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Clerk's Ref# 464 Cf?-y c Ker 4,6 lr- Tu Ly 2,7 200 S/ • • • • • • ij • • • ORDINANCE NO. 592 • AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA, REGULATING.THE ERECTION, CON- STRUCTION, ENLARGING, ALTERATION, REPAIR, MOVING, REMOVAL, DEMOLITION, CONVERSION, OCCUPANCY, EQUIPMENT, USE, HEIGHT, AREA AND MAINTENANCE OF ALL BUILDINGS AND/OR STRUCTURES IN THE CITY OF e.IA•:?I BEACH, • FLORIDA, AND OTHER MATTERS RELATING TPERE- TO; PROVIDING FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF A BOARD OF RULES AND APPEALS TO OVERSEE • LICENSE EXAMINATIONS CONNECTED WITH BUILD- ING ACTIVITIES, AND TO SUSPEND OR REVOKE SUCH LICENSES; ESTABLISHING FIRE ZONES; • PROVIDING FOR PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF THIS' ORDINANCE; AND REPEALING ORDINANCE NO. 233 AND ALL OTHER ORDINANCES OF PARTS OF ORDINANCES IN CONFLICT HEREWITH. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH, FLOPIDA: Section 1. That the following document which comprises Section 2'of this Ordinance, being marked and designated as the "MIAMI BEACH BUILDING CODE", be and the same is hereby adopted as the building • code of the City of Miami Beach, Florida, for the purpose of regulating the erection, construction, alteration, repair, moving, removal, demolition, conversion, occupancy, equipment, use, height, area and maintenance of all buildings and/or structures in the City of Miami Beach, Florida, and other matters relating thereto. • • 4. • • TITLE INDEX • •I, PART MANS SECTION TITLE III . TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION (Continued) RT CHAPTER SECTION TITLE .0G TYPE I BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES (Cont*.) ADMINISTRATIVE .06 Interior Bearing Walls and Partitions .07 Enclosure of Vertical Openings .01 TITLE AND SCOPE .08 Structural Frame-work .01 Title .09 Fire-proofing of Structural Members 02 Purpose .10 Floor Construction .03 Scope .11 Roof Construction .04 Application to Existing Buildings .12 Stairs .05 Maintenance of Buildings and Property • .13 Doors and Windows 02 GENERAL PROVISIONS .14 Projections from the Building ..15' Roof Structures and Skylights .01 Plans and Specifications ' .16 ..Combustible Materials Regulated -02 Permits Required , pp ,s�, , .03 Inspections , . .07 TYPE (SemiII lFire-Rebjt 4�M�� y .04 Certificate of Occupancy • .01 Definition .05 Change of Occupancy .02 Height Allowable .03 ENFORCEMENT .03 Area Allowable .01 Powers and Duties of Chief Building .04 Foundations , Inspector .08 Exterior and Inner Court and Fire Walls .02 Condemnation Proceedings .06 Interior Bearing Walls and Partitions .03 Board of Rules and Appeals .07 Enclosure of Vertical Openings .04 Alternate Materials and Types of Construction .08 Structural Framework 05 Examining Boards .09 Fire-proofing of Structural Members 06 Violations and Penalties • .10 Floor Construction DEFINITIONS • .11 Roof Construction. • .12 Stairs .04 DEFINITIONS .13 Doors and Winttow8 O1 Definitions • .14 Projections from Buildings • • .15 Roof Structures and Skylights TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION .10 Combustible Materials Regulated .05 CLASSIFICATION BY TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION TYPE III HUILDIN66 OR STRUCTURES (Ordinary Masonry) .01 General .01 i,^fi•nition .02 Classification by Types of Construction .02 Height Allowable .08 TYPE I BUILDINGS 0T STRUCTURES .03 Area: Allowable (Fire-Resistive) • .04 Foundations • .01 Definition . .05 Exterior and Inner Court and Fire walls .02 Height Allowable .00 Interior Dearing Walls and Partitions ' .03 Area Allowable .07 I••nelos .re of Vertical Openings .04 Foundations .05 Exterior and Inner Court and Fire Walls PART CHAPTER SECTION TITLE III TAPES OF CONSTRUCTION (:;ontinued) .08 TYPE III BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES (Cont. ) .08 Structural Frame work .09 Fire-proofing of Structural Members PART CHAPTER SECTION TITLE .10 Floor Construction .11 Roof Construction V REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY (Cart.) .12 Stairs .13 Doors and Windows .18 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "G" BUILDING! .14 Projections from the Building .12 Plumbing and Sanitation • .18 Roof Structures and Skylights . 13 Mixed Occupancy . 16 Combustible Materials Regulated .19 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "H" BUILDINGI .09 TYPE IV BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES (Frame Construction) .01 Group "H" Occupancy refined • O1 Definition •02 Construction, Height and Area Aliowab. .03 Location on Property .02 Height Allowable .04 Exit Facilities .03 Area Allowable .05 Light and Ventilation .04 Foundations .08 Exterior Walls and Wall Covering and Fire 08 Rooms Walls .07 Enclosure or Vertica Openings .08 Fire Protection and hazards .00 Interior Bearing Wail's and Partitions .09 Canvas .07 Enclosure of Vertical Openings .08 FloorConstruction 10 Electrical 09 Roof Construction .11 Plumbing and Sanitat.;on 10 Stairways .12 Mixed Occupancy .11 Projections from Buildings .20 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "I" BUILDINGS .12 Combustible Materials .01 Group "I" Occupancy Defined IV REQUIREMENTS BY FIRE ZONES .02 Construction, Height aid Area Allowabl .03 Location on Property •.10 REQUIREMENTS BY FIRE ZONES .04 Exit Facilities O1 Fire Zones Defined •• .05 Light and Ventilation 02 General Requirements 00 Enclosure of Vertical Openings .03 Restrictions in Fire Zone One 07 fire Protection and Uetzards .04 Restrictions in Fire Zone Two .08 Signs .Oo Restrictions in Fire Zone Tnree 09 Canvas .06 Restrictions in Fire Zone Four 10 Electrical . 11 Plumbing and Sanitation V REQUIREMENTS BASED ON OCCUPANCY . 12 Exceptions and Deviations .13 Mixed Occupancy .11 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND CLASSIFICATION .01 General Requirements VI ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION REGULATION _ _. .16 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "E" BUILDINGS 21 LIVE AND DEAD LOADS .01 Group "E" Occupancy Defined .01 General .02 Construction, Height and Area Allowable ▪02 Unit Live Loads ▪03 Location on Property .03 Speci+ ' Live Load Cons:.derations .04 Exit Facilities .04 Roof L.•ve Loads .05 Light and Ventilation 08 Live Load reductions .06 Enclosure of Vertical Openings .4 .06 Posting Live Loads ..07 Fire Protection and Hazards .07 Occupancy Permits .08 Signs .08 Wind Requirements .00 Canvas .09 Unit Dead Loads .10 Electrical .10 Foundation Design .11 Plumbing and Sanitation .11 Load Tests • .12 Mixed Occupancy .22 EXCAVATIONS, FOOTINGS AND FOUNDATION .17 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "F" BUILDINGS .01 Excavations .01 Group "F" Occupancy Defined .02 Bearing Capacity of Soils .02 Construction, Height and Area Allowable .03 Soil Bearing Foundations .03 Location on Property .04 Pile Foundations .04 Exit Facilities .05 Foundation Walls and Grade Beams .05 Light and Ventilation .08 Retaining Walls .06 Enclosure of Vertical Openings .23 REINFORCED CONCRETE .07 Fire Protection and Hazards .08 Signs .01 Reinforced Concrete requirements .09 Canvas .02 Definitions and Notations ▪10 Electrical .03 Materials and Tests . 11 Plumbing and Sanitation ▪04 Quality of Concrete .12 )I1xed occupancy .05 Field Tests .00 Proportions ana Consistency .18 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "G" BUILDINGS .07 Mixing and Placing 01 Group "G" Occupancy Defined .08 Forms, Placing of Reinforcement and Ser vice Pipes .02 Construction, Height and Area Allowable .09 Design Assumptions .03 location on Property .04 Exit Facilities .10 Working Stresses • .05 Light and Ventilation .11 General Flexual Computations .00 Rooms .12 General Shear and Diag•,nal Tension Cows utattens .0? Enclosure of Vertical Openings .13 Bond Stress .08 Fire Protection and Hazards .14 Anchorage of Reinforcement .09 Signs .15 Compression Reinforcement in Flexut • 10 Canvas Members .11 Electrical .18 Temperature Reinforcement .17 Rectangular Beams ant' Slabs .18 T-Beams .19 Composite Beams .20 Ribbed and Combinati.>n Slabs .21 Two-way Slabs vG 5 r�---__ - - • II .02 Occupancy Classified - l .03 Change in Use11 li .04 Human Occupancy of Buildings i' .05 Adjoining Occupancy PART CHAPTER SECTION TITLE .06 Fire Divisions VI ENGINEERINGANI) CON TRUOTION REGUI, ONS .07. Party Walls (Cant uew • .08 Separations .09 Hazardous Utilities .23 REINFORCED CONCRETE . 10 Exit Facilities for Mixed Occupancies .22 Flat Slabs .11 Location on the property .23 Columns • "f1.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "A" BUILDINGS .24 Monolithic Walls .25 Footings .01 ' Group "A" Occupancy Defined .02 Construction, Height and Area Allowable .24 REINFORCED GYPSUM CONCRETE .03 Location on Property .01 resign of Reinforced Gypsum Concrete .04 Exit Facilities .02 Control of Gypsum Concrete Products .05 Light and Ventilation .03 Materials of Gypsum Concrete .0G Enclosure of Vertical Openings .04 Strength of Gypsum Concrete .07 Stages and Platforms .05 Allowable Stresses in Gypsum Concrete 1 .08 Motion Picture Machine Booths .08 Poured-in-place Gypsum Concrete l • .09 Fire Protection and Hazards .07 Pro-cast Gypsum Concrete ,i .10 Signs .25 MASONRY WALLS AND PARTITIONS . 11 Canvas .12 Electrical .01 ueneral Requirements .13 Plumbing and Sanitation .02 Eat<rials. Tests and Approval of Masonry Units .14 Exceptions and Deviations .03 Brick .15 Mixed Occupancy • 04 Stone .13 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "B" BUILDINGS .05 Cast Stone -01 Group "D" Occupancy Defined .06 Concrete Blocks .02 Construction, Height and Area Allowable .07 Structural Clay Tile .03 Location on Property .08 Gypsum Tile .04 Exit Facilities .09 Plain Concrete .05 Light and Ventilation . 10 Plain Gypsum Concrete .08 Enclosure of Vertical Openings .11 Mortar .07 Platforms. Rostrums and Chancels . 12 Allowable Unit Stresses in Masonry .08 Motion Picture Machines .13 Masonry Arches .09 Fire Protection and Hazards .14 Reinforced Masonry . 10 Signs . 13 Second-hand Masonry Materials' . 16 Exterior. Load-bearing and Eire Walls .17 Panel Wails .18 Parapet Walls ' .19 Gable Walls .20 Hollow Walls a • .21 Veneered or Faced Walls •-.22 Fences .22 ether t±asonrx Walls... . .24 Stucco A,t .25 Partitions Chases, Recesses and Openings , PART CHAPTER SECTION TITLE Projections and Corbels V REQUIREMENTS BASED ON UCCUPANCY(Cont) ..20 IRON AND STEEL .01 Design of Steel and Iron .13 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "B" BUILDINGS .02• Notations (Continued) .03 Quality of Steel and Iron .11 Canvas .04 Allowable Stresses in Structural Steel , 12 Electrical . .05 Allowable Stresses in Cast Steel .andpCast . .13 Plumbing and Sanitation Iron • _ .14 Exceptions and Deviations .06 Combination, Wind" and *Thor stresses .15 Mixed Occupancy .07 Tension Members .06 Compression Members .14 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "C" BUILDINGS .09 Members in Bending WI . .01 Group "C" Occupancy Defined . 10 Thickness of'Mater ,'• .02 Construction, Height and Area Allowable .11 ' Gross Wild Net Sections .03 Location on Property . 12 Connections • .04 Exit Facilities .13 flivets and'Bolts .05 Light and Ventilation .14 Rivet Spacing . .00 Enclosure of Vertical Openings . 15 Welded Connections .07 platform Construction .18 Tie Plates • I ' .08 Motion Picture Machines .17 . Lacing . .09 Fire Protection and Hazards • • .18 Column Bases- ' .19 Miscellaneous Details. , . 10 Signs , . 11 Canvas - ..20 ' Workmanship . 12 Electrical .21. Erection . .13 Plumbing and Sanitation !.22 Protection of Structural Metal.. ' .14 Exceptions and Deviations 27•4 WOOD • . 15 Mixed Occupancy • aO1 Design on Wood .15 REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "D" BUILDING6 ,02 rotations' - .01 Group "D" Occupancy Defined .03 Quality, Sizes and Grades .02 Construction, height and area allowable .04 ' Allowable- Stresses in "Qlo»d • • .03 Location on Property w .05 Compression Members .04 -Exit Facilities .06 Members in Rending . .05 Light and Ventilation .07 Trusses .00 Rooms .08 Construction Details .07 Enclosure of Vertical Openings " a • .08 Motion Picture Machines - .09 Fire Protection and Hazards . . 10 Signs . .11 Canvas • ' -.- .12 Electrical . 13 Plumbing and Sanitation ' .14 Mixed Occupancy PART GRAPIER SECTION TITLE VI ENGINEERING AID CONSTRMTTION RLX;UTAL'IMS ( ont nue() ,27 WOOD .09 Workmanship .10 Protection of Wood VII DETAILED REGULATIONS .28 EXIT FACILITIES .01 General .02 Stairways .03 Ramps ▪OA Smoke-proof Towers .05 Horizontal Exits .CO Escalators e .07 Aisles and Corridors .08 Doors .09 Exit Signs and Emergency Lights .29 ELEVATORS AND ESCALATORS .01 General .02 Detailed Requirements for Elevators .03 Detailed Requirements for Escalators • .30 SAFETY REGULATIONS .01 General .02 Demolition • .03 Excavation .04 Side-walk Sheds and Fences .05 Stacking and Storing Materials and Waste Disposals .00 ,Hoisting 4achinery .07 berricks .08 Cables, Ropes, Chains and Blocks .09 Platform Hoists .10 hoist Towers . 11 Temporary Flooring .12 Floor Openings .13 Runways and Ramps . 14 Temporary Stairways .15 Ladders .10 Scaffolds .17 Guard nails and Toe Hoards '.18 Temporary Light andvpower .19 First Aid .20.• Sanitation `:. ••• s .21 Welding and Cutting ' • .22 Open Fireg .31 OCCUPANCY OF PUBLIC AND RESTRICTED PROPERTY .01. General Provisions .02 Temporary Occupancy of Public and Re- stricted Property .03 Permanent Occupancy of Public and Re- stricted property VI II FIRE RESISTIVE STANDARDS AND PROTECTION .32 FIRE RESISTIVE STANDARDS , •.O1 Determination of Fire Resistance .02 Fire Resistive Materials and Construction .03 Exceptions to Fire-proofing Requirements .04 Protection for Steel Columns .05 Protection of Cast Iron Columns .06 Protection of Steel Beams, Girders and Trusses .07 Protection of Steel In Concrete Columns .08 Protection of Steel in Reinforced Con- crete Beams • .09 Protection of Steel in Concrete Floors .and Roofs .10 Fire-resistive Floor and Roof Construc- tion .11 Fire-resistive 'Ceiling Construction •.12 Fire-resistiveExterior, Court and Fire (Bearing and Non-bearing) Walls • .13 Fire-resistive Interior Bearing Wand .14 Fire-resistive Interior Non-Bearing . partitions . .15. Fire-resistive Doors .16 Fire-resistive Windows it '. . 17 Panel Enclosures for Store Fronts, eat•c. • . 18 . ,F;Fe-res.i•stive Roof Covering • ` frq % • • • • F..8.26.15.tD2.02 y> x: � v Line #3 the welds per linear inch be stressed beyotei those spec e( rv.' ,a `�; w . e� ,{ • ; . 6. th fifty (d0) Line #3 specified in this Section by not seas an ` ;•_ • i - • I` . percent. ' . 8.27.08.05 PART I i, Line #11 nailed on altevete sides of the aurpportirg joists and • ADMINISTRATIVE i 8.27.08.08.02 Line #3 under Section 6.27.08.0NC:2.01,'shall be provided under CHAPTER I - TITLE AND SCOPE I.4 .1.01.01 This compilation shall be enown aY•the Miami Beach Building TITLE Code and may be j cciitel as such, d will be referred to here-, . . _. . after as this C 7 ff • 1.01.02 The purpose of this Code is to pride certain minimise) PIRP08E • standards, provisions and requirenepeb for safe and stable) design, methods, of construction and uses of-materials inL . buildings and/or structures hereafter erected, constructed, • • enlarged, altered, repaired, moved, converted to other uses or demolished, to provide for the safety of workers and PART CHAPTER SECTION TITLE . others during these operations, and to regulate the equip- ment, materials, use and occupancy of all buildings and/or; VIII FIRE RESISTIVE STANDARDS AND PROTECTION • structures in the City of Miami Beach. The provisions:ofg this Code shall be deemed to supplement any and all Stets' • u laws of the State of Florida relating to building. 4s t • .33 FIRE EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS • .01 General 11.001.03 .01 New buildings and/or, structures hereafter erected in 02 Automatic Sprinklers the City of Miam2 Beach shall conform to all require- .02 rents of this Code; and all requirements in,this all, un- .03 Stand-pipes lees.otherwise specifically provided, shalt apply to new buildings. ,� .04 Yard Hydrants .05 Water Supply .02 Additions, alterations, repairs and changes to the 08 Portable Fire Extinguishers or occupancy in all build Ines hall comply w • reeufsementa far new buf�dinl[e, except as otherwise • .07 Inspection and Tests for in Section 1.01.04 of thiias Code. .08 Miscellaneous Requirements .34 SPECIAL FIRE PROTECTIVE REQUIREMENTS 1.01.01 The following specified reouirements shall apply to exist., APPLICATION ing buildings, which for any reason whatsoever do not con- 01 Fire-places • con- TO to the requirements of this Code for new buildings. .02 Space Heaters .01 If alterations and/or repairs in excess of fifty (50><g 03 Boilers percent of the value of en existing building are rem quired for such existing building withinanyperiod of twelve. .04 Water Heaters (12) months, the entire building shall be made to confore. with the requirements given herein for new buildings; pro- .05 Ranges vided, however, that any existing building, for any reason .00 Incinerators whatsoever, requiring at any time, repairs in excess of O7 Oil-burners fifty (50) percent of the value thereof', not deducting from • such value any loss caused by fire,wind or any other reason, .08 Combustion Engines shall be made to conform to the requirements of' this Code or 09 Transformer Vaults shall be entirely demolished. (gee Chapter 10, for build- ings located in Fire Zones.) .10 Solar Heaters build-1 11 Other Bent Proaucing Apparatus A .02 If' the existing use or occupancy of an existing ing is changed to a,use or occupancy which would .12 Storage Tanks for Volatile, Inflammable not be permitted in a similar building hereafter erected, Liquids the entire building shall be made to:deinform with the re-1 13 Chimneys quirerents given herein for new buildings; provided,however, that if the use or oocupancy of only a portion orportions! .14 smoke Stacks are segregated as specified in Section 5.11.07 of this Code,. then onlyy-suoh portion• or portions of the building need be, .15 Smoke Pipes made to comply with said requirements; and provided,further, .16 Ventilating Ducts that the Chief Building Inspector is hereby given authority, . to approve any change in the use or occupancy of an exist-, ing building within any one Group of Occupancy as specified, in Part V, even though such building is not made to fully ___„„,_eor,d_amrtajte regl irgpents of_this Code,_when it isobvio ,r el • that such a change in the use or occupancy of the existing • y . - i • • building will not extend or increase any existing noncon- formity or hazard of' the building. • , • ERRATA t .03 Any existing buildings not covered by Sections 1.01. .,. 04.01 and 1.01.04.02 which has its floor area or its •• • number of stories increased or its use or occupancy changed SECTION SHOULD READ in anyway from its former or existing use or.elocupancy shall • be provided with stairways, exits and fire extinguishing, 5.11.07.03 wall In all its its shall conform to the apparatus as specified in this Code for buildings hereafter: Lire #1 Suchparts . . erected for similar uses or occupancies. 5.17.04.01.02 .04 Every alteration or repair to any structural part or Line #5 A point not less than twenty (20) feet from any peTpsn- portion of an existing building shall, when deemed dicular • necessary, in the opinion of' the Chief Building Inspector be made to conform to the requirements of this Code for new 6.21.02.08 buildings. A11nor alterations, repairs"and changes nat'cov- Line #11 Power and Pumping Plants 200 ered by the preceding Sub-sections may be made of' the same material of which the building is constructed; provided that 6.23.04.01.02 not more than twenty-five (25) percent of the roof covering Line #7 days not less than that shown on the plans and on,which of any building shall be replaced in any period of twelve • (12) months unless the entire roof' covering it made to con- 6.23.05.01 • form with the requirements of this Code'fler new biifldi t, Line #7 of Miami Peach. Refusal to male such tests shall be • New roofing, meeting tbk requirements of this Code, may cause placed over existing roo g ooft''l when the existing roof and r • framing is such as to permit the new roofing to be,proper 6.23.07.08.01 • supported and securely fastened. ,. Line #4 division thereof as is required by the location of the 4tf 6.23.11.04.GO 1.01.05 .01 Buildings: , Line #5 so far as regards its effect on distribution of coo- • OF B BUIIDINOS .01 The requirements contained in this Code, cover- 6.23.11.07.01 a AND PROPERTY irg the maintenance of builditiftzethell,apply to Line Solid Concrete Construction w+ 0.8s all buildings and/or structures now exis or hereafter. 7 Canbination Floor Construction w+ 0 is erected. A11 buildings and/or structures and all parts Ribbed Floor Construction w + 0 le but not more than thereof shall be maintained in.a safe condition and all de-- w + twice the rib spacing • vices or safeguards which are required by this Code at the• erection, alteration or repair of any bitilding•shall be 8.23.12.02.03 ' maintainedrin goodrorkdng order. Line #7 _ Ar fY jd(cos a + sin a) • �j8 s - .02 This Sri section shall not be construed as per- V' mitting the removal or non-maintenance of any: • existins devices or safe-guards unless authorized by the. Line #I0 s = A, f, jd Chief Building Inspector. #11 V• .02 Property: No debris of any lord shall remain on any lot, or on a sidewalk or street contiguous Lire #14 s = A f j d • thereto, resulting from a fire, wind storm or tram the de- 15 v • molition or partial demolition of any building, nor shall 0.7 V' any equipment, excess building materials, storage sheds, etc., remain upon any such lot, sidewalk or.street upon cam- 6.23.13.03 pletion of any new building upon such lot, nor shall any Line #7 u = V (1 - in M ) equipment, neterials, tool-sheds, debris, etc., be stored on #8 g jd Vd any vacant cr partially vacant lot in the City of Miami Beach except as provided for in the Zoning Ordinances. It is here- by made the duty of the owner or his agent to remove or cause here- 6.23.17.01 signed in accordance with the preceding general ' to be removed from such sidewalk, street•and/or lot all such , equipment, materials too sheds, debris, etc., within .a ix 6.24 08 04 days after notice by tie fillet Building Inspector. Lire #8 the gypsum concrete may be so designed that a part or , . • . 6.28.04.03 • • Lire #14 Bolts, on area at root of thread 16,000 6.28.08.02.04 • Line #6 be subject to impact from vehicles. ' ' • i 6.26.09.01.04.03 1 . Lire #4 more than eight (8) tines their nominal diameter. . i • • 1.02.01 1.02.02 • CHAPTER 2 - GENERAL PROVISIONS .04 Permits for the co.nplete obstruction • of any street, Rn ley, or avenue shall be obtain- ed from both the engineering Division and the Fire Division. 1.02.01 .01 Plana and specifications shall be furnished for pro- .05 Permits for the temporary, partial obstruction {'MARS AND posed building work where the total.cost of such of any street, alley, or sidewalk, the ' SI .tIFI- building won'•exceeds One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) and storing of any building materials,avenueor the erection of any CATIONS shall bear the signature and/or seal of an architect or temporary construction buildings within the street lines of structural erytineer registeredisrspe in the State of Florida and any street, alley or avenue shall be obtained from the En- . . in good atandi:g with has respective State Board. gineering Division, but shall not be issued without endorse- .02 Plana shall be upon substantial paper or cloth with meat by the Building Division and the Fire Division. the main details drawn to a scale of not less than }" ,02 Any person desiring a permit to be issued by the Build- egpals 1 , and showing completely allfourdatiore, wall sec- tions, floor plans, roof plan:, elevations, etc., together ing Division as required hereby shall file therewith rue with the use or occupancy of ell. parts of the building, all application in writing on a form to be furnished for that unoccupied portions of the lot or lots,. and complete struo- purpose. Everysuch application shall describ+ the land upon electrical plans and which the proposed work is to be done, either by lot, block Loral, mechanical, olumbiru and other reasonable information as may be reouired to clearly and subdivision, or deft,simil r general the ppttion that will show the character and location of the proposed work. Com- readily identify and 3efin tely locate the proposed building putations stress diazrams and other data necessary to show or work. the ccmpliannceandcorreotness of the plans shall be included .04 Approved plans and sppecifications as p,�ovided in see- when reouired by the Chief Building Inspector. Any apeeifi-, tion 1.02.01 shall bra submitted with every application • catione*in which general expressions are used to the effect for a building permit; p ided, however, that the Chief that "Work shall be done in accordance with the Building BuildingInspector ma authorize the issuarce of a permit. Code" or "to the satisfaction of thhe Chief Building Inspec- without and specifications for small or'unimportant tar" shall be deemed imperfect and incomplete, and every re- work, but in no case where the value of such work exceeds .• ferente to this Code shall be by sect ion or subsection number work, .00. 0:•applicable to the materials to be used, or to the methods of construction proposed. .05 Applications for permits will be accepted only from contractors licensed in their respective fields and in .03 Plans and specifications shall be submitted to the good standing in the City of riami Beach; prayided, howe"er, Building Divisionbythe architect or structural engin- that asole owner may make application for permit, and surer- eer responsible therefor prior to the awarding of any eon- vise work in connection with the constructions, maintenance, tracts in connection therewith. Such architect or engineer or repair of his own residence if he successitully complies ' shall file with the Chief Building Inspector an affidavit to with all the requirements for contractors On the type of the effect that such plans and specifications have been pre- work involved other than the payment of sudh contractor's pared in compliance with the provisions of this Code, the license fees. Such licensed contractor orlowner Shall be • Zoning Ordinance, and other laws and regulations applicable held responsible to the Heed of the Division issuing the per- thereto. mit for the proper supervision and conduct o ' all work cov- ered thereby. I .04 Plans for workinwhich definite structural, mechanical or electrical problems are involved shall, at the dis- .06 Upon presentation to the Building Division of an ap- ' cretion of the Chief Building Inspector, be approved by and plication for a perm t and the payment Of the required bear the signature and/or seal of a Professional Engineer, permit fee and the pasting of clean-up bonds as provided for ' . registered.by and in good standing with the State Board of in the Rules, the Build' Division shall issue a permit Engineering Examiners. therefor,and with each sue permit a weatherproof card which shall bear a description the property, the nature of the .05 The Chief Building Inspector, at his discretion,.amy work to be done, the name f the architect engineer, the require that lot plans be approved by and bear the name of the contractor, nd other pertinent information. signature and/or seal of a land surveyor, registered and In Such cards shall be mainta nevi in a conspicuc(us place on the. good standing with the State Board of Engineering Examiners. front of the premises aff cted thereby until,theworkeuthor- ized by such permit shall ve been completer!, and no build- . .06 The plans and specifications shall be filed in dupli- imp, construction, alteration, repair, or demelition shall be cate and shall be checked in the order filed by the commenced, nor shall any me!aaterials, equipment, tool sheds, • • Building Division. Within three (3) working days after re- etc., be moved on such site until the permit holder or his ceipt, the Chief Building Inspector shall approve or reject agent shall have so post the permit card. such plans and specifications and shall so notify the archi- tect or engineer; except that in the case of large and corn- .07 Pending the comrletibn of checking of plans and speci- . plex buildings, or buildings concerning which information is flcatiors the Chief uildi Inspector. at his discre- not complete, the ChiefBuilding Inspector may require more tion, attupan payment of the total reouired the, may author- than three (3)days, but not to exceed ten (10) working days. ize the issuance of a special permit for the fcuaxlations of a building or structure, but the holder of such special permit .07 When such plans and specifications are in conformity shall proceed only at his own risk and without assurance with the requirements of this Code, the Miami Beach that a permit for the superstructure will be granted. Zoning Ordinance ant all other laws or ordinances applicable thereto theChief Building Inspector shall endorse, in writ- .08 Every permit issued by the Building Division under the ing or by stamp, both sets of plans and specifications as _ _ provisions of this Section shall expire by limitation - •e•-"Apprresd".,,,_One such sgt shall be retained bathe Chief and become null and void if the building or stork authoriied Building Inspector, arc-the other set returned to the arch!- by such permit is not commenced within sixty (60) days from tact or engineer to be used as the basis for prosecuting the the date of such permit, or if the building.or work author- work contemplated thereby, and it shall be kept on such ized by such permit is suspended or abandoned at any time • building or work and open to inspection by public officials, after the work is co menaed for a rer'od of sixty (60) days. at all times during which such work is in progress. Such Before such work can be rscemnenced a new permit shall first ! plans and specifications shall not be changed, modified or be obtained so to do, an0 tie fee therefor spell be one-half altered without authorization from the Chief Building In- the amount required for a Los permit. 'lark shall not be i - • spector, and all work shall be done in accordance therewith. deemed io have started or ecll deened to have been suspended • when such work is being coo _ intermittently car with less then , twenty-.rive (25) percent r a normal wor'd.ng, crew. '1.02.02 ' .01 Permits to be issued by the Building Division shell be MAIM required for the following operations: 1 02.03 .01 Reouests for insee lions shall be ft ed in duplicate REQUIRED INSPECTTIONS in tie office Oft '?uildine livisior�,and inspections .01 The erection or construction of any building or shall he made as soon the otter as nractictble, but in any structure; the adding to enlarging, moving, case within forty-eight . urs. Improving, altering, covering, extending, or demolishing of any building or structure where the value of such proposed .02 In general, built' ng inspection ,hall be made as work exceeds $25.00. follows: • .02 The installation, alteration, or repair of any .01 Foundation I *teetfor : sanitary plumbing, water supply, or gas supply • system. .01 Soil '3e rings: Inspections shall be made of soil bearing fouunda- • .03 The installation, alteration, or repair of any tiors rfter all excavate.* have been erode end forms and re- electrical wiring or equipment where the differ- inforeir„ steel are in r)r^e; ere 'eefnee the placing of any ence in potential between any two conductors or between any • concrete, 'one conductor and'ground is more than 100 volts. .02 Pile F undntinrs: Inspections shall be • • . .04 The installation alteration or major repair of made flurire; the driv- any elevator or hoist referred to in this Code. ing of the piles and aft r n11 riles are driven and formes and reinforcing :teal r. a to ',lace and tied, and before .05 .The installation, alteration or major repair of placing any concrete. *Sy boiler, furnace, steam actuated machinery, refrigerating, air-conditioning or mechanical ventilation' .02 Progress In rections: n'neepparatue or any Mechanical or chemical apparatus which by • • `reason of faulty installation, deterioration, or any other .01 Type I onstruction: At each floor level ' cause might become a menace to life or property. I am! the roof, after beans, coheres and slab. are"corned and the m•oir/forcing steel .08 The erection remodeling relocating, repair , is inplace and tied, and before the placing of any concrete. altering, or removal of any signs. . .02 Types II, itl and iV Cors':ruction: At each ' .0/ The erection, alteration or repair of any can- floor , vas apputrtannces referred to in this Cade. level and the roof,after the vertical are horizontal framing is 1u place are prorerly secured and bridged, and before any 408 The storage and use of all volatile inflammable lath is applied. liquids, gases and materials, but such termite shall not be issued without the endorsement of the Fire .03 Prohibitions: No reir_"orcinng steel or Chief. structural framework of any building shall be covered or concealed in any manner .02 Permits which are not issued by the Building Division without first obtaining the approval of the Building Divi- i• shall be required for the following operations: sion In buildings where plaster is used for fire protec- tion purposes, the permit holder or his arsnt shall notify .01 Permit shall first be obtained from the Super- the Building Division after all lathing and backing are in , vising Architect of the State Hotel Commission' place and all plastering materials are delivered to the job, for the construction, alteration or remodeling of any build- and no plaster shall be applied until the approval of the .ing to be used by the public for eating or sleeping purposes Building Division has been received. as provided for in the Hotel Commission Rules. .03 In general, plumbing inspections shall be made .02 Permit for the moving of any building or struct- of the ground work and nt each floor. All plumb- • ure along or across any public street, alley or ing work shall be left uncovered and convenient for examina- averrue shall be obtained from the Engineering Division, but tion until insnectee and'arrroved. Floors shall be left up shall not be issued without endorsement of the Building Di in all bath rooms and elsewhere above all s,tnitery rlumbine, vision and the City Council. water supply and gas supply piping and otter p).unbing work until it shall have been examined, tested and approved. • .03 Permit for the moving of any cranes, pile driv- ers, or other similar heavy equipment or for the .04 In penneral, electrical ina ectipts shell be made transporting of unusually long or heavy structural members at each flooe level; and no conduit, boxes, pan- , over City streets, alleys, or avenues shall be obtained from els or other electrical lappurtenances shell be covered or the vine gineering Division. --r- •--_ . .. -_._ --) •• . _ - ' - >m► 1 II ! I • I.03.0l .02.03'• Se . • CHAPTER 3 - ENFORCEMENT • I I concealed until approval shall have been received from the ' Building Division. 1.03 01 .01 The Chief Building InspectEbr is herebe.euthorized•end IP .05 Inspections shall be weds of all mechanical in- POME7.S AM) directedto enforce all of the provisionm of this Code, stallations, signs, canvas, etc., immediately DLTIES OF subject to the powers vested in the Board of Rules and upon completion and et such intervals during the progress of CHIEF Appeals. and for such purpose he shall prescribe the duties, the work as the Chief Building Inspector shall direct. BUILDING rules. and regulations for all persons engaged in the ser- INSPECTcF vice of the Building Division. such tersons shall do am' .00 No work shall be done on any parts of a building perform such duties as the Chief Building Inspector may re- and/or structure, aeon any plaiting, electrical, quire or direct and shall be under his directions, supete 1- mechanical or other installation beyond the point indicated sion, and control. for each successive inspection without first having obtained the approval of the Building Division. .02 The Chief Building Inspector and his authorized repre- sentatives shall have the powers of police off leers .07 Supervision by qualified Building Supervisors and may enter any building or premises for the purpose of. shall be required in connection with all con- inspection or to prevent violations of this Cate, upon pre- struction or structural alterations or repairs to all build- sentation of proper credentials. ings of Group A, B, C, D, and E occupancy and all buildings ' for Group Fend 0 occupancies which are more than two stories .03 Whenever any building work is being done contrary to . in height. For the purpose of such supervision, all archi- the provisions of this Code or is being done in any tects and structural engineers registered an' in good stand- unsafe or dangerous manner, the Chief Building Inspector may ing with their resycotive state boards shall be considered order such work stopped until arrangements, in compliance competent supervisors, end such other persons as have had with the provisions of this Code and satisfactory-to the ten (10) or more years of responsible exyerience in building Chief Building Inspector, have been made, at which tima'he construction work and who successfully pass an examination may authorize the work to proceed: for Building Supervisors es prescribed by the Board of Rules and Appeals. Any violation of this Cale or departure from .04 The issuance or ¢ranting of a permit Shellanot beW • the plans and specifications shall be reported to the Chief deemed or construed tube a permit for, or an approval ' Building Inspector and during the construction, period re- of, any violation of this Code. No permit presuming to give ports may be required. After completion of such building, authority to violate or cancel any of the provisions of this the Building Supervisor shall furnish the Chief Building In- Code shall be valid. except insofar as the use or work which • spector with a Certificate of Comrliarlce stating that the it authorizes is lawful. • work upon such building has been completed in a satisfactory manner,and that the requirements of this Code affecting such .05 The issuance of a permit, upon plans and specifice@e, building have been fully complied with. If there shall have tions. shall not prevent the thief Building Inspector' , teen any infractions of this Cade they shall be noted in this from thereafter requiring the correction of errors in such• statement. Such Certificate of Compliance shall bear the plans and specifications, or from preventing building opera- 1egal description of the property upon which such building tions being carried on thereunder, when in violation of this is located and an identifyine description of the building, Code, the zoning Ordinance of the City of Miami Beach, or of and no Certificate of 0ccu"arcv 3''all be issued until the any other ordinance of the City of taami Beach applicable • provisions of this Section shall have been complied with. A thereto. duplicate of each Certificate of Compliance shall be kept on file in the office of the Chief Building Infector. .06 The Chief Building Inspector may order,portions of the structural frame of a building and/or structure to be;:. .08 Final inspections, incltdi'-Y zoning, building, exposed for inspection when in his ereegon thee,are good el and plumbing, electrical ant mechanical instal- reasons to believe that a building or portion thereof is in lations, shall be made after the building is completed and an unsafe or dangerous condition. all required safeguards are installed, arid before the issu- ' • ance of a Certificate of Occupancy, .07 Whenever any building or port ion thereof is being used' or occupied contrary to the provisions of this Code, .09 The Chief Building Inspector shall cause to be the Chief Building Inspector shall order such use or occur inspected from time to time, and as nearly as pancy discontinued and the building or portion thereof ve- practicable, once a year, all buildings of ptb lic assembly, cater!, by notice served on any person using, or causing such schools, halls, theatres, buildings used for commercial par- building or portion thereof to be used, within ten (10) lays poses, hotels, hospitals, apartment houses, and all other ' after receipt of such notice, or make the building or por- buildings occupied and used by large numbers of persons, and tion thereof to comply with the requirements of this Code. fences, signs and other structures, for purposes of escer- rrovided. however, that in the event of an emergency Section taming the safety thereof. 1.03.02 shall apply. 2.04 .01 No building shall be occupied in any part thereof un- 1.03.02 .01 Any building or portion thereof. including buildings TIFICATE less or until a Certificate of Occupancy issued by the CONDEMNATION and/or structures in the process of erection, if fount OCCUPANCY Chief Building Inspector is in force and effect. The Chief PROCEEDINGS to be dangerous to persons or property, or unsafe for the Building Inspector shall, after an application therefor has purpose for which it is intended or is being used, or in been filed by the owner or his agent, issue a Certificate of danger from fire due to defects in construction, or danger- Occupencyfor such building, if after final inspection it was ous for use because of insufficient means of egress in case found that such bui'."ing complies with the provisions of this of f' r. or because of defective plumbing,-electrica_3 or Code, the Zoning Ordinance of Miami Beach and all other re- quirements of law or ordinance applicable thereto. other mechanical installations, or which violate the provisions of this Code due to removal, decay, deter- ioratIon or the fallingoff of any appliance, device or requirement originallyre uired b this Code, or twhicupi$�ti pq con, Lh� lot io lots c well build-the 9 q t use to which evt(3ry� ton, a'Ub-division or accessory which has become damaged by the elements or fire to an ing, detached or of rwise, is to be put and the maximum al- extent of fifty (50) percent of its value,..may be con- lovable floor loads for each floor thereof. demned by the Chief Building Inspector. r .03 A temporary Certificate of Occupancy may be issued by .02 In any of the aforesaid cases the Chief Building • the Chief Building Inspector for the temporary use of Inspector shall serve notice in writing to the a portion of a building, prior to the completion of the owner, reputed owner or person in charge of such building. entire building. or premises, setting forth what must be done in conformance with the Code to make such building safe. The person .04 It shallbe unlawful for any public service corporation receiving such notice shall conwnence within forty-eight or the Division of Water Supply to begin service to a (48) hours thereafter to make the changes, repairs or building, except temporary service for use during building alterations set out in such notice and diligently proceed, operations and for testing purpose, until a Certificate of with such work, or demolish the building. No such build- Occupancy has been issued and posted on the premises. ing shall be occupied or used for any purpose after the • Chief Building Inspector serves written notice'of its . .05 Prior to the issuance of Annual Occupational Licences, unsafe or dangerous condition until the instructions of each building subject tosuch licenses shall be insi.+c• the Chief Building Inspector have been complied with • ted Per compliance with the Certificate of Occupancy, and to and the work approved by him. such Occupational Licenses shaJ.l be issued unless such build- , ing shall be fourth to be in conformity therewith, or if such , .03 If at the expiration of the time a5 set forth in r building shall have been rlteree, until r. new Certificate of the first notice, the instruction% as stated, have Occupancy shall have been issued for such changed occupancy. not been aanplied with, a second notice shell be served per- ! • . •. sonally upon the owner, his agent, or the person in puseession,charge or control of such building or structure 02.06 .01 The use or occupancy of any building shall not be or part thereof, stating therein such precautionary 1ANGE OF changed until a Certificate of Occupancy permitting the ', measures as may be necessary or advisable to place such :CUPANCY new use or occupancy has been issued by the Chief Building 'building or structure or part thereof in a safe condition. Inspector, when the new use or occupancy is such as to re- Should the necessary changes not be made within thirty quire alterations or repairs of the building, as specified in (30) days after service of the second notice, the City this Code. No such Certificate of Occuparcy shall be issued M Council may order the owner or agent of the building except incompliance with the requirements of Section 1.02.04. prosecuted as a violator of the provisions of,'tbis Code and/or may order the Chief Building Inspector'to proceed .02 Whenever the Chief Building Inspector shall find that with the work specified in such notice. A statement of any building or other structure has been altered, the cost of such work shall be transmitted to the City changed, or modified from the condition in which it was at Council who shall cause the same to be paid ae(d levied the tine the Certificate of Occupancy was isssued, and that as a lien against the property. the changes are of such a nature as to place the building in violation of any of the provisions of this Code the Chief' .04 Proper service of either such notices shall be Building Inspector shall send to the owner, or if such owner personal service upon the owner of record, if he canotbefouN, to his agent, e. written notice of such facts, shall be within the City of Miami Beach. If he is not and shall direct him to make such changes as shall be nece- in the City of Miami Beach, such service may be had upon ssary to comply with the provisions of this Code, except any person accustomed to collect rent on the property that in the case of buildings existing at the time this Code in question, who may be in the City of Miami Beach and becomes effective the maximrt'm requirements shall not be in the absence of such person, upon the tenant of the ?rester than the requirements in force immediately prior premises. In the event such premises are vacant add thereto. Should the owner or his agent fall to comply with the owner is not in the City of Miami Beach, such service such notice within thirty (30) days thereafter, the Chief will be completed when the notice is sent by•eegistered Building Inspector shall revoke the Certificate of Occupancy tail to the last known address of the said owner. Wnen- and shall not renew the same until the necessary changes ever the owner, agent or tenant is a corporation, ser- have been ;:Wade. The revoking of a Certificate of Occupancy vice may be upon the President, Vice-president or Trees- shall have the effect of nullifying any occupational license • urer. or in the absence of any of these, the local issued in connection with such building, or the affeeted represen.tatives of such corporation. part of such building. • 1.03.00 .0I In order tel determine the suitability of alternate BOARD OF matgrials• and types of construction, to provide' RULES AND for reasonhble interpretation of the provisions of this ' APPEALS Code, and to assist in the control of the construction . of buildings and/or structures in the City of Miami Beach, there Shall be a Board of Rules and Appeals con- sisting of the Chief Building Inspector,•who shall be. . , ex-officio secretary, and five other members who are 1.03.05 1.03.03 .02 Each Examining Board shall individually keep qualified by training and experience to pass on matters written minutes, in which shall be recorded pertaining to building construction. One such other a complete description of every examination conducted, member shall be a registered practicing architect, one including the names of the examiners in attendance; the a registered practicing structural engineer, one a com- names of each applicant together with :he action of the patent licensed general contractor, one a master plumber Board in respect thereto; whenever pra:ticable, a copy i and one a master electrician, each of whom shall have of the examination; and such other information as may had at least ten (10) years of continuous, responsible be desirable to fully indicate the functioning of the experience in his respective field, and an established Board. Examination papers shall be made available to business in the City of Miami Beach. The Chief Building the Board of Rules and Appeals upon request, and ill Inspector shall hold office during his incumbency as such papers shall be retained for at least three (3) such, and other members of the Board of Rules and Appeals years, nor shall they be destroyed thereafter without shall be appointed by the City Manager, by and with the the approval of the Board of Rules eel Appeals. consent of the City Council for over-lapping terms of five (5) years, and shall be subject to removal by the .02 Builders: For the purpose of examining General City Council on charges of misconduct and after an oppor- Contractors and Building huperviacrs :)unity is given for a public hearing. there shall be appointed by the City Manager, by and with the consent of the City Council, an Examining Board .02 The Board shall adopt rules and regulations for consisting of the Chief Building Inspector, es ex-off_cio conducting its meetings and investigations, and secretary, and in addition thereto, one registered prac- and shall keep written minutes. Regular meetings shall tieing architect, one registered practicing structural be held monthly, and special meetings in addition thereto engineer and one competent licensed general contractor shall be held whenever the Chief Building Inspector shall each of whom shall have had at least ten (10) years. of. eoneicer such special meetings necessary and shall so responsible experience in his respective field, and an, request Members, other than the Chief Building Inspee.- established place of business in the City of )iarni Beach. tor. shall receive as compensation for each meeting The Chief Building Inspector shall hold office during. actended, the sum of five (5) dollars, provided that his incunbency as such, and the other members shall be • such compensation shall not be paid to any member in appointed for over-lapping terms of three (3) years, . excess of twenty (20) dollars in any month. subject to removal by the City Council on charges of ' mis-conduct and after an opportunity for a public hear .03 The Board of Rules and Appeals may interpret the ing. examinations shall be written, and shall be con-' the provisions of the Code to cover a special ducted with clue regard to the respsnsi`.ilitiea attaching case if it appears that the provisions of the Code do to the classification for which examination is taken. not definitely cover the point raised. or chat the in- tent of the Code is not clear, or that ambiguity exists .03 Plumbers: For the purpose of determining the in the wording. competency of ?ltan'ers, there shall be appointed by the City Manager, by tad with the son- .04 Decisions and findings in cases of appeal shall sent cf the City Council, an Examining Board consisting be submitted to the appellant in writing. Appeals of the Chief Building Inspector, as ex-efficio secretary, for the use of alternate materials and types of con- . the public Health Officer, and in addition thereto, one se uction, if determined to be in conformance with the master rlumber and one journeyman plumber, each of whon intent of this Code, may be granted by unanimous approval shall have had at least ten (10) years of plumbing ex- of the Board. The use of alternate materials or types • nerience and an established place of business, or bcsin- of construction not clearly contemplated.by the Code ess connection, in the City of Miami Beach. The Chief may nut be granted by the Board of Rules and Appeals, Buildine Inspector and the Public Health Officer shall but the Board, if favorable to such use, may recommend hold office during their incumbencies as such, and the to the City Council, an amendment to this Code to make other members shall be appointed for aver-lapping terms such use lawful. Appeals, other than for the use of of three (3) years, subject to removal by the City Coun- alternate materials or types of construction, as pro- cil on charges of mis-conduct, ant after an opportunity vided above, and other decisions shall be by majority has been given for a public hearing. examinations shall vote of the Board. be written, and shall be conducted with dire regari to responsibilities involved in the work to he performed. .05 The Board of Rules and Appeals, upon direction of the City Council, the City Manager, or upon .04 Electricians: For the r-.trpoee of determining its own initiative, shall conduct investigations into the competency of Electricians, the enforcement of this Code, and shall have the power there shall be^appointed by the Cite Manager, by and to suspend or revoke any licenses or permits issued with the consent of the City Council, en Examining Board thereunder after a public hearing at which interested consisting of the Chief Building Inspector, as ex-ofeicio pe,•nons may appear and be heard, and evidence indicates secretary, and in addition thereto, two master electri- that the best interests of the public are served by such clans and one journeyman electrician, each of whom shall action. have had at least tea (10) years of electrical experi- • ence, and an established place of business, or bus_nese .00 The Board shall recommend to the City Council, connection, in the City of Miami Beach. The Chief 9vild- ordinances prescribing the fees for examinations - ing inspector shall hold office during his incumbency permits, clean-up bonds. inspections of boilers and as such, and the other members shall be appointer' for elevators, the testing of materials, and all other such over-lapping terra of three (3) years, subject to removal work required by the Building Code. It shall also be tie. duty of the Board of Rules argil Appeals to report by the City Council on charges of mis-conduct and after annually to the City Council on-Erm operation of this an opportunity has been given far-a public hearing. Code with respect to its enforcement- its effect un gam Examinations shall be written, and OW be conducted eral building trends, the effect on building costs. and with due r ggaa,rrd to the responsibil. s •involved in other results, and to rec rosa and any desirable amendments she work t b&sperformed- "" or rep is ions. .05 Others: In case the Board of Rules and Appeals . shall decide that examinations should 1.03 04 .01 The provisions of this Code are not intended to be conducted for persons engaged on other phases of eateRNATE prevent the use of types of construction or mat building construction, operation or uaintenance work, MATERiAIS er•ials offered as an alternate for the types of core the Board of Rules and Appeals may function as an Exam- AND TYPES str•uctionn ur materials required by this Code. but such inaltion Board for such other work, or may recommend to OF CON alternate types of construction or materials,, to be the City Council, the appointment of additional Examin- SIROCTION given consider•atiun shall be offered fur approval as ing Boards. specified in this Chapter .02 Corresponding materials or types of construction 1.03.0G .01 It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corp- refereed to in this Code, the use of which is the VIOLATIONS oration to erect, et:evert construct, enlarge, new same as is intended for the n material or construction AND alter, repair, move, remove, demolish, equip, use, occu- anxi approved. shall be considered as standards of quality PENALTIES py or maintain any building and/or structure, or any and strength, if not specifications are provided, portion of any building and/or structure in the City of Miami Beach contrary to the provis:ons of this Code .03 Any pe.'son desiring to use typos of construction or in violation thereof, or to cause, permit or suffer ur meleri.als nut specifically mentioned in this . the saline to be done. Code shall file with the Chief Building Intspector. authen- tic proof in support of claims that may be made regarding • .02 Any person, firm or corporation violating any IR the a n'fccioney of seat types of construction and meter- the provisions of this Code shall be subject to tale; au'' request eppr•.,.al and permission for their use. the penalties prescribed in Section 3 of Ordinance No. 592 of which this Code is a part. .04 The Chief Building Inspector may approve such alternate types of construction and/or materials if it is clear that the standards of this Code are being complied with. if the evidence and proof are not suffl-- cient in the opinion of the Chief Building Inspector to justify approval or recommendation for an amendment, the applicant may refer the entire matter to the Board - of Rules and Appeals. .05 Any person whose application for a building permit for the use of an alternate material or type of construction has been refused by the Chief Building In- . specter may appeal to the Beard of Rules and Appeaes • by serving written nutice on the Chief Building Inspector in which it shalt be stated that the applicant. desiring to use the alternate materials or types of construction shall guarantee payment of all expenses 'or necessary tests.made or ordered by the Board of Rules and Appeals, Such notice shall at once be transmitted.to the Board, which Board shall arrange for a hearing on the pa?ti cuear point raised . 1.114.05 .01 General Pr•ovisiunsc ;• G AMMO NG BOARDS .os Regular examinations for General Contractor. Bullahng Suoeer."aors. Pluckers. EWutrisgiars nisi ppereuus en eget in such other building activities ae the Board of 'Rules and Appeals shall decide, shall be eenducced twice yearly by Eettmining Boards as pres.e c.'bed hereat'te.•. except teat the C lty Manager may urdels any lixamiainng Board to conduct such special examinations as he dee,ns necessary 'Members of Examining Boards. '. outer than the Chief Building Inspector and the Public Wealth Officer. shell be compensated at the rate of ten (Alt defines fur• each day. or part thereof'. they aril- • cOpate in c.nductinngg such examinations. provided that s that such compensation shall not be paid to ady member in eeccss of fifty (50) dollars par year, '•• • ____J f I l' i •2.04.01 .03 An outer court is a court,, at least'pas (1) e'idej`544:: of which is.open to a yard,,AlleyCR street. ai .2C DINING ROOM: rany oom tuilding or thereof, or • or part thereof, in whichfood is PART II dispersed or served. DEFINITIONS • .27 DOSM1n1RY: shall mean a room having separate sleep- CHAPTER 4 - DEFINITIONS ins accommodations for more than four (4)• persons and used as an accessory to Group "C", "D", "G" and "H" occupancies. 2.04.01 For the purpose of this Code m certain terms, ph nd 2B DHEI3INGS: DET•INITIONS words and their derivatives shill be oetrued as set out in this Section. Other terms and notations are defined under .01 Single-family: consists of accommodations for the Chapters to which they apply. Words used in the mascu- one family only, living as a: line gender include the feminine, and the feminine the was- single house-keeping unit, together with such accessory culine. Wherever a Section, Chapter or Part is referred to accommodations as may be reasonably required for the proper in this Code, it shall be understood to refer to a Section,• operation of the premises as a single home unit. y Chapter or Part of this Code. .01 ACCESSORY BUILDING: A subordinate building, or a •02 Two-family consists of accnd distinct far two portion of the maim 'elidl (2) separate and distinct family which is located on the same t or lots, or whic : is on house-keeping units, contained entirely under one roof and Contiguous lot fronting on the same street as the lot or having dividing partitions comron to each unit or having the lots on which the main building is located, the use of which ceiling togetherwithstrucruwe of one unit the floor acstcommodations ase moay be is manifestly incidental to that of the main building. Any other' eqe forsrct thea proper operationera C the ea be building, the use of whioh is not clearly accessory and in- reasonablyh rnitred proper o� premises cidental to the main occupancy shall be considered as a sereas two home units. arate occupancy and shall conform to the provisions of this +, is a building in which three Code and the Zoning Ordinance for such occupancy. .03 Multiple-family: (3) or more apartments or ten c 02, ALLEY: Any roadway, place or public way dedicatedd to (10) or more hotel rooms are provided and shall be under- ubroastood to include hotels, apartment hotels, apartment houses p use and twenty p (20)lfeet lea to and bungalow courts; together with such accessory accornnoda- width,unlesa otherwise officially designated as a street. tires as maybe reasonably required for as proper operation For the purpose of determining allowable floor areas and/or of the premises. exit arrangements of buildings, an alley through an entire block and not less than twenty (20) feet wide may be con of- sidered as a street. 29 ELEVATOR: persons or thingsiverticallyrupwardior .03 ALTERATION: Alter or alteration means any change, downward in buildings or structures. addition or modification in construction .30 ELEVATOR SHAFT: a shaft containing a device for car- or occupancy. rying persons or things vertically .04 APART1ENf: upward or downward. O1 Apartment: is a rope or suite of rooms memo• .31 FAMILY: is any number of persons living together pied or ie suitable for occupancy oc as under one head as a single housekeeping a residence for one family and in which complete livingunit, whether related to each other legally or not; and accommodations are provided. The existence of, or the in- shall be deemed to include servants, but shall not include stallation of, sink accommodations and/or cooking facilities paying guests. .