HomeMy WebLinkAboutOrdinance 2022-4460 ORDINANCE NO. 2022-4460
AN ORDINANCE OF THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION OF THE
CITY OF MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA, AMENDING CHAPTER 46 OF THE
CODE OF THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH, ENTITLED "ENVIRONMENT,"
BY CREATING ARTICLE X, ENTITLED"USE OF GAS-POWERED LEAF
BLOWERS," TO CREATE DEFINITIONS, ADOPT REGULATIONS ON
THE USE OF GAS-POWERED LEAF BLOWERS WITHIN THE CITY OF
MIAMI BEACH, PROVIDE FOR A TEMPORARY SUSPENSION FOR
STORM AND HURRICANE CLEANUP, ESTABLISH ENFORCEMENT
AND PENALTY PROVISIONS, AND PROVIDE FOR A FINANCIAL
HARDSHIP WAIVER; AND PROVIDING FOR REPEALER,
SEVERABILITY, CODIFICATION, AND AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
WHEREAS, the City of Miami Beach ("City") declares that it is in the interest of the public
health, safety, and welfare of its residents and visitors to reduce litter and pollutants on the land
and in the air and waters of the City; and
WHEREAS, a leaf blower is a widely available gardening tool used to manage leaves,
clippings, and other debris; and
WHEREAS, most gas-powered leaf blowers use two-stroke engines, which mix gas and
oil; and .
WHEREAS, about 30 percent of the gas the engine uses fails to undergo complete
combustion, and as a result, the engine emits a number of specific air pollutants of concern, such
as: hydrocarbons from both burned and unburned fuel, which combine with other gases in the
atmosphere to form ozone; carbon monoxide; fine particulate matter; and other toxic air
contaminants in the unburned fuel, including benzene, 1,3-butadiene, acetaldehyde, and
formaldehyde; and
WHEREAS, a 2011 test by the car experts at Edmunds showed that "a consumer-grade
leaf blower emits more pollutants than a 6,200-pound 2011 Ford F-150 SVT Raptor"; and
WHEREAS, during the test, the company subjected a truck, a sedan, a four-stroke leaf
blower, and a two-stroke leaf blower to automotive emissions tests and found that under normal
usage conditions—alternating the blower between high power and idle, for example—the two-
stroke engine emitted nearly 299 times the hydrocarbons of the pickup truck, 93 times the
hydrocarbons of the sedan, and many times as much carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides as
well; and
WHEREAS, the four-stroke engine performed significantly better than the two-stroke in
most of the categories, but still far worse than the car engines; and
WHEREAS, in 2017, the California Air Resources Board ("CARB") issued a warning that
by 2020, gas-powered leaf blowers, lawn mowers, and similar equipment in the state could
produce more ozone pollution than all the millions of cars in California combined; and
WHEREAS, according to CARB's determination, running a gas-powered leaf blower for
one hour emits the same amount of pollution as driving a light-duty passenger vehicle for
approximately 1,100 miles; and
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WHEREAS, in addition to environmental impacts, air emissions from gas-powered leaf
blowers have adverse health effects on workers; and
WHEREAS, counties, cities and urban areas are in a unique position to combat climate
change, because cities and urban areas are responsible for producing 70 percent of climate-
changing greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions worldwide; and
WHEREAS, the City has already taken steps to aggressively address climate change,
promote the use of renewable energy, and reduce our community's emissions; and
WHEREAS, on October 14, 2015, the Mayor and City Commission adopted Resolution
No. 2015-29156, joining the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy and pledging to
reduce GHG emissions, track progress towards GHG reduction goals, and enhance the City's
resiliency to climate change; and
WHEREAS, on May 17, 2017, the Mayor and City Commission adopted Resolution No.
