99.31 0.24%
Buildings Natural Gas 72,785.00 Therms 387.12 0.94%
Public Street & Highway
Lighting
Street Lighting Electricity 9,413,859.00 kWh 3,997.10 9.73%
Vehicle Fleet
Diesel Vehicles 154,306.00 Gallons 1,576.20 3.84%
Gasoline Vehicles 766,872.00 Gallons 6,839.60 16.65%
Transit Fleet
City Trolley 126,233.41 Gallons 1,125.90 2.74%
2019 Government Operations
Total Emissions 41,081.33 100.00%
2019 Government
GHG EMISIONS
Total emissions:41,081 MT CO2e*
Emissions by Sector Emissions by Source
67.0%
Buildings & Facilities
27,543 MT CO2e*
20.5%
Vehicle Fleet
8,416 MT CO2e*
*MT CO2e = metric tons of CO2 equivalent GHG Emissions = greenhouse gas emissions Based on the most current data available.
9.7%
Public Street & Highway
Lightning
3,997 MT CO2e*
2.7%
Transit Fleet
1,126 MT CO2e*
76%
Electricity
31,153 MT CO2e*
23%
Transportation
9,542 MT CO2e*
1%
Natural Gas
387 MT CO2e*
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MIAMI BEACH
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2019 GOVERNMENT
INVENTORY
Scope 1
City Operations
Gasoline Vehicle
Fleet Emissions
6,840 MT CO2e*
Total: 9,929 MT CO2e*
City Operations
Diesel Vehicle
Fleet Emissions
1,576 MT CO2e*
MT*CO2e = metric tons of CO2 equivalent
Scope 2 Total: 31,153 MT CO2e*
Public Streets
& Highway
Lighting
3,997 MT CO2e*
Government
Electricity
Usage
27,155 MT CO2e*
Government Natural Gas
Usage 387 MT CO2e*
City Trolley Service
1,126 MT CO2e*
(; 1
M IAMI BEACH
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2019 GOVERNMENT
EQUIVALENCIES
41,081
METRIC TONS
OF CARBON DIOXIDE
101,937,965
Miles driven by an average
passenger vehicle
4,622,595
Gallons of gasoline
consumed
53,650
Acres of U.S. forests
storing carbon in one year
Greenhouse gas
emissions from
CO2 emissions
from
Carbon
sequestered by
45,265,626
Pounds of coal burned
M IAMI BEACH
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NEXT STEPS
The City is working with consultant AECOM to develop its first
Climate Action Plan (CAP).The CAP will address the largest sources
of GHG emissions community wide and will provide recommended
actions to reduce emissions and reach its emissions reduction
targets.The CAP will be instrumental to implement high-impact
policies and programs to reduce GHG emissions and move towards
net-zero emissions.
The Environment &Sustainability and Property Management
Departments are working to develop an energy assessment project.
The energy assessment will analyze the electricity consumption and
audit the municipal buildings with the highest electricity
consumption and provide project retrofits recommendations to
improve energy efficiency and reduce electric utility costs.
MIAMI BEACH
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GLOSSARY
CH4: methane. It is a greenhouse gas with a GWP between 28-36.
CO2: carbon dioxide. It is the principal greenhouse gas produced through human activities.
GHG: greenhouse gases. These are gases that trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to climate change.
GWh: gigawatt-hour. This is a unit for energy. 1 GWh is equivalent to 1,000,000 kWh.
GWP: global warming potential. A value given to gases depending on how much energy 1 ton of a gas will absorb over 100 years. These values can easily be compared to CO2 which has a GWP of 1. The higher the GWP , the more that a gas warms the planet over time.
kWh: kilowatt-hour. This is a unit for energy and is equivalent to one kilowatt of power consumed for one hour.
MWh: megawatt-hour. This is a unit for energy. 1 MWh is equivalent to 1,000 kWh.
MT CO 2e: metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalents. This unit is a standard used to represent the GWP of various greenhouse gases.
N2O: nitrous oxide. It is a greenhouse gas with a GWP between 265-298.
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