- within a room or suite of roans shall be deemed-sufficient .32 FIRE-DIVISION: a portion of a building so separated to classify such room or suite of rooms as an apartment.• from the rest by fire-walls that it as may be erected to the maximum height and area allowed for .02 Residential Type Apartment: is an apartment defined in Section the governing Occupancy and the Type of Construction, lode-' pendently 2.04.01.01, the accommodations of which are located on not pendently of adjoining Occupancies or Types of Construction more than two (2) floors, ono insrdiately above the other. . .33 FIRE ESCAPES: a single or series of steel framed balconies attached to the exterior 05 APARTIENI HOTEL: A building, usually under resident walls at windows or doors and connected to each other and to supervision, made up of three or the ground by flights or steel stairs, not less than two more apartment units, arranged with aonnnon corridors and (2) feet wide and not steeper than forty-five (45) degrees. exits and maintaining en inner lobby or foyer, through which persons pass for access to the apartments. „34 FLOOR AREA: is the gross floor area on any one (1) . .06 APARTMENT HOUR: A building made up of three or eonfloor included within exteriorulwalls Ion apartment units so arrangedthat withinexterior walls and fire walls of b lco In lam' theatres, assembly halls and similar occupancies, balconies each unit has direct access, without common corridors,to gallerie and stages shall be considerd as adding to the a means of egress from the building, and which may or may floor area. Mezzanine floors which are not enclosed as not maintain an inner lobby for its tenants. `.--..4I .07 APPROVED: as to materials and types of construction rp to approval by the Chief Building uus or had/or the and of Rules and Appeals as the re- •u investigation and tests conducted, or by reason of built for the support, shelter and enclosure of persons, accepted principles or tests by national authorities, tech- • animals, chattels, or movable or stationary property of any ni.;al or scientific organizations. kind. .08 ARCADE: is an avenue or passageway, roofed over and .02 When divided by fire-walls. each portion so sep- ennclosed except at the ends and serving as a arated shall for the purpose of this Code, be conmen entrance and exit for shops, stores and similar places considered as a separate suildirg. of business located thereon. • .08 AREA: (See Section 2.04.01.34) .03 An existing building shall mean any building•al-1 ready erected or one for which a legal permity .10 AREAWAY: is an open, subsurface space, adjacent to a has been issued prior to the adoption of this Code. i • building for access to, or for ighting or .18 BUILDING INSPECTOR: the Chief Building Inerector on ventilating basements. any regularly authorized assis- .11 ATTIC: shall be taken to mean any space iediately tent. mm • under the roof rafters and above the cell'ng .19 BUILDING LINES: means the lines established by the joists of the story nearest to the roof. Zoning Ordinances of +.h City of 12 AUTOMATIC: as applied to fire doors or other opening Miami Beach, beyond which a building shall not ex•...'.nd, ex- protectors mans normally held in an open cept as specifically provided therein. position and automatically closed by a releasing device that ,20 BULKHEAD: is actuated by abnormal high temperature or by a pre-deter- minned rate of rise in temperature. .01 A structure above the roof of any building, en- closing a stairway, tank. elevator aachirsry•or, • .13 AWNING: ventilating apparatus, or such part of a shaft as extends .01 Fixed Awning: a fixed awning shall mean a per- above a roof. manent projection from and sup- .02 That portion of the exterior walls of a building ported by the exterior walls of a building for the purpose which is located immediately under show-windows. of providing shelter for openings or an area. Movable Awning: a movable awning shall mean a .21 BUNGALOW COURTS: A group of three (3) or more de- .02temovable projectionng from andtaohed, one story single-family supported by the exterior walls of a building for the purpose dwellings, arranged with common utilities and accessorise ruder a Common ownership of providing shelter for openings or an area, and which is so arranged as to roll or fold up when not in use. .22 CABANAS: shall mean bath cabins, together with only 03 Stationary Awning: a stationary awning shall such accessories as board walks, terraces, mean a temporary projec- sun decks, ebbing rooms and toilet rooms. tion from and supported by the exterior walls of a building .23 CANOPY: for the purpose of providing shelter for openings or an • area, the framework of which is rigid. .01 A canopy shall mean a temporary projection from .14 BASEMPI1l': is that level in a building, the floor of but only partially supported by the exterior which is not less than two (2) feet below walls of a building, for the purpose of providing shelter grade and the ceiling of which is not less than four feet for openings in such walls or for areas and six inches (4'-6") above grade. .02 A fixed canopy shall mean a permanent projection .15 BALCONY: from but only partially supported bv. the exter- ior walls of a building, for the purpose of providing shelter .01 A projection from the wall of a building, sup- for openings or for areas. ported by columns, pillars, brackets or corbels CELLAR: is that level in a buildingthe ceiling of and encompassed by a railing, balustrade or parapet. which Is less than four feet and six inches .02 That portion of the seating capacity of a theatre' (4.-6") above grade or assenbly room which is raised four (4) or more COURT: a court is an open space, for the purpose of feet above the level of the main floor. providing light and air or for exit purposes, .16 BAY WINDOW: is a rectangular, curbed or polygonal located on the same lot or lots as the building which it window supported on a foundation extend- serves and unobstructed fran its lowest required point to lag beyond the main walls of a building. the sky, except as provided In Chapter 33. .17 BUILDING: .01 An Sorer court is a court entirely surrounded by the building. .01 A building is any structure the use of which demands a permanent location on the ground; .02 A lot line court is a court bounded on one (1) or more sides by the building and on one (1) . side by an interior lot line. 2 2.oa.o) .04.01 walls, permanent partitions, framing, floors, roofs and all required for vertical openings under Types of Construction other permanent, stationary construction forming part of the in Part II, shall be considered as adding to the.floor area. building. The upper floors of Residential Type Apartments shall be considered as adding to the floor area of the unit, but not .02 Live: are all imposed, fixed or transient loads to the total area of that floor. other than "Dead Loads" aid shall include wind forces. .J5 FOIER: is an area or space within a building and lo- cated between a lobby or main entrance and .48 I11®Y; is an enclosed vestibule, din,ctly accessible the main floor. from the main entrance. .36 GALLERY: is that portion of the seating capacity of .49 LODGING HOUSE: is any building containing less than a theatre or assembly room, having a seat- ten (10) rooms, intended or designed irg capacity of more than ten (10) persons and located above to be used or which are used, rented or hired out, or which a balcony. are occupied for sleeping purposes by two (2. or more paying .37 GAPAGE: guests. • .50 LOT: .01 A garage is a closed building or that portion thereof in which one (1) or more motor vehicles, .01 Lot: means a portion or parcel of land, located containing gasoline, distillate or other inflammable liquid ona street or other similar public space, in its tank, is stored, repaired or kept and shall be deemed which Is or may be occupied by a building and its accessory to include all such other portions of such buildings as ere buildings and including the open spaces required under this not separated therefrom as required in Section 5.11.03. Code and the Zoning Ordinances and which portion or parcel of land is a matter of record in Dade County, Florida. .02 A mechanist garage is one in which motor vehi- • cles are repaired, rebuilt or reconstructed, or .02 Corner Lot: a lot which abutts on two (2) or where such vehicles are kept for hire or sale. more streets or otner similar pub- lic spaces at their inter-section. .03 A storage garage is one used only for the stor- age of motor vehicles or where such vehicles are .03 Interior Lot: a lot which abutts on only one kept for remuneration. space. (1) end on a street or other similar Pilic .04 A private garage is one in which no business, service or industry connected directly or ln'.i- .04 Through Lot: a lot which atctts on two (2) rectly with motor vehicles is carried on. similar lic a opposite ends on streets or other .38 GRADE: P� paces. .05 Depth of Lot: the depth of a :.ot shall be the .01 When used in connection with lumber, means a distance measured in the mean division of sawn lumber into quality classes direction of the side lines, from the mid-point of the front with respect to its physical and mechanical properties as line to the mid-point of the opposite main tear line of the derived cy the association under whose rules the lumber is lot, or in case of a three (3) sided lot, to the intersec- controlled. tion of the side lines. .02 When used in connection with the elevation of .06 Front of Lot: shall be that face designated by ground adjacent to or surrounding a building; the Zoning Ordinance, the Record it shall mean: Plats of Dade County or shall be that face abutting on a street or waterway which is perpendicular to the greatest .01 For buildings abutting on one street only,; dimension of the lot. Precedence shall be ;_given the desig- the elevation of the sidewalk at the center nating authority in the order named. of that wall which abutts on the street. .51 SeeHeE E: means a projection from a :ruilding for the .n2 For buildings abutting on more than one protection of a main ent•ance to public (1) street, the average of the elevations buildings, theatres, hotels, large department stores and of the sidewalks at the centers of all walls which abutt on similar buildings of an essentially public rxture, supported streets. entirely from above by the buildings to which they are at- tached and not less then ten (10) feet clear above the grade .03 Fur buildings which have no wall abutting of any public sidewalk below. on a street, the average level of the ildInat- ural ground adjacent to the exterior walls of the building.. composed of stone, brick, concrete, gypsum, hollow .04 All walls approximately parallel to and clay tile, concrete blocks or tile, or other similar build- not more than fifteen feat from a street ing units or materials, or a combination of these materials line are to be considered as abutting on that street. laid up unit by unit and set in mortar. For the purpose of this Code, plain monolithic concrete shall to considered as .39 GROUND FLOOR: is a floor located not more than two "Masonry". "Solid Masonry" means masonry built without (2) feet below, nor more than six (6) holler spaces. - fee lleabove "Grade". ____ i0 GC7?Sf: .53 MEZZANINE: is an intermediate flocs placed in any • story or room. When the total area of • O1 In connection with multiple-family occupancies any such mezzanine floor exceeds thirty-thane and one-third a person hiring a room for living and/or story in percent ich the mezzanine floor occurs, it shall be cony sleeping purposes. sidered in constituting an additional story. The clear or.02 In connection with single-family and two-family be noot t lessethanbelow sevena(7)zfeet.a floor castructlon shall occupancies means a person sharing single-family accommodations without profit on those accommodations. .54 NON-CONFCRMINO: shell apply to any bolding or struc- ture41 GUEST HOUSE: which does not comply with the requirements set forth in this Code, or amendments thereto. .01 As a part of multiple-family occupancies means .55 000UPANCY: as used in this Code pe•tains to and is a detached single-family dwelling occupied or the purpose for which a building is used intended to be occupied for hire. or intended to be used. Charges of "Occupancy" are not.02 As a part of a single-family and two-family oc- cupancies in- tended to include changes of tenants or proprietors. means a detached portion which provides .56 ORIEI,WINDOW: is one that projects from the main rooms and necessary appurtenances for the sleeping aocomio- line of an enclosing wall of a build- dation and/or entertainment of ..on-paying guests and their ing and is carried on brackets or corbels. servants; but not provided with means for the general and regular serving of meals. .57 OyNER: a ppeerson,firm or corporal;on (including a .42 GUEST Mee conservator authorized agent, attorney, guardian, conservator or trustee) who or which owns Dr controls pro- of the .01 In connection with multiple family occupancies least contract,or his of sle ed ale representative, assign the leeal rsue- meus a room in a building, occupied or intended reason. to be occupied for hire. .02 In connection with single-family and two-family .58 PAddTITION: no pur oserotrherethanatheaseparation ofn which ea occupancies means a room in the main or an ac- building or floor of a building into room;, closets, com- cessory building occupied or intended to be occupied by non- partnents, offices or other similar spaces. paying guests. means an enclosed.43 HEIGHT OF BUIIDINGS OR STRUCTURES: 59 PASSAGEWAY: connecting a r quuiredlexit to a street .01 Height of Building: is the vertical distance or other diirroeectlyp public when such required exit does from the "Grade" to the highest point of the coping of a flat roof or to the deck line of a mansard roof or to the average of the high- '� for the purpose of th , Code shall mean ✓� height $ any structure above the main roof of u0' est gable of a pitch or hip roof- Any bulkhead covering building used for living, clerical, professional or business less than fifteen (15) percent of the roof area need not bepurposes, or fora ose other than a lulidead . considered in determining the height of the building. lent- Pip ' " houses shall be considered in determining both the height .61 PERSON: means a natural person, his heirs, executors, and the number of stories. administrators or assigns, Ind also includes' .02 The height of a structure erected on the ground or assigns,toorrrthepagentof anyloof,thesafo a aid.or their succeasors shall be the vertical distance from grade as defined in Section 2.04.29 to the highest point thereof and .62 PORChr is a roofed over portion of a building which for roof structures shall be the vertical distance from the is open on at least one side and which is mean level of the roof to the highest point thereof.In gen- outside the main exterior walls of the t nilding. eral the height of a structure shall be its over-all height. .63 PORTE-COCifitE: is a one (1) story eorch under which • .44 HOTEL: is any building containing ten (10) or more vehicles may be dr:.von for the pur- rooms intencbd or designed to be used or pose of providing shelter for either the vehicles or persons which are used, rented or hired out to be occupied, or which and which is open, full width, front and scar in the yi 0 are occupied for sleeping p B purposes by paying guests. o tion of vehicle travel, andtopen not less than fifty (50) .45 JOISTS: Joists are secondary horizontal. supporting percent on the outer side. members in floor, ceiling or roof construe- .04 PUBLIC SPACE: for the purpose of de on termining allow- ti able floor areas and/or exit err .48 LINfF3: is a separate beam orgirderplaced over an arrange- ment of buildings, sin, Been snares as eet•''c parks, Dublin 1a beaches and other' ntlyva0Ant ground hay access to opening in a wall and which supports only a street and a w th of not less than thiety (30) feet may the wall construction above. be considered as a street. .47 LOADS: .e5 RANTERS: Rafters are secondary In:lined supporting members in roof corstruc:iorw .nu Head: in a buildinm includes the weiwht. of! 2.04.01 .04 Fire Wall: is a wall of masonry or reinforced concrete which subdivides a build- !!t�g to prevent the spread of fire, by starting at the found- ,88 REPAIR: mean the reconstruction or renewal of any ation and extending continuously thrash all stories to and part of an existing building and/or struo- above the roof, unpierced except by horizontal exits. ture for the purpose of its maintenance. The word "Repair"i OS Foundation Walls: shall mean those exterior or "Repairs" shall not apply to anychange walls between the founda-. .87 REGUTAEfl: means compulsory by certain provisions of tions and the first floor above grade, or any other walls: this Code. below the first floor above grade which are in contact with or receive lateral earth pressure. RESTAURANT. every art thereof and all out-buildings building used in connection there- .06 Interior Wall: is a wall entirely surrounded with, or any place or location, inept, used, maintained as, by the exterior walls of the advertised as, or held out to the pblic to be a place where building. I meals, lunches or sandwiches are prepared and/or served, .07 Non-bearing Wall: is a wall whichsm+nports no either gratuitously or for payload other than n'" -n weight .69 ROOF: .08 Panel Wall: is a non-bearing wall in skeletcm .01 shall be one on which ( the slope is h storytion built between columned less than one1) in twelve (12). and wholly supported at each .02 A pitched roof shall be one on which the slope .09 Parapet Wall: is that part of any wall entire- is one (1) in twelve (12) or greater. ly above the roof line. .70 ROOM: every compartment in any building, including .10 Party Wall: is a wall used or adapted for joint parlors, dining-roue, sleeping roams and por- service between two buildings. ant ches, kitchens, offices, stores, sample rooms, living roars, which if not a required fire-wall. may be used to support but not including halls, bath rooms, closets, pantries, or floor and roof loads. storage or equipment rooms. .11 Retaining Wall: is any wall used to resist .71 MATING CAPACITY: shall mean, where seats are fixed, lateral displacement of any the number of persons for whom material. seats are provided,and where seats are not fixed or provided shall be calculated on the basis of the table in Section .12 Veneered Wall: is a wall in which the veneer- 5.11.04. ing of brick, stone, concrete. or toile is provided for the purpose of ornamentation. pro- .72 SELF-CLOSING: as applied to a fire door or other tection or insulation, but which is not bonded to the back- opening protector, means normally Srg in such manner as to be counted on as adding strength to closed and equipped with an approved device which will in- the wall. sure closing after having been opened for use. .87 WATERWAY: a charnel of water not less than fifty (SO) .73 SERVANTS' QUARTERS: feet wide and navigable by small boats. For the purpose of determining allowable floor areas and/or . .01 As accessory tomultiple-family occupancies means exit arrangement of buildings, waterways shall not be con- accommodations for such nnsnber of servants and sidered as streets. other employees as are required by the main occupancy and .88 WINDERS: are any stairway steps which have variatlors which accommodations may be detached and may or may not inin the width of the treads of more than elude separate cooking facilities. • three-quarters ($) inches per one (1) foot of stair width. .02 As accessory to single-family occupancies means Winders where they are permitted shall have a minimum tread accommodations for such number of servants in di++wnsion, exclusive of nosing, conforming to the require- personal service and/or for the maintenance of the premises ments of this Code for stairways. as could reasonably be required and which accommodations may be detached, but shall not have separate cooking facilities .80 YARD: Yards mean the open spaces required adjacent except in connection with properties which have a ground to lot lines, under the Zoning Ordinance, for area of ten thousand (10,000) or more square feet. the control of the density of building; and such yards shall be unobstructed from the ground to the sky except as provi- .74 SERVICE STATION: a building where gasoline, oil and ded therein and In Chapter 33. and greases are supplied and dis • - pensed to the motor vehicle trade, also where tire, battery, .90 ZONING ORDINANCE: Wherever the "Zoning Ordinance" is washing, polishing and lubrication services are rendered and referred to in this be umlerstood to refer to the Zoning Ordinances of, the it City minor ad�ustmenta are made. of Miami Beach, together with all he amendments thereto. .75 SHAFT: means a verticalopening through a building - - - ug --- -- - --- --- - - for elevators, dumb-waiters, light, ventil- ation or similar purposes. .76 SHALT: as used in this Code is mandatory. 3.05.01 .77 SPECIFICATIONS: • Wherever the specifications of gov- . erning authorities are mentioned in; • this Code, the reference shall be to the most recent edi- PART 111 tions of the specifications so mentioned in effect at the • time of passage of this Code. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION .78 STAGE: is a raised platform in an assembly room which is cut off from the audience section CHAPTER 5 - CLASSIFICATIONS BY TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION., by a proscenium wall and where the wing space is over three (3) feet beyond the proscenium opening on one or both sides and/or where there is more than three (3) feet of open space � O0I1. .01 The requirements of Part III are the minimum require- above the proscenium opening. rents for the various types of construction. In order that a building may be classed in any specific Type of Con' .79 STAIRWAY: one or more flights of steps and the nece- struction, it is necessary that ail the requirements for that ssary landings connecting them to form a type be complied with, continuous and uninterrupted passage from one story to ano- 02 No building or portion thereof shall be required to then in a building. conform to the details of a Type of Construction .80 STCRY: means that portion of a building incried be- higher than that type which meets the minimum requirements tween the upperfronded surface of any floor and the based on Location in Fire Zones (Part IV). or Occupancy upper surface of the floor next above, except that the top- (Part V) even though certain features of such builltng actu- most story shall be that portion of a building included be- ally conform to a higher Type of Construction. tween the upper surface of the topmost floor and the ceiling .03 The various Types of Construction herein specified are baseor roofm above. If the finished(6) floorb eegrl directly, uch above a 'intended to represent varying degrees of public safety shall be c more thanedsix (t) feet above grade, such basement and resistance to fire. Where specific materials. types of shall be considered as a story. construction or fire resistive protection are required, such .81 STREET: for the purpose of this Code a street shall requirements shall be the minimum requirements and any net. be any thoraghfare or public park not less erials, types of construction or fire resistive protection than twenty (20) feet in width, which has been dedicated or which will afford equal or greater public safety or resin- deeded to the public for public use. talee to fire as specified in this Code may be used, subject to the provisions of Section 1.03.04. • .82 STRt1CTiPE: is that which is built or constructed, or any piece of work artificially built up or .04 Any system or method of construction to be used shall composed of parts joined together in sane definite 'manner, permit of a rational analysis in accordance with well the use of which requires more or less permanent location established principles of mechanics and engineering practice., on the ground, or which is attached to something having a permanent location on the ground. 3.05.02 .01 All buildings, for the purpose of this Code, shall be .83 TENT: nears any temporary shelter that is entirely CLASSIFICA classified as one of the following Types of Construe- independent of the exterior walls of a build- TION BY tion, based upon their resistance to fire; and for the ptr- lig. TYPES CP pose of this Code, Type I shall be deemed to be the most CONSTRUCTION fire-resistive and Type IV the least. fire-resistive Type of .84 THEATRE: is a building or part thereof which con- construction. tains an auditorium having a stage which maybe equipped with curtains and/or permanent stage scenery .01 Type I Fire Resistive Construction or mechanical equipment adaptable to the showing of plays, operas, performances, spectacles. and similar forms of en- .02 Type II Semi-Fire-Resistive Construction tertairment, or is such building or portion thereof contain- ing an auditorium having a platform, screen. and mechanical .03 Type III Ordinary Masonry Construction equipment adapted to the showing of motion pictures. .04 Type Ti Frame Construction .85 VALUE: of a building shall be the estimated cost to replace the building in kind. .02 When two (2) or more Types of Construction occur in the same building and are separated as required in .86 WALLS: Chapter II, each portion so separated may be classified as of the Type of Construction to which it conforms; otherwise .01 Bearing Wall.: Is a wall which supports any the whole building shall be classified as of the least fire- load other than its own weight resistive Type of Construction used and shall be subject to the restrictions imposed upon that type .02 Enclosure Wall: is an exterior, non-bearing wall in skeleton construction .03 An existing building which by its construction can not anchored to columns, piers or floors, but not necessarily be definitely classed as of Type 1 II, III or IV es built between columns or piers. ' defined in this Part shall be deemed, for the purpose of this Code, to belong to the least fire-resistive of the two .03 Faced Wall: is a wall in which masonry facing types to which it most nearly conform and backing are so bonded as to exert a common action under load. 3.vo.va 3.06.01 • • .02 Materials: Structural frame-wor: shall be of struc- tural steel as specified in Chapter 28 or CHAPTER 6 - TYPE I BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES shall be of reinforced concrete as specified in Chapter 21. (FIRE-RESITIVE) al _ 3.06.09 .01 For buildings which are eight (8, stories or ninety �INITIOW .01 Type I Buildings: There shall be A work of struoturaltsteel or of re- INNG O FIRE F structural members) feet r less in shall be as follows t the fire protection of inforced concrete and exterior walls, inner court walls, STRUCTCRAL panel walls and walls enclosing vertical openings of masonry ;utEifBFIi8 .01 All structural steel or iron members, not in- and/or reinforced concrete, and roof and floors of fire- eluding structural members for elevators or resistive construction, all as specified herein, steel stairways which are enclosed, sheet be protected with 02 TypeI Structures: Type' structures shall complynot less than three-hour fire-resistive protection for co_- ype u ns, beams and girders, and two-hour fire-resistive protee- with any special provisions of tion for floors, as specified in Chapter 02. this Code pertaining thereto anti to such requirements for Type I buildings as may be applicable. In case of doubt the .02 All steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete 'le Chief Building Inspector shall decide which provlsiors,stall columns, beans and girders shall. be -eotected apply. with not less than three-hour fire-resistive protection, air all steel reinforcement in floors, joists and slabs shell be 3.06.02 The height of Type I buildingsprotected with not less than two-hour fare-resistive protec- 3.06.0 under Erh of Occupancyshall be limited as specified tion, as specified in Chapter 32. ape in Part V and in no case shall ex- • ALLOWABLE Deed one hundred and fifty (150) feet, in which height there .02 For buildings which are more then eight (8) stories shall be not more than fourteen (14) stories. Towers, Metres or ninety (90) feet in height, the fire-proofing of and steeples,wjin not teed for habitation, storage,^ar Due!- structural members shall be as follows: ' mess, and bulkheads, not exceeding in combined area, fifteen (15) percent of-the roof area of the building, may extend .01 All structural steel or iron members, not in- above the allowed height not to exceed fifty (50) feet. eluding structural members for elevators or • steel stairways which are enclosed, stall be fire-proofed 3.06.03 The floor area of Type I buildings shall not be limited or with not less than four-hour fire-resistive protection for AREA restricted, except as specified in Section 5.16.02. columis,beams and girders, and three-'dour fire. resistive ALLOWABIE protection for floors, as specified in chapter 32. 3.08.04 .01 Soil-bearing footings and foundation walls or grade :02 All steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete FOUNDATIONS beans shall be of reinforced concrete as specified in columns, beans and girder:; shall be protectec Chapter 23 and shall be designed as specified in Sections with not less than four-hour fire-resistive protection, arc 6.21.10 and 8.22.03. all steel reinforcement in floors, jo::sts and slabs shal: be protected with no: less than three-hour fire-resistive .02 Concrete and wood piles shall cacply with the require- protection, as specified in Chapter ee. meats of Chapter 22. • .03 Certain exceptions to the fire-p^oofing requirement: of this Section are noted in Section 8.32.03. 3.06.05 .01 All exterior walls shall be of masonry and/or rein- EXTERICR forced concrete as specified in Chapters 23 and 25, AM) INNER and shall be not less than four,-hour tire-resistive con- 3.08.10 .01 Design: COURT AND struction as specified in Section 8.32.12; except that ex- FLOOR CON- ' FIRE WAILS terior walls which are perpendicularly thirty (30) feet or STRUCTION .01 The floor system shall be to designed and con- more flan an adjacent building line,or from any other build- structed as to transfer :orizontal forces t ing or portion of thre same building, and which have the nece- such parts of the structural frame as ere designed to cart: , esary structural frame, may have panel enclosures, as speci- these forces to the foundations. Pied in Section 8.32.17 to a height not exceeding fifteen (15) feet. .02 There shall be a reinforce., concrete foundatlo wall or grade beam at the ground floor level • :02 Inner court walls shall be of masonry and/or reinforced and a reinforced concrete or structure' steel spandrel bee: concrete of not less than three-hour fire-resistive at every other floor level, which menb.!•rs shall be continu construction as specified in Section 8.32.12. ous around the exterior walls of the building, and to whic shall be rigidly attached the outer ends of the adjaeerr .03 'Fire walls shall be provided so that the allowable secondary members of the floor systems. floor areas as specified under Occupancy in Part V shall not be exceeded and such walls shall comply with the .02 Materials: requirements of Chapters 23 and 25, and Sections 3.11.00 and 8.32.12. .01 Floors and all parts thereof. of Type I build legs which are eight (8) su,ories or ninety (90 .04 No walls shall have a thickness less than is required feet, or less in height shall be of nrt less than two-hou to support the loads thereon within the allowable fire-resistive construction, as speci£+..d in Chapter 32, ar ' stresses as specified in Sections 0.23.10 and 8.25.12 • shall be constructed of the following .mterials or suitab] combinations thereof: -Y• .05 Chasing or recessing of ecesonry walla shall be limited e to that permitted in Section 6.25.26. '3.08.06 .01 Interior Bearing Walls: Interior Yieareng walls shall .01 Reinforced concrete as specified in INTERIOR comply with the requirements Chapter 23. :DARING of Section 8.32.13 for three-hour rating; provided that such • WILLIS AND n:il.ds shall alsomeet the requirements of Chapter 23 and/o r .02 Gypsum concrete es specified in Chapter 24. PARTITIONS 25• .03 Structural steel as specified inChapter 26. .02 Partitions: Partitions shall comply with the require- ments of Section 8.32.14 for two-hour .04 Steel joists as specifl:d in Chapter 26. rating; provided that such partitions shall also meet the requirements of Chapter 23 and/or 26. .05 Sheet metal deck systems as specified in Chapter 26. .03 Exception: Partitions dividing portions of stores, offices or similar places occupied by .02 Floors and all parts thereof, of Type I buildings one tenant only, may be constructed of wood panel,or simi- which are more than eight (8) :dories or ninety lar light construction, up to three-quarters (a) the height (90) feet in height shall be of not less than three-hour of the room in which placed; when more than three-quarters fire-resistive construction. as specified In Chapter 32', end (L) the height of the room, such partitions shall have not shall be constructed of the following materials or suitable less than the upper one-fourth (e) of the partition con- . catbinations thereof: structed of glass set in sash. .01 Reinforced concrete as specified in Chap- ter 23. 3 06.07 .01 F closure of smoke-proof towers shall be as specified ENCLOSURE in Chapter 28. .02 Gypsum concrete as specified in Chapter 24. OF VERTICAL 'OPENINGS .02 Enclosures for stairways, elevators and other vertical .03 Structural steel as specified in Chapter 26. • openings which exceed eight (8) square feet in cross- ' sectional area shall not he lees than three-hour fire-resis- .0e Steel joists and sheet metal deck systems shall tive construction cud all openings therein shell be protec- not be permitted for floor construction in Type ted with fire-resistive doors and/or windows as specified in I buildings which exceed eight (8) stories or ninety (90) Chapter :12. feet. .03 Vertical openings or shafts which are eight (8) square .03 Floor Finishes: Floor finishes may be of tile, ter- feet or less in cross-sectional area shall be con- razzo, wood, ply-incod, pressed wood, structed of incombustible materials. Sheet metal used for linoleum, asphalt tile and other similar raterials. Where such shafts shall not be less than twenty-four (24) gauge wood sleepers are used for laying floors the space between and shall have lock joints or riveted seams and joints. the floor slab and the under side of the finish floor shall Openings into such shafts shall be protected by doors of be filled with incombustible materials in such manner that incombustible materials or windows of wire glass. there will be no open spaces under the flooring which exceed one hundred (100) square feet in area, and such space shall .04 A parapet wall or handrails at least thirty (30) inches be solidly filled under all partitions so chat there are no high above the ronf shall be provided around all open communications under the finish flooring between adjoining shaft enclosures extending through the roof. roods or sub-divisions of the building, 3.06.08 .01 Design: 3:06.11 .01 Design: STRUCTURAL ROOF CON 'ERAlE W(AK .01 The structural franc shall be considered as the STRUCTION .01 The roof shall be so designed and constructed as columns and all girders, beams, trusses or to transfer horizontal forces to such parts of spardrels having rigid connections to the columus,or trans- the structural frame as are designed to carry these forces mitting main loads to the columns by means of girders. The to the foundations. Any drainage fill placed on a.roof small members of the floor and roof panels which have no connec- be considered as a part of the dead load in designing the tion to the columns shall be considered secondary members. roof framing. The structural trams and secondary members shall be designed and constructed to carry all dead, live and other loads to .02 There shall be a reinforced concrete or struc- which they may be subjected, both during erettion and after tural steel spandrel beam at the roof level, completion of the structure. Unless otherwise provided for which shall be continuous around the exterior walls of the in the structural frame, the floor and roof panel construe- building, and to which shall be rigidly attached the outer tion shall be designed and constructed to carry horizontal ends of the adjacent secondary members of the roof system. forces to such parts of the structural frame as are designed to carry the horizontal forces to the foundation. .02 Materials: .02 The entire structural frame and each member .01 Roofs and all parts thereof of Type I buildings which is a part of such frame shall be so de- which are eight (8) stories or ninety (90) feet signed and constructed that the stresses may be satisfactor- or less in height shall be of not less then two-hour fire- ily determiredbya rational analysis in accordance with well resistive construction,as specified in Chapter 32, and shall established principles of mechanics and sound engineering be constructed of the following materials or suitable cam- e practice. binations thereof: -- - - - - • II t 3.06.11 3.06,15 .01 Reinforced concrete as specified inChapter 3 0615 .01 Pent-houses, bulkheads and other similar structures, 23. ROOF.PLC- having a floor area of more than fifteen (15) square T1JE AND feet shall have the exterior walls and interior construction . .02 Gypsum concrete as specified in Chapter 24. SKYLIGHTS as specified for Type I Buildings in this Chapter. When the grass floor area exceeds one hundred (100) square feet, its .03 Structural steel s speoitied inChapter 26e supporting frame shall extend directly to the ground. 04 Steel joists as specified in Chapter 26., .02 Towers or spires which extend above the roof, when enclosed, shall have exterior walls as required in • 05 Sheet metal deck systems as specified in Section 3.06.05e Such towers or spires, when not enclosed, Chapter 26. shall have a framework of structural steel or iron, or re- inforced concrete. When the gross area of any tower or 02 Roofs an all parts thereof of Type I buildings spire exceeds one hundred (100) square feet at any horizon- . which are more than eight (8) stories or ninety tal cross-section its supporting Crane shall extend directly (90) feet in height shall be of'not less then three-hour to the groumri. fire-resistive construction,as specified in Chapter 32, and f shall be constructed of the following materials or suitable .03 Wireless masts and antennae, Too signs and other combinations thereof: similar structures shall be of incombustible eeterials throughout. They shall be not less than six (G) tee clear 01 Reinforced concrete as specified in Chap above the roof at all points, and when more than twenty-five ter 23. (25) feet in height, shall he supported directly to the around. They shad be designed to withstand a wind 4 .02 Gypsum concrete as specified inChapter 21. any direction as specified in Section 6.21.06 in addition to any other loads. .03 Structural steel as specified inChapter 26. .04 Storage tanks, having a dapaeity of over five hundred .03 Steel joists and sheet petal deck systems shall (500) gallons, shall not be located over stairways or not be permitted for the roof construction of elevators except where there is a reinforced concrete slab buildings which exceed eight (8)stories or ninety (90) feet, floor, properly designed under such tanks. except for the roofs of minor roof structures when no part of the roof of such structure is closer than thirty (30) feet .05 Minor roof structures, fifteen (15) square feet or to an adjacent building line many portion of the same build- less, which house ventilating shafts or similar open- ing which extends above such roof. This exception shall not inns shall be constructed of incombustible materials of not apply to the roofs of elevator and stairway bulkheads, or else- less than two-hour fire-resistance. where when definite provisions have been otherwise made in this Code. .06 Skylights shall be constructed of substantial in- combustible materials. Wire glass shall be used. .03 Roof Covering: Roof covering shall be fire-retardant as specified in Chapter 32. 3.06.16 Combustible materials shall be permitted in the following 04 Roof Drainage: COMIRS D3IE places, except when otherwise specifically prohibited. MATFRIAIS .01 Roofs shall be sloped to drain to low points REGUTATID .01 Mezzanine floors may be e specified for floors under from which conductors shall be provided to lead Type II building, provided that there shall be not away and satisfactorily dispose of rain water. Alegre shall more than two (2) such mezzanines in any room of any build- be provided to prevent rain water from any part of a build- ing and provided further that no such mezzanine floor or ing except window sills, copings, cornices and awnings dis- floors shall cover more than one-third (1/3) of the floor • charging off the outer edge, from falling or flowing upon a • area of the room or space in which they are located. public sidewalk, street or alley. .02 Show window bulkheads shall be of incombustible mater- ials, but show cases and other movable appurtenances ad or into the ground adjacent to soil bearing of stores or other buildings may be of wad or unprotected foundations, nor shall they discharge either directly or in- directly steel or iron. directly onto adjoining property or across public sidewalks. Trim,.03 picture molds, furniture and permanent seats, 'Wherever practicable, conductors shellbe corrected together, chairerails, wainscotting, base-boards, hand rails, ard the water tberefromledunnder the sidewalk and discharged into the gutter of a graded street. Rain water shall not be show-window backing, temporary partitions as provided in discharged into sanitary sewers, nor shall it be discharged Section 3.06.06.03, floor finishes and sleepers, and wall into alleys when street gutters are available. and ceiling finishes may be of combustible materials. In- terior and exterior wood doors or windows and frames may be 03 This section shall not be construed to prevent used except in stair, elevator or other shaft enclosures or the construction of a spray pond on a roof, where specifically prohibited. or the use of a roof to contain water for industrial or other approved purposes, provided that it is not allowed to become stagnant. .05-. Exceptions: Except in Fire Zone Number One, wood 3.07.01 __e -__.:i___, rafters and sheeting may be used to support a pitch roof, where such roof is protected on the under side by roof construction of materials as provided in Section 3.06.11.02; provided, however, that such roof CHAPTER 7 - TYPE II BUILDjIOS�OR STRUCTURES rafters and sheeting shall be covered with a fire retardant SEMI-FIRE. SIy IV CONSTRUCT ION. roofing and clay or cement tile. The ends of all such raft- ers shall be protected by a cornice of incombustible mater- ials, and no such rafters shall project past the outer line 3.07.01 .01 Type II Buildings: There shall be a structural frame- of the exterior walls. DEFINITION work of structural steel or of re- inforced concrete, and exterior walls, inner court wells, 3 06.12 .01 Design: All stairs shall be designed and constructed panel walls and walls erclosl vertical openings of mason STAIRS as specified in Chapter 28 and under Occu- ry and/or reinforced concrete. Partition studding, floor panty in Part V. joists and sheeting, ceiling joists and roof rafters and sheathing may be of wood, fire-protected as provided herein. .02 Materials: .02 Type II Structures: Type II structures shall comply .01 Stairs and stair platforms shall be constructed with any special provisions of of reinforced concrete, iron or steel with this Code pertaining thereto and to such requirements for treads end risers of concrete, ironer steel. Brick, marb:e, Type II Buildings as may be applicable. In case of doubt, tile or other hard incombustible materials may be used for the Chief Building Inspector shall decide which provisions the finish of such treads arerisers. shall apply. .02 Unprotected steel or iron stairways may be used 3.07.02 The height of Type II buildings or structures shall be 11- only when ennr.losed as specified in Section 3.06. HEIGHT mited, as specified under Groups of Occupancy in Part V, and 07 and provided that no structural part of such steel or ALLOWABIE in no case shall exceed forty (40) feet, in which height iron stairway shall have a thickness less than one-fourth (i) inch. there shall be not more than three (3) stories. Towers, • spires and steeples, when not used for habitation, storage or business, and bulkheads, not exceeding In combined area 3.06.13 .01 Doors, windows and other openings in exterior walls, fifteen (15) percent of the roof area of the building, may DOORS AND fire walls and enclosure walls shall be protected extend above the allowed height not to exceed twenty (20) WINDOWS where and as required under Occupancy in Part V and in Chap- feet. tern 28 and 32. • .02 Openings in exterior walls shall conform in extent with ' 3.07.03 The floor area of Type II buildings shall be limited accord- the requirements of Section 6.2R.26 anti Section 8.32.17; AREA ing to Occupancy as specified in Part V, unless such build- except as such openings may be entirely prohibited under AIIDWI±) ing shall be divided by fire walls into fire areas which do Occupancy in Part V. not exceed the maximums specified. .03 Coors and windows shall not project over public 3.07.04 .01 Soil-bearing footings and foundation walls or grade property or restricted areas except as provided in FOUADA- beans shall be of reinforced concrete as specified Chapter 31. T10NS Chapter 23 and shall be designed as specified in Section, 6.21.10 and 6.22.03. 3.06.14 Projections from the building, shall conform with the provi- •110J .02 Concreteand wood piles shall comply with the require- ECTIONS sions of this Section, Section 6.25.27 and Chapter 31. ments Chapter 22. FROM TI4of AUIIDING .01 Bays, oriels and similar projections shall be constructed of incombustible materials with 3.07.05 .01 Exterior walls, and inner court walls of TypeI walls, floors are! roofs es specified in this Chapter. I Build- EX7hTlIOR ings shall be of masonry and/or reinforced concrete, .02 Porches and exterior balconies and the roofs AND INNER as specified in Chapters 23 and 25 and shall be not'less ' thereof shall be constructed of incombustible COURT AAD than three-hour fire-resistive construction, as specified in materials, but structural steel or iron members need not be FIRE WAllS Section 8.32.12; except that exterior walls which are per- fire-proofed. pendicularly thirty (30) feet or more from an adjacent build- , ing or portion of the same building and which have the neee- .03 Cornices, marquees and similar appendages which ssary structural frame, may have panel enclosures, as erect- ere apart of a Typefled in Section 8.32.17 to a height not exceedingfifteen tst I building shall be cony- (Le) feet. strutted of substantial inc arbustlble'materials and in com- pliance with the provisions of Chapter 31. .02 l�cterior and inner court walls of Type II Bunildtrngs .04 Loading platforms for warehouses, freight depots shall be provided with parapet wall not less then and similar buildings maybe of heavy timhner con- thirty (30) inches above the roof at. ell points, provided struction with wood floors not less than one and five eighths that where buildings abutt on a street or alley or where (1-5/s) inches thick. Such wood construction shall not be walls are not closer than ten (10) feet to an adjacent carried through the exterior walls of any Type I building. building line of a contiguous lot, or closer than ten (1U) feet to another'building on the sans lot, parapet walls shall be not less than twenty-four (24) inches above the roof at all points. 3 07.05 3.07.10 .03 Fire walls shall be provided so that the allowable floor areas for Type II Buildings as specified under Occupancy in Part V shall not be exceeded. and such walls rigidly attached the outer ends of the ac`.jacent members of shall comply with the requirements of Chapters 23 and 25, -:ie floor system. and Sections 5.11.06 and 8.32.12. Required fire walls shall not be used to support any combustible floor; or roof con- .03 A11 wood or steel members sup.portlrg the first struction. floor shall have a minimum cle trance of eighteen (18) inches between the bottom of the 'venter and the ground .04 No walls shall have a thickness less than is required underneath. Any such space shall be vented through the to support the loads thereon within the allowable exterior walls with a s•.ztficie-rt number and arrangement of stresses,as specified in Section 6.23.10 and Suction 6.25.12. openings to insure ample ventilation; such openings to be covered with not less than one-half (*) inch galvanized .05 Chasing and recessing of masonry walls shall be limit- wire mesh. In general, ventilating openings shall be pro- ed to that permitted in Section 6.25.26. vided on the basis of two (2) square fee for each twenty- five (25) linear feet of exterior wall except that no such openings shall be compulsory in the trans of buildings. 3.07 06 .01 Interior Bearing Walls: Interior bearing walls shall Where such space is inaccessible for st•)rage, or for any INfERICR comply with the requirements other purpose, and is ^loser than three (3) feet to the BEARIN'i of Section 8.32.13 for two-hour rating; provided that such grourxi, the fire protection of the first Cloor beans, gird- WALLS AII) walls shall also meet the requirements of Chapters 23, 25 ers, joists, etc., nay to omitted. PARTITISNS and/or 26. .02 Materials: Floors and all parts thereof of Type II .02 Partitions: Partitions shall comply with the re- buildings shall be of not less than one quirements of Section 8.32.14 for one- hour fine-resistive construction as specified in Chapter 32, hour rating; provided that such partitions shall also meet and shall be constructed of the following :nateriais or suit- the requirements of Chapters 23, 26 and/or 27, able cambiratiors thereof: .03 Exception: Partitions dividing portions of stores, .01 Reinforced concrete as specif..ed in Chapter 23. offices or similar spaces occupied by one tenant only, nay be constructed of wood panel or similar .02 Gypsum concrete as specified In Chapter 24. light construction up to three-fourths (Q) the height of the room in which placed; when more than three-fourths the height .03 Structural steel as specified 1n Chapter 26. • of the room, such partitions shall have not less than the up- per one-fourth (:}) of the partition constructed of glass Set .04 Steel joists as specified in u;hapter 26. . in sash. .03 Sheet metal deck systems as specified in Chap- 3 07.07 .01 Enclosure of smoke-proof towers shall be as specified ter 28. ENCIA8I11E in Chapter 28. .06 Wood as specified in Chapter 27, except that OF VERTICAL wood joists shall not be usel for spans which OPENINGS .02 Enclosures for elevators, stairways and other vertical exceed sixteen (16) feet, clear. openings which exceed fifteen(15)square feet in cross, sectional area shall not be less than two-hour fire-resistive .03 Floor finishes: Floor finishes may be of tile, construction and all openings therein shall be protected with . terrazzo, wood, sly-wood, pressed fire.resistive doors and/or windows as specified in Chapter 32. wood, linoleum, asphalt tile and other similar materials; except that wood joists shall not be used to support con- .03 Vertical openings or shafts which are fifteen (15) or crete and tile or terrazzo floor surfaces other than for less square feet in cross-sectional area shall be of bathrooms and similar spaces, having an area not exceeding not less than one-hour fire.resistive construction, provided one-hundred (100) square feet, and such floor surfaces shall that such openings or shafts which are eight (8) or less not exceed a total thickness of three Cl) .inches. square feet in cross-sectional area may be riot less than twenty-four (24) guage sheet metal, unprotected, but with 3.07.]1 .01 General:lock joints or riveted seams arvi joints. Such metal shafts ROOF CON shall be kept at least three (3) inches clear of any cons STRCCTION .01 The interior supports for roof construction bustible materials or shall be protected by not less than pP three a hths(3/8) inch of approved plaster-board or one- shall be a structural reinforced concrete or fourth ( ) inch of asbestos and such shafts shall be fire steel frame or members protected as specified in Section stopped around the outside at, each floor and/or ceiling 3.07.09, or may be bearing walls as specified in Section through which they pass with incombustible materials properly 3.07.06. supported. All doors, into shafts which are fifteen (15) •square feet or less in cross•sectional area, shall be of .02 The outer ends of all steel, concrete or wood metal or metal clad, or may be wood protected on the shaft beans, joists, rafters, purlios and/or rirders side with not less than one-fourth (*) inch of asbestos shall be supported from a reinforced concrete or structural metal bound, and all windows into such shafts shall be of steel spandrel beam which shall be continuous around the wire lass. exterior walls of the building, and wood roof members shall g be anchored thereto as provided in Chaste• 27. .04 A parapet or handrail nut less than thirty (30) inches high above the roof shall be provided around all open .02 Materials: Roofs of'Type II buildings shall be not shaft jpcicsures which extend through the.r_ouf, _ less than one-hour fire resistive con- struction; except that the roofs of encice,ed stairways and ~• .3 tYTWftML 03 Des ign elevator shafts shall be two-how fire-re,;iative construe FRAItA)!CIIK .01 The structural frame shall be considered as the tion as specified in Chapter 32, and the material there° columns, spandrels and girders and all beans shall be as follows or suitable combinations of such slater� having rigid connections to such columns, spandrels and Jab. • girders. The structural frame shall be designed and con- structed to carry all dead, live and other lead9 to which it • .01 Reinforced concrete as specified in Chapter 23 may be subjected both during erection and after completion of the structure. The members and commotiors of the strut- .02 Gypsum concrete as spec ifies in Chapter 24. tural frame shall be designed and constructed to carry the horizontal forces to the foundations. .03 Structural steel as specified in Chapter 28. .02 The entire structural frame, and each member .04 Steel joists as specified in Chapter 20. which is part of such frame, shall be so 4e:.Ign- ed aril constructed that the stresses may be satisfactorily .05 Sheet metal deck oysters• as specified in Chapter • determined by a rational analysis in accordance with well 26. established principles of mechanics and sound engineering practice. .06 Woad joists as specified in C:napter 27; except that wood joists shall not be wed nor spans .02 Materials: Structural framework shall be of's),-uc- which exceed sixteen (16) feet, clear. tural steel or iron as specified in Chap-, ter 26, or shall be of reinforced concrete as specified In •03 Roof Covering: Roof covering shall be fire-retardant Chapter 23. as specified in Chapter 32. 3.07.09 .01 &trilateral Steel or Iron: .04 Root Drainage: Roof drainage shall be in conformance FIRE-PRO('- I 'e with the provisions of Section 3. ISO (F .01 Exterior: All exterior structural steel col- 06.11.04. F, STRI.TIIIAL u.mss, beans, girders or other struc• '+ tEI18E31S tural steel or iron members, or such members which support .05 Attic Spaces: Attic spaces shall not be compulsory, main exterior walls or nettbers. shall be protected with not but where there is ary such space pro- less than three-hour fire-resistive protection as specified video- in connection with roof* having a pitch of lees than in Chapter 32. two (2) in twelve (12), it shall have a minimum vertical dimension of eighteen (18) !nches. Scuttles not lees than .02 Interior: All. interior structural steel or . two (2) feet square shall be provided to all attic spaces iron members, not lncluxllr�getrtra and an adequate system of ventilatingop,nings shall be tural members for elevators or steel stairways which are installed. enclosed as specified in Section 3.07.07, shall be protected • with not less than one-hour fire-resistive protection as specified in Chapter 32. 3.07.12 .01 Design All stairs shall be designed and constructed STAIRS as speolled in Chapter 28 and as specified • .02 Reinforced Concrete: under Occupancy in Part V. .01 Exterior: The reinforcement in exterior re- .02 Materials: , inforced concrete members, or mem- bers which support main exterior walls or withers, shall be .01 Stairs and stair platforms shall be constructed protected with not less than three-hoe fire-resistive pro- of reinforced treads and risers of concrete ironer steel.an orr steel, ileeh tection as specified in Chapter 32. tile or other hard inoombsstible material!: nay be Brick,used for .02 Interior: The reinforcement in interior re- the finish of such treads and risers. inforced concrete :ambers shall be protected with not less than one-hour fire-resistive pro- 02 Unprotected steel or iron stairways may be used ' tection as specified in Chapter 32. only when enclosed as spec:.fied in Section 3.07.0?, and provided that no structural pert of such steel or iron stairway shall have a thickness less then one-fourth 3.07.10 .01 General: (1) inch. FLO(R CONSTRUCTION .01 The interior supports for floor construction shall be a structural reinforced concrete or 3.07.12 .01 Doors, windows anal other openings in exterior walls, steel frame, or members protected as specified in Section DO AND fire walls and enclosure walls shall be protected CAS 3.07.09, or may be bearing wall as specified in Section WINQIS where and as required under Occupancy In Part V and in 3.07.06• Chapters 28 and 32. .02 There shall be a reinforced concrete foundation • .02 Openings in exterior walls shall conform, in extent, wall or grade beam at the ground floor level and with the requirements of Section 6.25.26 and Section a reinforced concrete or structural steel spandrel beam at 8.32.17; except as such openings say be entirely prohibited every other floor level, which shall be continuous around under Occupancy in Part V. the exterior walls of the building and to which shalt be, ' .03 Doors and windows shall not project over public pro- perty or restricted areas except as 3rovided in Chap- • ter 81. -.�-=ar... - - - -.-. T --- _.