2017-29867, directing the City Administration to request all City landscape maintenance
contractors to voluntarily transition to non-gas-powered leaf blowers for all City landscape
maintenance operations, and for the City Administration to require non-gas powered leaf blowers
in all future bids for City landscape maintenance work; and
WHEREAS, since the adoption of the Resolution No. 2017-29867, the Public Works -
Greenspace Management Division has included language in its landscape maintenance contracts
and internal operations to not allow the use of gas-powered leaf blowers, and the Public Works -
Sanitation Division is in the process of transitioning to electric/battery powered blowers, and
expect to replace their existing gas-powered inventory by Spring of 2022; and
WHEREAS, on February 10, 2021, the Mayor and City Commission adopted Resolution
No. 2021-31575, endorsing several pledges (Under2 Coalition, United Nations (UN) Climate
Change's Climate Neutral Now, and C40 Race to Zero) to further commit to GHG emissions
reductions while planning for the challenges of climate change; and
WHEREAS, the City is also in the process of developing a Climate Action Plan which
includes guidelines for actions that should be implemented to reduce GHG emissions, and further
sets short-term GHG emissions reduction targets to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050; and
WHEREAS, at the September 17, 2021 City Commission meeting the Mayor and City
Commission referred a discussion to the Land Use and Sustainability Committee on the status of
the City's transition from gas leaf blowers and any potential opportunities to reduce usage; and
WHEREAS, on September 30, 2021, the resident Sustainability Committee held a
discussion with City staff and representatives from Miami Beach United on gas leaf blowers, and
subsequently passed a motion in support of further reducing the use of gas operated leaf blowers
citywide to support the City's goal of reducing GHGs while improving quality of life(see LTC#423-
2021); and
WHEREAS, on October 19, 2021, the Land Use and Sustainability Committee passed a
motion recommending drafting an ordinance to regulate the use of gas-powered leaf blowers
throughout the City; and
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WHEREAS, the City Commission finds that the use of gas-powered leaf blowers to clear
leaves, clippings, and other debris on public and private property affects air quality, water quality,
contributes to GHG emissions, and impacts environmental health and noise levels throughout the
City; and
WHEREAS, the City Commission also finds that a number of alternatives exist, such as
portable or plug-in electric leaf blowers and non-motorized tools such as rakes; and
WHEREAS, the City Commission wishes to provide a reasonable phase-in period during
which City staff can conduct outreach to inform and educate residents and landscape
maintenance companies of the provisions of this Ordinance, and the availability of alternatives to
gas-powered leaf blowers; and
WHEREAS, this Ordinance will preserve and enhance the environment of the City of
Miami Beach.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION
OF THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA, AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. Article X of Chapter 46 of the Code of the City Miami Beach is hereby created as
follows:
CHAPTER 46
ENVIRONMENT
ARTICLE X. USE OF GAS-POWERED LEAF BLOWERS
Sec. 46-231. Definitions.
The following words, terms, and phrases, when used in this article, shall have the meanings
ascribed to them in this section, except where the context clearly indicates a different meaning:
Leaf blower means any air blowing device that uses a concentrated stream of air to push,
propel or blow dirt, dust, leaves, grass clippings, trimmings, cuttings, refuse or debris.
Sec. 46-232. Regulations on the use of leaf blowers.
The use of gas-powered leaf blowers is prohibited within the city. Battery- and electric-powered
leaf blowers may be used within the city, consistent with the regulations set forth in section 46-
152 of the City Code. Private property owners and landscape maintenance companies are
encouraged to operate leaf blowers in a manner that reduces noise generated by the equipment,
including, without limitation, by not continuously running equipment and by using equipment that
operates at a low decibel range (i.e. 65 dB or less).
Sec. 46-233. Temporary suspension for storm and hurricane cleanup.
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In the event of a hurricane, tropical storm, or similar extreme weather event, the City Manager, in
the City Manager's sole discretion, may temporarily suspend provisions of this article to permit
the use of gas-powered leaf blowers for debris cleanup.
Sec. 46-234. Enforcement, penalties.
(a) Beginning on February 1, 2022, and extending through October 31, 2022, the city shall
engage in public education efforts to inform residents and landscape maintenance
companies of the provisions of this article and to provide assistance with identifying
alternatives to gas-powered leaf blowers.
(b) Beginning on November 1, 2022, the city shall provide for a nine-month warning period
through and including July 31, 2023, during which the code compliance department shall
issue written warnings for violations of this article.