- • 3.07.14 1 3.08.01 3 07.14 Projections from the building shall conform with the prd- CHAPTER 8 - TYPE III BUILD NO3 DR STRUCTURESo PROJECTION s•l.onb of thi8 8ectioh, Section 6.25:27-ant! Chapter 31. ORDINA�Y MASONRY FJIt oriels and similar projections shall be BUILDINGS .01 Bays, P j 3.08.01 .01 T III Buildings: • con- constructed of incombustible materials with the DEFINITION struYID The otion ma load bearing n walls, floors and roofs as specified in this Chapter. reinforced concrete, or a structuralnframeof teeelSorrere, Porches and exterior shall be con- re- inforced concrete, or may be wood bearing partitions.. Ex- .02structes an sex a exterior balconiese materials, be con- tel walls shall be of masonry and/or reinforced concrete. tural steel or iron members need not be fire-proofed. Partitions, floors and roof framing may be of wood. 03 Cornices, canopies, marquees and similar nppso- .02 Type III Structures: Type III structures shall corn dages which are a part of a Type II building ply with any special provisions shall be constructed of substantial inconbatible materials ofT thIII s Code dings as may thereto,sc applicable.such reque oents forb and in compliance with the provisions of Chapter 31. theChief uilding Inspector shall decidewhich eprovisioonst .04 Loading platforms for warehouses, freight depots shall apply. • and similar buildings may be of heavy timber construction, with wood floors not less than one and five- 3.08 02 The height of Type III buildings or structures stall be It eighths (1-5/8) inches thick. Such wood construction shall HEIGHT mited, as a cified tanner Groupsof Occupancy not be carried through the walls of any Type II building. ALLOWABLE in noenae shall exceed thirfeet, in Part V. and there shall be not more than two (30)) in which height and steeples when not used for habitation,� Towers, spires 3 07.15 .01 Pent-hout<es, bulid,eads and other similar structures, mess, and buildeads storage or bust ROOF having a'floor area of more than fifteen (15) square , not exceeding in combined area. fifteen STRUCTURES feet, shall have exterior walls and interior construction ea (15) percent of the roof area of the building, may extend AND specified for Type II Buildings in this Chapter. Openingsabove the allowed height not to exceed twenty (20) feet. SKYLIGHTS in exterior walls which face tte roof shall be protected by fire-resistive doors and/cm windows. When the grass floor 3 08 03 The floor area of Type III buildings shall be limited to area area of such structures ctur frame shall 2XL extend directly toquuare a AREA ALICMED that specified fader Occupancy in Partng V. unless such build- , ing shall be divided by fire walls into fire areas which do • ground• not exceed the maximum specified. .02 Towers or spires which extend above the roof, when enclosed, shall have exterior walls as required in 3.08.04 .01 Soil bearing footings and foundation walls or grade Section 3.07.05. Such towers or spires, when not enclosed, FOUdDATION shall have a framework of structural steel or iron, or of been shall be of reinforced concrete as specified reinforced concrete. When the gross area of any tower or in Chapter 23, and shall be designed as specified in Sec-- ti or spire exceeds one hundred (100) square feet at any hori- zontal cross-section, its supporting frame shall extend di .02- rectly to the ground. Concrete and wood piles shall comply with the require- ments of Chapter 22 .00 Wireless masts and antennae, roof signs and other sim- ilar structures shall be of incobustible materials 3 08.06 .01 Exterior walls, and inner court walls, of Type III throughout, except as may be otherwise provided in Chapter =ERRS AND 35• They shall be not less than six (6) feet clear above l R COIRT Crete,Basl specified lin Chapter be of s and and/or and shalldbeof the roof at all points, and when more than twenty-rive (25) AtD FIRE not less than two-hour fire--resistive construction as speci ' feet in height, shall be supported directly to the ground by WALLS fled in Section 8.32.12; except a framework of inconbtstible materials, properly fire- are thirt that exterior l which proofed. They shall be designed to withstand a wind load in building a�fl om 8 "ore fe+om an adjacent building or any direction as specified in Section 6.21.08, in addition sane building, R1' other building (Jr portion of the to other loads. may have r6, and which have the necessary structural frame, Patel enclosures as specified in Section 8.32 17, .04 Storage tanks having a capacity of over five-hundred to a height not exceeding fifteen (15) feet. (500) sailors, shall be supported on masonry, rein- .02 Exterior and inner court walls of Type forced concrete or structural steel, and shall not be local- shall be provided withparapet III Buildingsn ed over stairways or elevators, except where there is a twenty-fourthe walls not lase than Y (24) inches above t roof at all points, pro- reinforced concrete slab floor, properly designed tinder such vided that where buildings abutt onna street or alley or tanks• where walls are not closer than ten(10) feet to the adjacent .05 Minor roof structures fifteen(15)square feet or less, building lines of a contiguous lot. or closer than ten (10) which housef ventilated shafts 5)similar etnor may feet to another building on the same lot, no parapet walls be constructed of combustible materials with not less than will he required and provided further havinghat parapetf walls one-hour fire-resistive protection. p of three (3)not be in constructed lov buildings or Ater a roof with a pitch (3) in twelve (12) or greater .06 Skylights shall be constructed of substantial incom- - �03-Fire walls shall be provided so that the allowable bustiile materials. Wire glass shall be used.. floor areas for TYPe III Buildings as specified under� 3.07.16 .01 • Cobtstible materials shall be permitted in buildings • 'Occupancy in Part V shall not be exceeded, and sach walls COABUSI BIE of Type II Construction. except where specifically ,haul comply with the requiretents of Chapter 23 and 25, MAIBRIAIS prohibited in this Chapter or under Occupancy in Part V. not Section b.11.08 and 8.32.12. Required fire-walls shall REGULATED not 5e• used to support any combustible floor or roof con--' .02 No enclosed air space in any vertical framing stall strux ion. have a dimension greater than seven (7) feet. • .04 No walls shall have a thickness less than is required .03 Combustible insulating materials may be placed in the to support the loads thereon within the allowable partitions, floors and roof framing, but shall in no stresses as specified in Section 6.23.10 and 6.25.12. • way interfere with the fire-blocking required by this Code .05 Chasing or recessing of masonry walls shall be limited to that permitted in Section 6.25.26. 3.08.06 .01 Interior Bearing Walls: Interior bearing walls stall IiT1RI0R meet the requirements of BEARING Chapters 21, 21, 25, 26 and/or 27, and shall, where adjacent WAIdS AND to a common path of exit, or where they support a second PARTITION story and a roof, be not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction as specified in Chapter 32. .02 Partitions: Partitions shall meet the requirements of Chapters 23, 24, 25 26 and/or, 27, and shall, where adjacent to apron paths ofh exit, be of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction as apscffted in Chapter 32. .03 Additional Fire-protection: Additional fire-protec-1' tion for woos+ stud bearing walls and partitions lwhl erprovided( rand es` required in Chapter 34. 3.58.07 Vertical openings shall be enclosed as specified under Sec- ENVIC6[RE tion 3.07.07, except that interior stairways need not be en- OF VERTICAL closed, but the walls adjacent thereto and the stair soffits OPENINGS shall be not less than one-hots fire-resistive construction. 3.08.08 .01 Unless specifically designed as a structural frame, S1RCCTIIAL the exterior wells of Type III buildings shall be con- FAAAg2V0RK sidered as load bearing, and shall be constructed of masonry as specified In Chapter 23 and/or reinforced concrete as specified in Chapter 25. .02 The interior of Type III buildings nay be supported on bearing walls of masonry as specified in Chapter 25, reinforced concrete as specified in Chapter 23, or steel or wood studs as specified in Chapters 28 and 27. • 3.08.09 .01 .Exterior: Exterior structural "embers, and those • FIRE-IR OOFING which support exterior walls or 'rafters, OF S'I1ILETiRAL shall have not less than two-hour fire-resistive protection, ?EMBERS as specified in Chapter 32. .02 Interior: Interior structural renters shall not be required to have fire-proofing,except that structural steel or concrete menbers which support interior masonry or concrete work shall have not less than one-hour fire-resistive protection, as specified in Chapter 32. • 3.08.10 .01 General: CONSTRICTION .01 The interior support for floor construction shall be a structural reinforced concrete or steel frame or menbers, protected as required in Section 3.08.00, or bearing walls as specified in Section 3.08.06. 3.08.10 3.08.t4 I .02 There shall be a reinforced concrete foundation ( ! arms a reinforcewad concrete or roe beam st the ructural steel' floor .02 at every other floor level, which shall be continuous arose! beam Porches and exteriors balconies o may le constructed of reinforced concrete,exte steel or wood, provided that t the exterior walls of the building, and to which shall be where wood is used, the exterior wesonry walls shall be cen- t rigidly attached the outer ends of the adjacent members of sinuous between such porch or balcony and the interior, the floor system, except for nornal openirgs•suoh as windows end doors. • 1 •+ .03 No wood poet and girder cortgtrtctln shall be •03 Cornices, canopies, marquees are similar appendages and all wood ll def rmta the sup otirst floor joists, which are a part of a Type III building shall be eon- supporting the first floor strutted withof substantial provisions inoarbustible unman ale and in can shall have a minitmas clearance of eighteen (18) inches be- pliamco the provialnrg of Chapter 31. tween the bottom of the members and the ground underneath. Any such space shall be vented through the exterior walls 3.08.15 .01 Pent-horses, bulkheads arilre outer ai.nilar structures with a sufficient number and arrangement of open i insure ample ventilation; such openings to be covered with ROOF Saling a floor area l n,an than interior men (ru sonars not less than one-half (�) inch galvanized wire mesh. In STURE8KYLI COAh0 feet stall have exterior walls and thisC pier. Opens general, ventilating openings stall be provi•led r•n "le basis SKYLIOhdB in ext ri for Type III face the in this Ctllihhhaaapter, Openings of two (2) square 1!bet for each twenty-five ( re in exterior wells which face the roof shall1be Protected by tensor wall except that no such o n )) of ex fire-resistive doors and/or windows. When'the gr.,; floor in the fronts of buildings. shall be compulsory area of such structures exceeds one huttxlu ed (100) square feet, its supporting frame shall extenddirectly to the ground. .02 Materials: Floors and all parts thereof of e,,,. Buildings shall not be required t o 1. fire-proof except where specifically provided, and stall be .02 Towers or spires, which extend abov,� the roof, when constructed of the following materials or suitable combine-. enclosed, shall 'nave exterior wall: as required in t tons thereof: Section 3.08.05. finch towers or spires, when not enciceed shall have a framework of structural steel or iron, or of .01 Reinforced concrete as specified in Chapter 23 reinforced concrete. When the gross area of any tower or spire exceeds one hu deed (100) sonars feet, at any hors- • , .02 Gypsun concrete as specifier! in Chapter 24. zontal crose-aection, its supporting frame natal' extend di- rectly to the graced. .03 Structural steel as specified in Chapter 28. .03 Wireless nests and antennae, roof sign and other s im- .04 Steel joists as specified in Chapter 26. liar structures shall be of incombustible materials throughout, except as may be otherwise , ided 05 Sheet metal deck seeress as specified in Chapter 35. They shnall be not lase :hen six (8)prc fast abovein thusChapter roof at all points and when more than twenty-f;ve (25) feet in 26. height, shall be supported directly to h rground by a. .00 iVood as specified in Chapter 27. framework of incalbustible tmterlals properly tire-proofed. Such structures shall be designed to withatarxt a wind load .03 Floor Finishes: Floor finishes trey be of tile, ter- in any direction, as specifi in Section 1G 21.08. Iinoletmn rezzo, wood, nlywoori, pressed wood, asphalt tile and other similar materials; except •01 Storage tnnke,hetvlrg a capacity of ctr five hundred that wood joists shall not be wed to support concrete and (500) gallons, shall be supported o masonry, rein- tile or terrazzo floor surfaces, other than for bath rooms forced concrete or structural steel, and shall not be lo- • elroch similar spaces having an area not exceeding ore hundred rated war stairways or elevators, except where there is a e 11 square feet, and such floors shall not exceed a total rennforced cornrete slab floor, properly denigrsd uder such 'n thi,,.mess of three (3) inches. tanks. 3 08.11 .01 General: HOOF 3.08.16 .01 Neal shall be permitted in a buildsrr�ngg of Type III con- (OpgZp1 I C0) t TIBLE struction, except whore spec ifica1 y prohibited in .01 The interior supports for roof' construction REGU IAIA this Chapter or under Occupancy in Part ' . shall be a structural reinforced concrete or AEOIILTI41 steel frame or members, protected as specified tion .02 No enclosed air space in'any vertica: framing of wood 3.08.09, or may be bearing walls as specified in Section shall have a dimension greater than seven (7) feet. 3.08.06. .03 Combustible insulating materials maybe placed in the .02 The outer ends of' all steel, concrete or wood partitions, floors and roof framing.' but shell in no. beams, .foists, rafters, g way interfere with the fire blocking as -squired by this shall be supportedh1 pd urlieu and/or , hires r,,,ne- steel spanrbeam, which shall be continuous te rarouundurthe - .betane ancor hored thens reto as the provided IndChapt r 27.muenbers shill .03 Roofs, which tern to exert an outward pressure 3.09.01 -- _ on the,walls, shall be properly tiedby weans • or ceiling joists, collar beans, rods or other effective CHAPTER 9 - TYPE IV BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES meats of preventing spreading. (FRAME CONSTRUC,'ION) .02 Materials: Roofs of Type III buildings shall not be required to be of rated fire-resistive 3.09.01 .01 Type IV Buildings: Enclosing wall•. interior walls, construction, except the roofs of elevator shafts which DEFINITION part itioras. fhioors and roots shall be not less than two-hour rating as speci>lled in may be of' reinforced concrete, masonry, structural steel or Chapter 32. The materials thereof shall be es follower wood, or of any suitable combination of these materials. suitable combinations of such mraterlals: Any yshall buildingb consi which of be classed ::s ype I, II or III .01 Reinforced concrete as specified in Chapter 23. Type IV construct! n. .02 Type IV Structureis: Type IV Structures shall comply .02 Oypeun concrete as specified in Chapter 21. this Code pertragianing thereto, anwith anyt suech requirements for • .03 Structural steel as specified in Chapter 28. TypeIV Chief BBuildings as may be applicable n case of doubt tInspector shall decide which provisions .01 Steel joists as specified in Chapter 28. shall apply. Any structure which can not be cleseified as Type I, II or III shall be considered of ' ype IV cutatruc- .05 Sheet metal deck systems as specified in Chapter Lion. 26. .00 Soul as specified in Chapter 27. 3 09.02 The height of Type IV buildings or structures shallbe 11 • HEIGHT mated, as specified under Groups of Occuparby in Part V, and a. .03 Roof Covering: Roof covering shall be fire-retardant ALLOWABLE in no case shall exceed thirty (30) feet.; in which height as specified in Chapter 32. there shall be not more then two(2)stories: Towers, spires and steeples, when not teed for habitation or storage, and .04 Roof' Drainage: Conductors shall be provided where bulkheads, not exceeding in combined area, ifteer, (15) per-- necessary to prevent.dansge to soil cent of the roof area Of the builditng. may exterct above the bearing foundations or the shedding of rain water either di- al:owed height not to exceed ten (10) feet • rectlyor indirectly onto adjoining property or across public . sidewallra. Such conductors shall lead away ani satisfactor- ily dispose of' rain water but shall not connect into rani- a 09 03 The maximum, floor area allowable for a type IV building tary sewers. AREA shell in no case exceed that specified urier Occupancy in AUGeABIE Part V, unless such building shall be dtvired by fire walls OS Attic Spaces: The provisions of Section 3.07.11.05 Into fire areas which do not exceed the oepcimum specified. shall also apply to Type III buildings. 3.09.04 .01 Soil bearing footings and foundatiop walls or grade 3.08.12 Stairways may be constructed of unprotected steel or iron, FOUNDATIONS beans shall be of reinforced concrete as specified in STAIRS reinforce(' concrete or combinations of these materials with Chapter 23 and shall be leaigrned as specs led in Sections masonry or, except where specifically prohibited, DRYbe 6.21.10 and 8.22.03. ' constructed of wood. The design and construction stall meet I the requirements under Occugancyinlarrt V and the provisions 02 Concrete and wood piles shall comply wiith the require- of chanter 28. :rents of Chapter 22, E s 3-08.13 .01 Doors, windows and other openings in exterior walls, 3.00.05 .01 Exterior Walls: Etterior walls of'T IV Build DOORS AND fire walls and enclosure walls shall be protected F I of OR or structures, shall,•be constructed WItlDON6 where and as required wader Occupancy in Part V and in Chap masonry and/or reinforced concrete or wood or steel tars 26 and 32. WALL COVER- studs covered as specified in this Section, or nay be con .02 Cnenings in exterior walls shall conform, in extent, TM AM strutted of suitable combinations of these rateriels. WAILS with the requirements of Section 6.25.26 and Section 01 Reinforced concrete shall conform co the re- 8.32.17; except as such openings may be entirely prohibited quirements of Chapter 23. • under Occupancy in Part V. .02 1'.asenry shalt conform to the *equirements of .03 Doors,and windows shall not project over public pro- Chapter 25 nertyor restricted areas except as provided in Chapter 31. .03 Steel stud construction shell co:lform to the re- quirements of Section 8 26 08 01, and the outer covering nay be of'any type permitted for we stid exterior 3.08.14 Projections free the building stall comply with the require- walls, or may be pre-cast. .,nits of concur t ,r otter similar PRO 1ETION !rents of this Section, Section 6.25.27 and Chapter 31. material of equivalent resistance to stress and impervi FROM TIE o.snne,s to water penetration Such pre-cast a snits shall nest BUILDING .01 Pays, oriels and similar projections shall be con-- the requirements of this Code for the material. used, shall incombustible nattrhals with walls, floors have a thickness not less than one-elghth;(1/8) the stud etructed of' spacing and tensile reinforcement not less teen four-.tenth, and roof as specified in this Chapter. (4/10) percent of the effective area. All snob units shall "--.. _ - • • ,3.09.0$ iS.09.09 t • be anchored to every stud at vertical intervals not exceed- i1nne� two (2) feet, by swan of approved clips aryl/or seam .05 Attic Spaces: The provisions of Section 3.07.11.05 battens. shall also apply to Type 1V buildings. '• F. .06 Wood stud construction shall conform with the roqulrswsnt;a of Chapter 27 and outer cowering 3.09.10 Stairways may be constructed of unprotected steel or iron, shall be starfaea sheet'as provided in Section 6.27.08.11.03 gpA1RWAT8 reinforced concrete or wood and shall be designed and Con- over which shall be applied weather-boarding as provided in strucisd to meet the requirements under Occupancy in Part V Section 6.27.08.11.04, etueao as provided in Section 6.25.24 and the provisions of Chapter 28. or mummy veneer as provided in Section 6.25.21.02. .02 Fire Walls: Fire walls stall be provided so that the 3.09.11 Projections fran buildings nay be of incanbnstible material; allowable floor areas for Type IV build- PROJECTIONS and-shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 31. inga, as specified under Occupancy in Part V, shall not be sew exceeded and such walls shall comply with the requirements BUI11)INGS of Chapters 23 and 25 and Sections 5.11.06 ant b.33.12. Re- • quired fire-walls shall not be used to support any cos*tet- ible floor or roof construction. 3.09.12 .01 All parts of Type IV buildings may be constructed of C011131.M'Te'E wood or other approved combustible or incombustible MA'r" materials. 3.09.06 Interior bearing walls and partitions shall meet there- INiT3dICR quirenents of Chapters 23, 24, 25, 26 and/or 27,endshall - .02 Combustible insulating materials may be placed in BEARING have fire-protection where and as required in Chapter 32. partitions floor or roof framing, but shall in no WALLS AND r way interfere with the fire blocking required by this Cods. PARTITIONS 3.09.07 Vent shafts and similar openings shall be of not less than ENCLOSURE one-hour fire-resistive construction as specified in Chapter OF VERTICAL 32; provided that such vertical openings which do not exceed OPENINGS eight (8) square feet in cross-sectional area may be of not less than twenty-four (21) guage sheet metal with lock joints or riveted seams and joints. Such metal stets shall kept clear of any combustible materials, or shall be pro- tected by not less than three-eighths (3/8) inch of approved plaster board or are-fourth (1) inch of asbestos, and shall be fire-stopped around the outside at each floor and/or ceiling through which they pass with incanbrstible materials properly supported. All doors into such shafts shall be of metal or metal clad or nay be protected on the shaft side with not less than one-fourth (*) inch of asbestos metal hound, and all windows into such shafts shall be of wire glass. 3.09.08 .01 General: HAIR CON- STRUCTION .01 Interior supports for floor construction shall be a structural reinforced concrete or steel frame, or bearing walls as specified in Section 3.09.06. .02 There shall be a reinforced concrete foundation ' wall or grade beam at the ground floor level which shall be continuous around the exterior walls of the building and to which shall be rigidly attached the outer ends of the adjacent members of the first floor system. .03 No wood poet and girder construction shall be permitted for the support of the first floor, _ supportingand all wood or steel nenbers, the first floor, a• r . _ - --- - shall have a minimum clearance of eighteen (18) inches - between the bottom of the member and the ground urnderneath. Any such space shall be vented through the exterior walls with a sufficient number and arrangement of openings 'to ; 4.10.01 insure ample ventilation; such openings to be covered with • not less than one-half ()}) inch galvanized wire mesh. In • general, ventilating openings shall be provided on the bast of two (2) square feet for each twenty-five (25) linear feet _ - --- of exterior wall; except gist no such openings shall oe cam PART IV pulsory in the fronts of the buildings REQUIREMENTS BY FIRE ZONES .02 Materials: Floors and all parts thereof. of Type IV CHAPTER 10 - REQUIREMENTS 8Y•.FZRf}ZONES • buildings shall not be required to be fire-proofed except where specifically provided, and shall • w be constructed of the following materials or suitable can- 4.10.01 For the purpose of this Code, the entire City of' Miami Beach blrations thereof: FIRE ZONES is hereby declared to be,and is hereby established, a Fire Ol Reinforced concrete as specified in Chapter 23. DEFINED District, and said Fire District shall be lasown and desig- �na �a asFile Z One, Two, Three and Four which shall be s follows: .02 Gypsum concrete an: specified in Chapter 24,- .01 Zone One: To be .03 Structural steel as specified in Chapter 26- date, by at sane later ordinance,designated when andwhere required by congestion, occupancy and for the safe-guard of persons and .04 Steel joists as specified in Chapter 26. property. Such Zone shall be then located within Zone Two. .05 Sheet metal deck systems as specific In Chap- .02 Zone Two: Shall include all business prone:.. 's. as ter 26• defined in the Zoning Ordinances, and shall at all tine, coincide with the current Zoning Ordinan- .06 Wood as specified in Chapter 27 oes and any amendments thereto. w .03 Floor Finistes: Floor finishes nay be tile. terrazzo. .03 Zone Three: Shall include all Multiple-Family prop wood. plywood, pressed wood. linole erties, as defined in the Zoning Ordi- um, asphalt tile, and other similar materials; except that names. and shall at all times coincide with the current. wood joists shall not be used to support concrete and tile Zoning Ordinances and any amendments thereto; except that, or terrazzo floor surfaces, other than for bath roan and Single-Ehmily lots, contiguous to Business lots, shall be sinner spices hav ing an area not exceeding ore hundred (100) included in Zone Three square feet, and such floor surfaces shall not exceed a total thickness of' three (3) inches , .04 Zone Four: All of the City of Miami Beach, not in- cluded above as in Zones One. Two, -or 3.09 09 Ol General: Three shall be included in Zone Four ROOF CON SlRIVT10N .01 The interior supports for roof construction 4 10 02 .01 Temporary buildings. such as reviewing stands and shall be a structural reinforced concrete or GENERAL other miscellaneous structures, conforming to the re steel frame or members or may be bearing walls as specified REQUIRE quirements of this Code; and sheds, canopies or fences used in Section 3.09.06. SEWS for the protection of the public around. and in conjunction I with, construction work may be erected in Fire Zones One, .02 Roofs which tend to exert an outward pressure Two and Three by special permission of the Chief Building on the walls shall be properly stied by means Inspector for a limited time, and upon completion of the of ceiling joists, collar beans, rods or any other effective work In connection with which they are used, such structures nears of preventing spreading. shall be completely removed. .02 Materials: Roofs of Type IV buildings shall not be .02 A buildingo or or structure tru Zone whichw is, r nay be located, required to be of rated fire-resistive partlypartlyin another. shall construction and the materials thereof shall be as follows be considered to be in the most highly restricted Fire Zone, or suitable coebimtions of such materials, when more than one-third (1/3) of its total floor area is located in such Zone. .01 Reinforced concrete as specified in Chapter 23. ' • .02 Gypsum concrete as specified in Chepter 24. 4.10.03 .01 The minimum requirement for Zone One shall be Type I RESTRICTION Buildings and/or structures= No existing buildingor .03 Structural steel as specified in Chapter 26. IN FIRE structure in Fire Zone Ors, that does not comply with ZONE ONE requirements for Type I buildings shall be enlarged,altered. .04 Sheet metal deck systems as specified in Chapter remodeled, repaired or moved, except as follows: 26. .01 Such building or structure may be entirely .05 Wood as specified in Chapter 27. demolished .03 Roof Covering:- Roof covering shall be fire-retardant 02 Damage from fire or wind stores to such build as specified in Chapter 32, or nay -be ings or structures may be repaired using the wood or composition:shingles applied over two (2) layers of sane materials of which the building or structure was con roofing felt weighing not less than fourteen (14) ponds per strutted, provided that the cost of such repairs shall pot one hundred (100) square feet exceed twenty (20) percent of the replacement cost thereof. .01 Roof Drainage: The provisions of Section 4.08.11.04 shall also apply to Type IV Buildings. • 10.03 5.11.01 .03 Charges, alterations and repairs to the interior • PART V of such buildings or structures,or to the front facing a public street may be made provided such charges REQUIREMENTS EASED ON OCCUPANCY . shall not, in the opinion of the Chief Building Inspector i increase the hazard thereof and provided further that such CHAPTER II - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND CLASSIFICATION • changes shall not involve any structural alterations. .04 roofs of such buildings may be covered with 5.11.01 .01 The intent of this Code is that occupancies as listed "Fire-Retardant" roofing as specified in Sec- GENERAL and other occupancies though not specifically men- tion 8.32.18. REQUI] Nlg tioned, which are similar in character, shall be contained in buildings of the Types required therefrr. .02 Fences erected in Fire Zone One, whether on a lot or on a lot line shall be constructed of incombustible .02 No building or structure shall be erected nor shall materials throtghout, but shall not be required to conform any lot or portion of a lot be sub-divided or sold, to Type I Construction. or any lot line moved by sale of land or otherwise, in such a manner as to eliminate, nullify or reduce any required spaces for light and ventilation or for exit purposes or F.10.04 .01 The minimum requirement for Fire Zone Two shall be in any way to create violations of any of the provisions IIMIRICTION8 Typa .II Buildings and/or structures. No existing of this Code. iN FTEIE ZONE building or structure in Fire Zone Two, that does not comply • :WO with the requirenents for Type I or II Buildings or struc- tures shall be altered, remodeled, repaired or moved except 5.11.02 .01 Every building, whether existing or hereafter erected, as follows: OCCUPANCY shall for the purpose of this Code, be classified by • CL188IFlllfl the Chief Building Inspector, according to its use or the :01 such building or structure nay be entirely de- character of its occupancy, as a building cf Group "A", "B", molished. "C", "D", "C", "F", "0", "II" or "I", as defined in Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 17, 18, 19 and 20 respectively. .02 Damage from fire or wind storms to such build- ings or structures may be repaired, using the .02 Any occupancy not mentioned spect'ically or about sane materials of which the '.ruildintg or structure was con- which there is any question shall be classified by structed, provided that the cost of such repairs shall not the Chief Building Inspector and included in the Group which exceed twenty (20) percent of the replacement coat thereof. its use most nearly resembles based on the existing or pro- posed life and fire hazard. .03 Chargges, alterations and repairs to the interior of' such buildings or structures or to the front .03 The types of construction referred 1.o in Chapters 12 facing a nublic street may be made, provided such changes to 20 inclusive are: . shall not, in the opinion of the Chief Building Inspector, increase the hazard thereof awl provided further that such Type I Fire-Resistive changes shall not involve any structural. alterations. Type II Semi-Fire-Resistive .04 Roots of such buildings nay be covered only with Type III OrdinaryMasonry "Fire-Retardant" roof as specified in Section Type IV Flamae C oruetruction • 8.32.18. and are defined in Chapters 0, 7, 8 and 9 respectively. .05 Buildings that meet the requirements for Type . .04 Except as otherwise provided, accessory buildings III Buildings nay have the floor areas added to, shall conform to the 'requirements of the group under provided that such addition shall conformto the requirements which the building to which it is accessory is classified. for Tyne II buildings awl provided further that there shall be a lasonry wall or walls of not less than two hour fire- resistive construction between such addition and the existing 5 11.03 .01 No change shall be nude in the character of occupancy building. Openings in such wall or walls shall be protected CHANGE or use of'any builr.ing which would p:.aoe the building with fire-resistive doors and/or windows. Such buildings IN 113E in a different "Group of Occupancy", unless such building shall not be increased in height or number of stories. can be and is made to comply with the regtirements of' this • Code for that "Group"; except, that the •:haracter of the .02 Fences erected in Fire Zone Two, whether on a lot or occupancy of existing uildings nay, sublec; to the approval on a lot line shall be constructed of incombustible of the Chief Building Inspector, be changed and occupied for materials throughout, but shall not be required to conform purposes, another•"Groups" without conformi•g to all the re- to Types I or II construction. quirements of the Code for those "Groups", rrovided that the new or proposed use is not more hazardous, laded on life and ' fire risk, than the existing use. 4.10.00 .01 The minimtxn requirements for Fire Zone Three shall be RESTRICTIONS Type III Buildings, and/or structures. No existing .02 No charge in the character of occupancy of a building IN FIRE ZONE building or structure in Fire Zone Three that does not con- shall be nude without a "Certificate of Occupancy", DIME form with the requirements for Type I, II or III Buildings as required in Section 1.02.04 of this Cole. or structures shall be enlarged, altered, remodeled, re- paired or moved except as follows: .03 Buildings in existence at the time of the passszc or this Code, may have their existing ese or occupancy ntinuecl, if such use.or q euven y werg_1atine_ _ us e_t-}he of passage of this Code; provided such continued e-is no .01 Such building or structure may be entirely de dangerous to life. . mollshed . 02 Damage from flee or wind sterns to such build 5.11.04 .01 The minimum requirements of' this Code as specified iu2_s or structures nay be repaired. using the " " rt same materials of which the building or structure was con- UPAN Y under Groups o Olcu and exit in this Part p particular struucted, 'provided that the cost of such repairs shall hot BUIlDI Cl' tor rb based onnts in general facilit:es in particular ' exceed twenty (20) percent of the replacement cost thereof. BUIIDIN63 are hu+mn occupancy as follows: .03 Charges. alteration and'repairs to the Interior NU!IBER OF SQUARE ' of such buildings or structures. .r to the front. • GROUP Dls$PDAP'TIO)!f FRET PER PERSON ' facing a public street, may be made provided such changes shall not, in the opinion of the Chief Building Inspector. A Theatres • increase the hazard thereof, and provided further that such B Assembly Halls 15 changes shall not involve any structural alterations C Schools 40 0 .04 Roofs of such buildings nay be covered only with F, Factories oral Buildings 20 . a "Fire-Retardant" roof as specified ..:Section Warehouses 300 300 6.32.1S. . ' F Retail Stores (let floor or basement 30 ' • 02 Fences errcted in Fire Zone Three whether on a.lot or Restaurants 'loans above first 80 . oA a lot line shall be constructed en incombustible Offices 40 • materials throughout. but shall not be required to conform Factories 100 200 to Type I. II or III construction.. Warehouses 300 G Hotel Room Type Buildings 100 0 4 10.C6 1 .01 Anybuildingor structure Complying with the require- Single-fa ilTyye relBuiIJigs 150 Y nK 9 H Single-family IMol:irt3s 15O - RESTRICTIONS ments for Type I. II. III or IV building may be I Grand-Stands, etc. 7 'IN FIFE ZONE erected. corstrunted. reconstructed, remodeled, repaired or Solariums •FUR structurally altered within Fire Zone Four, except as other- 150 wise restricted In this Cods and An the Zoning Ordinances. occupied .02 Fences erected in Fire Zone Four nay be constructed of .02 dennsityyaass alculatedhall not efrom the table Section 5.111.. any materials Which will insure proper stability and 04.01 and based (xi the grass area of each floor or separated anchorage. exit area; provided, however, that the Chief Building Inspec- tor racy, uuxiar spacial circumstances, permi; denser occup- ancy where facilities have been proportione.tely increased. .03 For the purpose of this Section, children less than .1- twelve (12) years of age shall be counted as one-half (e) persona for Groups "G", "II" and "I" occupancies; but for other occupancies shall be each counted as ore (1) person. 5.11.05 .01 Adjoining units of the seem or different occupancies ADJOINING in a fire division shall be separated by a separation OCCUPANCY at least as fire-resistive as specified in i ection 5.11.08. i, 04; except as follows: .01 Space within a unit of occupency used for a purpose customarily incidental t" that occupancy and under the sane management and control slap not be con-. sidered a separate unit of occupancy unless the floor area of such space exceeds one-terth (1/10) the allowable floor area of the fire division in which it is located; provided . that Group 'E" occupancies and Division 1 of Group "I" occu- pancy shall not be considered incidental to any other occu- pancy for this purpose. .02 Adjoining rooms or suites of rooms in hotels or apartment hounds, office buildings, schools, hospitals and similar spaces of like character which have a floor area not greater than one-tenth (1,/10) the allorw- able floor area of the fire division in which they are located shall not be required to comply with the provisions for separation of occupancies within a fire division. •w- ■ : $ • a 5.11.05 '? - • ,n X x .02 Two (2) or more units of different occupancies may be a e) x contained within a fire division, but all such units , a 3►; i e shell conform to the provisions of' Chapters 12 to 29 for the r CO.. ^I x :v , most restricted of the occupancies so contained. e x x u >e x fire division whether occupying the whole or a part SS 11.OG .01 AuP•' � .•. � cJ :K cv N w .. • FIRE of a building shall be limited as to Type of Construe- - y DIVISIONS tinn. height and area as provided in Chapters 12 to 20 in- N x�l7 7I x cltelve, necoreinq to its most restricted occupancy. -. . , -, cI x e N x .+ .02 Adjoinitrz fire divisions, in a bu11r11ng, shall be _ x T' separated by a separation at least as fire Nresistive ^ ^ -" CI X c^. N as specified for separation of occupancies in Section 5.11. o ^ - ^ . .- 08.05 orovidear that no required fire wall shall be of less -- CI e e: e x e, ... r than two (2) hour fare-resistive construction. .., ^ ., .rcI x v: cI x are 2 ,00 Two adjoiniret fire divisions may be of different Types ^ ^ N > . N x N .2,• of Construction,within the limits provided in Chapters a In 20 and sub,(ect to the fo11 s 1>" resttictions. �. N x r) ,I V N Le c1 .0_ Construction required to be Type I shall not e •- e , ;> e e _ n n x X n r,• b e e supported wholly or in part by construction n of any other type or any construction less fire-resistive N C.) 7) 7) 7) r, 7) 7 ri, ;) > _. c. x 7) A ' than the einerum requirements under Type I. , e .02 Constriction required to be of Type Ii shall not ^ ,. . t^ ` . . t t ' (00 be supported wholly or in part by any construe- N N e e e a; e: c> a7 es N N n X 7) =. x N $.'. Lion other than Type I and II. .. .03 Construction required to be Type III shall not = - 1. ` '„ O s be supported wholly or in part by any construe- c+ cr c`: - Q Q :: s a r. ro r~ + >: .. M x tion other than Type I, II or III. c) r` �'e' .04 subject to the provisions of Sections 5.11.0E N N M .1 -7 Q t, C 7) C Q CI ^I N N _ /. '. :") X N C .03.01, 5.11.0G.03.02 and 5.11.00.03.03, Types • 6 of construction may be combined vertically within the al- e, es v iy ,.-3 . n Q Q < Q •t c) w -. c, X 7) -' x CI c ).awned limit of height as specified for the least resistive T of the types so conbined. N iv 7) N N c .t ¢ Q ` .I •: ro N X • M x N d d - �.r .4N O ce CS C.) 4. d <C e a ..2! d < -4a: d w, x 4 d e e..e e 15.11.07 81ihject to the !'ilitg of a letter of' permission to the Chief , s o PARTY Building Inspector from the owner of an existing building, e WALLS the exterior walls thereof may be used as party walls when o E 4 :a c e 18 conforming to the following requirements: vc .-. c . a � a .01 •Oen the Lyme or types of construction used and/ :.4 04 ^ "' ....44 4 1.,Q or combined floor areas of the existingand the pf b e. .. - , `) e r •� a proposed building are such that a separation into else-divi- - x N ^ y ^ ^ M J V - r ^ c, y w u v a s.lons is required, such walls shall meet the requirements •. •. - ✓% ., _ o 'or fire-division walls under this Code. , . .02 ,hen not required as a fire-division wall, but 0 kg ,e. c55 teed to separate occupancies, such wall shall r ., N , N N ,-f N ^a N .., _) N N CI .. v.. e ©.. , ..c*, conform with the requirements for separations of occupancy e. ;4, under this Code. n • eR. .0e Such wall in all its pawts shall conform to the p.. °a% engineering regulations of this Code or shall be e .z e e e ,, :_, ." ;.ado to conform therewith. c < 0 5.11.08 .01 Separations, as specified in this Chapter, may be w SEPARATIONS vertical, horizontal or inclined, rletru irg upon the relative position of' the portions to be separated, and shall N c) .', c 0' ° c consist of a system of walls, partitions, floors or other c*fr)truction of such materials and construction, so arranged 0 _ as to provide a complete, secure and cdntinuous fire-break of' the �reqguired fire-resistive rating between the portions of the,li+r-Leine.eo separated. .05 The separations between fire divisions shall comply 11 with the following provisions; provided that fire -. "` dy u walls for such purpose shall in no case be required to be .02 Separations between units of occupancy within a fire - more fire-resistive than the exterior walls of the more division and between fire-divisions shall be cleseif- fire-resistive of' the Types of Construction used. led, each classification being designated by the letter or figure set against it, as follows: .01 Required fire walls in buildings shall comply with the requirements of Sections 5.11.06. .01 A An absolute separation which shall pro- 5.11.07 apd the requirements of the table in 5.11.08.04. .. vide not less than four-hours fire-re- , sistance for vertical separations and not less than three- .02 If adjsoent fire divisions are of Type I eon- how separation for horizontal and inclined separations; all • struction a three-hour se oration may be pro- as specified in Chapter 32. There shall be no openings in vided where an absolute (A) separation is listed and all an "A" separation. other separations may be decreased ore (1) hour. .02 3 A three-hour separation shallprovirle e .03 No fere division wall shall be used to support effective fire-resistance of not less floors and/or rdofs of combustible arterial; than three-hour fire rating as specified in Chapter 32. and no combustible materials of' any kind shall pass threeeh Opening in the walls of such separations shall eee protected or into the required thiclmess of any such wall. on each side thereof by automatic fire doors as specified in Chapter 32. The sum of' the area of such openings in one story shall not exceed one-third (1/3) the area of the wall 5.11.06 .01 Iislividtal feeders and shut-offs shall be prwlded,for and no nipple opening shall have a greater area than two HAZARDOUS .!very separate fire division in every building under hundred (200) squar. feet. UTILITIES this Code, regardless of the nature of the adjoining occu- pancies and shall be provided for the same or different .03 2 A two-hour separation shall provide occupancies within a fire division whew the floor area of effective fire-resistance of not less such occupancies exceeds the tabulated percentage of the than two-how rating as specified in Chapter 32. Openinus allowable floor area as listed in the following schedule: in the walls of such separations shall be protected on one side thereof' by automatic fire doors as specified in Chapter PERCENTAGE OF MAXIMUM 32. The sue of the area of such openings in one story shall GROtP DfleCR.IPl'ION _ALIDIYABIE_FIDOR .AREA not exceed ore-third (1/3) the area of the wall and no single opening shall have a greater area than two-hundred (200) A Theatres 100 square feet. B Asserrtly Halls 50 C Sehools 100 .03 1 A one-hour separation shall provide 0 Institutional puddings 100 effective fire-resistance of not less E Garages, Filling Stations, Paint 10 than one-hour rating en specified in Chapter 33. Openings +S sops, Drycleaning Plants, & in the walls of such separations shall be protected on one Factories or Warehouses Hand- side by automatic fire doors as specified in Chapter 32; ling Inflammable Mater lab. provided, however, where such openings do not exceed twenty- F Oitail Stores (1 floor or basement ' 10 five (25) square feet a self-closing, tight-fitti , solid wood door not less than one and three-eighths (1-3/8) inches (Floors above the 1st 100 Res Laments 10 thick may be substituted. Offices and Factories or Warehouses 100 .03 Walls which form separations between occupancies or f)ardllrg Non-inflammable taterlals la G Hotels and Apartment Buildings 100 between fire divisions shall also conform with the if Single Family Dwellings 100 provisions of Chapters 23 to 27 inclusive as tiny pertain to I Private Garages, Oabarreas., Bath the nnterial_4 used. Houses, Solariums and .04 The separations as indicated by the letters or figures Reviewing 3tarris 100 in the following table shall apply to separations between different occupancies within the same fire division 02 Where electricity is served to separated fire-divisions except as provided in Section 5.11.05. - or is required to be or is served to separated occupan- cies there shell be individual switches, properly designated. Switches together with the meter or meters shall be located in an independent roam not less than three (3) feet by five (5) feet by seven (7) feet high, nor less than required to adequately house the necessary equipment. The floor of such roam shall be ventilated by means of a louvred door or other- wise arch stall be so located tls to be readily accessible fran the exterior ofb the building. Spaces under wood ce stairways shall not be used for this purpose. • . .00 4{1lere gas is served b0 separated fire-divisions or is required to be or is served to separated occupancie there shall be individual valves, properly designed; which 5.12.03 • 5.11.09 save building on the same lot or lots, shall have no opdnl-- logs therein. All openings in exterior walls which are seven (7) feet or more, butt less than fifteen (15) feet, from the adjacent building line of a colt!guous lot, or seven (7) feet or more bunt less than Fifteen (15) fleet Fran valves together with the meter or meters shall be located another building or portion of the sane building on the sane on the exterior of the building in a conspicuous and ac- lot or lots, shall be protected by doors ,.M/or windows of cessible place. fire-resistive construction as specified in Section 32. . .04 Other utilities, which because of their nature env •02 The Chief Building Inspector may we lye the require- constitute hazards stall in general be governed by ments of this Section, for the prohisition or protec- the provisions of this Section and shall he subject to such tier of openings in walls temporarily, peeling construction addition%) requirements as the Chief Building Inspector nay on an adjoining lot or adjacent thereto, p•ovideci the owner nresrribe. agrees in writing to comply with such requirements on demand • of the Chief Building Inspector and tha: such agreement •5.11.30 .OI Where twoshall be recorded and any subsequent conveyance of such pro- 5.11 of exit (2) or more different'uaoccupancies having of uhuman 'party shall be made subject to the terms or this agreenent. PiCILIT18f3 occupancy, occur on the same floor and have cannon exits, NCR SUED the number of' units required for each such occupancy shall 5TT'Oa .01 Main Entrances and Exits: ' OCCUPANCIES be calculated separately, based on the gross floor area of FACTLITD34 .01 Every GroupA that occupancy, and such number.of units of exit width Y " " building shall be so located combined and proportioned Sr. full units to two that the mein entrance or entrances shall open shall. be combined (2) or more exits as nay be required by the distance: limit- directly from a public street having a width of not Jess ^lion of the cost restricted occupancy; provided that no than fifty (50) feet. The ammo entrance or entrances, which such exit shall have width less than forty-four (44) inches may also be used as exits, shall be protortioned on the for floors other than the First or ground floor or saes basis of one (1) Meaty (20) inch unit of tnabatrtncted width except for each seven hundred (70C) square feet oor major fraction than three (3) Peet from the first or ground floor,or as otherwise specifically provided, thereof, to and including seven thousand (5000) square feet, with an additional ten (10) inches of wid+.h for each addi- .02 fIb re two (2) or more occupancies, having the units addi- tional seven hundred (700) square feet or major fraction or exit width based on density o hniits • thereof, to and including fourteen thousanl (14,000) square oceulanf' occur on different differentfs of thed some building,fnanfeet and an additional ten .:10) inches of sidth for each one o combated width nl f res at any floor, other than th, thousand (1000)square feet or major fraction thereof, there- thefirst or ground floor, shall not be less than required for after; all cease on the total floor area teat has aeeera to the occupancy of that floor and there shall be no decrease stet entrancesregardless of other exits.chair main entrance in exit widths in the direction of exit travel. The exits shall be less than fifteen (15) feet in clear width between from the first or ?rotund floor shall be based on the o:cu- walls, or in aggregate width of doorways, but such width unit of shall.not be required to exceed forty (40; feet. Doorways Raney of that floor, plug one (1) twenty (20) inch . exit width for every unit of exit width frmmu floors above in such entrances shall not be less than five (5) feet in which exit there very and. plus one (I) twent deer width and no doorways or passageways other than en- enic. of exit width for every unit of' exit w•idthfrom any trances and exits from that particular occupancy shall open basement which may exit therethrot.gh, from or discharge into such main entrance or entrances. • .02 All buildings cf Group "A" occupancy, having a 5.11.11 .01 The lorr.tian of'all buildings and/or structures shall floor area of'seven thousand ;WOO) square feet LOCATION conform to the provisions of the Zoning Ordirenee, or more, shall have adjacent to the rain floor and each bal- e ON Tie cony of the auiltoritm and between the auditorium and the PN(IIIITY •1. .02 The loattlon of all buildings and the protection of main. entrance, in the path of normal ingr.ss and egress, a certain openings shall conform to the re uirenents of foyer the floor area of which shall constitute not less the Occupancy Group in which such building is classified in than fifteen (15 pidth t cf the total poinloort area ande such this Code, according to the use or the character of the foyer width have aa aisles, less atwa any poster thany the rved occupancy bire3 width of the aisles, passageways and stairways served at that point; provided, however, that sues foyer shall not be required to exceed the width of the ma.n entrance. The • foyer shall be at the level of the back cf the auditorium and all chargestnelevation between the foyer and the street adjacent thereto shall be by means of ramps having a slope not greater than one (1) in ten (10). The foyer, if not abutting directly upon a public street, shall communicate thereto by a straight and unobstructed passageway complying • with the requirements for the rain entrance and the reouire- ments of Section 5.12.01.06. Ticlet booths nay be placed in such passageways; provided that the wid.h of' such booth shall be added to the calculated width of the entrance or passageway as letermined free the floor area. .02 lfain Floor Auditorium Exits: d �directly haarll discharge • CHAPTER 12 - REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "A'" BUILDINGS or there shall be provided at the rear of the auditorium 5.12.01 Group "A" Occupanciesleading to the foyer or main entrance, a cross aisle which B�poven shall include: shall have a width not less at any point than the combined • OCCUPANCY width of all aisles discharging thereon; provided that it DEFINED .01 Division 1: All theatres, auditoriums or rim- she.11 not be required to exceed the main entrance width. ilar places of eereral . assembly Adeitional exits, located on each side of and not less than primarily adapted to the giving of lays, operas, vnuiev111e one-half (?j) the length of' the auditorium. from the foyer or or similar forms of entertainment, having a permanent stag* , rear, shall be provided on the auditorium floor of' every and grid-iron or other means of hanging scenery, or having 3rcAnp "A" building. The combined width o1 these exits shall a floor area of more than five thousand (5000) square feet not be less than one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width and all motion picture theatres having no permanent stage for each seven hundredo (700)a square feet or major fraction or nears of handling scenery, and having a floor area of thereof, of net floor area of the auditorium, d utility more than five thousand (5000) square feet. aisles, but excluding foyers, lobbies, toilets and utility rooms; axe such combined width shall be equally divided in 02 Division 2: All theatres, au-Mortars or sin full units of exit width to each side cf the auditorium; filar places of general assembly provided, however, that in no case shall there be 'ess than primarily adapted to the giving of plays, operas, t; teville;r one (1) exit on each side caving a w ieth rot less than five -`+ or similar forms of entertain eat, havinga r t (5) feet. h�I but no grid-iron or other means of hangiingsceenery, auc+ he Ina a floor area of five thousand (5000) square feet or less .03 Balcony and Gallery Exits: anxi all motion picture theatres havingg no ppcce�1•nanent stage or nears of handling scenery, and having a floor area of five O1 Balconies stay'be provided with t seventy-fiveenged thousand (5000) square feet or less. that there shall, be not over (75) feet in the line of.exit travel between any seat and an 5.12.02 .01 Buildings or exit. These exits shall have a combined eieth not less than ng parts of buildings classed in Group "A" one (1)twenty-two(22) iftchunitof exit•width for each seven CONSTRUbecause of' the use or character of' occupancy shall hundred (700) square feet or major fraction thereof, of TION, MIGHT conform to the following specific requirements: gross floor area of the balcony; which combined width shall AND AREA be proportioned in full units to two (2) or more exits as AId'OWABIE TYPE OF ALIA.1'ABI1;' • may be required by distance limitations; provided however, that no such exit shall have a width lens than forty-four DIVISION CONSTRUCTION 1EIGHT tuA?;IsfOil FIRE AREA 4.(44) inches. Such exits shall be by means of exterior or I I 100 Not limited hereby interior stairways or ramps and not less than one-third of I 100 Not limited hereb the required ruder of such exits shall be enclosed and pro- 2u II 40 o y vide direct egress to a street or other similar public space 5000 or shall connect thereto by means of a cost or passageway. Floor areas nay be increased to not more than seven thou- •sa .02 Galleries located above the lealcony shall have sand (7000) square feet when no balconies or galleries are • constructed es a part of such occupancy, exits as regtiree for balconies; except that not less than one-third (1/3) of the required number of .02 The auditorium floor shall be located at or rear the exits shall be by means of smoke-proof towers as specified ground level and all exits shall be at street level or in Chapter 28. shall meet the street level by means of ramps. .04 Stage Exits: . •• .Cal Basements located under buildings for Group "A" occu- s ' u pancy shall be of Type I construction throughout. .01 The area back of a proatw ate wall shall have .04 The roof over the stage of any buildingof Group ^A^ • not less than two (2) ch shall and fremotee means of exit, the combined widtnm of which shall be not less than occupancy shall be of Type I construction one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for every seven hundred (700) square feet or major fract.on thereof of the .05 For purposes of determining exit and fire protection • gross floor area at the stage level, plus one (1) additional requirements and arrangement, each required fire twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for every unit from the' division shall separately meet the requirements of this dressing rooms on other floors which e::it tharethrotuth. Chapter. • .02 There shall 6e a path of exit in either direc- tion5 from every dressing r•rom door and such .5O12TION ON.12.03 .01 Location on the property shall comply with zoning - exits from dressing rooms on floors above or below the state LOCATi1'Y Ordinances and the following specific requirements: shall leave a combined width at each floor not less than one (1.) twenty-two (22) inch unit of exit width for each fifteen 01 All Group ^A" buildings shall front directly hurtred (1500) square feet of gross floor area contained on upon at least one street, in which front shall that floor and such combined width shall e proportioned in be located the main entrance and exit of such buildl full wits to two (2) or more exits so that the distance from �. any roan door to an exit from the floor shall not exceed .02 All exterior walls or parts of walls of' Groupseventy-five (75) feet; provided, however, that no etch exit "K' buildings which are less than seven 7 feet shall have a width less than thirty (30) inches. Such exit; fran the adjacent building line of a contiguous lot, or less shall be by nears of' exterior or interior ;tairwaye or ramps than seven (7) feet free another building or portion of' the li 5•I2.O4 • 6.I2.01 I be made, by means of a rail, to enable persons to turn li and not less than one third (1/3) of the required Tauber or • before entering the common path. exits shallbeenclosed aid provide direct egress to a street or similar public space or shall connect thereto by means of .02 There shall be o dead-erdm in exit passagewys a , a court or pm sagrway. corridors or cQin•4 more than ten (10) feet be- yong any exit from an waditoriaae, balcony or gallery, or .03 Corridors, back-stage, which are used as paths stage into such passageway, corridor or court. of exit shall have a width not less than three 0) feet, nor less than four (4) inches for each two hundred .03 Handrails shagl'be provided as specified in (200) square feet or major fraction thereof, served by such • Chapter 28. corridors. .04 No persons or obstructions of any kind either .05 Facit Courts: movable or permanent shall be placed in any aisle, exit,'foyer, passageway or corridor and all required .01 Along each side of the building, except on the dissensions refer to clear widths. This shall not be con- street sides, shall be an open court cr an en- strued as prohibiting chairs, stools, stands, easles and closed passageway having width not less than five(5) feet, such similar objects when so placed as not to diminish any nor less than one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width required widths. for every unit of exit width which discharges therethrouwh. These are required clear widths anc shall not be reduced in .05 No bars shall be placed upon any windows or any any way. the windows of openingss in any office.aoup "A" building, except on .02 The courts shall extend full width to a street or other similar public space or shall connect .06 No mirrors shaallbe placed as to give the appear- thereto by means of a passageway of the same width. The ance of a doorway or exit, hallway or corridor, court or passageway shall meet the street level and all nor shill there be any flab doers or windows. changes in elevation shall be by ramps having a elope not more than one (1) in eight (8)• .07 *'diagram or plan of each tier, gallery or floor showing distinctly the exits therefrom, each cc- .02 There shall be no openings into such exit courts cupyinng a space not less than fifteen (15) square inches, other than required exits from the building and shall be printed in black lines in a legible manner on the all stairways which empty Into exit courts shall have land- program of' the performance. ings and vestibules at the court floor level the least di- mension of which shall be not less than the required stair width, all so arranged that the doors nay be opened without 5.12.05 .01 General: Dressing roars, work shops, toilet 'rooms, obstructing the court. No ore exit from the building shall 1dOm AM auditoriums, foyers and other public spaces discharge into an exit court closer than five (5) feet to VENTILATION shall be provided with light are ventilation, either nnatur- another exit from the building. ally by means of windows and/or skylights or artificially by inane of electric light and mechanical ventilating or air- .06 Passageways: conditioning systems or any suitable combination of these methods. .01 Passageways shall be of Type I Construction throughout, shall have a width as specified in .02 Natural Light and Ventilation: Section 5.12.04.05 and shall have a clear height not less than eight (8) feet. .01 Windows shall have an area equal to not less than ten (10) percent of the floor area of each .02 Stairways which empty into passageways and other roan or space when the windows are of such ccratruction that similar openings shall beas specified in Section they permit the use of the entire opening for ventilation. 3.12.04.05. There shall be no openings into such passage- This Item shall be increased ballot less than twelve and ore- ways other than required exits from the building. half e) percent when the construction is such that only fifty (50) percent of the opening is available for ventila- .07 Aisles: tion. Intermediate window area requirements shall be in direct proportion. .01 Aisles on the main floor shall be located so • that there are not more than six (6) seats .02 Every window, to meet the requirenente for light between any seat and an aisle. Every aIs'•e shall be not and ventilation, the sill of which is not more less than thirty (10) inches wide if having seats on only than thirty (30) feet above grade, shall be not closer than one side and not less than thirty-six 06) inches wide if ten (10) feet to the adjacent building line of a contiguous having seats on both sides. Such minimum widths shall be lot or closer than ten (10) feet to another building or measured at the end furthest from the foyer or rear and portion of the same building on the same lot or lots. To shall be increased by two (2) inches for each ten (10) feet meet the requirements for light and ventilation, every win- in length toward the foyer or rear. There shall be no ob- dow, the sill of which is thirty 00) feet or more above structions or steps in aisles and the slope shall be not a grade, shall be not closer than ten (10) feet plus twenty more than one (1) in five (5). Ramps having a slope steeper (20) percent of' all excess above thirty (30) feet to an than ore (1)in eight (8) shall have non-slip floor surfaces. adjoining building line or closer than ten (10) feet plan Auditoriaan floors having more than thirty-five (35) rows of' thirty (30) percent of such excess, to another building or seats shall lave a cross aisle leading from the center aisle • portion of the same building on the same lot or lots. All or aisles directly to a means of exit. Cross.aisles shall such measurements from windows to adjoining building lines,• run from side to side of the auditorium and'shall be not other buildings or portions of the same building shall be less than forty-four (44) inches wide. taken perpendicular to the wall or walls in which such win- dors occur, and such courts shall be unobstructed except .02 Aisles in balconies shall be so located that as provided in Chapter 31. • there are not more than six (8) seats between .03 Artificial Light any seat and an aisle. Aisles in balconies shall have theB g: same mininmmuwidth as on the main floor and shall have the .01 Artificial lightingshall be byelectricity. same ratio of increase in width in the direction of exitAuditorium lights sall be on a ircuit se travel. Balconies having more than twenty (20) rows of 1gpar' ate from those on the stage and the rem seats shall have a cross aisle leading from the center aisleremainder of the build- or aisles directly to a nears of exit. Cross aisles shall beg, and shall be so arranged that they can be turned on from the stage, run from side to side of the balcony and shall be not less the projection roan and thebox office, with than forty-four (44) inches wide. approved indicators to show when the lights are on. .03 Risers shall be not more than seven and one-half 02 Emergency lights shall be provided in foyers, (7 ) inches and shall be the full width of the stairways, corridors and other paths of exit as aisle aid no tread shall be less than ten (10) inches. When specified in Section 7.28.09. the slope of' the aisle is not more then one (1) in five (5), it shall be ramped and slopes steeper than ore (1) in eight, .03 Nothing in this Section shall be tors rued to shall have non-slip surfaces. The floor between the runs of prohibit the temporary reduction of required intensity of lights in the s seats shall be on the same level as the aisles where theyualitoriur during the abasing of intersect, any act, serve or motion picture. .04 Aisles in galleries shall be as specified for ' .04 Artlficlel Ventilation balconies above. .01 Stage Ventilators: There shall be ore (1) or .08 Seats: All seats in buildings of Group "A" occupancy metalmore ventilators con- strutted of or other incombustible materials mar the stall be spaced not less than thirty-two (32) inches back to back, shall be not less than twenty (20) in- raised and above the highest point of any permanent stage, ches in minimum width and shall be securely fastened to the raised above the roof and having a total ventilating area floor, except that seats in boxes: or loges accommodating equal to at least five (5) percent of the floor area within the stage walls. Doors or twelve (12) persons or less, need not be fastened to thecovers for ventilators shall open Floor. by gravity and shall be held closed and vernally operated by rears of' cords extending to each side of the stage. These .09 Boxes: Dozes my he served by separate stairways or cords shall be equipped with three 0) fusible lima, ore of ITames not less than thirty-six (36) inches which shall be placed in the ventilator above the main roof the other two (2) at approved points, not affected wide, which shall hive a rise not exceeding seven and one- level andhalf (7e) inches and a tread not less than ten (10) inches.. 'by sprinkler heads. Such links shall be of approved type and'•.,. Boxes having an area in excess of two hundred (200) square shall fuse and separate at one hundred and sixty (100) cc- feet shall be considered as balconies. grees Fahrenheit. Each ventilator shall be opened and closed at least once before each performance. Glass, if .10 Doors and Gates: used in such ventilator, shall be wire glass. .01 All exit and entrance doors and/or gates shall .02 Vent Shafts: Vertical ventilating shafts used swing in the direction of exit travel and if and slop-sink compartmentsto ventilate inside toilet-•roars provided with latches. such latches shall be of self-releas- p- shall have a least inside dimen- ing type, such as panic bolts or similar devices, which will I sion of sixteen (16) inches and a least inside area of four permit the door to open when pressed against. (4) square feet. Such minimise shafts shell serve not more than two (2) toilets, urinals or slop sinks and to such min- .02 All doors shall be not less than six feet and . imum size shall be added not less than seventy-two (72) eight inches (6'-8") high and shall be so in-. square inches for each additional toilet, urinal or slop- stalled as not to decrease the required width of any opening, sink served by such shaft. The minimum grille opening from passageway or corridor in any manner whatsoever. Every exit a toilet room or slop-oink compartment to such shaft shall • door on the exterior of such building, except the main en-• be.two (2) square feet. Such mioimun grille shall serve not trance, and doors opening from within the building into a more than two(2)toilets, urinals, or slop-sinls and to such ramp or stair enclosure shall be of fire-resistive construe- minimum size shall be added not bss then thirty-six Cm tion as specified in Chapter 32. square inches for each additional toilet, urinal or slop-;ink served by such grille. aril lee shall be located at .11 Exit Signs: All exits stall be marled with exit sign or near the ceiling and shall be not less than eighty (SO) as specified in Section 7.28.09 and the percent open. When such toilet roan is shut off from other electrical installations shall be as required in Part XI. properly ventilated portions of'the building there shall be an air inlet at or near the floor, having an area at least .12 Miscellaneous: equal to that required for the outlet grille. .01 Where one path of exit joins another, the common .03 ibchanical Ventilation: Mechanical ventilating path shall be se.least as wide as the sum of the systems shall comply• paths. Where such paths Mort at an angle, provisions shall' with the requirements of' Part XIV and shall be kept in con tinoous operation during all tines the building is in use ., or is occupied. b 1205 • b.12.07 ' .04 Air-Conditioning: Air-conditioning systems uow operation during all times tast hall be ot in the building is contin- .01 Platform Construction; The plet'orm shall be constructed entirel or is occupied. in of incarbntible materials, except that where the auditorium • floor extends under the full area of such platform, construe- .06 Hazards: All registers or vents supplying air Lion nay be of Type II, omitting the fire-proofing on the back stage shall be equipped with . beams and girders.auttxratic closing devices with one hundred and sixty (160) degree Fahrenheit fusible links. .02 Size of platform: The platform ehall not ex- tent from ehe rear wall a 6,12,06 distance greater than ten (10) feet, measured to the great- 01 Stairs and ramps which serve only the first or lower est projection of the platform, nor shall the ceiling over ENCLOSURE balcony and stairways which serve dressing rooms need such platform be more than five (5) feet above the screen. OF VERTICAL not be enclosed except as specified in Sectiors 5.12.01.03 OPENINGS and 5.12.01.04, but all other stair or ramp exits shall be .03 Creasing Rooms, etc.: No dressing or other as specified under Type of Construction in Part III and in rooms for human occu- section 6.12.04. There stall be no openings in required pancy shall be located on, under or above such platform stair or ramp enclosure other than required entrances and unless such roans shall be completely separated therefrom by exits and openings for ventilation. not less than two-hour fire-resistive construction. .02 Vertical openings for elevators which serve dressings .04 Screen: The screen shell be rig:dly attached roars, grid-iron and fly-galleries need not beereclased to the platform and to to rear wall, above the stage level; but all other vertical openings for and a clear passageway, not leas than twenty (20) inches elevators shall be enclosed as specified under Types of wide, shall be provided between the screen or the sound Construction in Part III and en Chapter 29. equipment and the rear wall. .00 Vertical openings for ventilation or for other pur- Constrpr.teens s alplart be enclosed as specified under Types of 5.12.08 .01 Every motion picture machine using inflaamable films, 11OTION together with all electrical devices, rheostats, and PICTLAE sewing machines used in connection therewith e.mi all films 5,12.07 .01 Stages: In buildings " " MACHINE present in any Group "A" building shall be enclosed in a 5.1� ge of Group A Occupancy, stages BOOTHS booth large eno gh to permit the operator to walk freely on shell conform to the following requirement', either side or back of the nacbine and such roam shall be AND and seea.ration from the auditorium shall be provided as not less than seven (7) feet high and have a floor area of PLATFORM& specified herein. not less than fifty (50) square feet to each notion picture 01 Stage Construction: All machine in such booth. parts of the stage t shall be designed to .02 The floors, walls and ceiling of such booths shall be support not lose than one hundred and twenty-five (125) of incombustible materials of not less than two-hour pounds per square foot. The room directly under the stagefire-resistive construction as specified In Chapter 32. of Grouts "A" buildings shall not be used for any purpoe other than the working of traps and mechanical apparatus. .03 The entrance to the booth shall be eouL d with a e necessary for a performance on the stage. tight-fitting self-closirm door of sire-resistive construction. Such door shall open outward and shall not .02 Grid-irons, etc.: Grid-irons, fly-galleries, be equipped with any latch. constructed of incaubustible materials,pin but fire proofing of metal shall not be required. .04 aohine and observation s projectile, jectil booth walls shall be or three (3) kinds; projectio• ports, ob- ~ servation ports and combined observation and spot-light .CO Dressing rooms, etc.: Dressing rooms, work- torts. These ports shall be limited in size and number as shots and store roars follows: There shall be not more than one Projection port shall be located on the stage side of the proscenium wall for each machine head, including stereopt-ce.n machines and shall be separated from each other and from the stage by having an area of not more than one hundred and twenty (120) two-hour fire-resistive construction. square 'mhos. There shall be not more than am observation port for each projection port, having an arms of not more .04 Proscenium hells: The stage portion shall be • tort one hundred and fifty (150) square itches each. There sepaby not less than four-hour fire-resistive conated from struction as sitorium pot1ligh be toport rts and they shall than three not exceed thirtyn r (30) inches hes provider' in Chapter 32. Such reparation shall be known as by twenty-four inches. ale the Proscenium Wall and shall extend not less than four (4) one (1) foot of (24)l space betweeneopenings.le Eachlosr than in feet above the roof. The proscenium wall shall not be fin- the projection booth wall shell be omptely :overedtwith fished or covered with combustible materials. Proscenium a single pane of plate glass and each such opening, together walls may have, in addition to the main proscenium opening, with all fresh air inlets, shall be provided with automatic one (1) opening at the orchestra pit level and not more than shutters of not less than ten (10) C.S. gunge sheet metal two (2) openings at the stage floor level, each ofwhich large enosgh to overlap at least one (1) inch on all sides :hall be not more than twenty-five (25) square feet in area. and arranged to slide shut by gravity without tiniirrgg These Such openings shall be provided with self-closing fire-re- • shutters shall be held normally open by means of chains sistive doors es specified in Chapter 32 equipped with approved one hundred and ddsixt;• .160) degree Fahrenheit fusible linlol all so arrangedy ttnat Ina shutters booth05 Proscenium Curtains: shall be equipped ywith a ventilating inlet net less than Oi The proscenium opening, the main opening thirty (30) square inches in area, placed neer• the floor and nor viewing of performances, shall be protected by two layers of copper gtege,snne oV eighteen (l8) provided with a self-closing, tight fitting fire-resistivein meshed Per inch and the other of ten (10) m,ehed per inch curtain. Such curtain may be of woven asoaetos with not of addition to the shutter as specified above. At the top more than tan (lU) percent by weight of cotton or other can- every booth there shall be at least a ten (10) inch bustible materials, with interwoven wires of nnonel metal, diameter vent or each motion picture nacelle. Such vent nickel, brass or equivalent heat and corrosion resistingshall to constructed of not leas than twenty-four (24)U.S. one thickness and shall directly throuh the roof and twelve (12) Inches above, n 'tta$e metal anti shall connect into a masonry flue or s all weigh not less than three (6) pounds per square yard and g and o metals. Such curtain shall be of one be painted with a mineral paint so brushed into the complete provided with an exhaust fan whic, 'rill produce a no light or smoke can cane through. proscenium mp to change of air in the booth every ten (10) minutes, cloth that curtains of innconbtstlble materials other than fabric may be No wood or other combustible material shall be allowed to come closer than four used with the approval of the Chief Building Inspector. ur (4) inches to such vent and there shall be not more than one elbow or charge of d_rection of this 02 Proscenium curtains, thirty-five (35) natal vent in any attic space. No such ve:tt shall pass throeg any occupied room unless encased in not less than feet or less in width, shall have a e rigid metal mower, not less than the equivalent of a two- our (4) inches of solid masonry, inch standard steel pipe, at the top and bottom edges,stage and auditorium •OS A11 protected by the fabric on both tlx shelves, furniture and fixtures within the booth sides. Curtains over thirty-five (35) feet in width shall shall be constructed of natal or other incombustible matorlal. have a rigid metal frame, protected on both sides against fire. .00 Lverytnotion picture machine shall be securely festered .03 The proscenium curtain shall extend into to the floor to prevent over-turning. non-combustible and smoke-proof guides .07 There-w1rr11 at the sides, a distance not less than twelve (12) incise. c ng machine shall be located it,a fire-proof The curtain shall over-lap the top of the proscenium opening trial use shall onshall nt within the booth and all files not In ac- not less than eighteen (Meinches and the bottom edge shall bo kept in individual metal boxes with tight l have a yielding pad of incoebustible materials not less than bTiffin ewers and cabinet,must be stored, each in its divided four (4) inches deep to form a seal against the floor. Intont, in a cfompartments ha ng which of not ore than be theism The cilm bates in each c compartment. Each coo ten(l shall .04 rroscenirm contain shall be ri ed each f have a separate tightcover of no les and counter-balanced with not less n than ten inch nittityt,metal, arranged to solar of not less six (6) three-eighths (a/8) inch flexible steel cables and call (10) U. S. Gungeused inthe clue nutf such six (6) safety stop chains of one-quarter (*) inch straight l No solder shall be orsca s corstrumrtion of such link welded chain and shall be so arranged that it can be metal boxes, etxhq,nrtments cakirets. quickly released to descent by gravity and completely close the opening. The releasing device and its location shall be approved by the Chief Building Inspector. F 'PR0- .01 Grsprig •er buildingsaci shall equipped with automatic TJ•tTION AIO sprinklers as specified in Chapter 33. .05 The proscenium curtain shall be raised HAZARDS .02 Standpipes and fire extinguishers shall es installed and lowered at least once before every as specified In Cie 33.t performance and the operating of the curtain by means of pter 33. the releasing device shall be tested at frequent intervals .00 In buildingsfor as may be required by the Chief Building Inspector. Installed a Fire AAlaimiSy t o System. Grove sh llebe Ball be ll beAlarm Box located on the stage nd sub-bozos haare and ias .06 Stage Switchboards: directed by the Chief of the Fire Division. .01 The electrical installation shall comply .04 Chimneys and heati with the requirements of Section 5.12.12 requirements of Ch pterp34ntus shall corfa m to the and Part XI. .02 A protectlnlq hood of incombustible ma- •05 No volatile inflammable 1lquitia other than fuel oil terials shall be provided over the full Dtuildishall be placed, stored' or used in any Group "A"length or the switchboard and it shrill be protected on the ,orngft Flues oil storage shall comply with the requiro- sides and hack by a grille of three-sixteenths (3/16) inch manta of Chapter 39• wire with not more than a two (2) inch mesh, or by parti- tions of incombustible materials of not less than one-hour shall00 Any gee service to the stage portion cofe the buildinrgg fire-resistive construction and on the front by a railing be separated from any other service to the butte- f ire-resistive less than three (3) feet high. irrgg and every gas service call be prwldpl with eshut-off ualvo at a convenient and conepicnwua plebe outside the.02 Platforms: In buildings of Group "A" occupancy, building and adequately marked. platforms which conform to the following .07 The service of hazardous utilities shall conform to d requirements may be constructed and no proscenium wall or curtain will be required for separation from the auditorium. .._ :.•rs' •..._ �. • ,a-e. ..-.- __ .. Ir.12.094 5-IS.0h the provisions of Section 5.11.00 and other portions of this, 4, Code applicable thereto. UMAPTEN 13 - REQUIRENEN1s FOR 11KOUP "B" BUILDINGS .08 Transformer vaults shall comply with the requirements e of Section 8.34.09 and Pert XI. 5.13.01 .01 Group "B" Occupancies shall include: GROUP "B" . .09 Glass in lighting fixtures or for any reason hung or OCCUPANCY .01 Division 1. All auditoriums i overhead in auditorium, lobbies or other phblio spaces DEFINED "A", churches,'lodges,thaclCube • shall be secured from falling by an approved method. museums, dance-halls, armories, libraries, gymraaiure pas- senger stations, administrative buildings of City, County or 5.12.10 S rs shall be of ircoumbuatible materials and shall conform hState end similar buildings not included in Group "A" which SIGNS to the requirements of Part IX except that where provisions squareque a floor area of more than fifteen thousand (15.000) have been madein the design and construction of te strut- meet. tire and where such design is approved by and bears the sig- nature and/or seal of a structural engineer, registered inhaving.02 Division 2. All assembly buildings, as above,. the State of Florida, the size of vertical signs may be in- thousand (15,000) square eat creased area of fifteen creased not to exceed three (3) tines that specified therein. .02 A rostrum or platform projecting outward into an au- ditorium Canvas shall comply with the requirements of Part X. ditoriun space shall not be considered as a stagein a"P Ydetermining group classification ANVAS .03 It is not the intent of this Code that Group "B" oc-1 b 12.12 .01 Electrical installations shall comply with the re- cupen ies shall include buildings where motion pie- 'FIIX TRICAL quirements of Part XI- °^mP S tonnes or stage spectacles are shown regularly. .02 Exit and emergency lights shall be installed as spa- 5.13.02 .01 Buildings or parts of buildings classed in Group "Bo, cified in Section 7.28.09. CONSFRUC- because of use or character of occupancy shall conform TICS }EIORr to the following specific requirements: .03 Auditorium lights shall be installed as specified In AND AREA Section 5.12.05.03. ALLOWABLE 64 Switchboards shall be installed as specified in Sec- P.IyI$.l0 r T}P$ II4X1 NA$1)lv►J_L°dU>r_AAE1 tion 5.12.07.06. 1 I 150 Not limited hereby;' 150 5.12.13 .01 Plumbing: Plumbing installations shall comply with II Not limited hereby 10,000 PLLA6ING I the requirements of this Section and Part o Floor area may be increased not more than one-half (t) ' AND SAKI. );II. when no balconies or galleries are constructed as a TATION part of such building. .02 Toilet Rooms: O1 Toilet rooms shall not open directly from any .02 The auditorium floor shall be located at or near the groom) Level and all exits shall be at street level or corridor, foyer or other camas space but shall s shall meet street level by means of connect thereto by means of a private corridor or vestibule. ramps. •:, .03 Basements located under buildings " " .02 Every Group "A" occupancy shall be provided with pancy shall be of Typei Constructionon thong B Doan toilet facilities, within the building in the throughout, following ratios: there shall be one (1) water closet or .04 For purposes or determining exit ant fire protection urinal for each one hundred (100) persons or major fraction requirements and arrangement, each required fire di- thereof up to and including one thousand (1000) persons, vision shall separately meet the requirenets oi'this Chapter. with an additional one (1)water closet or urinal for -each additional two hundred (200) persons or major fraction there- of up to and including two thousand (2000) persons, and an 5.13.00 .01 Location on property shall comply with the additional one (1) water closet or urinal for each five LOCATION mp Y Zoning hundred (5oou persons or major fraction thereof, thereafter. ON Ordinance and the following specific requirements: Such rnmber of water closets and/or urinals shall be divided IROPIRTY .01 All Group "D" buildings shall front directly to each sex and arranged in two (2) or more toilet rooms. upon at least one There shall be not less than one (1) lavatory to each two (2) front shall be located the main entrance anrexit iofwsuch water closets and urinals. building or such building may connect to the street by Sr entrance passageway. .03 All water closets for public use shall be equip- md with open-front seats and shall be separated .02 The main floor of each Group "B" from each other and from the rest of the room by stalls ofr B level, provided shall incombustible and impervious materials. Such stalls shall that assembly halls having ated at or ufloor�areaadoflnotlmore than be equipped with self closing doors and shall be open at the forty-.five hundred (4500) square feet and having no balcon- top and for at least twelve (12) inches from the floor for ventilation. ies orl. galleries may be locted in floors above the grouxl 04 The floors of all toilet rooms shall be of tile .03 Exterior walls�1 1 be as specified in Sectiond or of similar material which shall extend around5.112•a)•01.02 an�5.12.03.02. the walls at least four (4) Inches high. . .05 Public toilets shall bears signs, 5.13.07E .01 General: eating for which sex such room ispintendednand FACILITIES .01 Ewer GroupB build separate toilet rooms shall be provided, back-stage, for a " " ing shall front on a public • performers, assistants, janitors, etc. street, having a width not lees than fifty (50) feet and shall have not less than two (2) separate and remote .03 Screening: All toilet moons shall have all outside means ans of eerrxit from every floor, regardless of height, area openings screened with eighteen (18)meal mentsrshall conform of tothenrequiirrienents uonal nderaTypes and aof Con- wire screening. Screen doors shall be equipped with self-. struction in Part III to the ific requiremcntts. or Chapter 28, and closing devices. to the following spec .04 Waste Storage: Ample provisions shall be made for .02 ((here two (2) or more occudpiancies, having unitsthe storage of waste witn the ofor of the lot or lots occupied. este shall not be accu- human occupancy,eoccur ion the assame oor different flors,densiythe mulcted in any yard area which abuts on a street, nor shall exits shall be determined as provided in Section 5.11.101. it be accumulated in any exit passage-way or other yard area which is a required exit passage-way, in such manner as to .02 Floor Exits: reduce the required exit width thereof. .01 Floor exits shall be by means of interior Existingbuildingsen- closed stairways or ramps, emokeproof towers, 5.12.141IONS w of this Chaptermaybe fullylecci mas lying with the requirements horizontal exits or doorways at or near grade, which dis- EAND3CC PTIONS used, has er may be cl sf Group "A"buildings ant( so charge directly onto a street or other similar public space. TIONS 0e , ift ands. are Sections 5.12.02 5.12.04, 5.12 Buildings which are two (2) oyr three (3) stories in height than a two-hour firelsepara fully such buied with ildingsess exits from floorsll have not ss aboventhe tfirs80byeim� of the of interior lenn-- any other occupancies, closed stairway s or ramps and buildings which are four (4) or more stories high shall have not less than fifty (50) 5.12.15 .01 Separation of Group "A" occupancies or divisions percent towersts from floors above the first by means of NIXED thereof from all other occupancies or divisions of OCCU'ANCY occupancies shall be as specified in Chapter 11. .02 interior enclosed stairways or ramps and or .02 A super-structure may be erected over anysmoke-p as roof towers, as may be reqquired shall the auditorium, but nothing shall be ereced over any locatedtthat ethey shall beddirectl in ytaccer essiblefroom eve so ry stage except the necessary structures and equipment for the point in the building and such exits shall discharge into a theatre and the mechanical service of the building. Any street or other similar public space or shall connect there- opening In the exterior walls of such super-structure tob means of a adjacent to the roof' of the stagepp Y used, a passageway or court wherepa interiory rnsmole- fire-resistive doors and/or windws asasl specified Cho er or ramps are a and by means of a passageway where emolar- 32. Pe in Cho ter proof Lacers are teed. .03 Horizontal exits shall be constructed as speci- ' fled in Section 7.28.05. .04 Not more than one required exit from any sepa- rated exit area or sub-division of the building shall open onto any one court, yard or passageway unless such court, yard or passageway be open on both ends to a street or other similar public space. .05 Floor exits shall be arranged to afford the ! greatest accessibility and so that there shall 1 not be more than fifty (50) feet in the path of' exit travel from any room, hall or auditorium exit to an exit from the floor. .06 Exits from floors other than the first or ground , floor shall have a combined width at every floor not less than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch unit of exit width for each fifteen hundred (1500) square feet or major frac- tion thereof, of gross floor area served thereby on that floor and such combined width shall be proportioned in full • units to two (2) or more floor exits as may be required by distance limitations; provided, however, that no required floor exit shall have a width less than forty-four (44) inches. • 5.13.04 5.I3.ub ] , 1 i N. .07 Exits from the first or ground floor shall have .04 Smoke-proof towers shall ho enclosed as speciried" a combined width not less than ono (1) twenty under Types of Construction in Part :11 and as spe- (20) inch unit of exit width for each fifteen hundred (1500) cified in Chapter 28. square feet or major fraction thereof, of grass floor area on that floor, plus one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit g,13.07 .01 floor construction: Plattonus, rostruue, chancels, width for every unit of exit width fron .floors above which 5.1PLA3.0Ii116 etc.,lacory ms constructed of cls, exit width fo ugh and unit one (1)i width-twenty roe(20) inch unit of ROSTRUM bustible materials provided that the auditorium floor shall • whi exit for every of exit wihowever, tha basement AND CHANCELS extend thereunder for the fuel area thereof. :he floor area which hefts therethrough;dprovided, however, that no exit of such platforms, rostrums, chancels, etc., �rhall not ex- threete the( first or grouts floor shah have a width less than owed fifteen (18) percent oY the floor area of the auditor- ium in which they occur and no provisions stall be made in .0a Corridors: connection therewith for the use of standirc or harping scenery, nor shall any permanent installation of motion .01 Corridors which are used as paths or exit shall picture screen or sound equipment be made. have a width not less than five (ti) feet nor .02 Dressing Roam, etc.: Pressing roam, workshops, ' less than four (4) inches for every throe hundred (300) storerooms,,room won. hip., square feet or major traction thereof, of roan or .a11. area adjacent to a platform, rostrum, chancel, o i4 shall .be , served thereby and calculated between exits. separated therefrom with walls of incambtmtiblr materials of .02 There shall be no dead-ends in exit corridors, not less than two-hour fire-resistive conetu•uction. The and such corridors shall not be obstructed in auditorium side of such wails way be ',enrolled with wood or, any manner so as to decrease the required widths, except as similar materials. provided in Chapter 28. • .04 Auditorium and Hall Exits: 5.13.08 .01 Portable motion plttero machines using slow-burnir,ll MOTION (cellulose accetate or equivalent) tyn of film may .01 Assembly rooms having a floor area greater than PICTURE be used without a ventilated tooth when not none than two forty-five husxlred (4500) square feet shall have MACHINES (2) exhibitions are given in any one month. The slowiiwnii exits meets the requirements of Section 5.12.04.02. film shall have a permanent distinctive marker or its try q entire length, identifying the manufacturer and the slow- .02 Assembly halls having a floor area of forty-five burning character of the film stock. each:nes shill] be hundred (4800) square feet or less shall have not marked with the name and/or trade mark or the maker ate thno less then two (2) remote exits and suet) exits shall be so voltage and current rat ng for which they are designed ennd arranged that it shall not be more than fifty (50). feet fran shall also be plainly marked "For use of slow-Trning films any point within,to an exit from such hall or auditorium. only". the combined width of such hall or auditorium exits shall t'Arero motion pictures are to he shown oftener than two be not less thane four (4) inches for every our hundred and (2) times a month, such building shall be equipped with fifty (150) sotmhe l feete or major nedctqun thereofyo odd )such a'venti;lated booth conforming to the requirem,ts of Section combined width shall be proportioned equally to two (2) or 5.12.08. more exits as may be required by distance limitations; pro- vided, however, that no such exit from a hall or auditorium • shall have a width less than three (3) feet. 5 13.09 .01 Group "ll" buildings shall be equipped ,ith automatic .05 Balcony and Gallery exits: Where balconies or galler- UTLI2t30- sprinklers as specified in Chapter 33. ies are built in cormec-• AND HAZARDS .02 Standpipes ppes and fire extinguishers shall be installed tion with Group "B" occupancies,exit therefrom shall conform S. ndpeiea in Chapter 33. with the requirements of Suction 5.12.04.W• • .08 Platform or Rostrum Exits: Every Group "B" building .03 In buildings for Division 1 of Group "I" there shall with a platform or rostrum be installed a Fire Alarm System. Ther., shall be one shall be provided with not less than one (1) exit, havingg a lire Alarm'Box and sub-boxes located where aid as directed width not less than three (3) feet, on each side of or easi- by the Chief of the Fire Division. ly accessible from each side of such platform or rostrum, .04 Ohimmmreys apparatus shell conform to the opening directly or by means of a passageway or corridor notrequirements and heating nter pa less than forty-four (44) inches wide to a street, court or 4. floor exit. • .05 h;o volatile inflammable liquid other than fuel oil shall be placed, stored, or used in any Group "B" .07 Exit Courts and Passageways: Where exit courts or building. earl oil storage shall comply with the require- passageways are re- 'tents o7 Chapter 34. ferred to or required, they shall conform to the requirements of Sections 5.12.04.05 and 5.12.04.08. .00 lies service shall he separate to each fire division ' cant each such service stall have a separate shut-off .08 Aisles: Aisles shall he arranged as specified in valve located at a convenient;aim conspicuous place outside Section 4.07; except that in halls the building. Where there ii more than one such shut-off or balconies having a floor area of less than forty-five valve, they shall be adequately marled. • hundred (4500) square feet, where the position of the seats. • I is not definitely maintained, the width of the aisles shall .07 • The service of hazardous utilities shall conform to be increased four (4) inches. the provisions of Section 5.11.09 and other portions -. .09 Seats: Seats shall be spaced as provided in Section , 0 of this Code applicable thereto. 5.12.04.08. Halls, auditoriums or balconies .08 Transformer vaults shall comply with the requirements which have a floor area in excess of forty-rive hundred of Section 8.34.09 and Part XI. (4500) square feet, shall have seats fastened to the floor or adequate means shall be provided to maintain the relative ,09 Glass in lighting fixtures or for any reason hug or position of the seats. overhead in auditoriums, lobbies or othrr public spaces shall be secured from falling by an approved method. .10 Doors and Gates: .01 All doors located in any common path of exit 5.13.10 Signs shall conform to ttm requirements of Section 5.12.10 shall have a clear height of not less than six SIG and Part IX. feet and eight inches (0'-8") and shall swLrq in the direc- tion of exit travel. This requirement for the direction of swing shall not apply to doors opening out of separated 5.13.11 Carnal shall comply with the requirements o' Part X.rooms, halls or other similar spaces having a gross floor 5-13.S area or seven hundred and fifty (750) square feet or less. • .02 Latches, used on exit doors, shall be of self- 5.13.12 .01 Electrical installations shall comply with the re- releasing type such as panc bolts or similar ElECIRICAL quirements of Part XI. devices which will permit the door to open when pressed against. .02 Exit and emergency lights shall be installed as ape- .03 Doors shall have minimum widths as specified in 1• cified in Section 7.28.01• this Section and in Chapter 28 and shall be so .03 Auditorium lights shall be installed as specified in installed as not, in any way, to decrease the required width Section 5.12.05.03. of any opening, passageway, court or corridor. .04 All exterior doors, except the main entrance, .04 Switchboards shall be installed Es specified in and doors opening from within the building into , Section 5.12.07.01.00. • stair or ramp enclosures shall be or fire-resistive con- provisionswith the struction, as specified in Chapter 32. 5-13.13 Plumbing and sanitary shall ;comply .11 Exit Signs: Ali exits shall be marked with exit PLU SING requirements of Section 5.12.13 and Par: XII. signs as specified in Section 7.28.011 TATION and the electrical installations shall be as required in Part XI. • .12 Miscellaneous: The miscellaneous provisions under 5.13.14 An arcade connecting buildings and used exclusively as a EXCEPTIONS passageway, need not be considered asd ac jahat ccupa cy Section 5.12.04.12 shall also apply AND for the purpose of this Chapter; p i gr to Group "B" occupancies. DEVIATIONS wails of the building adjoining the arcade are constructed as reengqguired for the exterior walls of the bui:ding and provid- 5.13.05i that he all e of tible W .01 requirementst and noflation shall be Section 5.12.058�p11ed to meet the , materials tof not arcade lesshthan btwo-hour fire-resistive rating. VENTILATION 5.13.15 Separation of Group "B" occupancies or divisions thereof, MIDO)D from all other occupancies or divisions of occupancies shall 5.13.00 .01 Stair or r exits, which serve only a first or lower OCCOPANCY be a; specified in Section 5.12.15 and Sr.C apter 11. MIAS= balcony, need not be enclosed except as provided in OF VERTICAL Section 5.12.04.03. Monumental stairways, whdch serve only OPENINGS the which not eic means of x ' elnt eenclosed; but all other vertical openings for ll be enclosed Types of Co ructionietair or ramp exits a nPart III aas rc) as specifiedi sttin Chapter . 28. There shall be no openings in required stair or ramp enclosures other than entrance and exit doors and openings for ventilation. .02 Vertical openings for elevators shall be enclosed as specified under Types of Construction in Part III and , "in Chapter 29. .02 Vertical openings for ventilation or for other pia•- poses shall be enclosed as specified under Types of Construction in Part III. { _ - , - - 5.14.04 6.14.01'. .. ' 4/ ' elf i .08 Floor exits shall be so arras that there GNAPTte 14 - NEQUIRENENTS FOR BNOUP "C" ISOILDIN93 • shall be a path of exit in el her direction from ever class-room, auditorium or other sub-division or �: j the building which is used or intended to be used for human• 6.14.01 .01 Group "C" Ocoupaneies shall include: occupancy andthere shall be not more than seventy (7�() feet GROUP•C" in Type I buildings, sixty (60) feet in Type lI buildings OCCUPANCY .01 Division 1. All public and parochial schools and fifty (60) feet in Type III buildings between any exit DEFINED and all private schools, kinder- iron a class-road, auditorium or other similar sub-division garten or play schools having accommodations for more than and one such Yloa exit. one hundred (100) students. .07 Brits from floors other than the first or groud .02 Division 2. Private schools, kindergartens floor shall have a comb width h at every floats or play schools having accomno- not less than one (1) twenty-two ) inch unit of exit datlons for one hundred (100) or less students width fo��each twenty-four re (2400) square feet or major frdetion thereof, of gross oar area served thereby .02 It is not the Intent or this Code that auditorium or on that floor and such coebinod width shall be proportioned similar places or general assenbly, having a permanent in redful units to two (2) or more floor exits easv may be re stage or platform, or gymnasiums shall be included in this quired by distance limitations; provided, however, that no group, but that such occupancies shall be considered as be- required floor exit shall have a width less than forty-four longing to the groups under which they specifically are (44) inches. mentioned. .08 lecits from the first or ground floor shall' ve a combined width not less than one (1) ttYenty 5.14.02 .01 Buildings or parts of buildings classed as Group "C" (20) inch unit of exit width for each treaty-four hundred CONSTRUCTION, because of use or character of occupancy, shall con- 20)(2400) square feet or major fraction thereof, of gross floor HEIGHT AND form to the following specific requirements: area on that floor pits one (1) twenty ( inchuunit of-exit AREA HEIG ALLOY- width for every unit of exit width from floors above which ABIF. AIAXPAP1 F1RE AREA exit therethrotgh and plus one (I) twenty (20) inch unit of OIVUSIO-N �'1G._ MIG1R'.STOVES 3()IIDDIG FRONTING ON exit width for every unit of exit width from any basement or 1.t3treet g$treats ,N Streets auditorium which may exit therethrongh; provided, however, that no exit from the first or ground floor shall have a I I 150 14 Not limited hereby width less than three (3) feet. II 40 2 10,000 12,600 15,000 2 I 150 14 Not limited hereby .03 Corridors: II 40 2 10,00) 12,5C0 15,000 III 30 2 5,000 6.250 7.500 .01 Exits from class-rooms, auditoriums or other similar sub-divisions shall open directly onto NOTE: of determining allowable floor areas a floor exit or shall connect thereto by means of corridors For the purpose and/or exit arrangements, as alley through anentire which have a width not less than five (5) feet nor less than block and not less than twenty (20) feet wide may be con- four (4) inches forrevery three hundred ax square feet or block nruu or fraction thereof, of floor area which has access to sidered as a street. such corridors; provided however, that where roans or other .02 Basements located under buildings for Group "C" occu- sub divisions of the buildinghave access to two (2) or more panty shall be of Type 1 Construction throughout. independent corridors br exits, the floor area of such space or spaces used in calculating the required corridor width 03 For purposes of determining exit and fire protection shall be proportionate to the width of exits from such space requirement and arrangement, each required fire divi- or spaces opening thereon. sion shall separately meet the requirements of this Chapter. .02 There shall be no dead ends in exit corridors nor shall they be obstructed in any manner so' i.14.03 .01 Location on property shall comply with the Zoning Or- as to decrease the required widths, except as provided in LEATION dinance and the following specific requirements: Chapter 28. )N .04 Auditorium and Room Exits: +MOMEATY .01 All Group "C" buildings shall front directly on • • at least one (1) public street not less than fifty (50) feet wide or upon a yard which is forty (40) feet .O1 Aose roans having a floor areagreater have or more in width to the adjacent property line or to another forty-fivebly hundred (f5Se) square feet shall have exits fleeting the requirements of Section b.12.04.02. building and which has clear access to a street, in which front shall be located the main entrance and exit of such .08 Roans for human occupancy which have one thou- building. sand (1000) square feet or more of gross floor ` • .02 All exterior walls or parts of walls Group area shall have not less than two (2) remote exits, one of "C" buildings,orwhich are less than five of feet which shall open onto a corridor or floor exit, and one of from the adjacent buildingline of a Conti which may lead through an adjoining room. The exit,to the j guouuc lot or less corridor or floor exit shall preferrably be near tie teach-. than five (5) feet from another building or portion of the era' end or the roa Exits fran such rooms shall be so ar- same building on the sane lot or lots, shall have no open- roan. Exits that it shall be not more than fifty(50) feetfrom ay ings therein. All openings in exterior walls which are five point within to an exit from the room. The combined width (5) feet or more, but less than ten (10) feet from the adja- cent building line of a contiguous lot or five (5)_ feet or of sucl.exits shall be not less than four (4) inches for each n one hundred and fifty (150) square feet or major fraction ' more but less than ten (10) feet from another buildingthereof and such combined width shall be proportioned equal- n ' �.; or ly to two (2) or more room exits as may be required by die- • i portion of the same building on the same lot or lots, shall tance limitations; provided, however, that no such exit from r have fire-resistive doors and/or windows as specified in a roan or other similar subdivision fbr human occupancy shall Chapter 32. have a width less than three (3) feet. .02 The requirements of this Section pertaining to the .03 Roans in basements for human occupancy shall prohibition or protection of opening may be waived by have exits as specified above; except that one : the Chief euildirg Inspector as provided in Section 5.12.00 exit from every such roan or other similar sub-division for 02. human occupancy shall open directly to the exterior of the 1e, ] building. • ' I' 1 5.14.04 .01 :;eneral: '. EXIT FA .05 Aisles; Class rooms with fixed seats shall have ::jai; aisles a least thirty currlES .01 Emery Group "C" building shall front on a public cent to the windows andatleastthirty )-sixi(30) inches wide : street or yard as provided in Section 5.14.03.01 on the other sides,..with intermediate aisles not less than 'm? .01, ant shell have not less than two el)separate and remotes eighteen (18) inches wide. Aisles in assembly roans which ' means of exit from every floor, regardless of height, area have a floor asea of*free thousand (3000) square feet or and/or Type of Construction;additional exits and arrangement• more shall comply dith the requirements of Section 5.13.04.08. shall conform to the requirements under Types of Construction '• in Part III to the provisions of Chapter 28 and to the follow- . .06 Seats: Auditoriums and similar places of assembly ,' ing specific requirements. shall have seating arrangements as provided f .02 'there two (2) or more occupancies, having units in Section 5.13.04.09. I of exit width based on different density of • human o f.07 Doors and Gates: Iccupancy occur on the same or different floors, the " 1 exits shall be determined as provided in Section 5.11.10. .01 All doors, located in any common path of exit, shall have a clear height not less than six feet .02 Floor Exits: and eight inches (6'-8") and shall swing in the direction of ' 11 .01 Floor exits shall be by means of interior or exit travel. This requirement for the direction of swing shall not apply to doors opening out of separated rooms, ;I outside stairways or ramps, smoke-proof towers, halls or other similar spaces having a gross floor area of • horizontal exits or doorways at or near grade which discharge directly onto a street or other similar papist space. Build seven hundred and fifty (750) square feet or less. I ; !i ings which are three (3) stories or more in height shall have .02 In buildings of Division 1 of Group "C". latches not less than fifty (50) percent of the required exits from used on exit doors, shall be of self-releasing ,`' floors above the first or ground floor by means of interior type Bunch as panic bolts or similar devices which will permit enclosed stairways or ramps and buildings which are four (4) the door to open when pressed against. i or more stories high shall have not less than fifty(50)per- m cent of the exits Tram floors above the first or ground floor .03 Doors shall have minimum widths as specified in by reams of smoke-proof towers. this Section and in Chapter 28 and shall be so •i o 02 Interior enclosed stairways or r or• installed as not in any way to decrease the required width o"Ps and/ of any opening, passageway, court or corridor. smoke-proof towers, when required, shall be constructed as specified In Chapter 28 and shall be so lo- .04 Fire doors shall be installed where and as spa cated that they shall be directly accessible from every cified under Types of Construction in Part III, 1 point in the building and such exits shall discharge onto a in Chapter 28 and in Chapter 32. F street or other similar space or shall connect thereto by • means or a passageway, corridor or court where enclosed Og passageways and Courts: (there exit courts or passage- i • stairways or ramns'are used and by means of a passageway ways are referred to or re-1 where smoke-proof towers are used. quired, they shall conform to the requirements of Sections 1. , 5.12.04.05 and 5.12.04.06. ' .03 Cutside stairways or ramps shall be constructed 1 i as specified in Section 7.28.02.07; except that • .09 Exit Signs: All exits in buildings of Division 1 of i i for Group "C" occupancies, outside stairways or ramps shall Group"C"shall be marled with exit signs t Inot be used on buildings which exceed three (3) stories in as specified in Section 7.28.09 and the electrical he).glrt. Such outside stairways or ramps shall discharge di- installa- tions shall be as required in Part XI. 1 rectly onto a street or other similar public space or shall 1 connect ttei'eto by means of a court. .10 Miscellaneous: • .04 Horizontal exits shall be constructed as pro- .01 No bars shall be placed on any windows In any • pro- vided in Section 7.28.05. Group "C" building, except on the windows of a • private office. .05 Not more than one required exit from any sep- arated exit area or sub-division of the building .02 No mirrors shall be so placed as to give the ' shall open onto any one codirt, yard or passageway),m leds appearance of a doorway or exit, hallway or , such court, yard or passageway be open on both entsato a corridor, nor shall there be any false doors or windows. street cr other similar public space. ) 5.14.05 .01 General: Rooms used for study or clesswork or audi- . 5-14.09 .01 Standpipes and fire extinguishers shell be installed LIGHT ADD toriuns, gymnasiums, locker rooms, lunch FIRE IRO- as specified in Chapter 33. VENTILATION rooms, toilet rooms and other similar spaces shall be pro- TECTION AND vided with light and ventilation, either naturally by means Jumps .02 Chimneys and heating apparatus shall conform to the • of exterior doors, windows and/or skylights, or artificially requirements of Chapter 34. by means of electric lights and mechanical ventilating or air conditioning systems or any suitable combination of' .03 No volatile inflammable liquids other than fuel oil these methods. shall be placed, stored, or used in any Group •C" - building, except small quantities as necessary in labora- .02 Natural Light and Ventilation: stories and such liquids shall be kept in tight or sealed • containers (approved ones) when not in use. Fuel oil stor- .01 Class rooms and study rooms shall have windows age shall comply with the requirements of'Chapter 34. and/or skylights having an area of not less than fifteen (15) percent of the floor area of each such .04 Gas service shall be separate to each fire division room and not less than fifty (50) percent of such windows and each such service shall have a separate shut-off shall open for ventilation. Auditorium, gymnasim e, locker valve located at a convenient and conspicuous place outside rooms, lunch rooms, toilet rooms and similar spaces shall the building. Where there is more than one such shut-off have windows and/or skylights, having an area of not less valve they shall be adequately marked. than ten (10) percent of the floor area of each such room when the windows are of such construction then they rermnit .05 The service of hazardous utilities shall conform to the use of the entire opening for ventilation and this area the provisions of Section 5.11.09 anc other portions shall be increased to not less than twelve and one-half(12Y) ? of' this Code applicable thereto. percent when the construction is such that only fifty (50) percent of the opening is available for ventilation. Inter- .06 Transformer vaults shall comply with she requirements mediate window area requirements shall be in direct proper. • of Section 8.34.09 and Part XI. tion. .07 Glass in lighting fixt.res or for any reason hung or .02 In buildings of Division I of Group"C, windows, overhead in auditoriums, gymnasiums, class roans, cor- to meet the requirements for light and venti riders or other such spaces shall be secured from feline; latlon, shall be so located that the walls o no buildings by approved methods. or portions of the same building, which are closer than "1fty (50) feet, shall extend above a line at forty-five (45) degrees to the horizontal from the sill of such window, 5.14.10 Signs, when used in connection with Group ^C" occupancies, nor shall any building be thereafter erected on the seem let SIGNS shall comply with the requirements of Part IX. or lots, which will reduce the light and ventilation of' army Group "C" building below the requirements of this Section. The possibility of' a new building or an addition to an ex- 5.1,1.11 Canvas, when used in connection with Gram ''C" occupancies, isting building on an adjoining lot shall be considered. CANVAS shall comply with the requirements of Part S. Such required courts shall be uuwbstructed except as provid ed in Chapter 31. 5.14.12 .01 Electrical installations shall comply with the re- .03 All class rooms, study rooms and other simnilnr ELECTRICAL quirements of Part XI. rooms shall have transoms, the full width of the door openings and not less than twelve (12) inches high, .02 Exit and emergency lights shall be insealled as spool- located over every door opening onto a camas corridor. Sixth fled in Section 7.28.09. transoms shall be hinged at the bottom and shall swing in. Louvred upper panels in doors or other effective substitutes .03 Auditorium lights shall be installed as specified in shall be permitted. Section 5.12.05.03. .0:3 Artificial Lighting: 5 14.13 .01 Plumbing: Plumbing installations stall comply with .01 Artificial lighting shall be by electricity and 4i4)9ANI- XII.WSItal the requirements of this Section and Part the number and arrangements of' such lights shall be such as to maintain not less than twenty (20) foot candles TATION in class or study rooms, nor less than ten (10) foot candles .02 Toilet Roars: in auditoriums, gymnasiums, locker roans, lunch.roars, toilet roars and other similar spaces. .01 Toilet rooms shall not open di:•ectly from any corridor, auditorium. dining room or other .02 In buildings of Division 1 of Group •C", emer crimson space, or from any kitchen, but shall contact thereto gency lights shall be provided in stairways, cor by means of'a private corridor or vestibule. riders and all other paths of' exit as specified in Section 7.26.09. .02 There shall be one (1) water closet or urinal for each fifteen (15) students. up to and in- . Artificial Ventilation; clueing one hundred and fifty (150) with an additional one • • (1) water closet or urinal for each twenty-five (25)students .01 Vent Shafts: Vertical ventilating shafts used thereafter. Such number of water closets and/or urinals to ventilate inside toilet rooms shall be divided to each sex End arranged in two (2) or more and glop sink compartments shall have a least Inside dimen- toilet roam. There shall be not less than cc* (1) lavatory sion of sixteen (16) inches and a least inside area of four to each two (2) water closets and urinals. (4) square feet. Such minimum shafts shall serve not less v __ than two (2) toilets, urinals or slop sinks and to such.min- • .03 All water closets for student use shall be imam size shall be added not less than seventy-two-442) • square inches for each additional toilet,uriral or slop sink equipped with open-front sects and shall be separated fran each otter anti from the rest of' the room by served by such shaft. The minimum grille opening from a toi- stalls of incombustible anti impervious materials, Such let roan or slop sink compartment to such shaft shall be two stalls shall be open at the top airl far at least twelve (I2) (2) square feet. Such minimum grille shall serve not more inches fear the floor for ventilation, and shall preferably than two (2) toilets, urinals or slop-sinks and to such min- be without doors. imum size shall be added not less than thirty-six (36) square inches for each additional toilet, urinal or slop sink served .04. The floors of all toilet rooms shell be of' tile by such grille. Grilles shall be located at. or near the or terrazzo or other impervietei material with a ceiling and shall be not less than eighty (8)) percent open. base of similar material around the walls et least four (4) When such toilet room is shut off fran other properly venti- inches high. lated portions of the building, there shall be an air inlet at or near the floor, having an area at least equal to that .05 Toilet rooms shall bear signs plainly indicating required for the outlet grille. for which sex the room is intended and separate • toilet roars shall be provided for tie teachers and for the .02 Mechanical Ventilation: Mechanical venntilating sys janitor. tents shall comply with the . • requirements of Part XIV and all such mechanical ventilating .03 Haste Storage: The provisions of Section 5.12.13.01 continuouslysystems shallbehept operating during all times shall also apply tc Grotto "C• Occu- that the building is in use or is occupied. pancles. • .0e Air-conditioning: Air-conditioning systems shall be as specified in Part XIII and all 15.14.14 .01 No school class room used for kindergarten, first or such air-conditioning systems shall be kept in continuous EXCEPTIONS second grade pupils, shall be locatec' above the first operation dur,ir1 all tines that the building is in use or is AND story above grade in any building of less than Type I con- occupied. DEVIATIONS struction. 5.14.08 01 All interior stair or rampexits in buildings which .02 An arcade camnecting buildings and used exclusively as ENCLOSLRE exceed two (2) stories in height shall be enclosed as a passageway,thep need net be considered r an ng,adjacent ig occupancy for the purpose o_ this Chapter; providing, that OF VERTICAL specified under Types or Construction in Part III and as the walls or the building adjoining the arceale are constructed Oi5NINGS. specified in Chapter 28; provided, however, that monumental as required for the exterior walls of tic bui:.ding and proviri- stairways which lead to the second floor only and which are ing that the arcade stall be construete* of' incombustible • not a required means or exit need not be enclosed. There materials of not less than two-hour fire-resistive rating. shall be no openings in required stair or ramp enclosures • ' other than entrance and exit doors and openings for ventila- tion. 5.14.15 Separations of' Group "C" occupancies from ell other°counpon- MIXED cies or divisions of occupancies shall be as specified in .01 All vertical openings for elevators shall be enclosed CX UPA1y Chapter 11. • a as specified under Types of Construction in Part III and in Chapter 29. .03 All vertical openings for ventilation or for other purposes shall be enclosed as specified under Types of . Construction in Part III. .04 Smoke-proof towers shall be enclosed as specified ureter Types of Construction in Part III and as Speci- fied In Chapter 28. 5.14.07 Platforms or rostrums constructed as part of'class rooms and PLTFORM not occupying more than fifteen (15) percent qS' the area of (tONSTRIC- the floor nay be constructed of combustible materials, pro- TION vided that in Buildings of Type I Construction, the main floor shall extend therkuncler for the full area thereof. • 5.14.08 Motion picture machines used•in any Group "C" building shall Ii0TION be provided for as specified in Section 5.13.06. PICTiRE MACHIEF13 • •. _. •-:e�_ . _ • . ......_.--._-.�. ._ -_ • am. : -------- 5.15. � ' bA 5.15.01 • l 'k ` .08 Floor exits shall be so arranged that there shall "D" BUILDINGS CHAPTER 15 - REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUPbe a path of exit in either direction from every room which is used or intended to be used for human occupan- cy and there shall be not more than seventy(70)feet in Typo 5.15.01 Group "D" Occupancies shall include: I buildings, sixty (00) feet in Type II buildings and fifty GROUP "D" (50) feet inType III buildings between any room exit and an OCCUPANCY .01 Division 1. Jails, prisons, reformatories. exit fran the floor. DEFINED houses of correction, asylums for the insane or feeble-minded, the parts of police sta- •07 Exits from floors other than the first or groun' times where more than ten (10) persons may he detained ant: floor shall have a combined width at every floor, similar detention buildings. not less than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch unit of exit width for each forty-five hundred (4500) square feet or major .02 Division 2. Hospitals, sanitariums, orphan- fraction thereof, of gross floor area served thereby on that. ages, nurseries, homes for the floor and such combined width shall be proportioned in full aged or infirm and similar buildings having sleeping acco- units to two (2) or more floor exits as may be required by nmodations for more than ten (10) persons. distance limitations; provided, however, that no required floor exit in buildings for hospital or infirmary uses shall have a width less than forty-eight (4b) inches, nor for other '5.15.02 .01 Buildings of use opts ofabbuildings of occupancyclassed as Grl oup r"mD"" uses in Group"D"occupancy, less than forty-four (44) inches. C(HVS'IRUC e m TION, }EIGHT to the following specific requirements: .08 Exits from the first or ground floor shall have AND AREA a combined width not less than one (1) twenty ALLOWABIE A;AXP..!V.1 FIRE. AREA (20) inch unit of exit width for each forty-five hundred TUT HEIGHT STORIES BUILDING FRONTING ON (4500) square feet or major fraction thereof, of gross floor • 1,Street 2 ytreets J.Streets area on that floor, plus one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for every unit of exit width from floors above 1 150 14 Not limited hereby which exits therethrough and plus one (1) twenty. (20) inch II 40 2 10,000 12,500 15,000 of exit width for every unit of exit width from any basement • III 30 2 5,000 6,250 7,500 or auditorium which may exit therethrough; provided, however) that no required exit from the first or ground floor shall NOTE: For the purpose of determining allowable floor areas have a width less than four (4) feet. and/or exit arrangement, an alleyll through shall block and not less than twenty (20) 03 Corridors: sidered as a street. .01 Exits from rooms or other sub-divisions for ' .02 All buildings of Division 1 of Group "D" shall be of human occupancy shall open directly onto a , Type I Construction, throughout. floor exit or shall connect thereto by means of corridors .''1 which have a width not less than five (5) feet nor less .03 All buildings classed in Division 2 of Group "D" shall than four (4) inches for every four hundred (400) square have a minimum of one-hour fire protection for all feet or major fraction thereof, of floor area which has partitions. floors and/or ceilings, as specified in Chapter access to such corridors; provided, however, that where 32. rooms or other sub-divisions of the building have access to two (2) or more independent corridors or exits, the floor .04 Basements located under buildings of Division 2 of area of such space or spaces used in calculatinlg the requir- Group "D" shall be of Type I Construction throughout. ed corridor widths shall be proportionate to the width of exits from such space or spaces opening thereon. .05 For purposes of determining exit and fire protection reauiren'ents and arrangement, each required fire divi- .02 There shall be no lead ends in exit corridors sion shall separately meet the requirements of this Chapter. nor shall they be obstructed in any manner so as to decrease the required widths, except as provided in Chapter 28. 