(c) Beginning on August 1, 2023, the code compliance department shall fully enforce the
provisions of this article.
(d) If a code compliance officer finds a violation of this article, the code compliance officer shall
issue a notice of violation to the property owner or the landscape maintenance company.
The notice shall inform the violator of the nature of the violation, amount of fine for which the
violator is liable, instructions and due date for paying the fine, that the violation may be
appealed by requesting an administrative hearing before a special master within ten days
after service of the notice of violation, and that the failure to appeal the violation within ten
days of service shall constitute an admission of the violation and a waiver of the right to a
hearing.
(e) A violator who has been served with a notice of violation must elect to either:
(1) Pay the following civil fine:
a. First violation within a 12-month period .....$250.00;
b. Second violation within a 12-month period ..... $500.00;
c. Third or subsequent violation within a 12-month period ..... $1,000.00;
or
(2) Request an administrative hearing before a special master to appeal the notice of
violation, which must be requested within ten days of the service of the notice of
violation. The procedures for appeal by administrative hearing of the notice of violation
shall be as set forth in sections 30-72 and 30-73 of this Code. Applications for hearings
must be accompanied by a fee as approved by a resolution of the city commission,
which shall be refunded if the named violator prevails in the appeal.
(f) Failure to pay the civil fine, or to timely request an administrative hearing before a special
master, shall constitute a waiver of the violator's right to an administrative hearing before the
special master, and shall be treated as an admission of the violation, for which fines and
penalties shall be assessed accordingly.
(q) A certified copy of an order imposing a fine may be recorded in the public records, and
thereafter shall constitute a lien upon any real or personal property owned by the violator,
which may be enforced in the same manner as a court judgment by the sheriffs of this state,
including levy against the violator's real or personal property, but shall not be deemed to be
a court judgment except for enforcement purposes. After three months following the
recordingof f any such lien that remains unpaid, the city may foreclose or otherwise execute
upon the lien for the amount of the lien plus accrued interest.
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(h) The special master shall be prohibited from hearing the merits of the notice of violation or
considering the timeliness of a request for an administrative hearing if the violator has failed
to request an administrative hearing within ten days of the service of the notice of violation.
The special master shall not have discretion to alter the penalties prescribed in this article.
Any party aggrieved by a decision of a special master may appeal that decision to a court of
competent jurisdiction.
Sec. 46-235. Financial hardship waiver.
Any property owner or principal of a landscape maintenance company that reported a
household annual gross income of 80% of the area median income, or less, on its income tax
filing for the most recent tax year, may submit a written request to the city manager, on a form
Prepared by the city manager, for a financial hardship waiver of the requirements of this article.
The city manager may grant a waiver if the property owner or landscape maintenance company
provides evidence of the following:
(a) There is no comparable alternative product that does not use gas to power up leaf
blowers; or
(b) The purchase or use of an alternative product would create an undue financial hardship.
Such financial hardship waiver shall be valid for 12 months and may be renewable upon
application to the city manager. If an administrative hearing is requested pursuant to subsection
46-234(e)(2), a pending financial hardship waiver request shall be grounds for a continuance of
the administrative hearing, but only if the notice of violation was issued after the submittal of the
financial hardship waiver request.
SECTION 2. REPEALER.
All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith be and the same are hereby
repealed.
SECTION 3. SEVERABILITY.
If any section, subsection, clause or provision of this Ordinance is held invalid, the
remainder shall not be affected by such invalidity.
SECTION 4. CODIFICATION.
It is the intention of the Mayor and City Commission of the City of Miami Beach, and it is
hereby ordained that the provisions of this ordinance shall become and be made part of the Miami
Beach City Code. The sections of this ordinance may be renumbered or relettered to accomplish
such intention, and the word 'ordinance" may be changed to "section," "article," or other
appropriate word.
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SECTION 5. EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Ordinance shall take effect on the 10 day of J4hya� , 202Z .
PASSED AND ADOPTED this 010 day of J 4kawy , 202 Z .