5.15.00 .01 Location on the property shall comply with the Zoning LOCATION Ordinance and the following specific requirements: .04 Doom Exits: ON l4i0llTY .01 All Group "D" buildings shall front directly .01 Rooms, suites of rooms or other sumo-divisions upon at least one (1) public street not less for human occupancy, which have a floor area than fifty (50) feet wide or upon a yard which is forty less than fotr.hurdred (400) square feet may have one exit, (40) feet or more in width to the adjacent property line or but such rocs or spaces which have four hundred. square to another building and which has clear access to a street, d (4feet or more shall have not less than two (2) remote exits in which front shall be located the main entrance and exit which shall open onto a floor exit or shall connect thereto of such building. by means of corridors as specified in Section 5.15.04.03. .02 All exterior walls or parts of walls of Group .02 Doom exit doors shall have a width not less than "D"buildings, which are less than five (5) feet four (4) feet for hospital or infirmary sec.tie-s from the adjacent building line of a contiguous lot or less nor less than three (3) feet for other sections; nor shall than five (5) feet from another building or portion of the the combined width of exit doors from any space for human un I+ sans building on the same lot or lots shall have no opening occupancy be less than four (4) inches for each four hundred therein. All openings in exterior walls which are five (5) feet or,ire�s,_u loss than ten (10).feet.from the adjacent (loch square feet or major fraction thereof. of gross floor ,;�.._ „•.-xe vu...a*uuuo quo lave CC., or w.w, floc:r area within such roomers or spaces. b less than ten (10) feet from another building or portion tc the sane building on the same lot or lots shall have fire- .03 ^eons in basements for hur+an occupancy shall resistive doors and/or windows as specified in Chapter 32. tree exits as specified above; except that one cxit.c'irectly to the exterior shall be accessible from every .02 The requirements of this Section pertaining to the such room or since. prohibition or protection of openings may be waived by the Chief Building Inspector as provided in Section 5.12.03 .o5 Doors anxh. Gates: .02. .01 All doors, located in any common path of exit, shall have a clear height not less than six 5.15.04 .01 General: ( feet and eight inches (C'-b") and shall swirl" in the direc- E7tIT FA tion of exit travel. This requirement for the direction of CII,ITIES .01 Every Group "D" Building shall front on a street swing shall not apply to doors opening out of senareted or yard as provided in Section 5.15.03.01 and rooms or other spaces having a cross floor area of seven • shall have not less than two (2) separate and remote Deans hundred and fifty (750) square.Feet or less, of exit from every floor, regardless of height, area and/or Type of Construction. Additional exits and arrangement shall .02 rxcert in places of forcible detention, latches conform to the requirements under Types of Construction in used on exit doors shall be of self-releading Part III, to the provisions of Chapter 28 and to the follow- type such as panic bolts or similar devices which will pyr,• irg specific requirements. mit the door to open when pressed against. .02 Where two (2) or more occupancies, having units .03 ';oors shall'have minimum widths as snecifie(t In of exit width based on different density of this Section and in Chapter 28. and shall be so' human occupancy, occur on the sane or different floors, the installed as rout, 1n any way. to decrease the required exits shall be determined as provided in Section 5.11.10. widths of any opening, passageway court or corridor. .02 Floor Exits: .04 Fire doors shall be installed where and as spe- cified under Types of Construction in Part III, .01 Floor exits shall be by means of interior or . in Chapter 2b and in Chapter 32. outside stairways or ramps, smoke-proof towers, horizontal exits or doorways at or near grade which discharge ,00 Passageways: Passageways, as referred to or required directly onto a street or other similar public space. Build- by this Section. shall be of Type I con- ings which are three (3) stories or more in height shall have struction and shall have a clear height not less than eight not less than fifty (50) percent of the required exits from , . (b) feet. ;uch passageways shall have a clear width not less floors above the first or ground floor by means of interior than one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for every enclosed stairways or ramps and buildings which are four (4) . unit of exit width which exits therethrough. or more stories high shall have not less than fifty (50) percent of the exits from floors above the first or ground .07 Courts: Courts or yards which are used as paths of floor by means of smoke-proof towers. exit shall have a clear width not less than specified for passageways in Section 5.15.04.00. • .02 Interior enclosed stairways or ramps and/or smoke-proof towers, when required shall be con-: .08 Exit Signs: All exits shall be marked with exit strutted as specified in Chapter 28 and shall be so located signs as specified in Section 7.28.0D that they shall be directly accessible from every point in: and the electrical installations shall be as required in the building and such exits shall discharge onto a street Part XI. or other similar space or shall connect thereto by means , of a passageway, corridor or court where enclosed stairways .09 Exceptions: or ramps are used and by means of a passageway, where smoke-. • proof towers are used. .01 Buildings for Group "D" occupancy. except hos- • �x vitals and infirmary buildings, not exceeding .03 Outside stairways or ramps shall be constructed ,, two (2) stories and which have a floor area not exceeding • as specified in Section 7.28.02.07; except that' forty-five hundred (450n) square feet on the second floor for Group "D" occupancies, outside stairways or ramps shall may have one stairway only; provided that such stairway • not be used on buildings which exceed three (3) stories in shall be constructed on incombustible materials and shall be height. Such outside stairways or ramps shall discharge di- . enclosed with not less than two-har fire••resistive corstrtnc- rectly onto a street or other similar public space or shall ti through the lower floor, that it shall discharge directly, ii connect thereto by means of a court. to lLhme exterior and aha.�l have a width not Lela than forty h�,. fgri (44) Inches and that it shall be so located that it 14 .04 Horizontal exits shall be constructed as shall not hr, more than twenty-five (25) feet between any 1,'k pro- vided in Section 7.28.05. room door arra Such stairway. Any door opaning from such enclosure to the inteflor at the first floor shall be fire- i. .OS Not more than one required exit from any sepnr- resistive ani shall be automatic or self closing as specified • ated exit area or sub-division of the building in Chapter 33- shall open onto any court yard or passageway unless such, la ' court yard or passageway be open on both ends to a street or ,02 Such buildings which exceedtwo (2) stories bus' other similar public space. which have a floor area not in excess of forty-• t 4 'L.. .. 7n 5.15.04 5.15.07 five hundred (4500) square feet on any floor above the first shall have two (2) remote floor exits, from floors above the first, complying with the requirements of this Section. .OS: Smoke-proof towers shall be enclosed as specified except that such exits may have a wirith not less than thirty- under Types of Construction in Part III and as spe- six (30) inches. rifled in Chapter 28. .03 Rooms in basements for human occupancy Beall ?ave exits as specified above; except that on:: 5.15.08 Motione ufo pas pec used in any Group 13. building shall exit, directly to the exterior shall bemaccessible frrmm NOTION be provided for as specified in 5ectlal 5.13.08. such room or space. PICTURE WACHIME8 5.15.05 .01 General: Roans used for sleeping and livin purposes, LIGHT AM) locker rooms, dining roars, kitchens. to1- FI1E .0]. Standpipes and fire extinguishers :nlmll be installer' VENTILATION let roars and all other spaces ordinarily for human occupan- FIRE AND as specified in Chapter 33. cy shall be provided with light and ventilation, either TION AND NA7 naturally by means of exterior doors, wind ows and/or sky- Alln6 •02 Chimneys and heating apparatus wheal conform to the lights, or artificially by means of electric lights and requirements of Chapter 34. mechanical ventilating or air-conditioning systems or any suitable combination of these methods, .00 No volatile inflammable liquids steer than fuel oil, shall be placed, stored or used in any Group "D" .02 Natural Light and Ventilation: building except that an amount not exceeding one (1) gallon shall be permitted when such liquids are kept in tight or .01 Windows shall have an area equal to not less sealed approved containers. Fuel oil st rage shall comply than ten (10) percent of the floor area of each with the reaudremrsnts of Chapter 31. room or space when the windows are of such construction that they Hermit the use of the entire opening for ventilation. •04 The service of hazardous utilities shall conform to This area shallbe Increased to not less than twelve and one- the provisions of Section 5.17.08 monad other portions half (12*) percent when the construction is such that only of this Cale, applicable thereto. fifty (5C) percent of the opening is available for ventil- ation. Intermediate window area requirements shall be in .05 ofTr Section vaults shall comply:vita the requirements direct proportion. of Section 8.34.09 and Part XI. .02 Fvery window, to meet the requirements for light . .05 Glass in lighting fixtures or for any reason hung or and ventilation, the sill of which is not more overhead in any common spaces shall be secured from then thirty (30) feet above grade, shall be not closer than falling by approved methods. ten (10) feet to the adjacent building line of a contiguous lot or closer than ten (10) feet to another building or por- 5.15.10 Signs, when used in connection with Grote "D" occupancies Lion of the sane building on the sane lot or lots. To meet SIGNS shall comply with the requirements of Part IX. the requirements for light and ventilation, every window, the sill of which is thirty (30) feet or more above grade, shall be not closer than ten (10) feet plus twenty (20) per- 5.15.11 Canvas, when used in connection with Groul "D" occupancies, cent of all excess above thirty (J0) feet to an adjoining CANVAS shall comply with the requirements of Par; X. building line or closer than ten (10) feet plus thirty (30) percent of such excess, to another building or portion of the sane building on the same lot or lots. Allsuch measure- 5.15.12 .01 Electrical installations shall comply with the re- 'rents from windows to adjoining building lines, other build- ELECTRICAL quirements of Part XI. inas or portions of the same buildings shall be taken per- pendicular to the wall or walls in which such windows occur, .02 Exit end emergency lights shall be installed as see- and such courts shall be unobstructed except as provided in cified In Section 7.28.09. Chapter J3. . 1 .03 All sleeping rocs, living rooms, dining moons, 5.15.13 .01 Plumbing; Plumbing installations shill camplywith the or other similar rooms shall have transoms t"-' PLOWING AM) requirements of this Section and Part XII. full width of the door openings end not less than twelve (121 SANITATION inches high, located over every door opening onto a common .02 Toilet Rooms: corridor. Such transoms shall be hinged at the bottom and shall swing in. Louvred upper panels in doors or other i .01 Toilet rooms shall not open lirectly from any effective substitutes shall be permitted. I corridors, dining room or other common space, 04 Artificial Li hti nor from any kitchen, but shall connect thereto by means or g a private corridor or vestibule. • .01 Artificial lighting shall be by electricity a& .02 Toilet facilities shall be providers within the the number and arrangement of such lights shall building on the basis of one (1) water closet be such as to maintain not less than ten (10) foot candles or urinal to each fifteen (15) persons on any one floor. in sleeping rooms, living rooms, assembly rooms, loc.rem There shall be one (1) lavatory ate. ore (1) bath or shower rooms, toilet rooms and other li!;e places. to each two (2) water closets or urinals. Such number of facilities shall, when necessary, be (fielded to each sex and arranged in two (2) or more toilet rceree These require- .02 F)mergerey..lights shall be provided in stairways, wants are independent of and in addition to facilities pro- corridoell..ernd all other pathe of exit as specs- vided by means of private toilet reeve. In no case shall fied in Section 7.28.0E. there be less than one (1) toilet roan, ccntaining at least one (11 water closet, ore (1) lavatory arrl one (1) shower or .04 Artificial Ventilation: bath on each floor for each sex using that floor. .01 Vent Shafts: Vertical ventilating shafts used .03 All water closets for general use shall be to ventilate toilet rooms and equipped with open front seats and shall be my slop-sink compartments shall have a least dimension of six- separated free each other and from the rent of the room by teen (18) inches and a least area of four (4) square feet. stalls of incombustible and impervious materials. Such S.ch minimum shaft shall serve not more than two(2) toilets, ste ns shall be equipped with self-closinc doors and shall urinals or slop-sinks and to such mininmmm size shall be ade- be open at the top and for et least twelve (12) inches from ed not less than seventy-two (72) square inches for each the floor for ventilation. additional toilet, urinal or slop sink served by such shaft. The minimun grille opening from a toilet room or slop sink .04 The floors of all to?.let roars shallbe of tile compartment shall be two (2) square feet. Such minimum or terrazzo or other impervious material with grille shall serve not more than two (2) toilets, urinals or a base of similar material around the walla at least four slop sinks and to such minimum size shall be added not less (4) inches high. than thirty-six (36) square Inches for each additional toi- let urinal or slop sink served by such grille. Grilles .05 Toilet roomshell bear signs plainly indicating shall be located at or near the ceiling and shall be not for which sex the room is interderl and separate less than eighty (80) percent open. When such toilet rooms toilet rooms shall be proviced for attendants, nurses, dec- or slop sink compartments are shut off from other properly tors, janitors as may be required. ventilated portions of the building, there shall be an air inlet at or rear the floor having an area at least equal to .06 Cells and similar spaces in jails, roformetor- • that required for the outlet grille. les and other places of forcible detention shall be exempt from such provisions of this Section as may be in • .02 Mechanical Ventilation: Mechanical ventilating conflict with recognized ar-angement. systems shall comply with the requirements of Part XIV and all such mechanical .03 Screening: Sleeping rooms, living rooms, toilet ventilating systems shall be kept in operation continuously roans are, all other such spaces shall be during all tines that the building is in use or is occupied. effectively screened, either individually or collectively, with eighteen (18) mesh screening; provided, that dintng Y►• .03 Air-conditioning: Air-conditionine systems rooms and kitchens shall be separately screened from each shall be as specified in other and from all other parts of the beilding Screen Part XIII and all such air-conditioning systems shall be doors as required shall be equipped with self-closing de- kept in continuous operation during all times that the vices. building is in use or is occupied. .04 Kitchens: iitchens and sub-divisions thereof shall have hard smooth plaster walls and ceil-7 5.15.00 No root' used for sleeping purposes, shall have a width of ings from•the floor up whiee shall be finished with a wash- 1(OOWS less than seven (7) feet, a floor area of less than seventy able enamel paint, or the equivalent. The floors of such (7I;) feet, nor an average height of less than sit (is)'feet; kitchens or sub-divisions thereof shall be of impervious nor shall there be less than fifty (50) square feet of floor material with a sanitary dustless surface, and a base of area ineach room for each person sleeping therein at any one similar materials net less than six (6) inches high around tine. Roos, the floor of which is more than two (2) feet all walls. below Trade or roars which open directly onto a kitchen shall not bemused for sleeping purposes. Cells and similar spaces .05 llsste Storage: The provisions of Section 5.12.13.04 in jails or reformatories, shall be exempt from such orovi- shall also apply to Group "U" Occu- sions of this Section as way be in conflict with recognized panties. • practice. . 5.15.14 Separations of Groupeee" occupancies or divisions thereof 'E15.07 .01 All interior stairways or ramps in buildings which ex- 14LX1D from fr all ether occupalleies or divisions of occupancies shall NCLOSURE ceed two (2) stories in height shall be enclosed as (MUMMY be specified in Chapter 11. OF..VERTICAL specified under Types of Construction in Part III and in 0ilNINOS Chapter 28; provided, however, that monumental stairways which lead to the second floor only and which are not re- • ! no iopenintgs in required stair red meara of exit need toeramps enclosures other enclosed. There lthan the entrance and exit doors and openings for ventilation. .02 All vertical openings for elevators shall be enclosed as specified under Types of Construction in Part III /.. and Chapter 29. .03 All vertical openings for ventilation or for other ..,�.. purposes shall be enclosed as specified under Types e , • of Construction in Part III. . ..•. e 5.16.04 ... ' I .05 Not more then one required exit from any se ated exit area or sub-division of the buildingCHAPTER 16 - REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "E" BUILDINGS ' shall open onto any one court, yard orn passageway eryrdswto a�' such court, yard or passageway ope Group "E" Occupancies shall include: street or other similar public space. . OROU5.18.01 .01 " arranged to provide the "E• rivate garages of more .Oe Floor exits shall be OCCUPANCY .01 Division 1. Public and p greatest accessibility and so that there shall DEFINED than four (4) cars capacity, aril not be more than one hundred (100) feet in buildings of Type air-craft hangers. i Construction or ninety (90) feet in buildings of Type II .02 Division 2. Planing mills, wood-working shops, Construction from any part of any floor to an exit from that paint shops and similar hazardous floor. occupancies. .07 Exits from floors other than the first or ground Buildings or portions of buildings floor shall have a combined width at such floors, 03 division 3. for the storage of hazardous, vol- for factory or similar occupancies not less than one (1) atile inflammable or explosive material and/or liquids, gas- twenty-two (22) inch unit of exit width for every six thou- s -cleaning planes using volatile sand (e0)0) square feet or major fraction thereof'. and for inflolina filling can lgnf ui ry warehouses or similar occupancies not less than one (1) inflarmieble cleaning fluids. twenty-two (22) inch unit of exit width for every nine thou- le liquids shall be deemed to be fix se with a sand (9U00) squat, feet or major fraction thereof, of gross .02 Inflammable qqy de tees flash-point et below oney hundredland ninety g floor rt proportioned in that fullfloor units and two (2)such or more floor exits as ' bined width shall be Fahrenheit as determined by the closed cup may beb required by distance limitations; provided, however that no required floor exit shall have a width less the: 5.18.0¢ .01 rigs or pa rt of buildings classed in Group "F" forty-four (44) inches. ONSTRUCTION, because of use or ter of emenpancy shall con- 08 Exits .from the first or ground floor shall have HEIGHT APO form to the following specifica combined width, for factory or similar cx cu- • 4REA ma y_ panties not less than one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit. �� tpXltlG FIRE AREA width for every six thousand (0000) square feet or major Tyne. (EIO)if $TORIFS Street 2NG Streets 0t fraction thereof, and for warehouses not less than one (1) 1. $treats 3 Streets twenty (20) Inch unit of exit width for every nine thousand 15,000 20,000 (9000) square feet or major fraction thereof', of gross fl am 10,000 10,000 area on that floor. plus one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of I 100 107,500 12,5110 exit width for every unit of exit width from floors above IIwhich exit therethrough and plus one (1) twenty (20) inch NOTE: For the purpose of determining allo`s�bl�eghl r an etire a unit of exit width for every unit of extwid however,rom and/or exit arrangement. an feet wideshall be con- basement which may exit therethrough; provided, block and not less than twenty (20) that no required exit from the first rsttor ground floor shall aliened as a street. have a width less than three (3) .02 Buildings classed in Divisions 1sandy2 of Group the ,p3 Corridors: and which do not exceed one (1) fire-proofing omitted from main structural meebers provided .01 Corridors, used as paths of exit, shall have that such buildings are constructed entirely of incombustiblea width not less than forty-fora' (44) inches, materials; and basements located•under any such buildings nor less than four (4) inches for every four hundred (41:0) shall be of Type I construction throughout. square feet or major fraction thereof, of room area served thereby and calculated between floor exits. There shallbe ,00 All buildings classed in Division 3 of Group "E" shall no dead-ends in exit corridors more than twenty (2 tl feet be of Type I Construction throughout. beyond any floor exit or any other corridor which has two .04 For purposes of determining exit and fire protection (2) remote exits. requirements and arrangement. each required fire .02 Corridors shall not be obstructed In any manner division shall separately meet the requirements of thisso as to decrease the required widths, except Chapter. as provided in Chapter 28. • i.O l .01 Location on the property shall comply with the Zonir .04 Room Exits: Ordinance and the following specific requirements: 01 Roams or other separated spaces for Mures occu- IACATION ON panty or use. which hewn a floor area less than FR01 IlTY .O1 All exterior walls or parts of walls of,Gfeet. four hundred (400) square feet. may have one exit, but such reee m" buildings, which are lessn than five or r� or spaces which have four hundred (400) square feet or from ftive adjacent(5) building of a contiguous onnut lot or less more shall have not less than two (2) remote exits, which than s ifeet fromopenings stthe building 1 thed sans lot shall open onto a floor exit or shall connect thereto by lots shall hich no five tfeet oor more � less than ton means of corridors as specified in Section 5.18.04.03 and for walls which are Iva (5) which exits shall be so arranged that the distance limita- tions of Section 5.16.04.02 shall be co plied with. feet or more, but less_t,_, j • lot or five_-(5) .02 Room exit doors shall have a width not lees than three (3) feet nor less that four (4) inches far from another buildingoor / the same lot or lots in Chapter every four hundred(400)square feet or major fraction there- 3ire-resistive doors and/or windows as specifiedP of of gross floor area within such rooms or spaces. 32• .03 Roans in basements for human occupancy or use .02 Theo requirements of this Section of openings shall have exits as specified above; except that to the prohibition or protection s provided one exit, directly to the exterior shall be accessible tram may be waived. by2. 3. Chief Building Inspector as provided every such room or space. 1. is Section 5.12.03.02. .05 Doors and Gates: 16 tYl .01 General:li.liT .01 All doors, located in any common path of exit, oshall have a clear height not less than six feet g.,,;r.,,rilS .01 Not less than the (r) separate and remoe means and eight inches (6'-8") and shall swing in the direction of of exit shall eg provided o from every floorand/orir exit travel. This requirement for the direction of swing every Group tr building, regardless and area shall not apply to doors opening out of separated rooms or type of construction. Additional exits and arrangement other spaces having a gross floor area of seven hundred a:d shall conform III, the requirementsoii underofChapter Types of Construe- fifty (750) square feet or less. t i,,n in Part to the provisions of 28 and to the following specific requirements. .02 Latches, used on exit doors, shall be of self- releasing type such as panic bolts or similar 02 Where two or more different noses, having unitsea , devices which will permit the door to open when pressed of exit width based on different floor areas, against. occur on the sane or different floors, the exits shall be determined as provided in Section 5.11.10. .03 Doors shall have minim vn width as specified in this Section, and in Chapter 28, anct shall be -n3 Ramps used for the movement of automobiles or so installed as not. In any way, to decrease the required other similar vehicles or materialsfrom one widths of any opening, passageway, court or corridor. ftaor to another shall not be considered as requiredLacars of exit. Such ramps shall be enclosed as specified in .04 Fire doors shall be installed where and as spe- d t notless thani shall meet the ground floor level at cified under Types of Construction in Part III a point twenty (20) feet from any perpendic- in Chapter 28 and in Chapter 32. u.trur street lines. .00 Passageways: Passageways, as referred to or required3 .02 Floor flu its: by this Section, shall be of Type I .01 Floor exits shall be by means 'of interior or Construction and shall have a clear height of not less than outside stairways or ramps, smoke-Proof towers eight (8) feet. Such passageways shall have a clear width nod less than one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width horizontal exits or doorways which are at or near grade and for every unit of exit width which exits therethrough. which discharge directly onto a street or other similar . public space or onto a court or passageway which connects to 0 7 Courts: Courts or yards which are used as paths of such public space. Buildings which are three (3) or more exit shall have a clear width not less than stories high shall have not ess than fifty (50) percent of specified for passageways shal in Section width n. the required exits from floors above the first, by means of enclosed interior stairways or ramps,artbuildi gs which are .08 Exit Signs: Floors or sub-divisions or floors at six (G) or more stories high shall have not less than fifty or near the ground level having a floor (50) percent of the exits from floors above the first, by area of over five thousand (,'5000)squiere feet and every flop means of smoke-proof towers. or sub-division thereof, above the ground floor having an area of over twenty-five hundred (2500) square feet shall .02 Interior enclosed stairways or ramps and/or have all exits therefrom marked with exit sig.'s as specified smoke-proof Lowers, as maybe required, shall be Sn Section 7.28.0$ provided, however, that where ouch exit cored that tied as specified in Chapter 28 and shall be so lo- signs are required for floors above the grouts floor they , c,tr.ed t at least one such stairway or tower shall be directly ccessible from every point in the building and shall also be'irstalled at the ground floor exits. such exits shall discharge directl'yy.''onto a street or ether 08 Exceptions: similar public space or shall conne4tethereto by means of a passageway. corridor or court where.enclosed stairways or .01 )luildinigs for Group "E" occupancy, not exceeding T. ramps are used and byed means of a passageway, where smoke- two (2) stories and havlrg a floor area not ex- t;roof towers are used. ceeditlq three thousand (3000) square feet, for factories and 03 Outside stairwaysor rampsshall be constructed similar occupancies, or forty-five hundred (4500)square feet for ware-houses or similar occupancies, on the second floor, as specified in Section and such out- may have one stairway only; provided that suich stairway shall -:ids stairways or ramps shall discharge directly onto a be constructed of incombrstible materiels and shall he en- st.reet or ether similar public space or shall connect there- closed with not less than two-hour fire-resistive construe- • Cn by means of a court or genii tion through the lower floor, that it shall discharge di- rectly to the exterior and shall have a width not less than .04 Hor,,iz Int Sectiots shall be constructed as s?eci- :Forty-tau (44) inches, and that it shall be so located that tied in Section 7.28.05. 5 5.16.06 .16.04 .G2 Pumps for the movement of motor vehicles or :aterials • it shall be not more than thirty-five (35) feet for factor- from one floor to another shall he enclosed and/or ies end similar occupancy nor fifty(50) feet for ware houses stall be equipped with self-closing fire doors at each floor and similar occupancies from any point on the second floor of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction as to the stairway. Any door opening from such enclosure to specified in Chapter 32. the interior at the first floor shall be fire-resistive construction as specified in Chapter 32, and shall be auto- .03 A1.1 vertical openings for elevators shall he enclosed 1 ' matte or self-closing. Group "E" Buildings which exceed two as specified under Types of Const:uction in Part 1I1 anri Chapter stories but which have a floor area net in excess of 29. three thousand (3000) square feet for factories and similar occupancies or forty-five hundred (4500) square feet for .04 All vertical openings for ventilation or for other ware houses or similar occupancies, on any floor, shall have purposes shall be enclosed as specified under Types two (2) remote floor exits prom floors above the first, corms- of Construction in Part :II. • plying with the requirements of this Section, except that such exits may have a width not less than thirty-six (3e) .C6 Smoke-proof towers shall be enclosed as specified i inches. rimed in vderrpter TypesSof Construction in Part III and as speci- 5.16.06 .01 General: All buildings or portions of buildings • LI0l1I' AND classed in Group"E"occupancy which are 5.16.07R .01 Standpipes and fire er 33. ishers shall be installed VEhTIIATION customarily for hull= occupancy shall be providers with light 611E PRO as specified in Chapter 33 and ventilation either naturally by means of exterior doors. 1ECTION AND windows and/ar skylights,or'artificially by means of electric WARDS .02 Chimneys and heating apparatus shall conform to the lights anti mechanical ventilating or air-conditioning rya- requirements of Chrpter 34. tens or any suitable combination of these methods: .03 In filling stations and at all other places where in- .02 Natural Light and Ventilation: fiarmable liquids are dispensed to the public, and in all dry-cleaning plants, the storage of inflammable liquids .01 Windows: Windows shall have an area equal to except for small quantities, not to exceed one (1) gallon, • not less than ten (10) percent of shall be in tatter-ground tanks complying with the require- tee floor area of each room or space when the windows are of ments of Chapter 34. Inflammable llcuids in the tanks of such construction that they permit the use of the entire motor vehicles shall not be restricted en amount. Storage opening for ventilation. This area shall be increased to roans, for bulk storage or paints shall have the walls and not less than twelve and one-half (12 ) percent when the ceilings of not less than two-hour firs-•esistive construe:.. construction is such that only fifty (50) percent of the • tion and all openings in the walls protected with fire- opening is available for ventilation. Intermediate window resistive windows and/or doors. requirements shall be In direct proportion. OI Each machine in dry-cleaning ants which uses a vola- tile inflammable ,uid shalllhave an mm adequate steam .02 Every window, to meet the requirements for line connected to it so arranged y light and ventilation• the $111 of which is not the machine with steam in case of afsi to automatically fill. more than thirty (30) feet above ..rule, shall be not closer than ten (10) feet to the adjacent building line or closer than ten (10) feet to another building or portion of the stalled tr operated in any building of Divisions 1 and •03 No carbustion heater or such apparatus shall be in- sane building on the same lot or lots. To meet the require- ments for light and ventilation, every window, the sill of 3 of Group "E" occupancies. which Is thirty (30) feet or more above evade, shall be not .05 The service of hazardous utilities shall conform to closer than ten (10) feet plus twenty (20) percent of all the provisions of Section 5.11.0E and other portions excess above thirty (30) feet, to an adjoining building line of this Code applicable thereto. or closer than ten(10)feet plus thirty (30) percent of such excess, to another building or portion of the sane buildirt" 07 Transferrer vaults shall comply with the requtlremenls on the sass lot or lots. All such measurements fran windows of Section 8.34.09 and Part XI. to adjoining building lines, other buildings cr portions of the sane building shallbe taken perpendicular to the wall or walls in which such windows occur, and such required courts 5 16.08 Si:tns, when used in connection with Group" "occupancies, shall be unobstructed except as provided in Chapter 33. SIGNS shall conform to the requirements of Pat IX. .03 All rooms or spaces for human use or occupancy shall have transoms the full width of the door 5 16.09 Canvas, when used in connection with Grotp "F" occupancies, opening and not less than twelve (12) inches high, locatee CAT'VAS shall conform to the requirements of Part X. over every dour opening onto a common corridor or common space. Such transoms shall be hinged at the bottom and shall swing in. Louvred upper panels in doors or other effective 5.16.10 .01 Electrical installations shall comply with the re- substitutes shall be allowed. ELECTRICAL ouirements of Part Xl. .04 Buildings or portions of buildings in which any .02 Exit and emergency lights shall be installed as spa_ inflammable, volatile liquids are theca or stored cified in Section 1..35.0E shall be vented at the floor level by means of vent holes through the exterior walls,which vents shall nave t combined _._. area not less than one-tenth(1/10) Percent o'.' tie• '':nor area ,.16.11 .01 Plumbing: Plumbing installations shall comply p of such space. This requirement shall be waived where mach 's I the requirements of th;s Section and par anical ventilation ducts are providedes specified in Section :11) SANI `::'I• 5.16.05.04.02.02. AT ION .02 Toilet Roars: • .03 Artificial Lighting: .01 Toilet facilities shall be provided within the .01 Artificial lighting shall be by electricity and to thirty based on one (2) wa er closet or urinal the number and arrangement of such lights shall shall each one y ( ))) pesons on any one (1) floor. There be such es to maintain not less than five (5) foot candles (1) lavatory to each two (2) water closets or in every portion of the building used by or for the acco- mmodations urinals and such number of facilities stall. when rocesaer,l of humans. be divided to each sex and arranged In two (2) or more toilet roars. In no case shall there be less then one (1) .02 Emergency lights shall be provided in stairways, toilet room, containing at least one (:.) water clonnsgget and Section con 7.2rs and all other parts of exit as specs- one (1) Toilet mare shal on l hear h slgnr srplminlysex indicating for fied in ?.28.0& which sex the roars are intended. • .04 Artificial Ventilation: .02 All water closets for general use shall be .01 Vent Shafts: Vertical ventilating shafts used equipped with open front seats and shall be to ventilate toilet roans and separated from each other and from the est of the room: by slop-sink compartments shall have a least dimension of six- stalls of incombustible and impervious materials. Suchteen (16) inches and a least area of four (4) square feet. stalls shall be equipped with a self-closing door and shall Such minimum shaft shall serve not more than two (2) toilets, be open at the top and for at least twelve ,12) inches from urinals or slop sinks and to such minimum size shall be add- the floor for ventilatione ed not less then seventy-two (72) square inches for each ad- ditional toilet urinal or slop sink served by such shaft. 03 The floors of all toilet rocs shall be of tile, • The minimum grille opening from a toilet room or slop sink cement, terrazzo or other impervious materials compartment shall be two (2) square feet. Such minimum with a base of similar materials around the walls at least grille shall serve not more than two (2) toilets, urinals or fora (4) inches high. slop-sinks and to such minion m size shall be added not less than thirty-six (38) s inches for each additional tot- .03 Screening: All toilet roans stall have all openirtzs let, urinal or slop-s nk served by such grille. Grilles screened with eiehtlen (18) mesh wire shall be located at or near the ceiling and shall be not less screening. Screen doors shell be equipped with self-closing than eighty (60) percent open. When such toilet roams or devices. slop sink compartments are shut off from other properly ven- tilated portions of the building, there shall he an air in- .04 Kitchens: The previsions of Sections 5.16.13.01shaIl let at or near the floor having an area at least equal to also apply to Group "E" Occupancies. that required for the outlet grille. .05 haste Storage: The rrovisions of Section 5.12.13.04 .02 Mechanical Ventilations: shall also apply to Group "E" occu- pancies. .01 Mechanical ventilating systems shall com- ply with the requirements of Part XIV and e.,e ,.e Separation of GroupI such mechanical ventilating systems shall be kept in opera- Pa "E" occupancies CT divisions thereof, tion continuously during all times that the building is in' MIXED from all other occupancies or divisions of occupancies shall use or is occupied. OCCUPANCY be as specified in Chapter 11. .02 When natural ventilating ducts are not provided at the floor level of buildings or portions of building used for the storage or handling of motor vehicles or inflammable volatile liquids as specified in Section 5.10.05.02.04, mechanical ventilating ducts shall be provided near the floor level to adequately dispose of any possible accumulation of gases and such ducts shall be protected by automatic fire shutters. .03 Air-Conditioning: Air-conditioning sys- tems shall be as spe- cified in Part XIII and such air-cgonditioning systems shall be kept in continuous operation>1lering all times that the building is in use or is occupied. 5.16.06 .01 All interior stairways or ramps in buildings which ex- ENCLOSURE ceed two (2) stories in height shall be enclosed as OF VERTICAL specified under Types of Construction in Part III and in OPENINGS Chapter 28. . - - . •- drs+dwwrrrmsdmINIMmwdwIIIdn :.,:,"tar.` --,- ... - - ------- - ' 5.I7,04` .; 5.17.0f i _ � ,. " " Ol Retail stores and other similar occlrciee,' CHAPTER 17 - REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP F BUILDINGS located on floors above the first or floor, shall have exits with a combined width at each floor 5.17.01 scup "F" Occupancies shall include: not less than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch"unit oP exit width GROUP "F" for every eighteen hundred (18D0) square feet or major frac- OCCUPAICY .C1 Division 1. Office buildings, restaurants, lion thereof, of grass floor area of that floor and such can- 1�FI1>ED retail stores, parlors, fire- bined width shall be proportioned in full units to two (2) or • stations, museums and libraries not included in Group "B" more floor exits as maybe required by distance limitations are rolice stations not included in Groom "D". provided, that no such required floor exit shall have a width less than forty-four (44) inches. .02 Division 2. Wholesale stores, factories and .02 Bargain basements and other retail stores or work shops using materials whichg are not highly inflammable and printing shops. similar occupancies located in basements shall have exits, the combined width of which shall be not .03 Division 3. Buildings for the storage of goods less than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch unit of exit width for which are not highly inflammable, every nine hundred (900)square feet or major fraction thereof; stables, ice-cream factories, creameries, breweries, ice, of gross floor area of such basement and such combiner width mower and rurmpir�x plants and other similar buildings. shall be proportioned in full units to two (2) or more exits as may be required by distance limitations; provided that no such exit shall have a width lees than forty-four (44) inches. 5.17.02 .01 Buildings or perts of buildings classed in Group "F" CONTTRUCTION because of use or character of occupancy shall conform 03 Retail stores and other similar occupancies MIGHT AND to tl-.e following specific requirements: located on the first or ground floor shall MIGHTAREA � - have exits with a combined width not less than one (1) twenty ABlE ?tAXI)il t FIRE AREA : 60) inch unit of exit width for every nine hundred (SOW TIE LTIGLT LTOIE BUILDING FRONTING ON square feet or major fraction thereof, of gross floor area on 3_ettreet o_ treeta ,streets that floor, plus one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for every unit of exit width from floors above which exit • 150 14 Not limited hereby therethrough and plus one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit II 40 3 10,000 12,500 15,000 width for every unit of exit width from any basement which may exit therethrotg h; provided. that no exit from the first NCIF: For the purpose of determining allowable floor areas or ground floor shall have a width less than three (3) feet. and/or exit arrangement, an alley through an entire block and not less than twenty (20) feet wide may be con- .03 Restaurants: sidered as a street. .01 restaurants. dining rooms and other similar • .02 (here basements are located under buildings of Group occupancies, when occupying floors above the "F" occupancy two (2) or more stories }sigh, such first or ground floor shall have exits, the combined width of basements shall be out Type I Construction throughout. which shall be not less than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch unit of exit width for every two thousand (2000)square feet or ma- 03 For purposes of determining exit and fire protection jor fraction thereof of gross floor area. and such combined requirements and arrangements, each required fire width shall be proportioned to two (2) or more floor exits as division shall separately meet the requirements of this maybe required by distance limitations;provided that no such Chanter. floor exit shall have a width less than forty-four (44) inches. .02 Such occupancies located on the first or 5.17.03 .01 Location on the property shall conform with the zoning , ground floor shall have exits with a tom IDCATION ON Ordinance and the following specific requirements: brood width not less than one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of Y exit width for every two thousand (2000) square feet or major IROFERT .01 All exterior walls or ports of walls of Group fraction thereof, of gross floor area on that floor. 'plus one "F" buildings, which are less than five (6) (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for every unit of feet from the adjacent building line of a contiguous lot or exit width from tloors above which exit theretbrough and plus which are less than five (5) feet from another building or one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for every unit of rortion of the sane building on the same lot or lots, shall exit width Pram any basement which may exit therethrotgh;nro- have no opening therein. All openings in exterior walls vided, that no exit from the first or ground floor shall have which are five (5) feet or more, but less than ten (10) feet a width less than three (3) feet. from the adjacent building line of a contiguous lot or five (5) feet or more, but less than ten (10) feet from another .04 Offices: building or portion of the same building on the same lot or lots shall have doors and/or windows of fire-resistive con- .01 Offices and. other similar occupancies lo- struction es specified in Chapter 32. caned on floors above the first or grcun! floor shall have exits with a combined width at each fJnor .02 The reouirenents of this Section rerteining to the not less than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch unit of exit width prohibition or protection of openings may be waived for every five thousand (6000) square feet or major fraction by the Chief Building Inspector as provided in Section thereof, of gross floor area on that floor and such combined 5.12.ai.C.'. width shall be proportioned in full units to two (2) or more floor exitsas may he required by distance limitations; pro- - - vided that no such required floor exit shall have a width _ _. �•�.,_.•a . less than forty-four (44) inches. i'97.04 - --.01 General: lT FACI- .02 Such occupancies located on the first or ams .01 Not less than two (2) separate and remote means' ground floor shall have exits with a com- of exit shall be provided from every floor in bined width not less than one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of every Group "F building, regardless of height, area and/or exit width for every five thousand (5000)square feet or major type of construction. Additional exits and arrangement shall fraction thereof, of gross floor area on that flooronelts one conform to the requirements under Types of Construction in (1) twenty(20) inch unit of exit width for every unit of exit'. Part III, to the provisions of Chapter 26 and to the follow- width from floors above which exit therethrough and plus ones' ing specific requirements: (1) twenty(20) inch unit of exit width for every unit of exit width from any basement which exits therethroueh; provided, .02 Ramps used for the movement of materials from. that no exit from the first or ground floor shall have a one floor to another shall not be considered as width less than three (3) feet. required rears of exit. Such ramps shall be enclosed as spe- cified in Section 5.17.08 and shall meet the ground level at .05 Wholesale Stores and Factories: a point not less than twelve (20) feet free any perpendicular street line. .01 Wholesale stores factories and other simi- lar occupancies located on floors above the .02 Floor )]tits: first cr ground floor shall have exits, the combined width of which shall be not leas than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch unit .01 General Requirements: of exit width for every eight thousand.(8000) square feet or major fraction thereof, of gross floor area and such combined .01 Floor exits shall be by meals of interior I width shall be proportioned in full units to two (2) or more or outside stairways or ramps, smoke- floor exits as may be required by distance limitations; pro-' proof towers, horizontal exits or doorways at or near grade vided that no such floor exit shall have a width less than' and which discharge directly onto a street or other similar forty-four (44) inches. public space. Buildings which are three (a) or more stories I high shall have not less than fifty (50) percent of the re- .02 Such occupancies on the first or ground ouired exits Pranfloors above the first, by means of enclosed floor shall have exits, the combined width interior stairways or ramps and buildings which are six (0)or . of which shall be not less than one (1) twenty (20) inch unit more stories high shall have not less than fifty. CUB percent of exit width for every eight thousand (M00) square feet or of the exits from floors above the first or ground floor by major fraction thereof, of gross floor. area on that floor, means of smoke-proof towers. • plus one (1) twenty (20) unoh unit of exit width for every unit of exit width from floors above which exit therethrouq .02 Interior enclosed stairways or ramps and/or and plus one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for each smoke-proof towers as may be required, unit of exit width from any basement which may exit there- shall be constructed as specified in Chapter 28 and shall be through; provided that no such exit from the first or ground so located that at least one such stairway or tower shall be floor shall have a width less than three (3) feet. directly accessible free every point in the building and such exits shall discharge directly onto a street or other similar .06 Warehouses: public space or shall connect thereto by means of a passage- : way, corridor or court where enclosed stairways or ramps are .01 Warehouses and other similar occupancies' used and by means of a passageway where smoke-proof towers located on floors other than the first or are used. ground floor shall have exits, the combined width of which, shall be not less than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch unit oft .03 Outside stairways or ramps shall be con- exit width for every twelve thousand (12,000) square feet se' strutted as specified in Section 7.28.02.07 major fraction thereof, of gross floor area and such combined and such outside stairways or ramps shall discharge directly width shall be proportioned to two (2) or more floor exits a114 onto a street or other public space or shall connect thereto may be required by distance limitations; provided that no such by means of a court or yard. - floor exits shall have a width less than forty-four (44) inches. .04 Horizontal exits shall be constructed as specified in section 7.28.C5 .02 Such occupancies on the first or ground floor shall have exits, the combined width .05 Not more than one required exit from any of which stall be not lase then one (1) twenty (20) inch unit separated exit area or sub-division of of exit width fbr every twelve thousand (12,000) square fact the building shall open onto any one court, yard or passage- 'or major fraction thereof, of gross floor area on that floor, way unless such court, yard or passageway be open on both plus one (I) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for every ends to a street or other similar public space. •unit of exit width from floors above which exit therethrot(gh and plus ore(1)twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for every.00 Floor exits shall be arranged to provide unit of exit width from any basement which may exit there- the greatest accessibility and so that through• provided that no such exit from the first or ground there shall be not more than one hundred (100) feet in build- floor shall have a width less than three (3) feet. ings of Type I Construction or ninety (90) feet in buildings fee II Construction ion from any part of any floor to an exit " of that f .07 Mixed Occupancies: Where two (2) or more occu- pancies, exit width based on different flooarea occc�rl ong n tiessane.02 P.etail Stores: 5.17.04 5.17.05 or different floors, the exits shall be determined es provided in Section 5.11.10. .02 Every window, to meet the requirements for light and ventilation, the sill. cf which is not more .0e Corridors: than thirty (30) feet above grade, shale. be not closer they ten (10) feet to the adjacent building line or closer thar .01 Corridors, used as paths or exit, shall have a ten (10) feet to another building or portion of the same width no.. less than fort.y.-foot. (44) inches nor building on the same lot or lots. To meet the requirements less than four (4) inches for every four hundred (400) square • for light and ventilation, every wirtcor, the sill of whirl feet or major fraction thereof of rods area serveri thereby is thirty (30) feet or more above grade, shall be not closer calculated between floor exits. There shall be no dr and calculated than ten (10) feet plus twenty (20) percent of' all excess ends in exit corridors more than twenty (20) feet heyonri any above thirty (30) feet, to an adjoining building line or •'loor exit or any other corridor which has two (2) remote closer than ten (10) feet plus thirty 130) percent or sod exits. excess, to another building or portion of the same building or the sane lot or lots. All such measu-enents fran windows .02 Corridors shall not he obstructed in any manrer to adjoining building lines, other built..iega or portions of so as to decrease the required wnndth, except as the same building shall be taken perpendicular to the wall a provided in Chapter 28. walls in which such windows occur, and a uch required courts shall be unobstructed except as provided in Chapter 33. .04 Room Exits: .01 Rows or other separated spaces fer human twee- O3 shall All �have ms otransons the fces for fullnwidth ofr'occupancyoo four hundr pancy or use, which have a floor area tars than opening and not less than twelve (12) inches high, located eel (400) square feet may have one (1) ex it, but over every door opening onto a common corridor or common such rooms or spaces which have four hwiiired (.40n) square space. Such transoms shall be hinged at the bottom and shall feet or more shall have not less than two (s) remote rxIIs. swing in. Louvred upper panels in door, or other effective which shall open onto a floor exit or shall connect thereto suDatltutes shall be allowed. by means of'corridors as specified in bection 5.17.04.co aid which exits shall be so arranged that the distance limitations .c13 Artificial Lighting: of Section 5.17.01.02 shall be conplied with, .01 Artificial lighting shall be by electricity and .02 :loom exit doors shall have a width not less than the number and arrarl.ement cf such lights shall three (0) feet nor less limn four (4) Inches for be such as to maintain not less than floe (5) foot candles every four hundred (400)square feet or major frset.lap thereof, in every portion of the building used by or for the accomno- of gross floor area within such rues or spaces. clatters of hamans. .03 home in basements for human oceupancy or to.e .02 Emergency lights shall be provided in stairways, shall have exits as specified above; except that. corridors and all other netts of exit as speci- one (1) exit, directly to the exterior shall be accessible fled in Section 7.28 08. from every such room or space. .04 Art Otte Jai Ventilation: .05 Doors and Gates: .01 Vent Shafts: Vertical ventilating shafts used .01 All doors, located in any carmen oath of exit, to ventilate toilet roans and slop shall have a clear height not less than six feet sink compartments shall have a least dLne::sion of sixteen(13) and eight Inches (6'-8") and shall swine in the direetlen of' inches and a least area of four (4) square feet. Such mini- exit travel. This requirement for the direction of swing mull shafts shall serve not more than two ;2) toilets, urinals shall not apply to doors opening sut of separated moms or or slop sink and tosuch minimum size sha.l be added not less other spaces having a gross floor area of seven hundred and than seventy-two (72) square inches for each additional tot- = y (750) square feet or less. let, urinal or slop sink served by such ;haft. The minimum grille opening fran a toilet room or slop sink compartment .02 latches, used on exit doors, shall be of seer.. shall be two(2)square feet. Such minimum Emilie shall serve releasing type such as panic bouts or s inner not more than two (2) toilets, urinals ce slop sinks and to 'tevices which will permit the door to open when pressed such minimum size shall be added not less than thirty-six against. (36) square inches for each additional toilet, urinal or slop-sink served by such grille. Grilles shall be located .03 Doors shall have mtnfnasn widths as specified in at or near the ceiling and shall be rot less than eighty this Section and in Chapter 25 and shall be so (£0) percent open. When such toilet rooms or slop-sinks :.nstalled as not In any way to decrease the required a kiths compartments are shut off Fran other neoperly ventilated of any opening, passageway or corridor. portiere of the building, there shalt be an air inlet at or near the floor having an area at least equal to that required .04 Fire doors shall be installed where anti as sued]. for the outlet grille. fied under Types of Corstruction in Part Ill. I;: Chapter 28 ant in Chapter 32. .02 Mechanical Ventilation: !tee stoical ventilating • .03 Passageways: Passageways. with thesystems shall comply ys: ys. as referred to or require]. requirements of Part XIV and such mechanical ventll.- by this Section. shell he of Type ,, atira systems shall be kept in operation .:untinuously during Construction and shall have a clear height not less then all tines that the building is in use or ..s occupied. eight (ii) feet. Such passageways shall have a ci-tar width • not less than ore (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for .03 Air-cord(tloning: Air-cord systems shall uni t it of exit width which exits therethrogh. be as specified in Part XIII and such air-conditioning systems shall bet lept in continuous • .07 Courts: Courts or yards which are used as paths of operation during all tines that the built ing is in use or is exit shall have a clear width not less than occupied. specified for passageways in Section 5.17.04.06. le .08 Exit Signs: Floors or sub-divisions of floors at or ; 17.06 .0:i Group "E" Buildings which are three (3) stories high near the ground level having a floor area ;,;;t•)jpg» as shall have not less than fifty (50) percent of the ex- of over five thousand (5000) square feet and every floor or ;;il'(CAL its from floors or fire-divisions above the first or ground sub-division thereof above the ground floor having an area tlpGams floor by means of enclosed interior sta.rways or ramps end of' over twenty-five hundred (2500 square feet shall have all such enclosures shall conform with the requirements of Types t h exits therefrom marled with exit signs as specified in Section of Construction in Part III and in Chapter 28. 7.2.5.09; rovided, however, that where such exit signs are required for floors above the ground level they shall also .02 Group "F" buildings which exceed three (3)stories shall be Installed at the ground floor exits. have all interior stair or ramp exits enclosed as spe- cified utter Types of Construction in Parl III and in Chapter .09 Exceptions: 28; provided, however, that monumental stairways which lead " " to the second floor only and which are not required means of .01 Group F Buildings wh_ch do not exceed two (2) exit need not be enclosed. There shall be no openings inre- stories and which comply with the following. re- queered stair or ramp enclosures other than entrance and exit quirements may have one (1)stairway serving the second floor: doors ani openings for ventilation. 1 TYPE (F OCCLPANCY DISTANCE TO STAIRS 1lAXPltbt FLOOR AREA t OR SPt L I A`t'(�IbT AN .03 Ramps for the movement of and/or she front one equipped to !>� An k'LOQ� another shall be enclosed nod/or shell be with self-closing fire-doors at each floor as specified in Chapter Restaurants 25' 1200 Retail Stores 25' 1800 Offices 25' 3000 .04 All vertical openings for elevator,: shall be enclosed Factories 35' 6000 as specifiedunder liarehouses 50' 9000 and Chapter Types of Construction in Part III n, provided that such stairway shall he constructed of incom- .03 All vertical openings for ventilation or for other pur- bustible materials and shall be enclosed with not less than noses shall be enclosed as specified under Types or two-hour fire-resistive construction through the lower floor, c'orstruction in Part III. that it shall discharge directly to the exterior and that it shall have a width not less than forty-four (44) inches. Any .03 Smote-proof towers shall be enclosea as specified under door opening fran such enclosure to the interior at the first Types of Construction in Part III and in Chapter 28. floor shall be of fire-resistive construction as specified in Chapter 32 and shall be automatic or self-closing. 5.17.07 .01 Stand pipes and Lire extinguishers shall be installed. .02 Group "F" Buildings which exceed two (2) stories FIRE 1tO as specified in Chapter 33. anti which comply with the requirements of the 'reeTION table in Section 5.17 lei.03.01 shall have two(2)remote floor eV .02 Chimneys and heat'ng apparatus shall conform to the re- exits. complying with the requirements of this Section, except :MAROS quirements of Chapter et. that such exits may have a width not less than thirty-six (30) inches. .03 No volatile inflammable liquids, other than fuel oil, shall be placed, stored or used ir.a.ey Group "F• Build- ing, except that an amount not exceeding oim (1) gallon shall 5.17.05 .01 General: Allbuildings or portiere of'buildings class- be perritted when such liquids are kept in tight or sealed LIGHT ANO eel in Group "F" occupancy which are custom- approved containers. Fuel oil storage sie.11 comply with the VENTIIATION a-fly for hunen occupancy shall be provided with light and requirements of Chapter 34. ventilation either naturally by nears of exterior doors, win- doss arxt/or skylights, or artificially by rearm of electric .04 The gas service shall be separate to each fire division lights and mechanical ventilating or air-conitioning systems and each such service shall have a separate shut-off or any suitable carbination of' time methods; valve located at a convenient and conspicuous place outside the building. Where there is more than ont (I) such shut-off .02 Natural Light and Ventilation: valve, they shall be adequately marled. .01 hindows: Windows shall have an area equal to .05 The service of hazardous utilities shall cantons to the not less than ten (10) percent of the provisions of'Section 5.11.08 and other portions of floor area of'each roam or space when the windows are of such this Code applicable thereto. construction that they permit the use of the entire opening for ventilation. This area shall be increased to not less .06 Transformer vaults shall comply with the requirements than twelve and ore-half (12i) percent when the construction of'Part XI and section 8.34.09. is such that only fifty (50) percent of' the opening is avail- able for ventilation. Intermediate virdow requirements shall .07 Glass in lighting fixtures or for .my reason hung or be in direct proportion. overhead in any common spaces shall be secured from falling by approved methods. • I I 5.17.08 6.18.01 k• • 1 5 17.08 Signs, when used in connection with Group "F" occupancies CHAPTER 18 - REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "0" BUILDINGS SIGNS shall comply with the requirements of Part IX. 5 18.01 Group "u" occupancies shall include: 5.17.09 Canvas, when used in connection with Group "1" occupancies, GROUP"G" CANVAS shall comply with the requirements of Part X. OCCUPANCY .01 Division 1. Hotels, apartment hotels, apartment DEFINED houses, two-family dwellings, bung- alow courts and other similar buildings. 5 17.10 .01 Electrical installations shall comply with the require- ,02 Division 2. Convents, monasteries, and other EIiJCTRICAL menu of Part XI. f similar buildings having sleeping .02 Exit and emergency lights shall be installed as specs- accommodations for ten (10) or more persons. fled in Section 7.28.0£. 5.18.02 .01 Buildings or parts of buildings classed in Group "0" 5.17 11 .01 Munising: I Plumbing installations shall conform to the CONSTRUCTION because of use of character or occupancy shall conform PLUMING AND requirements of this Section and Part XII. RF C AND to the following specific requirements: SANITATION A1J1hWABIE MAX B1 Ud FINE AREA .02 Toilet Roars: TYPE (VOW STORIE4 BUILDINGS FRCNfING ON .01 Toilet rooms shall not open directly from any 1 Street 2Streets 3,4treete corridor, lobby, dining-roan or other common space, nor from any kitchen; but shall connect thereto by I 150 14 Not limited hereby means of a private corridor or vestibule. II 40 3 10,000 12,500 15,000 III 30 2 5,000 0,250 7,500 .02 Toilet facilities shall be provided within the building based on one:(1) water closet or urinal NOTE: For the purpose of determining allowable floor areas to each fifteen (15) persons on any floor. There shall be and/or exit arrangement, an alley through an entire one (1) lavatory to each two (2) water closets or urinals block and not less than twenty (20) feet wide may be consid- and such number of facilities shall. when necessary, be ered a street. divided to each sex and arranged in two (2) or more toilet rows. In no case shall there be less than one (1) toilet .02 Basements under buildings for Group "G" occupancy shall room containing at least one (1) water closet and one (1) conform to Type of Construction; except that all base- lavatory on each floor, for each sex using that floor. Tot- rents under buildings which are three (3) or more stories . let rooms shall bear signs plainly indicating for which sex high shall be of Type I Construction and that the minimum re- the rooms are intended. ui qrements for basements under buildings which are less than three (3) stories shall be Type II Construction. .03 All water closets for general use shall be equip- ped with open front seats and shall be separated .03 For purposes of determining exit and fire protection from each other and from the rest of the room by stalls of requirements and arrangements. each required fire divi- incombtstible and impervious materials. Such stalls shall be' lion shall separately meet the requirements of this Chapter. equipped with self-closing doors and shall be open at the top and for at least twelve (12) inches from the floor for yarn- 18.03 .01 Location on the property shall comply with the Zoning nation. L,I;ATION ON Ordinances and the following specific requirements: .04 The floors of all toilet roans shall he of tile, PROPERTY cement, terrazzo or other impervious materials .01 All exterior walls or parts of walls of Group "G" with a base of similar materials around the walls at least buildings, which are less than five (5) feet fran four (4) inches high. the adjacent building line of a contiguous lot or which are less than five (5) from another building or portion of the .03 Screening: same building on the same lot or lots, shall have no opening therein. All openings in exterior walls, which are five (5) . .01 All toilet rooms shall be screened with eighteen feet or more, but less than ten (10) feet from the adjacent (18) mesh wire screening either individually or building line of contiguous lot or five (5) feet or more, but may be included with some other portion of the building re- less than ten (10) feet from another buildim or portion of quired to be or which is screened. the sane building on the sane lot or lots, shall have fire- resistive doors and/or windows of fire-resistive construe- .02 Public dining rooms. restaurants tea-rooms and tion as specified in Chapter 32. similar places for serving food to the public The re rements of this Sectionpertainingto the shall be completely screened with eighteen (18) mesh wire q� pro- screening, or such places may. with the approval of the Chief hibition or protection of openings may be waived by the Building Inspector, be equipped with a system of electric Chief Building Inspector as provided ln Section 5.12.03 C2. fans, so arranged as to effectively prevent the ingress of insects. This requirement for screening or installation of ,. 18.04 .01 General: 7(1T fans in public dining rooms shall not be construed to prevent F • the serving of food to the public in outside dining rooms, FACILITIES .01 Not less than two patios, courts, yards, terraces, etc.; provided, that such (2) separate and remote meats outside area so used shall beinconnection with and shall _ of exit shall be provided from every floor in not exxgilhd in area Oft area provided within the building ant every Group "G" building, regardless of height, area and/or so screened or famed. type of construction. Additional exits and arrangement shall conform to the requirements under Types of Construction in .03 Kitchens servingpublic eatingplaces shall be ,. Part III,to the provisions of Chapter 28 and to the following completely screned fran the otside and from all specific requirements: other parts of the building with eighteen (18) mesh wire screening. .02 All doors located in any cannon path of exit shall have a clear height not less than six feet and .04 All screen doors shall be equipped with self- eight inches (0'-8") and shall swing in the direction of exit closing devices. travel. This requirement for the direction of swing shall not apply to doors opening out of separated rooms, suites of rooms .04 Kitchens: The provisions of Section 5.15.13.01 shall or apartments or other similar spaces having a gross floor also apply to Group "F" occupancies. area of four hundred (400) square feet or less. .05 Waste Storage: The prwis ices of Section 5.12.13.04 .02 Hotels, apartment hotels, convents, monasteries, dor- shall also apply to Group sirs occu- mitories and other similar buildings which have common pancies, corridors, floor exits and public spaces: .01 General: There shall be not less than two:a) 5.17.12 Separation of Group "F" occupancies or divisions thereof from separate and remote paths of exit from 1UX D all other occupancies or divisions of occupancies shall be as every roomy suite of roams, apartment or publie space located OCCUPANCY specified in Chapter 11. on any floor of any of the above buildings. .02 Floor Exits: .01 Floor exits shall be by nears of interior enclosed stairways or ramps, outside stair- ways or range, smoke-proof towers, horizontal exits or door- ways which are at or near grade and which discharge directly onto a street or other similar public space or onto a court or passageway which connects to such public space. Buildings which are three (3) or more stories in height shall have not less than fifty (50) percent of the required exits from floor above the first by means of interior enclosed stairways or ramps and buildings which aro six (0) or more stories high shall have not less than fifty (50) percent of the required exits from floors above the first by means of smoke-proof towers. .02 Interior enclosed stairways or ramps and/or smoke-proof towers as may be required, shall be constructed as specified in Chapter 28 and shall be so located that at least one (1) such stairway or tower shell be directly accessible from every point in the building and such exits shall discharge directly onto a street or other similar public space or shall connect thereto by means of a + passageway, corridor or court where interior stairways are • used and by means of a passageway where smoke-proof towers are used. . .03 Outside stairways or ramps shall be con- structed as specified in Section 7.28.02.07 and such outside stairways or ramps shall discharge directly onto a street or other similar public space or shall connect ttereto by nears of a court or yard. • .04 Horizontal exits shall be constructed as specified In Section 7.28.05. • .05 Not more than one (1) required exit from any separated exit area or sub-division of the building shall open onto any one (1) court, yard or passageway, unless such court, yard or passageway he open on both ends to a street or other similar public space. • • .08 Floor exits shall be arranged to afford the greatest accessibility and so that there shall be not more than eighty (80) feet in buildings 5.18.04 5.18.04 of Type I Construction, seventy (70) feet in buildings of Type II Construction and sixty (00) feet in buildings of .03 Outside stairwaysor ten shall be con- Type III Construction between any room exit and an exit from strutted as specified in Section 7.28.02.07 the floor. and such outside stairways or ramps shall ilscharge directly onto a public street or other similar pabtic space or shall .07 Exits from floors other than the first or connect thereto by means of a court. ground floor shall have a combined width at every floor not less than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch unit .04 Horizontal exits shall be constructed as of exit width for each three thousand (3000) square feet or provided in Section 7.18.06 major fraction thereof of gross floor area on that floor and such combined width shall be proportioned in full units to .05 Not mcre than one (1) required exit from two (2) or more exits as may be required by distance limita- any separated exit area or sub-division tiers; provided, however, that no required floor exit shall of the building shall open onto any one ;1) court, yard or have a width less than forty-four (44) inches. passageway, unless such court, yard or passageway be open at • both ends to a street or other public space. .Cb Exits from the first or ,ground floor shall have a combined width not loss than one (1) .08 Exits from floors other than the first or twenty (2G) inch unit of exit width for each three the/mend ground floor which are conga to two (2) or (3000) square feet or major fraction thereof, of gross floor more apartments shall have a combined width at every floor area on that floor, plus one (1)twenty (20) inch unit of exit not less than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch unit of exit width width for every unit of exit width from floors above which for each thirty-six hundred (3300 square feet or major frac- exit therethrough and plus one (1) twenty (20) inch unit or tion thereof, of gross floor area served thereby on that finer exit width for every unit of exit width from any basement and such conbited width shall be proportiored infull units to which may exit therethrough provided, that no exit from the not less than two (2) exits; provided that ore (1) such exit groundthan three (3) first or floor shell have a width less from each apartment shall have a minimur width of forty-four feet. (44) inches and that no such exit shall have a width less than thirty (30) inches. .03 Corridors: .07 Exits from the first or ;Sround floor which .01 Corridors, used as paths of exit, shall are common to two (2) cr more apartments have a width not less than forty-four (44) shall have a combined width of not less than one (I) twenty inches, nor less than four ,4) inches from every four hundred (20) inch unit of exit width for each thirty-six hundred (400) square feet or major fraction thereof, of room area (3000) square feet or major fraction thereof of gross floor served thereby and calculated between floor exits. There area served thereby on that floor, plus one (1) twenty (20) shall be no dead-ends in exit corridors more than twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for every unit of exit width from floors above which exit therethrough; provided, however. that feet beyond any floor exit or any other corridor which has two (2) remote exits. ., no such cannon exit from the first or grcuni floor shall have a width less than three (3) feet. .02 Corridors shall not be obstructed in any .03 Apartment Exits: Every apartment shall nave not manner so as to decrease the required widths, except as provided in Chapter 28, less than two (2) remote exits which shall open directlyito a street. court. yard or onto 04 Boom Exits: floor exits. The minimum width of any apartment exit door shall be two feet and eight inches (2'-6")me , and the min .01 Every sleeping roan, suite of roans, apart- imum width of any stairway which serves e (1) apartment went or similar space having a floor area only shall be thirty (30) inches. of less than four hundred (400) square feet may have one (1) exit only which shall open directly upon a street, court or .04 Passageways: Passageways as required in Section yard, or upon a corridor or other similar public space which 5.18.04.03.0 shall conform with tows not less than two (2) remote exits, the requirements of Section 5.18.94.02.05. .02 Every sleeping room, suite of rooms, apart- .05 Courts and Yards: Courts and yards as required ment or similar space which has a floor in Section 5.16..01.03.02 shall area greater than four hundred (400) square feet shall have conform with the requirements of Section 5.18.01.02.05. not less than two (2) remote exits which shall open directly to a street, court or yard, or onto a corridor or other skill- 00 Exit Lights: Exit lights sha:l not he required lar public space which h not less than two(2)remote exits. in apartment houses, where there as are two (2) means of exit directly accessible from each unit. .03 Rooms or halls which have a floor area of one thousand (1000) square feet or more 04 Residential Apartments: shall have exits as required in Section 5.13.04.04.02. .01 General: There shall be net less than two (2) .04 The minimum width of any room exit door separate are remote }aids of exit frci every Residential Type Apartment. in any a•tart:e nt hotel or shall be two feet and efeSt inches (2'-b")• apartment house are such exits shall be an specified under .05 Fessageways: Section 3.16.04.03 and herein. .01 Passageways which are used to connect re- .02 Apartment Exits: quires smoke-proof towers to streets or other such public space shall conform with the requirements .01 Means of exit from an upper floor cont.rttov of Section 7.28.04.02.02. whollg wit Me S1) unit and havinggross floor area of one tlmuea000: square feet or lee .02 Passageways which are used in place of shall be by meats of a private stairwt.y having a width re exit courts shall have a clear height less than thirty (30) inches. The landeng on the upper floc m nct less than eight (6) feet and a width not less than re- shall be directly accessible from all Booms thereon and th r quired for courts in Section 5.18.04.02.08. stairway shall discharge on the main floor of the unit I close.08 Exit Courts: Courts or yards used as paths of t upper floor to suiohaunitns fhas ia grast.t from tflo apartment. exxcee exit shall have a clear width not of one thousand (1000) square feet, not less than two (t less than one (1) twenty-two ( ) inch unit of exit width for exits shall be provided, the combined tridth of which shell each three thousand (3000) square feet or major fraction be not less than one (1) twenty-two (2;) inch unit of with thereof, of area served thereby on any ore (1)floor; provided for each thirty-six hundred (3000) squ.ane feet or major frac however, that no court or yard used for exit purposes shall tion thereof, provided that no such exit shall have a widt have a clear width less than forty-four 1n.4) inches. less than thirty(30) inches and provider' further than ore (1 such exit shall discharge directly to a required floor exi .07 Exit Signs: Floors or sub-divisions of floors or by means of a separate interior or outside stairway to at or near the ground level having street, court or yard, or such exit may be by means of a floor area of over five thousand 8000) square feet and horizontal exit as specified in Chapter 28. every floor or sub-division thereof above the ground floor having en area of over twenty-five hundred (2500) square feet .02 Exits from the apartment shall be based c shall have all exits therefrom marked with exit signs as spa- . the total gross floor area on both floor. cified In Section 7.28.Of; provided, however, that where such, 1 and floor exits shall be as specified en Section 8.16.04.0 exit signs are required for floors above the grounxt floor they • when such units are located in apartment hotels and to th 1 ' shall also be installed at the ground floor exits. requirements of Section 5 18 04.03 when such units are lc rated in apartment houses. .08 Panic Hardware: Exit doors shall be fastened against egress only by self- .OS Two-family Dwellings: releasing latches, panic bolts or other similar devices which can be easily and readily opened from the inside at all. tires .01 General: There shall be mot less than two (2 without the use of keys or any special knowledge or effort. separate and remote wears of exit frc .03 Apartment houses: every family unit. k .01 General: There shall he not less than two (2) .02 Unit Exits: I separate and remote paths of exit flan ,O1 [writs located entirel✓ on the second floe cartment located on any floor of apartment houses. shall have a conbinec exit width not lee than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch unit of exit width for ever .02 Floor Exits: thirty-six hundred (3000)square feet or ne,Ior fraction there of. of gross floor area of that floor ar3 such combined widt .01 Floor exits shall be by stairways or ramie shall be proportioned in full units of exit width to not les towers, horizontal exitoutsides stairways hitch discharge directly shrallroof than two hav(2) width lessvthan, (. that hnoe aunt exi onto a street or other similar ublic spacethirty (•d0) inches' or passageway which p or onto a court ag y provides access to such public space. .02 Units located on the :'irst or ground floc 4 Buildings which are three (3) or more stories high shall have shall have a codnirec width not less the the exits fran each one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit w:.dth for each thirty not less then fifty(50)percent of t apart- ment located on floors above the first or ground floor, by six hundred:(1000) square feet or major fraction thereof o means of interior enclosed stairways or ramps are buildings gross floor area on that floor, plus one (1) twenty (20) ire which are six (0) or more stories high shall have not less unit of exit width for every unit of exit width from the sect than fifty (50) percent of the exits from each apartment on and floor which exits therethrough; provided, however, the floors above the first or ground floor, by means of smoke- no exit from the first or ground floor shall have a wilt proof towers. less than three (3) feet. .02 Interior enclosed stairways or ramps and/or .03 Units located partly of the first or groun floor and partly on tie second floor smoke-proof towers as maybe required, whit 1 shall be constructed as specified in Chapter 28 and shall be have a gross floor area on the second floor lees than fiftee so located that at least one (1) such stairway or tower shall hundred (1500) square foot shall have the eeconl floor are. 'r, be directly accessible from every apartment in the building served by nee less than one (1) stairway with a minim,, widt and such exits shall discharge,directly onto a public street of thirty (30) inches, which stairway shall discharge on th or other similar public space or shall connect thereto by first or ground floor within the unit in close proximity to , required exit from the nears of a passageway or court where interior stairways or unit. glen the guar floor area of th rampssecond floor part is fifteen hundred (.(500) or more squat+ amps are used and by means of a passageway where smoke-proof, towers are used. feet, not lees than two (2) exits shall be provided, the cote bined width of which shall be not less t;tan ore(1)twenty.tw+ inch unit of exit width for each thirty-six hundred (3000) .4 . . .... -- fled under Types of Construction in Part III and in Chapter 26; provided, however..that monusenbal stairways which lead ' 5.18.04 • to the second floor only and which are not required means of exit need not be enclosed. There 'shall be no openings in., required enclosures other than entrance and exit doors and $ openings for ventilation. square feet or major fraction thereof; provided that no such .U3 A11 vertical openings for elevators shall be enclosed exit shall have a width less than thirty (30) inches and pro- as specir'1ed under Types or Construction in Part III vided further that one CO such exit shall discharge directly 6 and in Chapter 29. . onto a street or other similar public space or shall connect thereto by means of a court, yard or passageway. The first .04 All vertical openings for ventilation for other pur- or around floor of such units shall have not less than two(2) poses shall be enclosed as specified under Types of remote exits, the combined width of which shall 're not less Construction in Part III. than one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for each thirty-six hundred(3800) square feet or major fraction there- .C3 Smoke proof towers shall be enclosed as specified under of. of gross floor area of both floors; provided, however, Types of Construction in Part III aryl in Chapter 28. that no such exit shall have a width less than two feet and eight inches (2'-8"). 5 19 OR .01 Stand pipes and fire extinguishers shall be installed 11 .03 Courts, Yards and Passageways: Courts, yards •'!RE PR(111X as specified in Chapter 33. and passage- 9 111N aka) ways shall conform with the requirements of Sections 5.18.04 MILNtOS .02 Chimneys and heating apparatus shall conform to the re- .02.05 and 5.18.04.02.0G. quirenents of Chapter 34. .06 Bungalow Courts: .0n No volatile infl•umnable liquids, other than fuel oil, shall be placed. stored or used in any Group "G" build- .01 General: There shall be not less than two (2) irg. except that en amount not exceeding one (1) gallon shall '1 separate and remote paths of exit from be permitted when such liquids are kept in tightor sealed every bungalow unit to a street or other similar public space. approved containers. Fuel oil storage shall comply with re- quirenents of Chapter 34. .02 Bungalow Exits: .04 The gas service shall be separate to each fire division .01 Each bungalow unit shall have at least two and each such service shall have a separate shut-off (a) separated exits opening onto separate valve located at a convenient and conspicuous place outside paths of exit to a street or other similar public space. the building. n nre there is more than one (1) such shut-off valve they shall be adequately marled. .02 Doors on such exits shall be not lees than six feet and eight inches (6'-8") high and .05 The service of hazardous utilities shall conform to the • twc feet and eight inches (2'-8") wide. rrovislons of Section 5.11.00 and other portions of this Code applicable thereto. .03 brit Courts: .06 Transformer vaults shall comply with the requirements .01 Lot line courts shall have a clear width of Section 8.34.09 and Part XI. not less than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch unit of exit width for every three thousand (3000) square .07 Glass in lighting fixtures or for any reason hung or feet of floor area served thereby; but in no case less than over-head in any cormon spaces shall be secured from forty-four (44) inches. railing by approved methods. .02 Inner courts shall have a clear width not mg 09 f ns, when used in connection with Group ^G" occupancies less than one (1) twenty-two (22) inch wait S'f•NS shall complywith exit width for every three thousand (3C00) square feet of the requirements of Part IX. floor area served thereby; but in no case loss than ten (10) feet. 5 18 r0 Canvas. when used in connection with Group "G" occupancies, .07 Mixed Occupancies: Whore two (2) or more occupancies '.aw IS shall comply with the requirements of Part X. having units of exit width based on different floor areas occur on the sane or different floors, 5 iR ,u .01 Electrical installations shall comply with the re- the exits shall be determined as provided in Section 5.11.10. 111,E1iCAL auuirerents of part XI. Y .08 Exceptions: Hotels, apartment hotels, convents, mon- asteries, C:; grit and emergency lights shall be installed as c!- dormitories and other similar g Y pe buildings which have cannon corridors, floor exits and public ( fled in Section 7.28.09. spaces and which have not more than three thousand (3000) square feet of floor area of any floor shall have not less ♦, than two (2) remote exits from every floor above the first, 5 18 12 •01 PItebing: Plumbing installations shall conform to the complying with Section 5.18.04.02. except that the minimum A.UM®ING AND S requirements of this Section and Pert XII. width of such floor exits may be reduced to thirty-six (36) SANITATION inches. 5.18.05 .01 General:' Roans used for sleeping and living purposes IdGIe AN) shall be provided with light anndventilation ! VENTILATION by means of Rita esnor doors in exterior walls;other spaces 5.18.C5 r _ for hulggn )such 4g.2c iyr(..3.oclaer_rea s, dining room, kocc to ,.shall be provfded with light and ven- tilation either naturally by means of exterior doors wind- ows and/or sky lights or artificially by means of electric lights and mechanical ventilating or air-conditioning system roans and slop sink compartments. Such ventilating shafts or any suitable combination of these methods. shall have a least dimension of sixteen (16) inches and a least inside area of four (4) square feet. Such minimum .02 Natural Light and Ventilation: shaft shall serve not more than two (2) kitchens, toilets, urinals or slop sinks and to such minimum size shall be added .01 IYirxlows: Windows shall have an area equal to not less than seventy-two (72) square inches for each addi- not less than ten (10) percent of the tional kitchen, toilet, urinal or slop sink served by such floor area of each room or space when the windows are of such shaft. The minimmmngrille opening from a kitchen, toilet room construction that they permit the use of the entire opening or slop sink compartment shall be two (2) square feet. Such for ventilation. This area shall be increased to not less minimum grille shall serve not more than two (2) kitchens, than twelve and one-half (12A) percent when the construction toilets, urinals or slop sinks and to such minimum size shall is such that only fifty (50) percent of the opening is avail- be added not less than thirty-six (3() square inches for each able for ventilation. Intermediate window area requirements additional kitchen, toilet or slop sink served by such grille.,( shall be in direct proportion. Grilles shall be located at or near the ceiling and shall be not less than eighty (80) percent open. When such kitchens,' .02 Every window to meet the requirements for light toilet rooms or slop sink compartments are shun o N'fron other and ventilation, the sill of which is not more properly ventilated portions of the building, there shall be than thirty (30) feet above grade, shall not be closer to the an air inlet at or near the floor having an area at least adjacent building line of a contiguous lot or closer to ano- • equal to that required for the outlet grille. Ventilating ther building or,portion of the same building on the same lot' shafts for kitchens shall be entirely separate from venti- or lots than ten (10) feet. To meet the requirements fort lating shafts for toilet rooms or slop sink compartments.. light and ventilation, every window, the sill of which is is thirty (3O) feet or more above grade, shall be not closer .02. iechanical Ventilation: Mechanical ventilating than ten (10; feet plus twenty (20) percent of all excess systems shall conform above thirty (30) Feet, to an adjoining building line or to the requirements of Part XIV, and such nechandcal ventila- closer than ten (10) feet plus thirty (e0) percent of such. ting system shall be kept in continuous operation at all excess to another building or portion of the sane building on times that the building is in use or is occupied. the same lot or lots. All such measurement from windows to adjoining building lines, other buildings or portions of the .03 Air-Conditioning: Air-conditioning systems same building shall be taken perpendicular to the wall or shall be as specified in walls in which such windows occur, and such required courts Part III and such air-conditioning systems shall be kept in shall be unobstructed, except as provided in Chapter 31. continuous operation at all times that the building is in tee or is occupied. .03 All sleeping rooms, living rooms, dining rooms, or other similar rooms shall have transoms, the full width of the door openings and not loss then twelve (12) 5.18.06 .01 Sleeping Rooms: No room, used for Bleeping purposes inches high, located over every door opening onto a common ROOMS shall have a width less than eight corridor. burn tramscms shall be hinged at the bottom and (8) feet, a floor area exclusive of closets, bathrooms, etc. shall swore in..Louvred upper panels in doors or other effec- of less than one hundred (100) square feet. nor an average tive substitutes shall be permitted. height of less than eight (8) feet; nor shall there be less than fifty (50) square feet of floor area in such room for .04 Rooms containing water closets or slop sinks, each person sleeping therein at any one tine. Rooms. the located with access only from the exterior of floor of which is more than two (2) feet below grade or rooms the building maybe ventilated by means of a transom the full which open directly onto a kitchen shall not be used for width of and over the door and not less than twelve (12) sleeping purposes. • inches high; together with an air inlet at or near the floor having an area of not less than two (2) square feet. .02 Toilet Rooms: No room containing a toilet shall have a width less than three (3) feet or a .03 Artificial Lighting: floor area of less than fifteen (15) square feet. .01 Artificial lighting shall be by electricity and .CO One-fancily units: Each one-family unit shall have a the number and arrangement of such lights shall floor area within the enclosing be such as to maintain not less than ten (li) foot candles in walls of at least four hundred (400) square feet and in each sleeping roams. living roars, assembly roams, locker rooms, unit there shall be at least one (1) roam having a floor area toilet roam arA other like places, of not less than one hundred and twenty (120) square feet. Eyery roan in such units, used for sleeping purposes shall .02 Emergency lights shall be provided in stairways, comply with the requirements of Section 6.18.06.01. corridors and all other paths of exit as speci- fied in Section 7.2e.OS. 5.18.07 .01 Group "G" buildings which are three (3) stories high .04 Artificial Ventilation: 1ENCI.OSBE OF shall have not less then fifty(50)percent of the exits VERTICAL from floors ar separated floor areas above the first or groud .01 Vent Shafts: Vertical ventilating shafts may be MENINX; floor by means of enclosed interior stairways or ramps and used to ventilate kitchens, havin such enclosures shall conform with the requirements under a floor area not more than seventy cm square feet, toiletTypes of Construction in Part III and in Chapter 28. • .02 Group "G" Buildings which exceed theme (3)stories .0' . . _ . . -..._- have all interior stair or ramp exaali enclosed as r 5.18.12 . 19 04 .01 There shall be not less than two ;2) separate and re- err FAC1 mote paths of exit from the first or ground floor of .02 Toilet Rooms: .,TIES any Group "H" building. Such exits shall open directly oats .O1 Toilet rooms shall not open dire from any re a street or other similar public space or shall connect there- corridor, lobby, dining room orre other common • by means of a court or yard. Doors or. such exits shall be s ace nor from any shall connect thereto bymeans not less eigh six feet and eight) inches (g'-8") high and tic nkitchen; feet and eight inches (2�-S") wide, g of a private corridor or vestibule. Group "H" buildirgs which are.02 Hotel buildings shall be provided with toilet .02 hich have less than two thousand((�)tgia high and facilities so arranged that a toilet room con- gross floor area m the second floor maysquare feett r- t.alnirg a water closet and a shower or seath shall be directlyor have one (1) inter- • accessible from each hotel room. Lavatories maybe provided shall stairway ay not less firstthrs thirty (30) inches wide, pros_ mayin separately in each discharge on the or ground floor in close prox- hotelcroemilet rooms or be installed imity to an exit from the building. .03 Oro-family units wherever located shall be pro- .03 Group "H" buildings which have two thousand (2000) or sided with at least one toilet room containinggmore square feet of gross floor area above the first not less than a water closet, shower o-bath and a lavato , exit from flund loors above tie oor sha/1 efirst not le One stench exit an two (shallabe an .04 All water closets forgeneral use shall be e interior stairway complying with the requirements eider Types ped withopen front ats and whereshl necessary- of Construction in Part IV and in Chapter 28 awl having a be seprated fro each other and from the rest of the clear widthedot less than thirty oy exit !stall stair- shallte room bystalls of incombustible and imperviousqu, used as a second means of exit, stall comply with the mdtorsaan requirements of Chapter 28 and shall have a minimum width of Such stalls shall be equipped with self-closingdoors and shall be n at the top and for at least twelve (12) inches thirty (30) inches. from the floor for ventilation. .Oil Stairways shall be arranged to provide the greatest ac- cessibility.05 The floors of all toilet rooms shall be of tile groundfloorand o provide to t hs e shortest and n floors vsafest fpractir or terrazzo or other impervious material with a cable means of egress to a street or other similar public base of similar material around the walls at least four (4) space. Inches high. .G[i Courts or yards used as paths of exi: shall have a clear .06 Public toilet rooms shall bear signs plainly width not leas than twenty-eight (2:0 inches. indicating for which sex the roam is intended and separate toilet roots shall be provided for janitors and other similar help. . Oi91 .0]. General: Rooms used for living, o,• sleeping purposes, AND shall be provided with light and ventilation .03 Waste Storage: The provisions of Section 5.12.13.04 E!ru r.rON by means of windows or doors in exterior walls• and other shall also apply to Group "G" Occu- spaces for human occupancy such as dining rooms, kitchens, pancioe. toilet roots, etc., shall be provided with light and ventila- Lion either naturally by means of exterior doors. windows 6.18.13 Separation of Group "G" occupancies or division thereof, and/or skylights or artificially by means of artificial light MIXSD iron all other occupancies or divisionns of occupancies shal and mechanical ventilatingof' theseor air-conditioning systems or anyn suitable combination of methods. ,OCCUPANCY be as specified in Chapter 11. .02 Natural Light and Ventilation: i .01 Windows: Windows shall hale an area equal to not the floor area of each room or space when the wli0ndowsraretofofsuch forcons ventilation. Tat his area shall be increased rmit the use of e tto not ess • than twelve and one-half (121) percent when the construction " is such that only fifty (50percent of the opening is avail- able for ventilation. Intermediate windov area requirements shall be in direct proportion. • .02 Every window to meet the requirements for light and ventilation, the sill of which is not more than thirty CO feet above grade, shall rot be closer to the adjacent building line of a ccntlquous lo•: or closer to ano- ther building or portion of the same building on the same lot . or lots than ten (10) feet. To meet the requirements fur light and ventilation, every window, the sill of which is thirty(30) feet or more above grade, shall not be closer than ten (10) feet plus twenty (20) percent or all excess above 141 5.19.01 thirty(30),feet, to an adjoining building{ tine or closer than CHAPTER 19 - REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUP "H" BUILDINGS ton (10) feet plus thirty (30) percent of such excess to ano- • ther building or portion of the sane building on the sane lot 19.01 Group "H" occupancies shall include: or lots. All such measurements from windows to adjoining OUP "H" building lines, other buildings or portions of the same 17 OCCUPANCY building shall be taken perpendicular to the wall or walls in I)II,,I� Ol Division 1. Single-family dwellings and build- which such windows occur, and such regrriref courts shall be except garages, ings accessory to such dwellings, unobstructed, except as provided in Chapter 31. .02 Division 2. Convents, mlbnasterfes, dormitories, .03 Roams containing water closets or slop sinks, • located with access only from the exterior of bu°ldi lodging houses and other similar the building maybe ventilated by meats of a transom the full ngs having sleeping accommodations for less than ten width of and over the door and not less than twelve (12) (10) persons. inches high; together with an air inlet at or near the floor r having an area of not less than two id) square feet. 6 19.02 .01 Buildings or parts of b'rsildi g classed in Groin "H" .03 Artificial Lighting: • CONSTRUCTION because of use or character of occupancyconform g rag: byt lectri i:y,lighting shall er' liar AND to the following specific requirements: shall by electricity, or any other A pig ALiOw_ T I means approved by the Chief Buildin¢ Inspector. I' hCiME :1T_4> YAXIMVI!FIRE AEt(, .C4 Artificial Ventilation: ' ir I r, •150 14-' • oi.limited hereby .01 Vent Shafts: Vertical ventilating shafts may Ill 40 d [ St.000 +(�• be used to ventilate kitchens env- IV 30 2 , ing a floor area not more than seventy r care feet, tot- 30 2 oc .� , let roars and slop sink compartments. Sn :a,ntilating hafts J' shall have a least dimension of sixty (.g) inches and a .02 All buildings of Division 2 of Troup "HY occupaney0 least inside area of four (4) squarewo feet. Such minimum shall be of Type I, II or III Construcyion, shaft shall serve not more than two (2) kitchens, toilets. (Y] Sese�nta under buildings ■ urinals or slop sinks and to such minimum site shall be added conform to Type for Group H* occupancy shall not leas than seventy-two (72) square inches for each addi- tional kitchen, toilet, urinal or slop sins served by such high shall he of Type (3) or more stories shaft. The minimum grille opening from a kitchen, toilet I Construction and that the minimum room or slop sink compartment shall be two (2) square feet. requirements ear basements under buildings Mitch are Jess Such minimum grille shall serve not more then two (2) kitch- than three (3) stories shall be Type II Construction. one, toilets, urinals or slop sinks and to such mininnsr size • shall be added not less than thirty-six (3e) square inches .04 Single-family dwellings constenoted on the.roof of for each additional kitchen toilet, or slop-sink served by multiple storied builds shall be considered as- such grille. Grilles shall kitchen, located at or rear the ceiling additional stories insofar as the construction, location, and shall be not less than eighty (eel percent open. when exposure, stairs, exits and fire-extingulshifg construction, is such kitchens, toilet roams or slop sink compartments are concerned. shut off from otter properlyventilated• ,�f part:ore of the build- .05 For the purpose of de$'ermintng exit air' fie, ctXo►r an areaaof atre �least l be aequal ton air n that requfrefet at or near tfor the outlhe floor et • requirements and arrangement, each required, lire divi- grille, Ventilatingshafts for kitchens shall be entirely sion shall separately meet the reqiresents of this Chapter. separate from ventilating shafts for toilet rooms or slop • sink compartments. • 49.03 '' .01 Location•on propertyu t ION0l1 Ordinance an the following cSpecifte re uir msntn'n ' .02 Mechanical Ventilation: Mechanical Ventilating [lRlfbbblERTY' ng 5pecltxp requirennencs systems shall comply 11 ,.01 All exterior walls or parts of walls which are with the requirements of Part XIV. leas than five (5) feet from the adjacent build. .03 Air-conditioning: Air-conditioning systems ng line of a contiguous lot or which are less than Five. R) shall be .As specified in +'met from another building or portion of the same betiding on the same lot or lots, shall be or two- Part• XIII. construction and shall have no openings two-hour in. AllAl ex- terior walls or parts of walls. wch are vein. e ex- 5.19.Og .01 General: No Group "H" building shall have a floor more, but less thn ten (10) feel tram t f9) feet er R0011S lire of a contixuous lot, or five (3) fork. ,00srljmoorr•en, b t.leaarea ofs leas than four hundred (q.(p) square than ten (10) feet from another building or feet, exclusive of accessory buildings. same b lding on the sane lot or lots, b,, of of the sidcut ps alb.De en nn@oltr pros 02 Sleeping Roans: No torn, used for sl on of, es purposes ed and prltected with Tiire-retistiveiddoorstand/oriwiMows. shall h ve a less t en of less than all as specified in Chapter 32. seven (7) feet or a floor area of thin seventy (70) • square feet; nor shall there be less than fifty (50) square .OE' Ted re feet of floor area in such roan for each person sleeping quire ants of this Section fnir•tainirg to tht�pro- therein at any one (1) time. Rooms, -the floor of which is hibitlon or protection of openings Maybe waiver by the more than two (a) feet below grade, or rooms which open di- .). Chief Building Inspector as provided in Section 5.12.03,02i rectly onto a kitchen shall not be teed for steeple purposes. . • Y , ,5 .o 15.19.06 6.20.01 .03 Toilet Room: No room containing a toilet shall.have • CHAPTER 20 - REQUIREMENTS FOR BRCUP "I" BUILDINGS a width of loss than three (3) feet or a floor area of less than fifteen (16) square feet. " " 5.20.01 Group "I" Occupancies shall include: `i • i.19.07 .01 Interior stairways or ramps in H Buildings mill Division 1. Garages far fora ) Or less motor i.. NCL08lEiE OF which are two (2) stories only, need not be encloeec• �� Ia8 i• 7ERTICAL but buildings which exceed two 06 stories shall have interior OOCIPA Yvehicles and p tcheres. .';N1NGS stairways or ramps enclosed as specified in Section 6.18.07. ' If- . .02 Division 2. Tanks, towers and similar struc , .02 Vertical openings for elevators in Group "H" buildings tures and fences. which are o (2) stories only need not be enclosed; but grand stands,, such vertical openings which exceed two (2) stories shall be .03 Division 3. Reviewing 8 stands,similar structures. "I enclosed as specified in 54etion 5.18.07. ' 1 .03 All vertical openings for ventilation or for other pun- ,04 Division 4. Cabanas and bath houses and similar i poses shall be enclosed as specified under Typos of structures. Construction in Part III. i OS Division 5. l private swimming and buildings accessory i.19.08 .01 Chimneys and heating apparatus shall conform to the re- gFtE PRO- quirements of Chapter 34. .06 Division 6. Sotarinaas, sun ctecla and similar WrION ARO roofless structures. IA7.ARDS .02 No volatile inflammable liquids, eAhen.than fuel oil, shall be placed, stored or used in spy Group "h b'uild- ing, except that an aexsmt not exceeding dhe (1) gallon shall ,OS Division 1: Buildings classed in Division 1 of Group I be permitted when such liquids are kept in tight or sealed 5.20.02 "I" shall be constructed of Type I, II or , approved containers. 'Fuel oil storage,shall comply with the CONGRI ATION, re uirements of Chapter 34. ' AREA HEIGHT AND III construction, and the maximum fire area for any of t 9 P HEIG above Types of Construction shall not exceed Otte thousand. .03 The gas service shall be separate tf.6a*h fire division ALL)1VABIE (1000) square feet. y and each such service shall have a separate shut-off 02 Division 2: Strurttaes classed in Division 2 of Group valve located at a convenient and conspicuous place outside "I" shall conform to the requirements'' the building. Where there is more than one (1) such shut-off based on location in the Fire District and to the engineering valves they shall be adequately marked. regulations of this Code. .04 The service of hazardous utilities shall conform to the .03 Division 3: requirements of Section 6.11.0( and other portions of this Code applicable thereto. .01 permanent structures classed in Division 3 of Group "I" shall be constructed of Type I or II construction. Type I structures shall not be restricted as 5.A9.09 Canvas, when used in connection with Group "H" buildings, to he ht or area; but Type II structures shall not exceed i:if'AS shall conform to the requirements of Part X. forty (40) feet in height nor shall they exceed seven thou- sand (7000) square feet in maxims"fire area. 5.19.10 Electrical installations shall comply with the requbtennonts .02 Temporary structures classed in Division 3 of EJELTRICAL of Part XI. Group "I" may be constructed of unprotected steel or wood; provided that such.structures shall not exceed forty 5.19.11 .01 Plumbs Plumbing installations shall cos my with the (4O) feet in height nor shall the over-all horizontal distance ng q from front to rear exceed fifty (50) feet. Such temporary_ PIIR43ING requirements of this Section and Part XII. structures shall not be located closer than twenty (20) feet AND to another building. They shall be constructed only with the SANITATION .02 Toilet Rooms: • approval of the Chief Buildinrgg Inspector and shall be subject .01 Toilet rooms shall not open directly from any to immediate removal on demnnxl by him kitchen or dining room but may connect thereto .ua Division 4: Buildings classed in Division 4 of Group by means of a private corridor or vestibule. "I" shall conform to the requirements. based on location in the Fire District and to the followin .02 There shall be not less than one (1) toilet roomg within the building on each floor used for sleep- specific restrictions. irg purposes, except that for buildings of Division 2 of TIM F.EIGHT STORIES "AXIIRAI_FIRE AREA Group "H" occupancy there shall be not less than one (1) toilet room on each floor for each sex using that floor. 1 150 14 Not limited hereby 1 10,000 .03 The floors of all toilet noose shall be of tile, II 40 3 III 30 2 5,000 terrazzo, cement, linoleumor other impervious IV 30 1 5.,000 materials with a base of similar materials around the walls at least four (4): inches high. • .06 Division 5: Structures classed in Ifs 'on 5 of('it pup "I" shall conform to the requirements based on location in .03 Waste Storage: The provisions of Section 5.12.13.04 • the Fire District. , shall also apply to Group "H" occu- LAWE pancies. .06 Division u: Strictures classed in Division G M.Group "I" may be located on the roofs of Oro* t "D", "G", "ii" and Division 1 of Group "F" occupancies, where ' 5 19.12 Separation of Group "H" occupancies or divisions thereof, proper provisions have Peen made structurally and where exits iiliXA) from all other occupancies or divisions of occupancies shall . from :roofs conform to the requirements of Section 5.2(.04.04 .ECUPANCY be as specified in Chapter II. .02, and such roofless structures shall not be considered as additional stories. All such structures located in Fire Zones 1, 2 and 3 shall have the frame-work and bracing of all ex- terior and interior sub-division walls constructed of incom- bustible materials. No walls shall exceed a height of seven (7) feet, and six (6) inches, nor shall any portion of such structure be roofed over, except that small areas not exceed- ing one hundred (WO square feet may be covered with canvas as specified above, for the use of attendants. Only one (1) such area shall be permitted for each structure or major sub- division thereof. . .07 For the purpose of determinipg exit art fire protection re uircaeents'Old arrangerrentL each rcyitiired fire div i- sion shl separately meet the requirements of this Chapter. 7, .4 .01 Location on the property shall cdOrlitnwith the Zoning �TION ON Ordinance of the City of Miami Braeli and the following specific'requirements: .01 All exterior walls or parts of walls of such buildings or structures, which are less than five ‘5)feet from the adjacent building line of a contiguous lot • or which are less than five (6) feet fran another building or portion of the same building on the sane lot or lots,shallbe Of two-hour fire-resistive construction and shall have no ' opening therein. All exterior walls or parts of walls, which • are five (5) feet or more, but less than ten (10) feet from the adjacent building line of a contiguous lot or lots. or five (5) feet'ot more but less than ten (10) feet from ano- ther building'or portion of the same building on the same lot nr lots. shall be of not less than two-hour fire.resistivo • construction with openings protected by fire-resistive doors , and/or windows, all as specified in Charter 32. .02 The regtdrements of this Section pertaining to the prohibition or protection of openings may be waived by the Chief Building Inspector as.provided in Section 5.12;03.02. 5.20.04• .01 le Division 1: There shall be not less than Pilo (2) EXIT •, separate and remote exits from every . FACILITIES building of Division 1 of Group"I". One such Olt may be • • the main entrance doors. .02 Divisions''&: ' a • 01 Oenneral: Structures classed in Division 3 of '. Group "I" shall have exits com)ilying with the following specific requirements. the requirements under Types of Construction in Part III and the provisions • of d'haptar 28. • .02 Exits: No seat shall Ue farther!than one hun- dred (100) feet in structures of Type II Construction and seventy co finet,in temporary structure: -1,- of unprotected steel or wood,fran an exit fran the structure. Such exits from the structure shall open directly onto a • 5.20.07 street or other similar public space or shall connect thereto by means of a passageway of Type I Conetreetion. Passageways and/or exits shall have a width not less than five (5) feet nor lase than one (1) twenty (20) inch unit of exit width for .07 The floors of all buildings of Division 1 of Group "I" every seven hundred (700) square feet or major fractionshall be of non-absorbent and incombustible materials. thereof, so served• and the height of such passageways shall be not ess then eiebt (8) feet. Stairways shall have risers ,08 Theo space hell temporary structures of a whatsoever. 3 of as specified for outside stairways in Section 7.28.02.07. Group "I" stall not be used for any pu-pose whatsoever. .03 Aisles: 5.20.08 .01 Division 3: Signs shall conform to the requirements .01 'uin ais`ea shall have a width, at the end SIGNS of Section 5.12.10 and Pert IX. farthest from the exit, net lees then thirty .02 Division 4, Sand 0: Slzris shall conform to the re- (30) inches if having seats on one (1) side only and thirty- six (ea) inches if having seats on both sides a such mini- 9uiroments of Part IL.nd mum widths shall be increased by two (2) inches for each ten (10) feet in length toward the exit. 5.20.08 Canvas, when used in connection with any.lroup "I" occupancy .02 Cross aisles shall have a minimum width CANVAS shall conform to the requirements of Part X and any require- of thirty-six (3C) inches, masts pertaining thereto in this Chapter. .04 Seats: 5.20.10 .01 Electrical installations shall comply with. the require- ' .01 Seats shall be so arrarge•t that there shall ELECTRICAL meats of Part XI. be not more than twenty (20) seats in Type I structures, fifteen (15) seats in Type Il structures an .02 Rath and emergency lights,n when 7.24.09. shall be in ten (10) seats in temporary structures of unprotected steel stalled as specified �n Section 7.24.t19. or wood, between any seat and an aisle. .02 Where the seats are not spaced or marked 5,20.11 .01 Plumbing: Plumbing installations shall comply with the • off, a distance or eighteen (id) inches me penman requirements of this Section and part XII. along any bench or platform shall be considered one seat, SANITATION .02 Division 3: The provisions for toilet rooms, screen- .03 Seats shall be spaced not less than twenty- irg and waste storage as cified in Sec, (20) inches center to center when no tion ;y ones3 shall apply to Division 3 buildings except tem- • backs are provided andthirty (30) inches center to center porar;7 ores. when backs are provided. .03 Division 4: The provisions for toilet room. screen- • .03 Division 4: There shall be not less than two (2) ing and waste storage as specified in separate and remote paths of exit from Section 5.18.12 shall also apply to Division 4 buildings, It every roan or compartment door. Men such buildings are two • (2) or more stories high, exits shall conform to the require-.3 20.12 .01 Division 2: Isolatedltanle for the storage of liquids mints of Section 5.1b.0i.lXL. EXclo' IONS or gases, radio towers, flag poles and .04 Division 3: AND DE-- similar structures may be constructed of unp•otected steel or VLATIONS iron, and tanks for the storage of water on the roofs of .01 Structures classed in Division 3 of Group "I" buildings maybe of wood or unprotected steel, enclosed with ` ; located on the ground shall have not less than walls and roof as required for the building. i two (2) separate and remote paths of exit to a street or .02 Division 3: Buildings or structure of Division 3 of other similar public space. Group "I" which are encicsed shall be 1 .02 Such structures located or, the roof of anyGroup classified in Group "A" or "B" in accordance with the defini- "U", "O", or Division 1 of Group "F" occpancy tiers thereof aril shall comply with the requ-renants therefor shall have exits complying with the requirements of Section ttrouF heat. 5.18.64,02, except that-where the ;roes floor area of such .03 Division 4: Exit lights may be orittsd when such structure does not exceed one thousand (1000) square feet one (1) enclosed interior stairway or smoke-proof tower whichbuildingssuf are for used only dng. the hers has a width not less than forty-four (44) inches may serve that natural light is sufficient safe-seeing. as required means of egress. • .03 Such structures located on any building of Group5.20.13 Separation of Group "I" occupancies or divisions thereof, "I'" occupancy and/or for private use only, shall UCUPearn from ell othere occupanciesnC or divisions of cccurnancles shall not be required to comply with the above requirenents. OCCI�ANCY be as specified in Chapter 11. 5.20.06 .01 ':ivision 1: T IJGIff AAD VES'rIIATION .01 3uildings classed in Division 1 of Grout, "I" 6.21.01 17 which are accessory to any Group "D", "0" or "H" occupancy ' with and which have openings into such buildaings shall be provided walls fix to r ne louvared dthe flooror nleveell n g the chlrear ougareta of which h extericr PART VI shall be not less than sixty (80) square inches per motor ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS • vehicle accommodation. .02 There shall be no openings from any attached CHAPTER 21 - LIVE AND DEAD .GADS cloned garage to the interior of the main build- ing except through corridors, passageways, vestibules or some 6.21.01 .01 Loads: Buildings and all similar arrangement and the interior of the main building >; parts thereof shall • shall beprotectedagainstbe so designed and constructed as lto ive possible accumulations om g gas by • support the estimated or actual impose! dead and live not less than a six (6) inch step up from the garage floor loads including construction loads in addition to their or by a six (0) inch curb across the doorway, own proper dead load, without exceeding toe allowable 03 No windows shall open from the interior of the stresses for the various materials as specified in this main building into any closed gar Part: provided, that no building or part thereof shall �• be designed for live loads less than ehose specified 1 .02 Division 3 and 4: in this Chapter. .01 Such buildings or structures shs!! be provided in .02 Design: All systems or methoes of design or all portions, sub-divisions or roans for human construction shall admit of a ratiech- occuparncy with either natural or artificial light and vent!!- analysis in accordance with accepted principles of mec - 1. ee-e t+at.lon hp e#Ocified in Section 6.18.04, nnics. �1. „ ' .02 Such buildings which are used for human occupancy 6.21.02 The following unit live loads shall ce taken as the during the hours that natural light is in mufti- UNIT LIVE minimum live load in pounds per square Coo; to be used dent for safe-seeing, shall be provided with exit and emer- LOADS in the design of buildings. Live loads, at least equal, gency lights as specified in Section 7.23.09. shall be assumed for occupancies which are not listed, ee but which create similar loadings. 1ENCI'5.20.00 ' All elevator shafts, stairways, vent shafts and other verti- .01 Group "A" Buildings: DBl1Ri OF cal openings shall be enclosed as specified under Types of VERTICAL Construction in Pert III and in Chapter 28. Auditoriums 75 01ENINGS Balconies 100 Corridors,Foyers,Passageways 100 5-20.07 .01 Standpipes and fire extinguishers shall be installed as Sta Dregeways 100 E l�Rfi- specified in Chapter 33; except that where more thans 150 i�'`m ION AND three (3) motor vehicles are stored in one (1) closedgarage, Dressingi Rooms, Fly-galleries 50 AWARDS such buildings shall be equippedwith not less than 1 Grid-irons, 75 two and one-half (21) gallon hemical fire-extinguisher. .02 Group "B" Buildings .02 Chitmeys and heating apparatus shall conform to the re- Auditoriums Fixed Seats 75 quirements of Chapter 34. !lovable Seats 100 .03 The storage or use of volatile inflammable li quids, Balconieso 100 4 Corridory, Boyers,Passes ways 100 other then fuel oil, in Group "I" buildings shall be Stairways 100 restricted to amounts not exceeding one (1) gallon which an Platforms 100 amount shall be !opt in tight or sealed approved container. Library, Reading Rooms 60 Inflan,nable liquid in the tanks of motor vehicles shall not Stockrooms 125 be restricted in amount. Fuel oil storage shall comply with Dressing Rooms 50 the requirements of Chapter 34. .C4 The gas service shall be separate to each fire division 03 Group "C" Buildings: and each suet,service shall have I separate shut-off Auditoriums Fixed Seats 75 valve located at a convenient and conspicuous place outside !lovable Seats 100 the building Where there is more than one (1) etch shut-off Balconies 100 valve they shall be adequately marked. . Lobbies, Corridors,Passageways 100 .06 The service of hazardous utilities shall conform to the Stairwaysn 100 C requirements of Section 5.11.09 and other portions of ass 1 this Code applicable thereto. Cllasss Rooms s 50 0 5 .06 Transformer vaults shall comply with the requirements Group ^D^ Buildings of Section 8.34.09 and Part XI. • Assembly Rooms Fixed Seats 75 Movable Seats 100 *'' Lobbies,Corridors, Passageways 100 �• Stairways 100 Rooms, Cells 50 '. - - 611.02 6 21.03 a .D5 0rouy "s" Buildings .02 A live load or not less than two.hundred car vehicles and load (200) pounds per linear foot shall be cal- ages - culated as applied to the outer perimeter or all exterior mOer 20,000 la, 150 a ntilevers and when the stresses so calculated exceed Garage, - vehicles for not those based on the uniform live load, the higher stress,, over elxpmeaerpere 100 shall be used In making the design. Hangars 150 Storage - Heavy 250 Light 126 0,21 0 .01 Roofs. having a riseof four (4) In twelve (12 Manufacturing - medium 250 ROOF LIVE or less• shall be designed for a vertical liv. ightlo 1257 LOADS load of thirty (30) pounds per square font of horizon Light 5 tal projection applied toany orall slopes. ith • rise of more than four (4) and less than twelve.ilia) .06 Group "x" Buildings vertical live load of twenty-five (25) pounds" hal be assumed. Where the rise is twelve (12) 1n swells Storage - Heavy 250 (12) or greater, no vertical live load meet be asswred Light 125 but provisions shall be made for a wind pressure a Manufacturing - Heavy 2005 specified in Section 6.21.05.01, acting n mal to th Medium 125 roof surface, applied to one (1) slope at a time.g Light 50 WP 150 Wholesale Stores - Heavy 125 ,03 Roofs, used as roof gardens or solariums or fo ' Light 100 other such purposes hall be designed floor. Retail Stores - Heavy 100 co support the loads prescribed for corresponding ocou ht CO pencien Po we and PlumbinggPlants 200 BrFice dialogs -Corridorsr 50 6 21 05 .01 Slabs and Joists: No redaction in assumed liv 100 LIVE LOAD leads shall be permitted o Stairways 100 REDIA;TIONS any slab or joist construction. Restaurants g0 .Or Croup "C" Buildings .02 Beams and Girders: A live duct loads osedf in the the ote de Hotel Rooms, v area Apartments 40 sign f beams and girders, based ontributary floc r idors,Paasespways,2tai aya x0 shall be permitted as noted In the following table Lobbies, Dining Boons and This reduction shall not apply to buildings used fo Public Spaces 80 storage. manufacturing or w ehouse purposes, and she permitted such reductions shall not be carried int, .OP Group "N" Buildings the culwnns. Single family dwellings - TRIBUTARY FLOOR AREA REDACTION ALLOWED Room over .5006q.eFt. 40 (square Yogi (Pareentl Single family dwellings - 100 5 Other Parts SO 200 10 Convents, Monasteries 300 or more 15 and Dormitories 40 Lodging Houses 40 .03 Columns: A reduction in the total lives oan .00 Croup "I" Buildings n the number of floorssed n the design hell f be itte: • c noted in the following table. This reduction fi private Garages, Porte-cocheres so hescd on the full assumed live load being applied t: Reviewing 64Ws, Grad Stands, ..he total colmnn area at each floor and the roof. Stadi Cabanas, Bath-houses 350 .el Storage and Warehouses: 8.21.08 .01 Concentrations: In the design of floors, con- COLUMN REDUCTION ALLOWED SRiCIAL sideration shall be given to SUPPORTING (peasant: LIVE LOAD the effects of known or probable concentrations of load Roof only 0 CONSIDER to which they ey be subjectedand nd In buildings de- ATIONB signed for the occupancies 2 - floors and roof 5 listed 1 - floor and root 0 herein, floors Shall be made capable of carrying the prescribed distributed loads or the following minimum concentrations, which- 2 - floors and roof 104 . floors and roof 10 ever may ns result in greater stresses. The coneen- y; Y 5 - or more floors and roof 20 a trativns indicatedshall be assumed to occupy spaces or two and one-half (2g) feet square, and so laced as to produce maximum stresses in the members effected: .02 Ilankreetuting, Stores and Garages: COLUMN REDUCTION ALLOWED .01 For office floors, including corridors, e. SUPPORTING Ire+a+"e, . load of two thousand (2000) Pounds. Roof only 0 .02 For garages, a load equal to one-half (p) _ 1 - floor and roof 0 the total weight of the maximum loaded 2 - floors and roof 10' vehicle. 