ATTEST:
7 Dan Gelber, Mayor
Rafael E. Granado, City Clerk
Underline denotes additions
Sti iketk�sug#denotes deletions
Double underline denotes additions on second reading
(Sponsored by Commissioner Mark Samuelian)
APPROVED AS TO
FORM & LANGUAGE
& FOR EXECUTION
City"Attomey Date"
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Ordinances-R5 B
MIAMI BEACH
COMMISSION MEMORANDUM
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Commission
FROM: Alina T. Hudak, City Manager
DATE: January 20, 2022
10:10 a.m. Second Reading Public Hearing
SUBJECT:AN ORDINANCE OF THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY
OF MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA,AMENDING CHAPTER 46 OF THE CODE OF
THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH, ENTITLED "ENVIRONMENT," BY CREATING
ARTICLE X, ENTITLED "USE OF GAS-POWERED LEAF BLOWERS," TO
CREATE DEFINITIONS, ADOPT REGULATIONS ON THE USE OF GAS-
POWERED LEAF BLOWERS WITHIN THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH,
PROVIDE FOR A TEMPORARY SUSPENSION FOR STORM AND
HURRICANE CLEANUP, ESTABLISH ENFORCEMENT AND PENALTY
PROVISIONS, AND PROVIDE FOR A FINANCIAL HARDSHIP WAIVER;
AND PROVIDING FOR REPEALER, SEVERABILITY, CODIFICATION,AND
AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
RECOMMENDATION
The Administration recommends the Mayor and City Commission adopt the Ordinance on First
Reading.
BACKGROUND/HISTORY
As a city leader in addressing the impacts and causes of climate change, it is vital to take
positive steps to reduce community wide greenhouse gas emissions. On April 21, 2021,
Resolution 2021-34664 was adopted declaring climate change to be caused by human activity
and pledging to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. Achieving net-zero emissions will require
policy changes and investments such as regulating the use of gas-powered leaf blowers.
In line with efforts to reduce emissions, municipal operations have begun transitioning away
from gas-powered leaf blowers. Following the adoption of Resolution 2017-29867, the Public
Works Department's Greenspace Management Division has prohibited the use of gas-powered
leaf blowers by its landscape maintenance vendors and internal operations. The Public Works
Department's Sanitation Division is in the process of transitioning to electric/battery-powered
blowers and expect to replace its existing gas-powered inventory by Spring of 2022.
At the City Commission meeting on September 17, 2021, the Mayor and City Commission
referred a discussion to the Land Use and Sustainability Committee on the status of the City's
transition from gas leaf blowers and any potential opportunities to reduce usage. On September
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30, 2021, the resident Sustainability Committee held a discussion with City staff and
representatives from Miami Beach United on gas leaf blowers. The Committee passed a
motion in support of further reducing the use.of gas-operated leaf blowers citywide to support
the City's goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving quality of life. The motion
was transmitted via Letter to Commission(Attachment A).
On October 19, 2021, the Land Use and Sustainability Committee passed a motion
recommending that the City Administration and City Attomey's Office draft an ordinance to
regulate the use of gas-powered leaf blowers citywide.
On December 8, 2021, the Mayor and City Commission passed the draft ordinance on first
reading with recommendations on offering financial incentives to residents and businesses.
ANALYSIS
Transitioning away from gas-powered leaf blowers is a positive step for communities from
multiple perspectives including reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, improving
water quality, mitigating noise pollution, and promoting operational effectiveness.
Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions:
Reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in the best interests of our community. 2
which combine with other gases in the atmosphere to form ozone; carbon monoxide; fine
particulate matter; and other toxic air contaminants in the unburned fuel, including benzene, 1,3-
butadiene, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde. For example, the California Air Resources Board
has determined that running a gas-powered leaf blower for one hour emits the same amount of
pollution as driving a light-duty passenger vehicle for approximately 1,100 miles.