0 - flp0re an more do f 20 4 - Mobs orand roof 20 . .03 For le sifieddoors, plats, e load of two hundred .02 Booed, Aper ag hts a nd l tent and Office Buildings. (200) poundlar tm s _ COLUMN REDUCTION ALLOWED .02 Partial loadings: Consideration shall be given SUPPORTING IFgr eent1 14 to the effect of partial as well as full live loading. oof only 0 - floor end roof 0 .03 Impact: The live loads prescribed may bee wed - floors and root 10 to include sufficient allwane tole - floors and roof 20 the effects of ordinary impact. For special occupancies - floors end roof 20 beand me ee di by suitably s lint easing the assumed livens loading. root 40 - orrors moreafloors and roof 50 .04 Machine loads: In designing floors to mbe used 6.21.06 The live load forwhich each floor or pent thereof for industrial commercial POST/NG of a commercial or ndustrial building is hy4been purposes, the wooed live load caused by the shall LIVE WADS designed shall be posted in a conspicuous plan in that which the building or part thereof, is is on put, part of each story in which they.apply. It•sML) be ma` be used in the design, and special stock which provisions would shall be awful to remove or deface such gns, and t 8e uq greateree for loads th, apparatus would cause pant of the building shall be responsible for'pi;I• than specified orear such usein Section the actual load from exceedin the allowable limit.' G.21.02. .05 Lateral and Uplift Forces: 6 21.07 .01 Plans for ether than Group •H" buildings. filled .01 In the design of basement walls and similar OCCUPANCY with the Chief Building Inspector for approval approximately vertical structures below PERMITS shall show the live loads per square foot for Which rade, the forces du. to lateral pressure or the adjacent every ortion of the floor area has been designed, and soil shall be calculated. Due allowance shall be made occupancy permits for buildings hereafter erected shall for any possible surcharge from fixed or moving loads. not beissued until signs as required in Section 8.21.00 when a portion, or the hole, of the adjacent soil is have been installed. below a free water r surface, calculations shall be based .02 No changes in the occupancy of a building, o theon weight ofte soil as diminished by buoyancy, Nxl cal g or hereafter erected. shall bemade Plus full hydrostatic pressure. until a revised occupancy permit has been issued by .02 In the design of basement floors and similar the Chief Building Inspector certifying that the floors approx imate lu nor i zontal structures Del aw are suitable for the loads characteristic to that pro- grade, the upward pressure of water, If any, In the posed occupancy. supporting soil shall bee taken es the full hydro-static pressure applied over the entire area. 6.21 08 .01 Id ind Pressure: For the purpose of design. wind .03 Balcony and stairway railings exterior WINO RE buildingspre tun uor pon-all vertical not be and Interior, shall bedesigned' to resist dD IRLIE;NTS taken surfaces ofsb of ildisd andand/or dsn ucturesl shall shall not table: a horizontal thrust of twenty (20) pounds per linearat o foot applied at the top of the rail. YAXIIIL'II HEIGHT NORMAL WIND PRESSURE .OG Cantilever Projections: ABOVE GROUND OVER ENTIREv HE1 GIIT I Feeti (Patine.' rp qa e to .01 Cantilever projections on the exterior of 05 25 buildings when subject to human oc upanoy • 75 05 • shall be designed for not less than one hundred (100. over 75 45 pounds per square root live load. .02 Over-turning: The over-turning moment result- . .02 cantilever projections on the exterior of Ing from wind calculation shall buildings, when used as fixed awnings, mar in no case exceed fifty (50) percent or the dead low: Hodes or for other similar purposes, not subject to resisting moment. human occupancy, shall be designed for not less than fifty I50) pounds per square foot live load. • G 6.11.09 .21.08 .02Stresses: For combined stresses due to wind .04 Roofing an other due to wind only, the allowable aduit satressesr for tmay be increased not to exceed four-thirds e(4/0) tines the (Pewee a�resses WEIGHT f values given in this Code for thu la used, ashinglesr• °o cept as provided for fawdatio, in Section 6.21.10.02. Asphalt shingl 4 In nocase shall the section be less than would be 6 required if the wind stress were omitted, State _ 3/16 inch thick 1/4 Inch thick 0 • .04 Exceptions: 10 Ter gravel 0 .04 Buildings am structures, the height f Sheet lead 1 wM11rI does not exceed one and one-half Clay tile. Raman, g wind loads as the above,, when not be designed ticonr 5'ayligM1 ts. metal wire glnseLud^v i,1 20 Lo 28 rigidity ofs the rstructure. Buil as to dings and/or ^truc contribute to e tures in which the width is a sinele structural span 'ell Loads from Partitions; shall rot be ox eS.ted though the height may be less than one and one_I.alf (34) tines the width. .01 Ion buildings i in whicht sshull beet partition their suppo ing structural counted a .02 The wind pressure upon roofsigns, urs, ing ud design of all upounda 55, re] to and radio towers d other iilr water fixes, d load; and innmts and orti n;� e, as part build exposed tructures shall bo taken at not less than Ing e dead dwhich the rib those portions of office need; fifty (50) pounds per square font acting in any dIr tarty (gp) pounds prescribed live loud does not talon and applied to not less than two (2) tise the Lion weigh per squares Coot, allowancet nt rarti net area, r.less than twenty-five (25) percent of tiers are shown onplans be made, whether or not partl • gross ara or on eplan surface. In calculating the plans. t ie:rsl pressure solid exposed circular tanlm, towers 02 If layout of partitions Is included a orustacks thisi pressure t'hall be assumed to act on the nbuildin projected area. when the % plans, tienuned of accordrd. over turning moment of stwh structures resulting frm.i mice tIereHt,`or locations such lay-out he le t weights used In the above lculatlone exceeds the dead load resisting en equivalent load pery eut foototall be ed to a applie, rent, storm guysshell be provided which shal be uniformly squareOSe _ nd foro to r poi to approved by the Chief building Ins y assuper-Imposed Dwane for dead ' Iio purposes .Inspector. neunssn But aie allowance partition Ian weight he ex- pressedpxof buildingsusgiven square t officeootto r, hhen UNIT D0 .01 Weight of Materials:l p; , e in pounds per foot of limp shall, or.UNIT ogee a ,be less than two (2) Pounda fee each foot 1 LOADS .01 The actual weight of the elements of con- structionclear story height. ported shall te cto ]n dDofethe m materials s the be e Dade. .03 Inn estimating loading from e actual eights The materials in the following table shall bs assumed partition occupies s al space it may be assumed that the Co weigh not less than therein indicated: tl^et ion may emade ofpthe ce one (loadu displaced by de- this MATERIAL WEIGHT width b0,nds per Cole awe) ,04 Floors for office oeogeney or other occu- pancies Erick Masonry 140 tams without r subject thetarrangement of parts- Erick Cast Iron 450 beams and girders, shall be des ignedCede. Stone pas onry 144 acditlon t other lods, a single partition to support,fIn Concrete, plain ng tton, Ar the type Concrete, reinforced 150 used In thepartitionsbu11h1ll placed inse m sd totrel. Arch action Earth, dry and packed 100 150 of' mem shall not be assured to relieve the Steel 400 porting members. sup- Earth,Masonry 160 Timber 50 6 21.10 .01 The Load for which foundations shell be designed Water G2determinedATION shall preferably be determined in the following .02 The actual weight of assembled EFBpOM manner. The area of the.tooting or ben of piles Ombled elements shall be determined under the coheir having the great- of construction hall be used n n,eaten- est percentage of liveload, bydl total lotion of dead leis:. In he absence o spe ie databy there n able soil pressure 1�d pMpe. rr Justifying other ass dens, tie weights listed in the results obtained the dead loud sell pressure or it the f^I lawiot tables shall be tie per pile shell be determined by divld,rg Um total d -load by the area of the Meant, or tie =Meer of p]_ .01 Partitions and Mello: as determined fron the tbtel load, and such figures shall be esad t ddmtarreine all other foundations from WEIGHT total deed la y .'TM total reduced live load in the • doom per swum. peer) maimed t above the footing shall be the 1144 Wooden Studs - plastered two sides 18 Limed used In the above computations. plastered one (1) side 10 .02 Where the FF e we on the tmeWal.or due to wind Sella Plaster - one (1) inch thick 10 is less ilea twenty-five (25) percent of that due to dead and other live loads, is may be neglected Clay Partition Tile 2 Inch 13 in the footing design. Where this ratio exceeds twenty- 16 4 tech 38 five (25) percent, foundations shall be so designed that the pressure due to combined dead, live and wind 6 inch 25 loads shall not exceed the allowable soli bearing values 8 Inch 30 or eliowable loads per pile by more Ilan twenty-five Clay Load Bearing Tile 6 inch 35 percent. 8 inch 41 10 inch 477 6.21.I1 The Chief Building Inspector or his authorized repre- Salln Gype um Tile 2 inch 7 LOTAD selontativre shall have the right to order tie test, under 2 inch 12 structure any nptle conditions completed been'mending asgto told/or Hollow Gypsum Tile 3 inch 10 reasonable doubt as to the adequacy d the building 4 inch 1'J and/ struc ture to serve the purpose 'or which 1t v 6 inch 13 mended. Such tests shall not be required to be made 8 inch 22' on any concrete construction which is loss than sixty Hollow Concrete Wall Blocs® 4 rack 25 o(GO) dens old. In such tests, the member or portion f he tructure der onnsideration shoal be subjected 6 inch 53 to a superimposed s e 1 osed load equal to two 12) times the live 12 inch 70 load, p] tthe dead load. This load shall bs left in Plaster direct-an masonry, am (1) side 6 position for a period of twenty-four ( q) hours before so removal. If during the test or upon renoval of the Weed furring, lath and plaster 10 load, theor _ i- dens: failure,member such portion o the modifications a shows cure Sash, including glass and frame 8 necessary to mk the structure adequate tfor the rated capacity shall be made, where permtesable a lower ling shall be established. The structure or portion .02 Ceilings; under test will be considered to have fulled If within e of thenslswabeO hours after lhreavc the t^ abar assdonWa removal of load,ser seventy-five (73) percent the max:mum deflection Mauna. Fnt) shorn during the twenty-four (24) hours whale under Plaster - Direct on concrete y 5 load. Such tests shall be c the experse of the On wood atreppiig Ertl lath 8 or the agent and no responsibility therefrma shall attach On meter lath 10 to the City of Miami Beach. On metal lath, susperded 15 Mood sheeting - one (1) inch thick 4 .03 Finish Flooring: WEIGHT mound. per nosed Foot) Wood sub-floorirm o ne (I) inch thick 4 Hard wood flooring 3 Wooden block 4 (Monolithic tz . Terrazzo 12 Tile 10 _ Asphalt mastic 10 Paving ick 13 Cementsetting beds 12 N a 22.OI • f _ s.22 O3 CHAPTER 22 - EXCAVATIONS,-FOOTINGS AND'FOUNDATIONB B.R2.G9 '•01 Garret All footings shall b cometr t a o< SOILIPARIXO reinforced concrete as specified 1 • PO@LAS1oXG Chapter 23 and in this Section and shall, inner as • practicable. be so designed that the and lopad t 4 6.22.01 .01 Protection: Until have provisions for -permanent sup- pressure shall be uniform throughout the bulldtiig for I EXCAVATIONS port have been made, ally excavations the type or types or soils. - shall be properly guarded and protected so as to pre- vent the same from Ode eming dangerous to life and limb, .02 Continuous Footings: and shall be sheet piled, braced and/ornd shored, where necessary, e y, to prevent the adjoining earth caving .01 Buildings up to a includi g two (2) stories, In;excavation such a protection to be by the person causing the of thirty (30) feet exclusive of parapet walls. v tion to be made. No excavation, for any purpose. shall be considered as wall bearing unless specifically shall extend within one (1) foot of the angle of repose designed to be constructed and to act es skeleton free of the soil under any I1 belg afoot footingfounds- structures, and for such buildings the footings shall tier :mess such rooting or feuNit ion is orst no- e continuous and shall not be lees than required to perly under-pinned or protected against settlement. I,ep the soil pressure within that allowed in Section .02 Permanent Excavations: No permanent excavations 0.22.02 not less than the following m]nfmwre: shall be made nor shall MINIMUM CONTINUOUS BUII➢INO FOUNDATIONS any construction excavations be left on any lot or lots which will endanger adjoining property or buildings or Soil Tote I Type II and III Type IV be a menace to orpublichealth or safety. Anye suchx- Press .[frizz eanrmr l^urlerEa°roe, mii,irr cavations madentained shall be properly rained :mare Stories a yy ]2 yG yj f2 y2 h such ar a via ions s. ere"s.ch function properly 1400 A 48`=10^ 384h: xE: 2y"z12" E412^ agprov R as ends asd excavation gisrs. NT extends ngle o to adjoining property thann one (1) foot , 2000 ] x 42 1"z 1"z S"x of the angle of repose for that otectionr soil, proper in- 22gg �9yl Nl 1E22 22 ]y�2 y] gg prvisions Fe shall be made for protection of the adjoin- 2 o0"x 2fh12^ Ye9`x 12" 34"x L^." 21^x f2W property by means of aretaining wall whice shall 2NJ y gq xter On; 224141. 1^Mxt2" 21"xl'<7" le"xN"r extend above the natural grade. In all cases the - S 2Fryr 2P'rs12r 29 x1122^ SA`x 12 P1"xl2 . sport rbllity and cost of retairdng the earth of adjoin- ing property shall be that of the person causing the 5000 1 2f f2^ 28^x12" ;Vg: g",:L^"I �1"x12f excavation to be made. ,. 2T f2 2'1`z32 12 21 .03 Excavations to Mean Low Water or Deeper: When- .02 aMasonry fences which are three (N) o r re ever feet high shall have reinforce" concrete an excavation n is intended to be or shall be carried foundations, the minimum sizes of which shall be as or balm" ;lean Low Water, as Is established by City follows: 5°°nes, the person causing such excavation to be made (hall, at all times, if afforded thenecessary permission MINIM CONTINUOUS MASONRY FENCE FOUNDATIONS to enter upon the adjoining landprotect frtoma injury He fight of ,Mee onry Fence Minimum Footing at his own expense, preserve hich alai building or structure the safety of which 2._Ow J •x5" say be affected by such nxmar ether andsupport the 4'-0° 1O^x9" sane by proper it din foundations whether the wn more of"such ail, building or atrmtuhe are down a'-0^ 16"x8" less than to Mean Low Water. If the necessary permis- 6'-O" 16"x 10" soon is not accorded to the person making the excavation, 7'-0" 16"x 10" then It shall be the duty of the owner org to grant 8'-0" 1B^x l2" •h permission to male such wall, building structure 0'-0" 13"x120 snfe. and to supporta the same by proper foundations; 10'-0" lO"x 12" and when necessary for that purpose, such shall .03 Not less than twenty-seven ten-thousandths e permitted tobe enter upon the premises where such a - (.002i) of the cross-sectional area shall °ev tie" Is t made. be provided in longitudinal steel in all continuous .04 Excavations Above Mean Low Water: If such ex- reinforced concrete footings; which reinforcing shall cavation is be so proortioned in bars of uniform size that there • not intended to be orshall not be carried to Wean Low shall bnot less than five e(5) Inches nor more than Water, as established y City Grades, theowner of an; eight (8) nches between adjacent bars. Spices in such wall, building orstructure, the safety f hih may ars shall be not less than twenty-four (24) diameters be affected by suh excavation, shall preserve and pro- and all corners shall be properly tied. Such bars shah act tie .same from Injur andsupport tie same by proper be hld In place and alignment by not less than three- • foundations and when necessary f that purpose, shall eighths (0/8) inch crossbars spaced net overfour (4) be permitted to enter upon i premises where such ex- fee[ apart. when, in e opinion of the Chief Building cavation is to be made. Inspe star, unequal conditions of soil he loadingstel r • I quire the use of additional steel, , as e- quire] in the bottom of the footing shall palso re- . .05 Party Wall: In s 114644.case an adjoin pt.y'-[�yspeII steel anyebt three, foor r inches increasedom to sue suit[the condition:. causingson the gvssDlYaF+ijl'be eie uuMt theuseay - .04 Excavations for continuous footings shall wall is in good Mltflld^a)idi Olent forbe cut Oro to line and grade and she sides of the existing and proposed b'utl fogs, the person ems- - of ell such footings shall be formed, except that where • rg the excavation to be made shall. this n exyerea, soil conditions are such that the sidesn f the excava- preserve suchrparty wall from injury and support the samell Lien stand firm and square, the Chief BuildingInspector shall bb pe roper r na in faoundations, luetelY so aeet a nauch pes[before may waive the requirements for side ferns. PeC tar the excavation was commenced. • .03 Continuous footings shall be poured level .00 Enforcement: If the person whose duty 1t shall Igo shall be endma a yl changes ange in the the such foot- be, under sthe provisions of this section and design as the footings, or the smaller ane of Section, to;properly guard and protect an excavation the footings o joined. nga or to prevent adjoining earth from caving e reserve protect any wall, building orstructurei .06 Continuous foot; on f Crum lnoticeMll neglect or fail so to do after having gravity of the lode fall whichoutsidei centero thee had a notice oTlMenty-Pour (29) hours from the Chief middle third (1/3) shall be considered a Centric Buildig Inspector, the Chief Building Inspector shall and provisions shall be made to beder all work stopped until properprovisions have ore at the edges by means of counter-balancing e it orree- en ;ands. m may, is easeofnecessity, enter the other approved methods.fl" by premises and furnish such labor and materiels and do such work as, in his judgement.roil may be necessarymakeuch ap„ .07 When foundation walls wit fire less than prevent adjoining earth train caving Iro or to mills i, four 84) times their thicMUds in height. wall. building structure safe M secure. orto pre are to be vent the s from becoming unsafe or dangerous. 1 not less thanrone „alt (L ly from round,the food , dowels starement of the cost of such work shall be transmitted °^ f3) libinch in th lass than to the CityCouncil, who shall cause the same to be at in (4a) Haim tern ]dry Dell De laced 1n en Pootogg ti I^t°rvsle n L e o dine Tour (o) feet. the" fm In and levied as lien against Om property of the mess relic which are four (4) Or more times their z,thick- paidthe owner made responsible under this Section. near In hdo el ar Lo be footing, g Poured separately from the vertical steel dowels of eswall and not lees Ban fortes the DEARING .01 Statement: Plans for newbuildings and alter. (41) diameters long shall be provided in the footing. . CAPACIG at ions to existing buildings whenng. CAPACITY Solt, shall bear tseor as to the character of ,02 Isolated Footings, OF SOILS the soil tinder ire footings or founds[ions. .02 Presumpt lyel Capacities: In the absence of a .01 Isolated footings shall be designed as pe satisfactory er 0.2a.24. Such rfootings rc hall then seabed EOQdethe riby ill() sustainin power of soil. different soils shallmane oP r lnforced Sacra to beams, foundation ally be deemed safely sustain the following loads per or flow slabs Lust fie their position hall De definitely square foot relate ined under ill] c nditiere. Be ems er floor sys- MAxiW11 SOIL PRESSURE tema, the lowest point of which Is four (4)shall or more feet a NATURE OF SOIL Meat r atv f fo,t, eftlorea see adequatve the e of llheee otherthe g ea tls fac Eery con- mane Mangrove " net prnv ided, cone to [lea anal] be regal red et Man ID^ ormore fill over 1000 the footing level which ties shall, when supporting 8gsuper Lnpased lose have least aimensl°n t lees Filled Ground no mangrove under 2000 than -sixteenth (1/16) of the clear distance between Sand and Loam 3000 footings and a minimum re inforcemeM. oe ore (1) parsean Natural Sand 5000 or the cross-sectional area. Where the-soil under a building ]s of two or more class .Of Gxnevet lv ns rnr lenlatea fees to�ta heel :In iflcations, the bearing capacity of the more yieldlne cut true to line and grade end the sines soils shall be reduced not less tan twenty five (25) of all ch a°otings shall be ormed except that where pe,'een0. s it conditions aresuch that the sides of the a 02 Soli Tests: When a doubt arises to the safe non stand firm a square the Chief Building Inspector u taining power f the oft upon may waive this r qulrement. Inspector which a building is to be supported. the Chief Building ,09 Isolated footings Inspector may require that-test-holes or borings be grav l[Y of' the laea on which the to lde tin flan made and/or soil bearing tests be performed in accordance die era-third (1/2o f y elm pas,in Lure h the with r 'oxnized methd by and the expense of the C near etf gravity f"the foot] q ug of tie proposed buildin . Tests made to determine tro, a pr°visions shall•be al lde [eons lee rem the sustaining power of soil shall be de in the pees- once tie pressure under the footingbyequalize of the Chief Building Inspector and a record of the or other approved methods. means made footing straps teat filed with him. 6.22.03 6.22.01 04 Where concrete footings support reinforced shall develop not less than five thousand (5000) Toot t in number and area lwrvrs, doels at least equival- pounds t enery per blow. The minimumweight of a length not to the reinforcing and drop hamer e3 for such purpose shall be two thousand havingngforty-eight (48) diameters (2000) pounds and the drop of such hammer shall not shall be provided In the footing. Suuh dowels, o _ erased ten (10) feet. bolts required for steel lone, shall be held ttoopro proper grade and location during the pawing or the .03 Allowable Loads: The imp sod load on any ling by mean of templates or by otterapproved methods, e having dlexeter of six (8) lnchea nd a dlav4er at the cut- 8.2E.M .01 General: off of ten (30) Inches shall not ex red twenty-five PILE thousand (25,000) pounds, whic may is Increased for FOUNDATIONS .03 Piles used for the support or anylarger piles by two thousand (2,000) pounds for every structureor shell, lmortr as is building Inch by which the um of the diameter,. at the tip and able. be driven to rock bearing, ir minimumerect le_ cut-off exceed sixteen (18) inches; nor shall the load of ffeourteen (NI feet. The methods used penetrationIu on formulae: pile exceed that given by the following minimize ther idamage t and oo therpile penetrations entbleto susch cgs tot cent buildings or structures. any edit- Drop Ne:rmer p= 2Wh s + 1.0 .02 Piles shall not be driven closer than two feet, to an 12) feet, norjetted closer than ten (30) Steam Hammer Single Acting . , p_ 2Wh isting building er structure. s + 0.1 • .o Na single pile shall loaded eccentrically Lr!telly whenre such r shall any group of piles be loaded °co Double Acting . . e 2 (W s Ap) F iles in the group to be loaded in excess ld o the allow- le or x U.1 able loads asrovided in this Section. ofhere neces- sary, �M Precast Concrete P11es: oting straps or other approved methods shall berequired to equalize the loading on the piles. .01 Quality and Sleet Precast concrete piles .09 Types of piles which are not shall be cast of con_ provided for con- crete which pill develop not less than tee thousand ' in this Section shall conform to the r (s0 p ifisd innn squarer 2a, In forced ith (26) days quiremonts herein for the type which It most nearly specified Chapter reinforced with not per- approximates, les- subject to such additional requirements than two andeore-area (n}) nor more lhan fear Theh) as may be made by the Chief Building Inspector, cent of the core area s n longitudinalbeproportioned sew 1. s of thanfour longitudinal steel shall a minimum Ciared to not less Nomenclature: For the purpose f this Section, ter (4) bars with a diameter o of five- .02 formulas shall have the symbols as following used In following arstwa h5e minimum Lieu fdr aquae pl lee, of = [ncn or bare fthAl diameter of barssf (l Inch for cud piles. All the longitudinal shell be uniform A - Area of piston of steam hemmer in square In sire and shall be tied by not lase than one-fourth inches. ({) Inch round steel hoops spaced not over eight (3 d - Diameter or least dimension of Inches in the body of the pile end not over three (3)1 strokedrop pile in Inches. inches for the first eighteen (18) Inches Sr both the Height of fall of a hammer or length butot: and b the tip. All longitudinal bars shall be pro_ of of a 'Loam harmer in feet, monolithic with t ,the ss core han twoFriction concrete piles inches of a cast shall L - Total final penetration or pile in inches. have an average dimension not less than nine (0) inches and point bearing concrete Ilea shall has anaverage dimension not less thahasn nine (0) Inches nor less t P - Allowable total load. n p - Pressure on platen In steam hammer in pounds one-twentieth (1/20) of the length between the bearing per square inch, end the bottom o the lowest rigid member which provides e - Avery penetration of not less than five lateral support In the direction considered, and a mini- (5) blows, in Inches. eta dimension at the tip not less than the average di- mersion minus three (3) inches. W - Weight of drop hammer or the ran of a steam .02 Detailed Requirements: hammer in pounds. Ir - Total weight of pile. .01 Piles shell be so located that the .0.3 Wood Piles: anycenter to center distance between ll'two3)(2)imesethe Fleastedimension a a shtwo butt.. one .01 Quality and Sipe: Wood piles shalt be in one timber ems Vlnrne noevidencesof de piece, of approved .02 Single 'liesshall as kin a ends o lay(fee from short _ pragt!cable be ss driven that Ise bug tor reAas vends o mewl drawn from the of length of' concrete may be cut back which will expose CM butt tip.the center t the tip shell. lie center with- not less tn twenty-four (24) diametersof the longl- • n the body of the lie. The diameter of wood piles tudinal steel for purposes of to obtain the imposed • shall he net less than six CO) inches at the tip and or exposed When not practicable Co obi the such lengthnutter not less than ten (10) inches, two (2) feet from the f ssit ed longitudinalelongitudinal of o a amend • butt for piles which Are foe ntySlve (25) feet or less and site the steel ant not less than in length or twelve (12) inches, two (2) feet from the th h-a heads oft (48) piles ands long shall be drilled into butt far piles which exceed twenty-five (25) feet In the l the piles and be thoroughly soM1n not tto. Care length. NO ples which have a spiral grain such as shall be o Yen in suc drilling en of to tlamage would exceed one (I complete turn In forty (40) feet the pile. shall be used. .03 Pile clusters shall be copped with .02 Detailed Requirements: tend laterallyreinforced concrete which shall ex_ of allpiles nd not ess o six (ss inchesen on ) Sides .01 Wood piles shell he located thatvertically not lhs lows six ( ) ary the center to center distance between below i cut-off elevation of the lowest pilein any any two piles shall be not leas than two and one-half separated group. (21) tlines the least dimension of the piles at the butt. ,04 pre-cast concrete piles shall be driv- en.02 Untreated woad piles, in all ases, possibleother re shall be taken towctp tad top shall be cut off not higher then one gains[ atteri and crumblingprotect the top (1) Coot abovemeanlow water established by City longitudinal reinforcingbars free' receivinto g prevent di the rect neee, and sha on capped with concrete. Such con- nnrete shall extend late ally not less than six (6) inches v Idedt of the hearer. Jets may be used except aspro- 6. n all sides of all piles and vertically not less than etri in Section the .truot re.fo as hic otherwise be six (6) Inches below the cut-off of an individual pile, detrimental ng driven to •or exists Set adjacent- enth the piles or below the cut-off of the lowest pile In any group arebeing when ti to existing dtostructures.fe- ar piles. Jetting, pe le, yile lined wore or a- cilitatte themovement of the Vile to not closer than .03 Wood piles supporting structures overthan. three (3) feet from its final location; the last he the ground may be Cup off at any ale- three o (a)hleetr of page vetion to be eDtnlnea by the vation above an low water, but below the ground s e or •� ' face, provided that such plies shall be treated with .05 Hammers used to tlr Sva L con- Grade 1 creosote oil ender pressure in such manner as prase tam rnet less than twelve 12 Pounds f creosote to the following requirements: am least pre-east oil per cubic foot. Ins n cases, the pile cu -ofs e^ shah( be thoroughly coated with Ern (2) application(' PILE SIZE STEAM HAIRIER D0 pr hot creosote ell, followed by a coating of hot as- MCJIGS Foot Pounds sayerllnienWe:ght NMsxisn Fall hrlt. Square Rowd per ala. ranch rut .04 Wood pileswhich support a structure IC aver Ater may project above the water 12 14 5,000 000 3000 10 to such height asmay be necessary for structural put- 10,000 9000 10 poses. provided, other however,then o thatn w such piles used to boat landings,support lY 16 9000 10 other similar light structures, shall be treated with Exceptions: Where not more than ten (30) percent of rade 1 creosote oil under pressure in such manner as the piles favor any building or.structure to retain not less than twenty (20) pawls of creosote requirere the use of heavier lamer 'eider the above table oil per cubic foot. forhth elbalanes ceDofd theopiles� the hammer as required .05 Pressure preservative treatments for e o piles as prescribed In this Section .03 Allowable Loads; The imposed load on any shall be in conformance with the requirements of the ore (1) -sat concreteerlcan Wood Preservers Association for the treatment pile shall net exceed the following ve(uee: s bwood piles in effect at the time of passage of this ode Plle, SIZE• FilledIC Natural POINT :SEARING ON ROCK .06 Wood piles shall be driven with a Square nRourd Ground Sand ru..ar be taken toptheeDr000pei gaorns li tin care shall r 30.000 preventDrooping orsplitting of either 10 12 856 1801 the butt or tip. When such such splitting does 12 14 300L 215L gg,000 occur at either end of the pile, uch end or ends shall Iq 10 1201 25U1 6g,000 be cut back to solid wood, If the length permits, or such pile shall be rejected, nor shall the load for any o (1) concrete pile exceed .07 Pile harmers used to drive wood piles that given by the following tormlee:nc 'v 6.22.01 6.22.06 ' 1 Drop Rammer P= �W„ z ( 1.0) v Sectionsh. ss � sLw° inches for the bearing• ofuc joists where B Ee en Namrer Single Acting P= 2Wh • .03 Tinorodorcecnc etfo wall emetmber,re- Steam g (e ♦ 0.1) lnfoeoad required in Section 0.25.1E hall be continued through 2 (N w Ay)h the, foMn.atlarew requirnto ed in extootin walls, suchere loadcobear- DoubleINm Acting P= x (a a o.i) ' a� <M relnro,ee®nt wall be cs rlad throug the tow- detlon wall, full size Into the Y°u data°n. Where (x) equals W but In noease Is less than 1.0. .04 Exterior faundetioehlleM1ew'Sehlek- are less than four (4) .05 Concrete-filled Steel Tubes: neoe in height above the footing shall not be requi of red toconform with the requirements➢ emen for re lifor heart,not .01 quality and Size: eesl than cannine (0) less'on than0.23.24.04,(f) inch round spaced not over four inches in diameter may be driven, any enclosed soil (4) feet, one-halfhch bars shall tend from three (3) inches pumped or blown out by air, and'the cylinders filled above the bottom of the footing to three (3) inches f Or rom rat not specified three Chapter 23.. Tire shells of son-such . mhe more times their of the sll. Stich thickness in which are above the four (4) piles shall be not less than three-sixteenths w(3/13) shall be reinforced as specified in Section 0.23.24.04, inch. and the vertical bars shall extend from; three (3) inches above the bottom of the footing to three (3)) inches feed .02 Detailed Requirements: the top of the wall, either in ore piece by means of dowels spliced. .01 Piles shall c be so located that the Interior Foundation Wells: center to ter distance between .02 any two piles shall be not less than two and -halfor (26) tines the diameter or least dimension at the butt. .Ol General: parts interiorthereof which are!ar winlCon- .02 Single piles shall be provided with tact with the ground shall be of poured-in-plane rein- notin less than the equivalent of four forced concretespecified in Chapter 2. The design the (4) five-eighths ( n 8) inch steel dowels, embeded in of such interior asoundation walls shall comply tithe the concrete core and projecting not less than twenty- requirements for exterior fondation walls specified four. (24) diameters each ay. In Section 6.2 05.01. Interior foundation wells are not in contactfl wited h thn e er ground may be constructed of .03 Pile clusters shall be capped with masonry as spec reinforced concrete which shallh l a Detailed Requirements: tend laterall not less than six nl6) inches all sides .02 of all piles and vertically not less than six (6) inches ,p] The detailed requirements for exterior below the butt elevation of the lowest pile in any cap- foundation walls as specified In Sec- vated group. tion 0.22.05.01.02 shall also applyto interior founds- .04 Shells shall preferably bedriven to tion walls of reinforced concrete. full bearin rock and every care .02 foundation walls shall be taken to thoroughly clean out the shells and shall Masonry a interiorio fop not less than to prevent the intrus ion of fore lgn matter before g inches and such walls whichkn are less than during pouring operations. The pouring shall be done ighta ( ) foot- by mean of a treble, regardless f whehernot there onca hlti,s their d with thickness lessin !Mena above e(the inches water present in the shelf or lug concrete reinforced with not less than two of poured .05 Any oapproveddamage hammer that will not (2) -half (it) inch oord1 times[the bars. thick- may tend to damage or buckletheshal walls height arefour (4) moreN°required for be used to drive such shells. A driving cap shall ° iny sinhall be Section constructed6.25.16 and Chaper 32.. be used : will the evendistribution of the imp- masonry we peer to all sides of the shell. .03 Grade Beams: .03 Allowable Loads; .01 General: Grade beans shall be reinforced .01 The imposed load on any one (I) inn.. concrete as specified in Chapterp to filled steel tube which bears 23, or structural stee as specified in chapter 26 Con- and rock having a thickness not less than two touted by fire-proofing as required under Types and one-half (2e) tuns the point diameter shall not struction In Part III and in Chapter 32. exceed five hundred (500) pounds per re Inch of .02 Detailed Requirements: n tip r q nor on equal tod hundreds se pounds hundredim square( inch thed enclosed t nits seventy flea (rthe) pounds per square Inch thesteel area _ ground floor sysMTn excepting CM outer one-sixteenth WIG) 0) inch. "---- .Ol Phan the first oris of supported concrete slabs or joist .02 The Imposed load onany one (I) con- construction, such floor system shall have full bearing crete filled steel ue wch dose t cn the grade beams, or shall be mtwlyithhiccmtherewith. • have point bearin shall not exceed for filled ground Such beam which are poured sear° beams and no (7.5tl1) and for natural sand (13ac). syastems shall be designed dfor rectangularT on or increased .06 Rolled Structural Steel Shapes: depth.wance shall n .01 Rolled structural steel shapes which are pro- .02 When wood, steel or precast concrete tented specified for combination coluw:s joist construction le used for the in Section 6.23.22.0E and which bear solidly onrock f?Clare eet ar ground flows, the width f the Daeme hall De having thicknesseatest not less than two and one-half (2k) not lass thanrequired w deri ChapYters 2 and 25. nor tame the greatest dimension at the tip may support loads lees for outside ➢came than tr., thickness f the e not exceeding five hundred (500) pounds par square inch at terror walls above pion four �4) inch.cur, nor hell he Year„ tip are nor the allowable load for the nceeed steel ing of such joists r they section as specified in Chapter 28. Such protected steel beam, exterior or interior, have a thickness less then shwa which are not point bearing on rook shall not be eight (8) inches. loaned in excess of seventy-five (75) percent of the values given by i oenmlae in Section 6.22.04.04.03. All Walls, built to retain or support earth, including .02 Rolled structural steel shapes which are 6'222'°6 RG fo=dation walls subject tospress refrom constructedj oining not protected by concrete easing and which RETAI ea tM1 and any sw-charge, • that In re- beer solid rock having a thickness not less than two and inforcea Murete and to aall be so designed they s b ten re- one-half• support loatsmno a ceeedinefive hundre dimens d (500 at )Poundshe t !WAILS eluding the Y pressures pressure the[ m y ex rat re a t�° rking inch a notthextipceeding nor a vale aswould be stresses in [he n erAte a n rainrorceme nt will not allayed forthe section a area calculated n accord- anceexceed throe !mean under Chater 23, the eon shnn with the provisions nr Chapter 26 and neglecting the not ebe over loaded, and the wall shall have proper • er .sixteenth (i/ie) in= of metal. Such unpro- stability. tee ted steel shapes which are not point bearing shall not be loaded in excess of seventy-five (75) percent of the values given by the formulas in Section 6.22.04.04.03. .07 sheet-piling, No wood or steel sheet piling shall be used to support loads other than renerete caps, seawalls. walkways and other similar st uctures. 6.22.05 .01 Exterior Foundation Walls• WALLSAAm)W .01 General: All exterior foundation walls GRADE 'iNU shall be of poured-in-place r GRADE inforced concrete asspecified 1n chapter 23. from the ��i:tNF footing to the botto o the first or ground floor con- struction- The design and construction of such walls shall conform with the requirements of Section 0.22.04, the requirements of Chapter 32 and those specified herein- .02 Detailed Requirements' - .01 When the first or ground floor system is of supported concrete slab or joist cnstruction. such floor system shall have full bearing • wn the exterior foundation walls The thickness of the all shall be determined by the requirements of Section ' O.22.29 for load and the provisions of Chapter 32 for fire proofinan ei ht inches.g nor less than°the e ethickness of theall it be less e wall gabove, .02 When wood, steel or pre-cast concrete n joist construction is used for the first or ground floor. the thickness of the exterior foundation walls shall not be less tan required in - 6.23.01 6,23.02 CHAPTER 23 - REINFORCED CONCRETE metel other thanf that provided for expansion and e 5.23,01 .01 Aelnforced concrete shall be of materials, pro- traction, is embedded in such r that the two REINFORCED portions, strengthand consistency specified materials act together in resisting ,• CONCRETE In this Chapter and stall be o designedab thods ter s. REQUIRE admitting of rational analysisaccording to established .23 Strut: A compression member other than RENTS rinciples o mechanics that e allwable stresses purposea cotton or lateral and usually and provisions of this Chapter shall be complied with. for pthe ea p oatprov lateraer ins erring the lnd comprestressssion areao membersor r 0.23.02 .01 The following weds and terse used in this Chapter DEFINITIONS of the Code shall have the meanings set forth in .24 Pater-Cement Ratio: The total quantity ATIONS ND NOTA. this Section. the concrete mixture including the surfaceof eraterscar- .01 Aggregate: Inert mterlal used as a filler n ed by thaggregate, expressed in tell of the (pan- in concrete. Y of eme:t. The water_cement rat to •hall be a .02 Blast- pressed In U. S. gallons per one (1) ninety-four (S4) Furnace Slag: A non-metallic prod- Pouts Dng of eem t. u Econsisting es- .02 The symbols and notations used In this Chapter sentially of silicates and ltviino-sillestes of limey which is developed simultaneously with iron In a blast are defined as follows: furnace. • .01 A - the total ora of a footingfotuga- .03 Coburn: An upright compression compression member, - iron at the e colon boa. fl(3; times its reset latche ell length ich xceeds three .02 A'- the ` loaded of e 'op M caisson piers. excluding Piles Lion at the c olum blest leg or loud_ .04 Column Capital: An enlargement or the up- .03 Ae- the a ea of the a eT C l:mne mad._ per part P a reinforces boosting. ured`te the outside of Ohs stays or concrete column designed anti built to act asa unit with the column and Plat slab. A framework of total ,Oq qr_ the effective cans-sectional area for the same purpose. of steel in tension in beam and .05 Column Strip; A portion of a flat slab labs, or in compression in columns. panel one-half (4) panel .05 A,„- he tota areaof in width occupying the two (2)-.one-fourth ( ) panel s section of areas outside Of the middle strip. See .18 lhlddle Strip, one (lei unit of web cross reinforcement. .00 Combination Column: A column in which a .06 a - the angle between in-1 lnetl web Dare designed to carry the principal structural steel sec- tion. a sx o seam. p' e e part of the load ,07 a - the thickness of the exterior sup- la e s d In such s manner that e! additional load pert in the drer ti on of the span mete be sallowed, in flat slabs. .07 Composite Column: A column In which a .08 a - the width of a race of a column or met iron turn designed to carry principal r el steel ort cap In footingdesign, V arry the inl 1 t of the load is encased in concrete containing rein- .09 b - the width ore era forcement at longitudinal and/or spiral steal. 'width includingrime fl use of en Tee- .06 Concrete: A mixture or Portland cement, Tee- bean. gate and water. tine aggregate, coarse aggro- .10 h'- the thickness of the web in beans Steel and the I or Tee section between the tensile .08 Diameter: The diameter of a square bar if the sides are rirregularesaton flange sloped, but or the average not wo er shaopposite ides. The diameter of a be °e defomeed barance sshal] twenty (20) percent more than the n1[Imen. be pthe diameter ofr of -section. a plain bar having the same area .11 Cr uponcontinuity coefficient for betiding depending cont and restraint. .10 Dropped Panel: The structural portion .12 C - coefficient, In te o-way slab de- af a flat cbeckereA throughout an area surrounding ache column ich s ther signadjacent depending alon capital. panel to dJ en lntowppane position et .13 c - the diameter of a column capital, or the top of the column If there .11 Effective Area of Concrete: Of aaroma- section, is no capital In fret elite. - -e reinwhich lie, between the ce tr old of e tens lle. .14 c - ate pro time of the f'netherows_ forcement and the compression surace In a bola urn Trm the ,nee it the orl:vm: or lab, and haing idth`egual to the width of the cap in footing design. orectangular bean or slab, or the effective width of the flange of a T_beas .15 d - the depth of beam or slab fromthe the to p ,span face to the Centrele or .12 Effective Area of Reinforcement; The arealongitudinal lnel tensile reinforcement. obtained by multiplying metal the right cross-sectional area of the .18 Er- the modulus or eleotl;fry of concrete Its dlrectfioncend thament t for which the e the cosine of ffectiveness nele eeeoen of square inch. in cempreslen] (11N10 P'c) peaches per the reinforcement is to be determined. .17 Er- the modulus of e(30, O0ty of Steel: .13 Flat Slab: AtY cono crete slab or reinforced directions, per square inch. thirty million (3U,D00,000) pounds genera rallllyuwithout beams or girders to transfer the loads c . .18 f - thee1imable ` in Concrete in pow.smperesquare r stress t .14 Nook: A hook made by bending length et inch. the end of a reinforcing bar one .10 r - the ultimate miosa lve of 1hared and eighty (1 ml age es about pin of a din- 29) days, concrete at the ageOf twenty-eight meter no lean than five (8) nor son than eleven (11) 1n pounds per square inch. bar-d]emcers with a straight extension of at least .20 f - the tensile unit stress In longltu- four (4) bar-diameters at the free end. pounds per .18 Laltuce: pXtrem]Y fine material of little square Inch, r d1ne1 reinforcement, In strength which may collect .21 P - the tensile unit stone in web rein- on the surface of freshly deposited concrete or mortar, v forconent in square inch. ' usually recognized by its relatively light color. pounds :,er .16 Riddle Strip: A portion of a flat slab .22 g - the sun or the perbe:era of the bars panel one-half (1) panel In width, in one set. symmetrical with respect to the p ] ter line M tending thr ough the panel In the dine tfen .2J h - the unsupported lergc, Of a corm, In in which bending moments are being considered. See inches. o.05 Column Strip. .24 I - the moment of Inertia of a section .17 Paneled Ceiling: The fling or flat aeeu! Lne dolt ra] aria pelwnal slab In which lq ez l_ lac to tee direction in which beMlwg Is 'oei g ce eldred. ed. matoly that portion of the area enclosed within the ,25 j - the ratio of the are of the resist- inter-section of the two middle strips is r duced in ing couple In D¢M1ng to the depth ' thickness. (M1) .18 Panel Length: In a flat slab, the dia- tame along a panel side .28 L - Spa n length of batons slabs;l length from center to center of columns, to center of lines ofwidth of flat slab panel, center .la pedestal: An upright compression member .27 L�- length or width f two-wayor flat whose height deed not exceed slab panel at right angle s to the three (3) times its least lateral d mono ion. ,llrection in which bending ie to be considered. .20 Portland Cement: The product obtained finely pulverizin .28 ➢ - once Bending moment ormoment of resist- byclinker produced by elctnl to incipient fusion an once in general. ee mace and celpel°•euam ymproportioned tenie Is, wiN nouadditio`n, sub- .28 11 the negative moment at one end of a sequent to Calcination excepting water and calcined or column strip In flat slabs. un'a lClmd gypsum. .30 N the negative moment et one end of a .21 Ratio of Nlnfercesent: The ratio of the middle strip in flat slabs. yeffective area of .31 II - the sum of the p sltive and negative treinforcement e]effect effective`ar a of ain section of ata that or ion: bendngmoments at Oa princple de- tosign sections of a panel of a lat slat. 1 .22 Reinforced Concrete: Concrete In which _ _ _. -- _ - I __ ._ .,......+rrseartmM ___. .. • . e.22.01 e,29,o2 .32 Mr" t the positive m nt at the mid-span '�, .04 Metal Reinforcement: [ a column strip in flat slabs. .22 Y the positive moment et the mid-span I, .01 Bars: Bars shall conform to the require- s" of a middle strip in flat slabs. menu of the "Standard Specifica- tions for Steel Cncrete Renforcement" of intermediate .24 m - the tangent of the angle between the grade Or for "Pall Steel Concrete Reinforcement Bare" h pression face of beam and the provision tdv the Society]foraTlstiingoMMaterials. The tensile reinforcement. frmed bars before testing shall be eliminated. fie- .25 n - the ratio of modulus of elasticity i formed bars, to receive that rating which permits the' , of steel to that of concrete (Er/Er). use of higher bond stresses than allowed for plain bars, sha have closely spaced shoulders, luge or profec .36 P - the total allowable axial load on a tiors formed integrall in rolling, of such nature as . pounds. short column, in to produce a bond orresistance to ipping when e - bedded in concrete, east twenty-five (25) percent .37 P'- the total allowable axial Iced on a greater than ntOf plain hot-rolled toted bars of long column. In pounds. equivalentcross-sectional area. .28 p - the ratio of the effective area of .02 Wire: Wire for concrete reinforcement tensile re inforeement in bending, shall conform to the requirements or of longitudinal reinforcement in columns, to the of the "Standard specifications for Cold-Drawn Steel effective area of concrete. Wirt for Concrete Re lnforcenunt' of the Amer lean So- ciety fee Testing Materials. Wire mesh with welded .30 R - the adius of gyration of a column intersections n t farther apart than twelve (12) 1n- t section. , chain (six (6) inches in web reinforcement) in the di- rection of the principle reinforcing, and with cross- .40 r - the ratio of the breadth to the span wires of at least No. 10 gage, may be rated for bond' of a panel of a two-way slab. as deformed bars. g .41 s - the spacing ofweb reinforcement Cement, s- .05 Storage of Materials: ment,laggre gate alai] wM alai],the AXIS of a beam, In 1na14s. stebe stored in a manner to prevent deterioration or the .42 s - the distance from the center of a intrusion of foreign matter. Any material which has " concentrated load to the nee st deteriorated or has been damaged shall not be used and support of a slab, equal to one-half (I) the spanfor shall be Smmedlately and completely removed from the concentrations at mid-span or for loads such as perti- work. Lions which are concentrated laterally and distributed t longitudinally to the Span. - 6.23.03 .01 General Requirements: .43 t - the thickness of the flange of a Tee- : QUALITY OF beam. CONCRETE .01 Design of concrete or reinforced concrete .44 4.- the thichiess f a flat slab near are upon theminimum buildings or structuresultimate under this Code day based of the concrete to be twenty-eight (28) column, including the dropped panel strength conoreuse if any. .02 Al] structural drawings and plans submitted .95 tr- thefLdroeds of a flat slab outside forapproval shall show the proposederceme st o of a dropped penal, es concrete toe bero used and/or h. eegrdless o ratio vied td produce that strength. P r of such .96 u - the bondstress per m1[ of surface specified 11water-cement "sole the concrete wn y ed u28) area of a bar. and used shall develop a strength in ansc -d-eight (ic) daysh no less than that shown the plans and on which .n V - the total shear stony dross-aeetmn, the design was based. .48 V'- the excess of the toted sheer over .03 No structural design shall be based on less the allowed resistance in shea of than "Average Concrete" asspecified Su Sectionthe concrete reinforeed. 6.23.04.02 and for such concrete stresses shall not exceed these based on two thousand (2000) pounds .49 v - the shearing unit stress, in pounds as specified in Section 6.23.10. Stresses based r. per square inch. concrete having a twenty-eight (28) day strength in exce of two thousand (2010) pounds, as speclfled Jr' .50 v'- the shearing unit stress, in pounds Sectio n 6.23.10, shall he Utter only where "con_ per square inch, over the allowed trolled Concrete" as specified in Section 6.23.04.0): unit shearing stress of the concrete nre inb reed. is used; but in o case shall design stresses be based on concrete develong more strength than thirty-five _: __ - hundred 19500) pounds in twenty-eight (28) daY1• No .51 W - the total uniformly distrubuted load _. upon a slab or on a slab strip. concrete which will not develop two thousand (2000) uniformly distrubuted total load per pounds per squa inch ormore in twenty-eight (28) .52 w - day shall be used in any structural member in any unit length of beam, orper unit are!. building and/or structure under this Code. ' of slab; soil pressure per unit areaunder footings. , ed nto .52 w - the actual width of a concentrated ,M classifications, "AverageConcrete shall bed and l"Controlled) load upon a slab. s provided in this Section. 9.23.03 .01 Portland Cement: Portland cement shall conform .02 Average Concrete: MITER IALS to the "Standard Specifics- ,01 Concrete which develops from two thousand AND TESTS dons and Tests for Portland Cement' or the "Tentative (2000) pouds to twenty-five badrea (2500) Specifications for Nigh early Strength Portland Cerant+ pounds per V inch at twenty-eight (28) rem shall of the American Society for Resting Materials. be considered square !p concrete and shall be the inimmn .02 Concrete Aggregates: concrete allowed dortad structural or fireproofing purposes .01 General: Concrete aggregates shall con- .02 During theprogress Of the work such reason- crushed rock, crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag tt materials thereof shall be made as may be required other durable flaky, es. Aggreates containing soft, by the Chief Building Inspector. In general tests of friable. thin, flaky, elongated or laminated particles the concrete nd/or the material() thereof shell be made totaling morethan three (2s percent or cm. icing shale for each two hundred (200) pvsapbg10s yards of each different in excess oand one-half (})percent, or sil and mixture of concrete being ylBgkd. Copies of such pests crusher dust onener than the M too b standard These shall be le to the Chief Builditg Inspector and in excess of two (2) percent shallshall be kept file by him for F reasonable length percentages shall be based on the weights of the cm- of time she shall determine. The Chief Building In- bittedaggregate, as sad In the concrete. When all specter may waive the requirements r tests on work three groups of thee deleterious substances are present ed involving in all less than two-hundred (200) cubic yar . In the aggregates, the combined nowt shall not exceed five (5) percent by weight of the combined aggregate. .03 Average concrete shall contain not lose than five (5) ofr cubic .02 Impurities: Aggregates shall not contain yard of concrete and sacks halll be Portl proportioned Ioemen acc accordancerrd ordce street alkali or organic mac- with the following table of assured strength. erials which give a color darker than the standard color when tested in accordance with the "Standard Method of APPROXIMATE PROPORTIONS FOR MIXING AVERAGE CONCRETE Test for Organic Impurities in Sends for Concrete" of the American Society for Testing materials. U. S. Galles Voles ofCenent to Aggregate Str th .03 Sizes: perm 4 pandn< plastic Measured Dry Net' rounds at 26 ys .01 The maximum size of the aggregate Ti 1 - 6 1 - Si 2000 shell be not larger than ogg-fiftM1 memberof the for which narrowestthe ccr te dimensionis between to be used dt Be 1 - 34 3 - 48 2500 nor larger than three-fourths (e)nofe the minimum clear distance .03 Controlled Concrete: between reinforcing bars. By the maximal size of aggre- gate is meant the clearbetween the sides of the .01 Concrete designed to carry etreeste in ex- malleetbyguaightpeing spaceoughwhich eighty-five (85) to of those based ontwo thousand moot) smallest ofthe materialcan passe pond concretes shll be controlled concrete and shall b proportioned mixed and placed under the supervision .02 The combined aggregate shall be of of Registered Structural Engineer or other concrete such composition of sizes that whn control authority acceptable to the Chief Building In- separated on a Nuter 4 standard sieve, the weight re- pester. [aimed on the sieve shall be not less than one-third (1/3) nor more than two-thirds (2/2) of the total, non .02 During the progresse of the work tests of hall the sonnet of coarsematerial be such asto pet- duce harshnessthe concrete and/or ter tale thereof shall ss in placing honey-combing in the strut- be made from each separate pour of each different mix- ture tare, but not less than one (1) test of the concrete and/or the materials thereof for each one hundred (100) .03 Water: Wateraa a free mixing concrete shall be runic yards poured. Copies o such tests shall be clean and from injurious . er iven to the Chief Building Inspectorse end shall be kept of acids, alto. alkalies,]e a. organicmatter ormo tner on file by him for such reasonable lengt or time harmful substances. he shall determine. .03 Controlled concrete shall contain not less 0.23.04' 6.23.07 thant six (6) sacks of Portland cement per cubic yard than one (I) hour after the mixing of that particular with the`i follow table of asassumed strengths: rengthrrannce batch commenced. APPROXIMATE PROPORTIONS FOR MIX/NO CONTROLLED CONCRETE .06 Placing: U. S. Gallons velr or Camsnt to to- e¢� .01 When concreting is started, it shall be per 04 pound Measured Riga at days the completion carof thd at pa as rticular m`Iiori[such subn - SackofCement Plastic Wet pounds F•rsa Imo division thereof as if required by the location of the 84 ' 1 - 5d 1 - 41 2500 con struction joints. h 0 1 - 411( 1 - 4 3000 .02 Concrete shall be thoroughly compacted 5 1 - g} 1 - 3 3500 the operation of placing,with suitablehorogh [Dols, durings the rinforcement, around embedded fixtures,®and into the corners or the forms. [ 6.29..06 .01 General: On concrete or reinforced concrete compression tests r the con- .03 where conditions male roper compacting :HP- TESTS crate asi/o tests orno work, the materials thereof shall be rlcult, orwhere the reinforcement is con made as required in Section 8.23.08 or when so ordered gested, batches of moar containing the same proper- by the Chief Buildng inspector and no responsibility Lions of cement to • nd used In the concrete y first for the expense of such tests hall attac to the City be deposited in the forme and the operation oe filling of Miami Beach. Refusal to make etch tests shall caw with theregularly specified nix carried an at such for the rejection of the connate and/ar the materials rate that M mix is, at •11 times, Plastic ant] news thereof. readily into corners ners and between bars. .02 Concrete: .07 Curing: Exposed surfaces of concrete shall be .01 Tests of concrete shall be taken, cured sevenkept loft for a d.rk In f wea least and tested in accordance with the Standard the exposed dayscreter being dears thoroughly we hot at least Method of Maing Compressin Tests or Concrete• of the twice daily during the first week. American Society for Testing Meterfels by competent Inspector.approved by the Chief Building .08 Bonding Concrete: Before newconcrete Is de- ainst con- .02 It tests disc lose • consistent relation Crete which has set, the forms shall teosited on Ea% retightened, between the seven (7) day and the twenty- the surfaceof te set concrete shall be roughened, eight (28) day strength of the concrete, tests required cleaned of l foregn matter an laitence, and wet- during the progess fconcrete work may be r made at ted. The clewed and wetted surfaces of the hardened , seven (7) days and the rength et twenty-eigt (28) concrete, including vertical and Inclined surfaces, days determined therefrom. all first be slushed with o ce ment of 1:2 ¢ nt mortar against which the new concrete shoal be placed .02 Materials: The materials of concrete shall be before the mortar has attained its ini ial set. tested by standard methods to verify their conformance with the provisions of this Chapter pertaining d , etent tenons approved by 23 .01 Foram: the hief Builing Inspector. FO , ' PLAING 013 .01 Construction: Forms shall conform to the .Ol The thole of aggregatesan- BIIINP1mCE shape, linen and dimension 6 25.00proper to cement for SENT AND of the members es called for on the plans. Theyshall PROPtlI Crete of any water-cement ratio shell nbe such asSERVICE be substantial and sufficiently tight to prevent leak- TIORg AND to produce concrete that will wok readily into th PIPFB age of mortar and tey shall be properly braced and/or CONSIST corners and angles of the forms and around the rein- tied together so as to maintain position and shape nd ENCY forcernent without excessive puddling or spading and to insure the safety of workmen. Temporary openings without permitting the.materials to segregate or free shell be provided where necessary to facilitate clean- water to M Rimmediatelylt collect on the surface. hen the forms are S and inspection immediately before deeming con- sremoved, the faces and corners of the members shall a te. smooth and soud throughout. .02 Construction Joints: .02 The consistency of the concrete shall be such that the slump as measured by the lump test .01 Joints not indicated on the plans shall approximately conform to values given in the shall be made and located as to following table: leastimpal the strength of the structure. where horizontal joint is to be made, any a ceas water and LOCATION OF CONCRETE APPROXIMATE SLUMP laitance shall be removed from the eu?face after the concrete is deposited. Berore depositing or concrete Heavy Foundations, Massive Walls, etc- 4 inches is reamed, the hardened surface shall be cleaned and Other Reinforced Concrete 0 inches roughened and all weak concrete removed. .Cd The method of measuring concrete materials shall .02 At least two (2) hours -fT erapae • be such that the proportion of water to cementoraftersidepositing concrete in epitomes can be ac mately controlled during the progress of the walls there n.de Beams, in beams, brackets, , slabsun work end easily checked at any time by the Chief Build- supported thereon. sesha, girders, Dnedeas, column log Inspector. The method of delivering the aggregate capitals andn w haunches shall placedbeconsideredmonolithic at ere! ow i. to the k and or storing and handling shall suchthat the floor system and shall be therewith. the moisture content of the aggregates as they .03 Construction joints in floors shall come to the mixer shall not he subject to frequent be located near the middle of spans unnecessary changes. of slats, beams or girders, unless a beam intersects • a girder at this point, in which case, the joint in B 23.07 .01 Mixing: The concrete shall be mixed until there the irder shall be offset a distance equal to twice MIXING is uniform distribution of the meter- the width of the beam and ed reinforcement. ein o shall men . medq for AND lots and the massis uniform in color and homogeneous. shear by the use of inclined re info re Poe nt. PLACING The mixer shell be of c such type as to insure the :rein- .03 Removal of Forms; The removal of forms raining of the correct proportions of the ingredients. sFach batch shall be mixed not less than one {1) minute in such a manner as to insure the he ampall lete�safetyoutf and shall be completely discharged before the mixer is the structure. Whre the structure sea whole is p recharged. porrted onshores or otherwise,, columns, walls am! simi- lar .02 Forms and Equipmenu Derore placing concrete, hhours,vertical that the`concrete has[hardened guff,, albequipment formixing ciently that it is not injured thereby, Forms for slabs and transporting the concrete hl b lean all shall not be disturbed or removed In loss than debris shall be removed from the places to be occupied y; days, norshall the bottom formss orshoringof beams by the concrete and forms and clayohay or cement tile that igirders e disturbed removed la ess t m ill be in contact with the concrete shall be thor- and r than ength oughly wetted. Oiling r forms. in lieu of wetting, t een (14)ts are deyusl t that where high earlyis indicate strength shall be done prior to the placing of the reinforcement. that nthe concrete and/or /attained e sufficient strength to dq Remove] of Water: Water shall be removed from time,e safely support toentst in thef n aabove imposedwa periods in less excavations other placesmade by the Chief Building inspectorl . conformance whe re re to is to be d be pted. unless otherwise ith the results obtained. con permitted conch the Chief Building Insector. Any flow water into an v vat ion orform shall bediverted .02 Reinforcement: throgh p roper side drains to a sump, or be removed by other approved methods which will avoid washing the .01 C leaning; Metal reinforc anent, before freshly de poi lied con te. being place, shall be free from rust, scale or ether coating that will destroy .04 Inspections: Concrete shall not be placed until or reduce bond. r the r and reinforcement have h¢su inspected by the Chief Building Inspector or his ,02 Bending: Reinforcement shell be formed a ubcri zed agent to the dimens:.ons indicated o n .