Water Quality:
The filling of small engines with fuel is very prone to spillage, which is another major cause of
hydrocarbon emission. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that 17 million
gallons of fuel are spilled each year just in refueling small engines—more fuel than the Exxon
Valdez spilled in the Gulf of Alaska accident in 1989. It is estimated that every time a gas-
powered leaf blower is filled, approximately 2 ounces of gasoline is spilled. Moreover, the city
prohibits individuals from utilizing leaf blowers to discard debris into the storm drain system and
sewers to avoid contaminants from reaching waterways. Although vacuums used for
landscaping can help with mitigating the impacts of debris in the natural environment, substitutes
that are quiet and battery/electric-powered are not as widely available as leaf blowers. Moreover,
public settings, vacuums not only pick up landscape debris but have also been found to pick up
other types of litter that could potentially damage equipment and reduce the efficiency of
landscape operations.
Noise Pollution:
Leaf blowers are the subject of repeated noise complaints, particularly from gas-powered
motors. On average, electric leaf blowers can be up to 28% quieter when compared to 4-stroke
gas-powered blowers and 13-18% quieter when compared to 2-stroke gas-powered blowers.
Several local, state, and federal agencies across the U.S. have published reports concluding
that there are potential health and environmental impacts associated with noise from leaf
blowers and have taken measures to prohibit equipment over a certain noise level. In order to
control the harmful effects of noise, the World Health Organization recommends a general
outdoor noise level of 55 decibels or less, and 45 or less for sleeping restfully. Both gas and
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electric leaf blowers will generate noise, however the decibels range considerably for different
types of models. Operationally, electric leaf blowers can be quieter based on the way they are
used.
Operational Effectiveness:
Electric leaf blowers can be simpler for users, who do not need to purchase and have oil and
gas on-hand to repeatedly fill the equipment. Maintenance associated with combustion engines
is no longer needed. Technology for leaf blowers has significantly changed over years, these
advancements have allowed alternatives to gas leaf blowers to provide the similar results when
compared to battery or electric powered equipment. Leaf blowers come in a wide variety of
styles such as handheld, backpack and walk behind. They also come in wide range of air
speeds and noise ratings. Below are average characteristics comparing gas and electric/battery
leaf blowers:
Gas Electric/Battery
Equipment cost* $99-$780 $20-$400 (with extra battery)
Co2 Emissions production 2,885 lbs. 117 lbs.
for 1 hour of operation**
Run time' 47-68 min 53-174 min (depending on battery
configuration
Noise 70-75 dB at 50 feet 56-65 dB at 50 feet
**Based on data collected by QuietCleanPDX.org
Recognizing the need to protect maintain the health and quality of life of their communities, more
and more municipalities are limiting and/or phasing out gas-powered leaf blowers in the US,
including Naples and Key West, FL; Greenwich, Connecticut; Westchester, New York;
Burlington, Vermont; Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Washington D.C.
In October 2021, the State of California adopted Assembly Bill 1346 to ban the sale of gas-
powered small off-road engines, many of which are used in lawn and garden equipment, such as
leaf blowers, commercial utility equipment and specialty vehicles. The law will require newly sold
small-motor equipment primarily used for landscaping to be strictly zero-emission by 2024.
The following amendments are proposed to Chapter 46 of the City of Miami Beach Code:
• Sec.46-232. -Regulations on the use of leaf blowers.
• The use of gas-powered leaf blowers is prohibited within the city. Battery-and
electric-powered leaf blowers may be used within the city, consistent with the
regulations set forth in section 46-152 of the City Code.
• Encourages operational use of leaf blowers in a way that results in less of a noise
disturbance including not continuously running equipment and using equipment with a
low decibel range (65 dB or less).
• Sec. 46-233. -Temporary suspension for storm and hurricane cleanup.
o In the event of a hurricane,tropical storm, or similar extreme weather event,the City
Manager, in their sole discretion, may temporarily suspend the provisions of this
article to allow the use of leaf blowers for debris cleanup.
• Sec. 46-234. -Establishment of enforcement and penalties.
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Similar to City's regulation on polystyrene (Sytrofoam), plastic straws and stirrers,the Ordinance
proposes a phased implementation including education and outreach:
• Beginning on February 1, 2022, and extending through October 31, 2022, the city shall
engage in public education efforts to inform residents and landscape maintenance companies
of the provisions of this article and to provide assistance with identifying alternatives to gas-
powered leaf blowers.
• Beginning on November 1, 2022,the city shall provide for a nine-month warning period
through and including July 31, 2023, during which the code compliance department shall
issue written warnings for violations of this article.
• Beginning on August 1,2023,the code compliance department shall fully enforce the
provisions of this article.
The City's Environment and Sustainability Department will collaborate with the Marketing and
Communications Department on public outreach during the public education phase. Outreach
could include targeted communications with property owners and landscaping companies;
collaboration with local hardware stores to offer discounts to the community; partnering with a
company to create/ sponsor a rebate program; and creating an informational webpage with
resources.
In order to help offset the financial burden that residents and businesses may experience.during
the transition, the administration recommends the creation of a first come, first serve rebate
program. The program could be set up temporarily to service a limited number of participants
that provide proof of purchase of their electric/battery-powered equipment. This could be
funded from the Sustainability Initiatives fund.
SUPPORTING SURVEY DATA
44% of residents are either very satisfied or satisfied with the city's efforts to be a "green" or
sustainable city.
CONCLUSION
The Administration recommends the Mayor and City Commission adopt the Ordinance on
Second Reading.
Applicable Area
Citywide
Is this a "Residents Rigbt Does this item utilize G.O.
to Know" item, pursuant to Bond Funds?
City Code Section 2-14?
Yes No
Strategic Connection
Environment& Infrastructure- Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and heat.
Legislative Tracking
Environment and Sustainability
Sponsor
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Commissioner Mark Samuelian and Co-sponsored by Commissioners Femandez, Richardson
and Meiner
ATTACHMENTS:
Description
❑ Attachment A: Sustainability Committee Motions
❑ Ordinance
Page 646 of 1313
City of Miami Beach, 1700 Convention Center Drive, Miami Beach, Florida 33139,www.miamibectchfl.gov
Alina T. Hudak, City Manager
Tel:305-673-7010, Fax:305-673-7782
NO.LTC# 423-2021 LETTER TO COMMISSION
TO: Mayor Dan Gelber Members of the City Commission
FROM: Alina T.Hud
DATE: October 4,2012
SUBJECT: Sustainability Committee Motio'is
The purpose of this Letter to Commission is to provide you the motions made at the Sustainability
Committee meeting held on September 30,2021.
Attachment: Sustainability Committee Motions
ATH/AK/ESW/YP
Page 647 of 1313
City of Miami Beach Sustainability Committee
Members
Margarita Kruyff-Mike Gibaldi • Sarah Kott- Jason Koslowe • Santiago Tarditi •Jeremy Waks• Daniel Robles
TO: Mayor Dan Gelber and Members of the City Commission
FROM: Margarita Kruyff, Sustainability Committee Chair
DATE: October 4,2021
SUBJECT: Sustainability Committee Motion
Dear Mayor and Honorable City Commission,
The Sustainability Committee met on September 30,2021 and passed the motions below:
• In accordance with the City of Miami Beach's commitment to being a plastic free city,
the Sustainability Committee recommends that the Miami Beach Commission require
the awarded vendor(s)of the new beverage sponsor contract to.be completely plastic
free.
An overwhelming majority of items found in our beaches, waterways and coasts are
plastics. During the most recent International Coastal Cleanup Day, 83% of all litter
items collected in Miami-Dade County were single-use plastics. In addition to its low
rate of recyclability and effects on wildlife, plastic is made of fossil fuels and
negatively impacts the environment through the creation of greenhouse gases
emissions in the form of carbon dioxide(CO).
For these reasons, among others, Miami Beach is asking businesses to take action
toward reducing plastics from their establishments and should lead by example.
• The Sustainability Committee recommends that the Miami Beach Commission,
consistent with actions taken by hundreds of cities and counties nationwide and
consistent with City's goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, pass an ordinance
banning the use of gas-powered leaf blowers throughout the City of Miami Beach.
Gas powered leaf blowers have been shown to be highly detrimental to the
environment. In addition, there are adverse health effects associated with the exhaust
gas and noise. Electric leaf blowers would still be allowed as long as the device
produces no more than 65 db.
A grace period of one year before imposing penalties on businesses or residents is
suggested.
Sincerely,
Margarita Kruyff
Chair, Sustainability Committee
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