>5 Trans nor ti the plans. Cold bends shall be made around a pin hay- , ring` lug a diameter of five (5) or e apes the least di- be .01 To the Job: Transporting of concrete from bent l or straightened Inof the bar. reinforcement willhie wet the central mixing plants shall or n he only by mans of trucks quipped with agitators and cd material. Bars with kinkslt bends . shown or Midi- he =nthol shell be considered satisfactoryonlywhen inror emon the or bending hg n a be a d. (only w h r the time beureen the start of mixing and th final de- approval of for ofBuilding shall be done r With the approval of the Chief But la leg Inspector. posit of the concrete a the jobl not exceed one (n hour. Transit 1) hou shall be so operated that .03 Placing: Metal reinforcement shall ebe c t thanmixing (an hour he halt elapsebetween he not of the fxing and the final depot of the coo- accurately placed and sera crate on the job. and shall be supported concrete iimu chairs securer spacers or by metal hangers. The alnall center to .02 On the Job: Concrete shall be handled center-ha r (2 ) a e[weep parallel hers.md b be two ree to the methodspllace of final de- -heir (th) tames leedlun r square re bars et main posit as rapidly as practicable by which mini- loll toms the side reinforce for a se bars. s main separation or loss of the inredients- It shall longitudinal slab reinforcement 2t bars m shellthebe a paced . be deposited In Its final positionasnearly as possible not d tronot two than one-half (23) tines th slab ) Per- th avoid rehandling or flowing. huting of c concrete cent of transverse ts one-tenth [be(lrovi one (1) per- shall not De permitted for distances greater than twenty- steelshall provided. five (25) feet. except with special permission of the .04 Splices: In slate beams aM girders. Chief Building Inspector No concrete shall bere- splices of' reinftrcene nt shall tempered after it Ms taken an Initial set nor shall . not be made at points of maximum stress, except with y Lerch or portion thereof be deposited in forme more I III - 6.96.561 pppp the approval of the Chief Building Inspector. Splices,, m Q§ as C 12 4- ga Fos where permitted, shall provide sufficient lap to tram- $ nn a few the stresses between bars by bond and Shear. In 2 ' such splices the bare shall be spaced at the minimum stance specified in Section 0.28.08.02.03. Splices y w in eolmm� care shall provide lapof twenty-four (24) vt 8$ �R 2 a$ R� 41i 4� diameters for dformed bars and thirty (SO) diameter. a '$ fi 5 Fa M for plain bars, but net less than eighteen 18) inches. m .. Where changes in cross-section or column occur, the longitudinal bars shall be sloped for the full length of the column o offset in region where lateral sup- , 0 port is afforded. Where ofafset the slope of the in- $',� �ym!i $n 8 �$ g lined portion from the axis of the column shall not 0 U $ bi be more than one (1) to six (6). m Z .05 Protective Covering: At those Surfaces g other rinciple structural members innfwhich theacon- o MS S8 a8 8 88 88 fete shall be in direct contact with the ground, metal ' eh reinforcementr shall have minimum covering of three Q c. • 3) inches. At other surfaces exposed to the ground or w eather metal reinforcement shall be protected by not than two (2) inches of concrete or the Chief Building Inspector may require ht steel in tension o pq pp mj� Qq q q which is exposed to theweather, as in cantilever pro- ^c fi 25tl b6 B tl6 Edo tam ., ectioi windowsand oors an for balconies, shall g`A o oe o0 0 00 do 0o ce be galvanized. Other ars shall have minimum protec- ti on of concrete not less than o nd one-half (ii) inches for column., walls, girders and beamsand three- : fourths (6) inches for ass and abs, nor less than specified for fire-proofingIn slabs, eextensionsposed d a. , pi :- an- bars intended for bonding with future extensions shall . . - _ , , . be protected against corrosion. . .03 service Pipes: No conduit, water or waste or . other service pipe or duct ler- _ . . . . - so• wedhin anyy col,ein. S�h Eppipesl.r d:cts shall be . . . . qy$ . . . . . . . . Inuanylgird rase helmet be oistswodr or ducts nor t theyy . . . . �* . . . . . . . . pass through my girders, beam oraj ist . shallhe Chief y Building Inspector may permit exceptions to the above • . • . • . " ..restrictions where provisions sea ptable to him are b o de in the design of the members to accommodate ler- ' ' ' ' . ' . ger Pipes. . - . . . . . . . . 6.23.00 .01 The design of reinforced concrete shall be based . - ' ' DESIGN on the following requirements end assumptions. m w . . . . .uq ABS01@- a w rims .01 Calculations shall be made with reference g . . . . to working stresses as specified in this b g y, p� a Chapter and live and ded loads as specified In Chap- 1' - Y I Y g"g per 21. sti Ll EI . . 0 .9 .02 A plane section before bending remains plane y? ig m s i.b 22 after bending; shearing distortions being p S m Y ,.Y '¶ y� neglected. . mo .sd wi 3 ti2 . . ,� ti .08 The distribution of compressive stresses & `g„'a, peg g " 4 53 in beams is rectiinear. 5Y A ci i�$ 1 -' .04 The modulus of elasticity of concrete in hag{ I gt q �H. nO o �yy 4 ii compression shall be taken at 1000f' and u .. 0 shall be considered constant within the limits of the working stresses. ii iz d a s: 58 $o �u .05 The modulus of elasticity ofsteel shall - be assumed as thirty million 30,000,000) .03 Compression in structural steel end cast 4 pounds per square inch. iron in omposite and combination columns shall not ex ceed the stresses specified In chapter 28. .06 The ratio of the modulus of elasticity of steel to that of concrete (n) for the pur- .03 Wand Stresses: In desipgning the members or re- poses of this Chapter shall be taken follows: resist wind loads, theallowablea unit stresses fora dead Cmpessive Strength of Mcdulm of Elasticity Steel n e live loads and wind oads my be increasedone-third Concrete at 2e days Mo]ulns ter elasticity Concrete (k/3) over the allowable values specified in hs See- t ton, but no member shall be less than that required if the wind load be neglected. 2000 - 2200 15 2200 - 2000 12 2900 - or more 10 6,28.11 .01 Design: Flexural computations shall be made on GENERAL the basis of the rwsteptions in Section .07 Incalculating the mope of resistance of FIERDBAL 6.22.09 to resist safely the actual bending produced reinforced concrete beams and slabs, the CO:4nm. by the loads and supporting forces under the existing tensile resistance of the concrete is neglected. TIONS conditions of end restraint or continuity. It as the Intent of is Chapter to require that the bending mo- .08 The bond between the concrete and the metal ments throughout the spans be determined, so far as reinforcement remains unbroken throughout possible, consistently with the elastic deformation the range of working stresses. Under compression, ex- of the structure, being in general calculated accord- cepting column, the two materials are stressed in pro- log to the provisions of Section 13.23.11.04 by methods portion to their moduli of elasticity. of moment diwstributions; i u ions; butothey may. In the Section special cases .09 Initial stresses in the reinforcement due 6.21.11.05 be approximated by the use of arbitrary ma- , to contraction and expansion are neglected. move icients as provided therin. Wherever nega- tive bendingprovided may occur, the full amount thereof shall 6.23.10 .01 Concrete: .02 Spang ur WORKING Length: STRESSES .01 The unit stresses in pounds perSquare inch in concrete of the strength indicated shall .01 Thespanlengthof freely supported beam not exceed the allowable vales. where (f9 is the strength and las shall e the clear span plus the at tw• enty-eight (28) days, as idicate& in the table on depth of beam CorceO b• but shall not exceed the di.- hag page. ofsupports. .02 The bond stress omputed in accordance with .02 The span length for continuous or restrained Section 6.23.13 may be aliened to re ch one beam and .labs built to act integrally with and one-half (in) times these values where special an- supports shall be the clear distance between faces of chomps is provided as specifie in Section 6.23.14.02. supports, the spaces occupied by supports where restraint or.03 The allowed bearing stressarea greater moment occurs being suppressed in the force and than one-third (1/3 but less anhen the full game. area Shall be interpolated between the values given In .03 For continuous bean having brackets built the table. to act integrally with both beam and sup- port and of a width not less than the width of the beam .02 Steel: and making an angle f forty-five (45)) degrees or mere with the beam, the spanshall be lire d free the s .01 The following allowable stresses per square tion where the combined depth of the beam and bracket Inch shall not be exceeded for reinforcing is at least one-third ( angle ) more than the depth of the steel In tension: beam. Brackes making anmm le of less than forty-five (45) degrees with the Le y be o !dared as Increm- DESCRIPTION knni ABIE UNIT STRESSES ing the effective depth Of the bean, but not aecreae- i g the span length. Beaus shall be designed to resist Internetliate Grade Billet Steel Berg 18,000 at each section the bending there oecurri g. Re-rolled Steel Bare 18,000 Cold-Drawn Steel Wire 20,000 .04 Maxine negative moments are to be considered Web Reinforcement (Steel) 16,000 {led above,as existing at the ends of the span as de- .02 Compression In steel,teel, except in .03 Depth: The depth of the beam or slab shall be ]fie Pel l all not emcee (n-1) times the token as the distance from the center compressive stress in the c crete at line in the of gravity of the tensile reinforcement to the sou- cross-section through the center of the bars. pressive surface of the structural comber. In stores, warehouses and manufacturing buildings where a wearing 6.23.11 6.23.1 finish placed monolithic with the structural slab is slabn idered m designto be part of the structural .07 For continuos or restrained 'o or beam, the depthshall b` d to a plane or load.one-half Ce) Inch belowin finished surface. w ass pro ma to equal aouinORao ithdE concentrationonch occurat approximately regular intervalsiv with.04 Analysis of Bending: The determination of bend_ bendingmay at each minedrt, the ugh tips and entire load for at v ing moments to be provided were g be determined as though theu, road Grimm points in the span of a number restrained dleG lbu[ed uniformly on the bean Cr girder. ant supports. or a se ies of continuous spans, shall be .06 Points of Inflection and Reach ons: The Iota-principle of lees[vlork, or of the theorem method based Eonnon f linas cic deformation, except . oints of Inflection,ex:ept where otherwise ng led, 6.23,11.06 and In accordance as hproviden a.2n9 11ec.01n shall be distribution named consistently with the loadin5t and the and shall be subject to the following qualifications: (33 cases Iof rslabs°n of beams of ton(2) or°note con con- tinuous spans when the arbitrary coact:cients for bend- .01• Supppoorttsoaffordedb beams, girders and Icy of Section 6.23.11.05.02 may be pplied, the reactions assumed to Dcol su or usua alignmentarrangement, shall be end supports shall be taln as forty (40) percent for ass position of d reme.iomed Deee conforming to negligible restraint, forty-five (45) percent for nods, • ate restraint and fifty :50) percent for full restraint. .02 The effect on bend] of the load on the end span, and the reaction on the moments in the spans first interior support shall be our ted accordingly; to r]or produced by the tore nl resistance of in- the loads on inteoresevenly of ordinary beams and by the tending resistance divided beween spans may be dunned as . esupporting columns neglected. ans supports in determining reactions. shall be neglected unless s the restraint Iscomputed .07 Concentrated Leeds: and provided for I the supports. Restraint at the exterior supports shall be provided for both in the .01 For computations of stresses hue to bending • spans and in the supports, and shear. concentrated loads on way .03 The difference in mint of inertia of beast effectivlabs e width be at right` g ` evenly di:tributes!dire over az spans and 000ftap same proxi beam the same In tdepth in different theangles to the direction of positive span as follows: and negative bending, may be considered resistnegligible in Solid Concrete Construction W t 0.8s eo far as regards to its effect on distribution of MO- Combination Floor Construction W . 0.8s he througghhout d ftromt hp he pans. The moment of inertia Ribbed Floor Construction W . 0.46 but not more than Mgt sting relnforcement, andoss sthe tof awson of hof T•beams` W + twice the rib spacing. nay be neglected. .02 If adequate ccocentrati bridging amo is ngvided to distri- bute.04 Design for bending, boh positive andi ng adjacent ribs. We, that may within a _l ray be effective en width for combinationlabs; and ribbed .duos Include consideration of the effects of a partials din. ribbed slabs. unless for thedbridging this dapproximately the case of tribution or load on the spano Itself and either or ur ( ) both adjacent spans, but not on 6 the same spacing as the ribs,ume not ,r than three (3) these, Maximum negative moment pat a support remote thanay pe adjacent ribs shell be assured to shire the load, essu¢ed to result from full loadingon adjacent spans only. E23.112 .01 General: NIBU .05 The Chief Building Inspector may approve SHEAR Alll .01 Except where otherwise n vided in this Chapter, based on conforming to the intent of this DIAGONAL Chapter, shearh and diagonal tension shall refinements other accepted tedetheory, and Incorporating TTENSION be computed and provided for as resmred in this Sec. may require special analysis or provided here inaryni he TIONSmA Section 0.23„10c exceeding te stresses pacified 1n dttions of support, restraint, spans lengths and dis- tribution of load. .02 For the purpose of design. the diagonal .05 Arbitrary Moment Coefficients. n ension litll be assumed to be directed at n angle of forty-five (45) degrees ith the is Al In the case of the member. and its Intensity to be equal to the of beam or slab, or a series wit shear computed by the formula: differing npofcntinuous beams or slabs with spans the longer more than twenty-fve (25) percent of v one of ghr pan. irormly loaded, and falling within v d casesof restraint at the sup_ b' Jd pts, designs may be ad to resist bending moments computed by the arbitrary coefficients presented in .03 Members in ♦/bleb t d BM tonal tensior, In Section 6.23.11.05,02 instead of by elastic analysis. any portionr of the web Ms the stress allowed without shear excess. t shall be reinforced 1n that portion for the exess .02 The coefficients set forth In the following .02 Shear Reinforcement: bendingat mid-span may be edg to compute the Positive bn i ail-ea and uthe negattive venb bending din gat t supports ated .01 Shear reinforcement shall Pnviat of vertl- where the gastric lent equals the value of C in the at e 3 stirrups. of stirrupsbars ih formula wen,. r the an ofle the be less than fifteen (]6) degrees with ARRITRASY MOMENT COEFFICIENTS .02 Shear reinforcement slur be considered effective only to the of tent that its I� DT�a d vldea'ln ntiedeveloped 4.US.ond and anchorage as pro- r A_} ar u r li r a c t 0 0Section .03 A shear reinforcing bar, whether vertical C]DVITIONS OF RESTRAIM A B C D a b c d or inclined, 'ha]I be considered to afford, for resistance to diagonal tension, the component of Slabs Berns withIts tensile stress in the direction t the diagonal tension, The spacing of relnfore ing bits or stirrups Negligible Restraint 8 10 12 16 24 8 9^ 12 at Fnl Supports. is determined by the formula: Blebs or Beams with Moderate Restraint at 10 12 14 AI6 2 10 12 Av fv A(cos a+ sin a) End Supports. s = y Slabs or Beams with V Full Rea 4elnt at la 16 16 16 12 10 11 12 for port lea/ bars or stirrups this becomes: End Supports le for slabs j Av N id s .03 In the use of this table negligible le re- and bars °r stirrups inclined at (arty_five (45 trai nnmasonry shall beassumed for be p_ ) ported on walls f ° y wilts, or on the upper flanges6 ae s. o' steel beans not encased In concrete; and for beans supported on steel cast iron columns not Av fv Jd concrete, or combination columns. oralls`ofaany % - type other than reinforced concrete acting Integrally 0.7 v• therewith. or by other beans or girders; or on any up_ described asd', ssura as great restraint asthat 'Da the shear]n the nth is any cross-section (V') is • ` ',moderate". in e c e r the s allowed resistance` f theme rwvemrorced .04 Moderate restraint may be assumed for slabs web,send it shall be subject to the of imposed supported by reinforced concrete beams, upon the unit shear by Section 6inclin. The spacing by steel beams encased in concrete, or by reinforced ( ) of the stirrups. vertical orinc1L»d or of bare concrete walls; and for beams or girders supported on inc laps at re less than forty-five (t:y ddepth shall composite columns, orreinforced concretealwme, not exceed three-fourths i2) the effective depthof the provided the slabs r oneam act integrally with the five In the caseof' bars exceed th at less than °rthe support. (46). (e) shall not three-•ourtManlp the axial projection of On inclined Anita. In portions .05 Full restraint may to Amused for slabswhere theunitshear exceeds (O ex ) the limits for acting Integrally with supporting concrete shall . rmed soas not to a€eta one-half the walls and for beards or girders acting Integrally with effective depth or the xial projection of the ]nclf:ea reinforced concrete columns, when 1/1) for the slab, length, beam or girder 1s less than the sumof the values of 1/M1) for the walls or columns. respectively, above .O5 Stirrupsof variousingalzes shall not beused and below. In tole Section, I represents the ,n re t indi canes asin hem% aving a depth greater than ht of Inertia• calculated from the cross-section of the permissible in the afoIIm] table: concrete, neglecting reinforcement and the flanges of eams, (L) and (b) are span length and a°l:man height, Size MAXIMUM DEFTX (d) OF flGgY IN INCHES respectively. of 2000 2500 3000 .06 In calculating negative bending at a sup- port Stirrups Plain jOeforged plain enfornsd Plain ',fofned length, vera between two spanse unequal loss r I/9¢ 15 10 10 10 10 10 lbee use a,thean anassumedgt load the two spansshall be the longerspanpa which is two-thirds 2/3) 3/54 28 20 20 14 i5 10 pan pus one-third (1/3) of the shorter span, 1/26 40 30 30 22 23 30 9/34 54 40 40 30 32 24 (- - -- 6.23.13 6.23.J11 6.05.13 .01 members •W61•=t to bending shall be so Proper- The =oppa•city et this anchorage Is limited to that of • BOBOND tinned that the increments of stress in tntaen- It attaeb set. hle.Steel are transmitted to IC from EMg 02 Bending rouW end lnely In test which it is embedded, mbed ediawithout Section i8 n0 stress ' with spar T [M main lor€itnd 3na] exceeding reinforcement in the form of a u-stirrup orbook. The .02 In beans inwhich the tens lie elnforcement k capacity of this anchorage may be false sixteen LMu- Parallel to un compressive face, M Ic not ea u d (mow) pounds per square Inch in the stirrup. pecL11Y anchored, the bond stress (u) shall be deter- mined by the following formulas 02 o the upper orDook lower]surface of the aced close tbeam as the V requirements for fire and net protection will allow. The capacity of this anchorage shall be ten thousand u g id (10,000) pounds per square inch in the stirrup, plus the stress developed by bond between the mid-height .03 to tits-prismatic m wedge 9ha ed Deems, Lp repro- of the effective depth of the member and the begin- s.03 by a cantilever bracket, aeloped in foot- ning of bending of the hook. orbeam with caai in coased i .04 A length of embedment in the upper the ee si of the Deem is C�rthe bond s stress beorlower half of the effective depth increasing bendingthe formula: shallof the member, whether straight or curved. The capa- city of this anchorage shall be limited to the stress V II developed by bond on the embedded length. Anchorage (1 - ) e of this type shall not be used on stirrups where I u - g id vd nI unit shear xgeeds .0611) .04 Where special anchorage is provided as specified in Section 6.20.14, the allowable bond tresses 6.23.16 .01 Steel reinforcing bars in compression shall be specified in Section 6.22.10 may he increased COMPRESS- thoroughlyanchored against buckling by ties or end one-half Mr) tines. ION RBIN- stirrups not less an one-fourth (t) inch in diameter .Os In section o applying the in whic of this ¢set roe to fey FoncRIBNr spaced not farther apart, in the region where compression been in wr d tbe Cenu ill re ntoportion wP1F%B' stof`el thels bars,,required,b than lateral diameter nt is lad by leg else ant has lee P rt ion ting MEMBERS or equivalentsupport. of the bars, there shall be counted no c those ba's .02 Steel stressed reinforcing bars in compression unit shall not their perimeters to bond resistance alma those btthabeie to exceed the allowable stress at that section and in the plane of the In long on specified in Section 6.23.10.02.02. ist steel, in wich tensile stress is fmreas ing e - afseently with the assumptions under which tun Deem fs designed. 6.23.16 .01 Reinforcement for shrinkage and atura t-es- eemefned members the critical see shall be provided in floor androof slabs per- .06 For continuous orTIBIB RAIN- on to the n only. for bending where this section for bond for the positive re lenctionand hQ1�1truns in one direction only. Such reinforcement shall shall a assumed eg to be at the point of inflection owed ave an area of cross-section not less than 0.002 times d that for the negative reinforcement shall Da assumed the area of the concrete and bars shall be spaced not to bele at the foes of the upyort atathe house l^teas more than five (5) times the slab thickness nor more of tlon. For kepi e D®e,m, cr tt than eighteen (18) Ih=Ms. or freely auctioned end seem P continuous eassu to ether crlticalface section for bond shall e assumed to be at .02 In designed reinforced concrete spandrel beams, the face of the support• shrinkage reinforcement shall M provided area,emamt addition to tees reinforcement for bending. Such in addition.01 Ordinary Anchorage: inforceaent shall be continuous and rods shall he spliced ANCIK A0E .Ol Reinforcement etln in tension at a re by lapping or otherwise, except at expansion joints. OF DEIN" strained end of a member or in a cant' .03 Consideration shall be given to the stresses due FCP'C818WT lever shall have anchorage on both sides of tunafac�, to expansion and shrinkage in buildingsmorethan of the support and eyond the point here y p two hundred (200) eet long and p ov is ions hll be of the reinforcement is discontinued, sufficient to madesatisfactory tO the Chief Building Inspector for develop the tension in each of the bars. avoiding excessive stresses. .02 (1/2) of the tensiled eh`einfore least ement fortnigd n- �w{' ative beMing shell be xtended aE least [o the paint 6.23.1T .Ol Rectangular ccoum ce the slabs hell ee ll!, pAB NAB- signed In a hatter with tun pre ceed log gencr of inflection eP tun mender. WI BIM provisions of this Chapter. 03 At least one-fourth (4) of the tensile re- gm SLUM _ 4.__inzodement for posit he bending i^ a member shall be .02 The clear distance between lateral supports of extended at least to the end of the span. Bars not so beam or girder shall not exceed twenty-seven ` extended may be bent across the web, becoming contin- (27) times the least width of the compression flange. nous with the negative reinforcement, or otherwise an- chored in a region of compression. .03 The slabs spacinghl of flexural twoiorce one-half in one) -way .02 Special Anchorayge: y the slab thickness. exceedandore .01 Wincreased shearing anf d bond special saare 6.23.18 T-bee shall be designed in acroraance With thege all owed, reinforcement In the proportions spec]fled T-BBAI® eral requirements or this Chapter insofar as they do in Section 6.23.14.01, shall bee tended in members not conflict with the following spec[fie pr ovie Sons: • as there specified. and anchorage shall further be pro- vided beyond the points of inflection for the negative .01 In T-beam construction the slab shall be built re inforcement of res trained members, and beyond the Integrally with the been. In the design of sym- end of the span for positive re inforemront of freely metrical bbeez the overharging flange width on either supported members, sufficient to develop at least one- side of the web shall not exceed one-tenth (1/10) the half' (4) of their allowable tensile stress. In foot- span nor eight (6) tlees the thickness of the lab, legs, special sal ioragall p justifyingae increased ldeearin ^ r one-half (e) the clear distance to the next beam. alland bare are anchored byconsidered tt f hooks provided their ends. , .02 For beams having a flangeon The outer face of hooks shall be as close to the face effective over-hanging flange^shall s otOnly, exceed of the footing as the refit rements for rust protection -twelfth (1/12) of the span length, nor 1x (6)`times ' win anew. the thickness of teslab, nor - a Mt clear distance to the next ean. .02 Where anchorage is furnished by extension of bars, such extension may b assumedr e to .03 Where the principle reinforcement in a slab, which face provide multiyanchorage bycapacity 1 therallowa➢le unit the bondembedded resistance ribbed serves floors)a`is the ralleflange tofthe bean, transverse(not rib in re. of c hied in Section 0.23.10.complete ook, for rain purpose inforpene t shall be re providedfor in the top of the flange. hook spacing suchpurpose shall not ex- • as defined in Section s6.23.02.14. Such hook may be `eedtfive((5)) inches.the thickness of the flange, or assumed to develop a stress'of not more than ten thou- eighteen sand (10,000) pounds per square inch in the bar so an - chored. A bend of Larger radius then allowed lna .04 Provisions shall be fully made for the compres- hook shall he considered as a mere extension of the she stresses at the supports in continuous T- har. beam construction. In no case shall the area of steel in.03 Web Reinforcement Anchorage: port cpexceed itwo on a(2) perct any crent o3 the cr sss-section ade-sectional area of the stem at that point. .01 The stress in a stirrup or web reinforce- ment bar for resistance of diagonal tension .O5 The beamshalloverhanging h ng0 be portionsof a the lngeof c T- in a member shalt not exceed the capacity of its an- consideredeffectiveos- borage in the upperor flower -half (4) of the ef_ put ing shear and diagonal tension resistance. ['active depth o the beam, nor the`allowable unit stress specified In section 6.23A0. .06 Isolated beans in which the T-form is used only for t purpose of providing additional eompres- .02 Web reinforcement which is provided byo bend- s ion area, have shall a flange thickness not less than ink into an inclined position, one or more one-half (d) and a total flange width not more than ' fourbars of the main tensile reinforcement where not required (4) times the web thickness. for resistance to positive or negative bending shall be' considered completely meatanchored by cmbedlentL with the 6.23.10 .01 Structural steel beams which are fire-proofed by main dtiec reletelye anch by embedment of the quisite length in the pper lower halt f tun mber, COMPOSITE being wholly encased in the concrete of a rein- provided at least one-half (3) of suchembedment is es BEANS forced concrete floor or roof may be designed as con- lose to the upper or lower surface of the member as polite beams, the two materials s,mcd to act elastic- the requirements of' fire or rust protection allow. A ally together, the concrete not to act in tension, and hook laced close to the upper or lower surface of the stresses in the respective materials not to exceed the member may be substituted for a portion of such -those allowed by this Code. embedment. .02 Without such anelastic n ly 1s f tre .03 Stirrups shall be anchored at both ends teel beam which is The-pr fed Dy being wholly Fy one of the following metods or by a a e cased 1n con re to having a metre ngth of et least two combination of such methods: thousand (2o1 ) pOUMa par square Inch, which 1e pert of a reinforced concrete floor or roof system tin slab met .01 Rigid attachment, as byy welding, to of whch form an effective compression'flanngge as pros, the man longitudinal reinforcement. sided in Section 6.23.18 equal in area of c s_sect ' 6.23.19 6.23.21 to at leastce -half (b) that of the encasing concrete, y be dared to have Its r nrid is toe of b. ot. (r) IS the ratio L'increased fifteen (l5) percen (C ) 1s coefflcie'to L. t depends nt on the p salon ion of the panel eLtlee to adja 6.23.20 gibbed and combination slabs shall be designed in ar cent panels, continuous mite it at its Mir gg n n g c rdee with the preceding general requirements of ends nd ides, as In(ticeted on the COI®LNs- this Chapter insofar as they do nct conflict with the diagram. Full restraint at the erdsup- TIOK SUBS following specific prowls inns port, as defined in Section 8.22.11. sha ll cons equivalent .01 gibbed floor construction consisting of concrete to continuity in determining (C0). ribs, running in one 11) or two (2) directions •aid topping placed stntherewith, shall nbe- VALUES OF C IN VARIOUS PANiI3+bsapedmoe ha twenty (20) inchs t be - o tween faces. The ribs shall be straight and of a width not less than four (4) inches nor less then one-third I (1/2) the depth. The topping shall be of suf fit lent I.0 0.9 0.6 strength to transmit loads coning upon It to the adjs.- r cent ribs, end shall be not less than two and one-half 2b) inches thick. Ribbed slabs shall be reinforced at right anglee to the ribs with a minimum of 0.05 square 1.1 1.0 0.9 Inches of reinforcing steel per foot and in slabs on "' which the prescribed live load does notexceed fifty mr60) poound beer squarel foot, no additional reinforce- 1.2 1.1 lA a 1 nrequired. 1 .02 Combination floor construction consists of run .ce The positive hoeing moment for r strip of uN. Crete rid runningin (1) or wo (2) direc- width in the middle half of the panel, a nninf. bona with mu +y fillers, one filling the entire vase In either direction, shall be assumed s elvenOby time between ribs nd either withwithout a monolithic following formula: concrete toping over th ribs. Each masonry filler 1 shall havecontact with ris on two opposite sides. Abs shall not e over twen (20) inches between faces, 3 Co r wl2 3 C w L2 shall be straight and of a width u', less than four (4) No _ f inches nor less than one-third (1/3) the depth. Either s 10c2 10ct the fillers or the topping them, or the combina- tion of the two shall be of sufficient strength to trans- mit any load coming on them to the adjacent ribs. if .00 Negative moments at and adjacent :o supports be oren lithic topping is used, it shall be not less then tween two (21 panels shall be determined by the and one- lf (1g) inches thick. formula given n Section 0.23.21.02 for positive moment taking (C.) asthe coefficient for negative moment de .0.9 If structural fillers as specified in Section terms d abcording to Secttnn 6.23.11.0,. or 6.23.11.05. 6.2 .20.05 areused, and not otherwise, certain and ins a the conditions of continuity in the portions of themmay e included with the concrete In panels are different, taking the mean value of (C Ina calculations of resistance to shear and bendin but a r the amount included shall nowhere exceed the actual .04 The positive bendlq; in strips of unit iv kith in thicbese of the portion of the fillerx nor one and one- the outer fourth of the panel wa:m be a umed to half (Si) nches. In ore-way construction where tere be three-fourths (if) that of the strips of the middle is a topping the webs of structured fillers which are half. in contact the concrete tin ca lculations oof resistance ndtox hears .OS Iles of inflection in a tin-w nP panel shall be and bending. In construction in which the ribs r assumed at a distance of one-fatrtt (4) of its n both directions and at approximately the sane des- shorter spanfrom supports over which the slab is con-. tuns on e tte and wheher designed as one-way or tlnuous. • two-wayr slabs, the webs incontact with tthe ncon, to .06 Thespacingof steel for flexure reinforcement ribs may beinclude in calculations tresistance toof two lobs teen not lexur i rei (3) fluent shear and bending and the top and bottom webs may be the 'a dof thickness. 1 included in calculations of resistance to bending. .04 The maximum stress in both concrete and the filler shall not exceed that allowed In the weaker or tint 6.22.22 AL General: Flat slabs shell mean concrete slabs two materials. FLAT with reinforcing bars s two (2) or STABS more directions, whose interior ,p orta are column .05 A concrete structural filler, for the purpose f or the likeand generally ithout beau The design this Section, shall have an ltimate strength In Shall canto rm with the pertinent general re qui rend nts _ compression on its net section, when tested on end at of this Chapter and the specific provisions here in. ire age of twenty-eight (26 days, of two thonan (WOO) • pomade per square inch. - If structural clay tiles are '• used as fillers, they shall at least equal those class- ified as Grade NG" in Section 6.25.07. Gypsum tile .02 Limitations: shall not be used as a structural filler. • .01 The methods of stress computation herein .06 The unit extreme compressive fiber stress in the specified apply to a series of slams of filler tile shall not exceed four-tenths (4/10) approximately uniform s ize extending at least three of its ultimate unit compressive strength, determined (a) panels in each direction and in Rich the length for the net section from an average of three (3)) fill- Of panel does no t exceed one and o e-ha (lg) tins s tested on end at an age of twenty-eight (29) days. its width. Flat slabs a other e+pangeiw nt nail be The unit stress allowed in shear computations shall proportioned to have at least equal carrying capacity not exceed a -fourth (11 f the a s ultimata strength and tlegree tf safety accord log Lo es tab: lobed 'aIn- in shear of the Joint between rthe ribs and ciples of mechanics. the filler blocks. .02 Flat slabs with paneled ceilings or vitt, .00 Where the topping containsconduits or Spe a1 drospecified, ped panels nay be proportioned by the the thickness shall not be less than one (1) methods vera In get if letl diametere in the h''upped to panelr inch plus the total overall depth of such conduits shall have nota length orone-third each r tang len length directionthe less than (1/2) the panel length or pipes at any point. Such impair conduits or pipes shall in that, direction, and the thickness of the thicker be located not to the strength of the portion. of the slab shall not exceed oneand one-hell nnnOrua non. (1e) tires that of the remainder. In he ce Slings of • .0e shrinkage reinforcement rn ice mat shall beprovided in flat slabs concrete between rods m tensile regions where it can be spared may be displaced ',y permanent the slab as required 1n Section 6,23,10. removable fillers, provided allowable stresses a ort exceeded in the concrete which remains ant provided .09 Neither paper, wood, n roofing material shall the tensile stress in the reinforcing rods in that re- be used between orat the end of structural hol- gion shall not exceed e ight-ninths (8/9 the stress low masonry fillers included in ealculat ions of re- allowed in the reinforcement of solid concrete slabs. r s isterce to shear or bending to prevent concrete from Compressionconcrete abovesuch fillersn;hal have flowing into the Into rs times thereof nor,any other thickness not less than two nd one-half (24) inches, material that would impair the bond between the end and the construction shall safely support any conoen- of the filler and the concrete, but this shall not [ration or load that may come upon It. Tie term :slab prevent the useof such materials when inserted but thickness" used in connection with such ronstruction not rojectin from the openings of the fillers nor shall refer to the total thiclmess of th2structural the use of the same material that is permitted for concrete. the fillers themselves. If concrete is allowed to the vt thete thereof shall bet of masonry dead load .03 Cr the mi,cures' if of concrete, shall be to beweightsupported, The webs of structural filler units to a level where the areaof required lhorizontal for esection I column s whose eno are thus in contact with the concrete may fifty (50) percent more than the gross area of the shaft be included in calculations of resistance to bending. f the column. In dimensioning the concrete rete capital for designing purposes, no portion of the capital shall . be considered which lies outside the 'nest forty- ) five (is) degree circular cone contained within its 6.23.2/ Concrete slabs, either solid,, ribbed combination outlines. The diameter of the capital shall be mess- - SWOIAYliS solabs, supporte+e n four (4)reinforced t odes byn in ben(2)girders red for design purposes at thet Junction of such cone tints, shall be designed in accordance with thewilt lice bottom of the slab dropped panel. gen- eral requirements of this Chapter and the following .04 Column if D B capitalsapitaforof structural p metal spec prow is Ions: be substituted the concrete es:h tall, Whe- ther - contained withino thickness of :he slab and .01 The slab shall ebenstrips regarded asconsisting of a dropped pan el. or not; provided that toey meet the ernes of adjacent strips o unit widthspan- ning following requl re me nts: and diagonal te in each nsion, n. In bond and for the loadingutations of theear sere .01 against shall lre required for reinforce- supporting members, each strip, spanning in either one in similar expos the longershorter direction, shall be assumed tocarr exposures. represented andett and ransmit express su to its pport a total load (W) support.02 They h sera periphery orp the ht!s al i owed ts he a ode ' W = b CO w L = * co wit with- out exceed tal stresses aliowea in this .,tee POW the kit C metal used. e In which (W) is the toed per unit area of the slab. .03 They shell provide support for the (I.) is the pan of the strip. slab or droppedpanel t a distance (LI) is the width of the panel transverse to p s ia the span. above the bottom thereof not tection,ally suchuchtsr than the requirements be forfire p along Ion, and supportt shall . liner be continuous along the periphery the 6 8.23.22 .2a.22 capital or with intervals not greater than three (d) RENDING MOMENTS IN FIAT SLABS times the thickness of concrete slab, or slab and drop- TENSILE REINFORCEMENT pad panel. : WALL PANELS .04 The capitals shall s to beso designd placement of concrete arranged and about tfemm permit ak- Two-way Four-Way prop- erts or Voids and to provide for the transmission of Without With Without With load from columns above to colmnm below. Moment Dropped Dropped Dropped Dropped .05 The diameter of a metal column cap. Panel Panel Panel Panel Mal, for purposes of slab design, Negligible Restraint at Discontinuous Edge shall be taken as twice the distance from the center M 0.32 Mo 0.31 YO 0.30 Mo 0.29 no of the column to the center of bearing of a slob or PP dropped panel on ontinuous circumferential support, II 0.26 Mo 0.26 Mo 0.30 Mo 0.29 Mo or twice the a distance to centers of bearing on M., (ext.) 0.05 M 0.05 Mo 0,05 Mo 0.06 Mo radial or non-continuoussupports, the unit bearing o assumed as uniform and not in excessof the stress al- Mm,(ext.) 0.05 So 0.05 Mo 0.05 Mo 0.05 No lowed by this Code. M.„ (Int.) 0.55 Mo 0.60 Mo 0.00 Mo 0.65 Mo .03 Assumptions in Flat Slab Design: Ma,(int.) 0.19 Mo 0.18 Yo 0.10 Mo 0.09 Mo .01 A flat slab panel shall be considered as Moderate Restraint et Discontinuous Edge of the panel,coasi follows: strips, parallel to sides N 0.29 Mo 0.27 110 0.26 No 0.25 Mo .01 A middle strip one-half (a) panel Np. 0.23 Y0 0.22 go 0.2E N0 0.25 Nc In width, ay-metrics.' with respect Nef(ext.) 0.22 Y0 0.2J Y0 0.25 Y0 0.28 Mo to the panel center line. Mo.(ext.) 0.08 Mo 0.03 M0 0.06 Mo 0.06 Mo .02 .A column strip one-half (e) panel Mm (int.) 0.50 Mo 0.6E No 0.5E Y0 0.80 N0 in width madeup of two (2), one- Y„(int.) 0.18 So 0.16 no 0.10 Yo 0.08 II fourth a) panel areas outside the middle strips. pull Restraint At Discontinuous Edge J .03 The strips shall be considered In Y 0.25 Mo 0.22 no 0.22 40 0.21 ilo each rectangular direction for the computation of bending moments. M 0.20 Mo 0.20 Mo 0.22 Mo 0.21 Mo .02 The critical sections for bending are .Nos,(ext.) 0.3S Mo 0.41 Mo 0.48 Mo 0.48 N0 ferred to as the principle design sections 'YO,(ext.) 0.10 Y0 0.10 Mo 0.06 Y0 0.06 No • and are located as follows: II (int.) 0.4E No 0.50 M0 0.50 go 0.54 kl .01 Sections for negative bending shall M,,lint.) 0.16 M0 0.15 go 0.10 go 0.0E Mo ' be taken along the edges of the panel at ends of the strips, on center linesof columns, and arould the periphery the column capital. .04 If restraint at a discontie nuous edge Is fur t .02 Sections for positive bending shall tie exterior nsupport ished by ay be moreM1 nearlyFt evenly distl,3 on the center line ooftaken at the panel. at of the strips, buat ted interioren column column points aree lessrrigg. If id than the supports•o umn specified in Section 5.23.23.01.02, the positive bending .04 Bending In Interior Flat Slab Panels: in column and middle strip shall be increased twenty (20) .01 The numerical s of thepercent above the tabular valtes. neg- ative bending moments in either positiverectangu .05 Negligible restraint in bending at the d is lar direction of an interior panel, for the design of continuous edge of flat slab panel shall tensile reinforcement, shall be assumed as not less be considered to De furnished by a supporting wall of than so a rowbyPP of assuuresas great ofstraint or ha anyecified support that doese Me - 0.09 WI (I - -f) Np + Npa 1 It + N„ .06 Moderate restraint shall be considered to be furnished by a wall of reinforced r .02 The bendingagents for the designof ten- Crete or by a row ofe reinforced concrete columns or con Thee endi moment in the principle fete¢ steel columns encased in concrete when the slab acts se ctions shall be assumed to be those gven i the fain sufficientlyrally lth the rigid to afford full ort and when estraintPDOrt is not lowing table, except that (M ) may be (0.03 N ) greater re or a ell•. and each Of (CI, 01 ) ann NF-Ty be 1 (0.U1 Y ) greater ormalleY prov Mad that Mx sum r.- .07 Full restraint shall be assumed where the mains no-. less than thevalue specified for (N0). discontinuous ege or a flat slab is sup- portedp by a reinforced concrete wall or row of columns BENDING MOMENTS IN Fldr s1AB8 for thewhich is lesIntegrally than tIeYratios when ratiothe walls • TENSILE REINFORCEMENT theor columns,pur respectively, above and lb below low the!slab.! For INTERIOR PANELS FULLY CONTINUOUS ertla afos the slab, wall or column calculated for the crosn area of the concrete and neglecting the reinforce- ment. Two-Way Four-Way Without With Without With .08 Except in cases of negligible restraint where Moment Dropped Dropped Dropped Dropped precautions are taken to avoid restraint, the Panel Panel Panel Panel bending incidental with the wltrestraint tshalldbe Ttrabrackets,mi supports Y 0.22 Me 0.20 M0 0.20 So 0.10 Mo In such manner that the or specified in this Code Y r 0.16 Y0 0.15 Yo 0.20 N0 0.19 No for the materials used shall not be exceeded. The ports shall be made capable f resisting the bending M.. 0.46 Mo 0.50 MO 0.50 Me 0.54 Y0 so transmitted t In addition t!their others loads and for- cesr- NO, 0.10 Mo 0.15 Mo 0.10 Mo 0.08 Mo transmitted shalls be stresses. d to be one and one-third- 11/0) tins hose spgfed In this Section for design of the tensile reinforcement of the slab. .03 If a flat slab is supported at interior col- .09 The reinforcement for positive bending men points by supports less rigid than l- pc rpendicular to the dcont imam edg 6 specified in Section 6.23.23.01.02. the positive shall extend to this edgeand have anembedment of t bending in column cent and middle the tabularips shall ,l be eeIncreased least six (0) inches in sandrel beams, walls n Dionne. twenty abovet Reinforcement for negative bending shall ber bent or hooked at spandrel beam, walls orcolumns toprovide .05 Bending in Discontinuous Flat Slab Panels: adequate anchorage. The length end placement of other reinforcement in wall panels shall be adapted from the .01 In panels adjacent to an exterior wall and requirements of Section 6,23.22.08, having in view the other panels where the slab is disc ontin- changed location of the points of inflection. uOUS on one (I) or two (2) of its edges, the bending .10 The half col men strip parallel and adjacent )scent on principle design sections parallel to a discontin- uous edge shall be assumed at values not less than speS to a marginal beam having a depth not great- er than oneand one-half (1 k) times the slab thickness restraint in bending furnished by the support at avchor parallel d adjacent t to discontinuous edge with- restraint edge. ut marginal anti hail be designed to resist at least discon -half (a) the moments specified for a full interior column stri . The half column strip parallel and ada- .02 The numerical sum of the positive bending cent to marginal beam having a depth greater than one moment at mid-span and the average of theand one-half (jd) times the thickness of theslab, shall negative beng moments at the discontinuous edge and e designed to r fist at least one-fourth d) the mo- at the first interior supports for a full panel width, rents specified for a full column strip. for the design of tensile re inforcement, shall be as- .11 If a flat 91 eb issupported sowed at not less than: uous edge bye owcoluins t having brack- ets extending from the side of the column in a direction + parallel to the disc ontlnuons edge and which branke to Y 0 = 0.10 WL (1 - -"TT)s are equivalent to colum capitals, the value of (!) ,par- allel to the discontinuous edge,shall be the total width of the capital or brackets. If such colum is are without brackets the value of (c),p uarallel to the discontinuous A bracket on the inner face of an exterior column shall edge hall be taken as the width of the olm plus twice be ignored in determining the value of (a). the difference between the depth or the marginal beam, if any, end the depth of the slab. .03 The bending moments for the design of ten- - .12 Dropped sae reinforcement in the principlepl designted, panels at wall columns may be soar_ isections of the several strips shall be d with not exceeded. provided the allowed unit stresses are n the rangeof allowable variations specified in Sec- tion 8. .2 .04.02 as follows: .06 Thickness of Flat Slabs: .01 The thickness of a flat slab, and the size ens th lc kne ss of the dropped panel spell be such that the compressive stress due to bending, will 6.23.2: • notexceed that allowed for concrete on the moments drum through the column center perpendicular to t e, designsections haof any strip. he enol inc rum direction of the band. The straight bee for positive which the compressive stress shall bebending computed shall moment In the paneldiago center Dugs shall not be shorter thou be assumed to be oneand one-third (1-1/3 times those the length of panel to center o. columns. specified for the design of reinforcement. .09 Frr negative uir n:steelin the middle .02 The width of section for c tl mstrip, therequired shall ex. amps Peg c - tend not less than 029W on either alto of the cohort • .ug at the column headn s shallr be taken ae to s negative lwidthoP- center line. the dropped panel, if any; otherwise, half the panel .05 Other 9 teue: Arrangement ing width. The width f other principle sections shall be other than to was Sor frptur- teken as one-half (j) the panel ,lath. wayy� shall provide reinforcing at the priaet ie design a tone and at intermediate sections equivalent t0 .03 The thickness of the slab and the size and that specfied above. ' thickness of the dropped panel shall be such that shearing stresses as specified in Section's .09 Shearing Stress in Flat Slabs: ' 6.23.22.O9 shall not be exceeded. .01 In flat slabs, the shearing unit stress .04 In no case, however, shall the slab thick- a vertical section which lies at distance ness be less than one-fortlet l: (1/90) of (d) from the edge of the column capItal and parallel with length of the panel, it when computed by the formula: .04 Point of Inflection in Plat Slabs; p • V= .01 For interior panels which are fully con- .29w" * b. jd s the points of' inflection shall be • assumed to bee located as follows: shall not exceed the fallowing values .01 In a middle strip the point of in- ' .01 0.03t" - when at least fifty (50) flection for slabs without dropped percept of the total negative re- panels shall be assumed at a line (0.23L) distant from Enforcement in each column strip passes directly over 0.9L)the nter of the span and for distant from the center of the labs M1dropped panels the column capital. span. .02 0.0251" - when twenty-five (25) per- .02 In a coitmin 57riD, the point of in- cent or the total negative reinforce-. election for slabs without dropped sent in each column strip passes directly over the panels, shall be at a line 0.33 (Irv) distant from the olumn capital. This is a minimum requirement. center of the panel and 0.3 (L-c) for slabs with dropped panel. .03 For intermediate percentages, pro- port ssnate into rneelate values of .02 For discontinuous flat slat Panels the points the allowable unit stress shall be :Died_ of inflection shall be etermined in accord- - ' with the conditions and restraint by established .02 In flat slabs, ]n the sheet g unit stress principles of mechanics. vertical section ction which lies at a dis- tance (a) from the edge of the dropvef panel and par- .0B with Slab Reinforcement: allel it shall not exceed (0.3fal. .01 Spacing of Flat Si., Reinforcement .03 For the purpose of this Ss titan, (d) shall be the average depth at the section in .01 Bands of reds in two-way systems of question from the compressive surface of the concrete reinforcement shall be spread evenly to the center of the tensile reinforcement for negative over the width of the strips. bending. .02 Direct bands of reds in four way sys- .1f, Marginal Beans in'Flat Slabs: team shall have a width of about (0.4) -times the panel width, diagonal hands (0.4) times the .01 In panels having a marg nal beam on ono average panel o widths, and the rods shall be spread evenly edge on each of two sd'acent edge. in the bands. he ther ornot the slab is d]scant inuovs there, the been shall be designed Lc carry at least tie load stover .03 The one I mum spas_ng of rods shall imposed directly upon it. exclusive of the pane/ load. not exceed three (3: times the thick- A marginal beam which has a depth get ter than one anl ness of the slab. one-half (lj) times the slab thickneshall be de- signed at Colima Heads; Reinforcement signed toSupport, in addition to the .oad superimposed .02 Arra ngement upon it, uniformly distributed load .equal to least shall be aided not only for the moments at principle design pro-e one-fourth& is *(b) the total live andedeed load for wM1lch none but also for mangntd al int sw:dlitEe sections. a lace panel or panels are des izne<I, '% Steel of the full area'required'for-negative-moment ..02 Where there is a beam sr bear]at the caltem head shall be continued in the sameplane the center line of lama In theg interio• S' close.to the upper surface of the slab to the edgeof ortions of a continuous flat lab the native m the dropped panel, and not less than a distanc (0.2L) at the nemm'w Wall line in the ladle stripppee e from the center line of the celame. Lapped splices lei to the beamwall shall be taker, et thirtpaM3c shall not be permitted at or near reg ions of max mum percent greater orhn the negative moment y �, il stress except as described in Section 6.29.08.02.04. clops 5.29.82.M and 0.22..22.05 for middle strip. .03 Arrangement for Two-Wn Systems: The half o loin strip adjacent and t. rallel to a d Ilyy- tNemen Y yS 1ng oneither side of the bears orwall shall be designer of them .01 In colossi strips at least four-tenths specified inLefente Sections 6.23.22.04 and 0 23.2)2.05 for , at the �}{t 1 le design oft the for the area oft steelmregquired column •trip. The beam or wall in such cases shall In the• strip [hell in bars cot such pool and soplaced designedi to • yuniformly dist"IDated load equal s to reinforce the sections for negative moment t the to afourth (El aT the panel loads on oth sides Sn adjacent ,alum heads. These bars, and other bars for ' addition Co the loads directly imposed upon it. negative reinforcement shall extend into the adjacent ,Il panel to a point at least (0.O5L) beyond the point of Openings in Flat Slabs: inflection. Not less thanone-third r the bars used .01 Openings cf any size may be formed in tilt for positive reinforcement the column strp sall n to two 1rtersec tinemiddle be straightand extend into the dropped pnel at least strips. provided tata] positive and the tal twenty (20) iameters of the bar, but not less than tive moments, specifiedin Sections 6.2e.22.t%hant ' twelve (12) inches- or if nodropped panel is used, ;A9.az.o5s are ash ually gals tel whenIle en 1 shall extend to within (0.121: of the center line of -positive }M [ g l.;negat ive moments are -eta erl1top��h1 the columns. The rewarder of the bars for positive • between the remaining principle desijn sections to met reinforcement in the"column strip shall extend at least the conditions. (0.33L) on either side of the center line of.panel. Not less than one-fourth (f) in area of bars for g- .02 In an area cocoon to two colossi strl:Ainreinforcement of each column strip shall Ile di- -more than die Jps, not 11) opening si. l be allowed reetly columnr the capital and not less than one- • and the greatest dimension of such shall not half (}) within the width of the dropped panel, if any. exceed (0e05L), openi nog .02 In the middle strip at least. one- ae .09 one[n an(2) df the bars for ositive momentarea comma to nM ttl wn not i and er- shall be bent wp for negative moment and extend over morewahan d dle strip, openings shall Inter- (2)bands of the column strip. at both sides of the strip when evenly sn pace] and 1the or toe bars of t either panel to a point least (0.25L) beyond the center n lnteavpted olio 33 ape proided byL extra e a line of columns. The location of the bands shall be en both alder aP the opening. reinforcement such that for a distance (0.15L) for slabs with drop- Ved panels, and (0.125 L) for slabs without dropped .09 An openirR larger flan attuned by this Sc panels, on each side of the center line of columns, • um ^hall be pletely framed with bee.,the ful reinforcement requfrid for negative t to carry the loads to :De colones. will be provided in the top face of the slab. The moment ' reinforcement for positive moment in the middle strip .A3 a Cortruction Joints in Flat Slaps: Construction shall extend in the bottom face of the slab to a¢point j0ints meat at least (0.25L) on either side of the panel center slabs shall occur preferablyp midway between columns. line, and at least one-half (jI of It shall extend to Where snob joints 0cur, steel relnfore in shall be nins for with 17on either side of the panel center line provided [ eequi ed the )elm a -n addition to - f slabs op a paneld panels, and (0.95W for slabs the iO Rlreinforcementreequal required for (bending,h of cross wle hoot dropped pa�t¢ls. [lone] eras the j tc re.teel rl/9) that aided -sec- without for • .09 Arrangement for Four-Way Systems: be Lsplan ed no Eh wsr ltbree g(a)e t]me [l.e plat [M1ldmensl shall'be folaa shored for rim osilo,ed tensile e.ot Provisions col.governing `s[the in placing two-ae let the same sent ch sideCr tls ast. .M shall be placed systems apply as well to the direct bands in f0ur-we in each strip. with the reinforcement for De Mluuq sys tens. • .02 In diagonal hands, at leM't four- 622.23 .G1 Limiting Dimensions of Concrete Columns: tenths (4/10) of the areaof steel csl,IMI required at the section for ositlye moment dhoti be, .01 Unless designed as long oljmns under the in bars or suchhm length and soplaced as to reinforce` 1 provisions of this Section, reinforced c the agative moment section at the two diagonally op- rate eqg a shall benot longer,. between means oof posit- column heads. These bars and other bars for lateral support, than twelve (12)s times the least lac-- . negativereinforcement, if any, shall extend tend into thedistension dimension, nor hell the least ns ion be less adjoining panel to points at least (o.4L) beyond a line than [wale (12) inches. Struts shall be designed as - - tar nib VIM. r doe etnllr St .,-oo1 hell .il lets o. g 2y 2g k east-Iron or •t hap t 2 hell bt-enc led. 'T d for ksuch column, la Chaptew 26 when net.encase be as arol cluedfor upportad.h spin ° In Sermon ailed polu°r 1Ee aWleat gedneorc reinforcing 6.23.23.03:: excepth that the least dimension may be n .02 The diameter cast iron column en- lessn thin ght (8) inches. ,t eased shall v e exceed one-half (sae .02 In flat slab construction, except as other- dotalo ter or the co!i fhe core¢reB moot ar a.exceed wise provided in ling an 6.23.22, the least lve (12) pereen The dimens suns ch almena ion of a column supportingfloor shall be not of tstructural Vac tide lost lea t tbneeel section s(3)o nincl es betty men the cless enter than one-fifteenth el less than sixt en the average inches; to and epplrnl end the co r of the sec lien ant itsatte anal] that of acolum supportingonlyroof not less than not exceed twelver (12) percent of the core area. Metal 1 avve anor less than. p. ltmm shall be accurately milled Ift splices adp l. nurteen (14) (nchef the rage sur log live provision shall be made for the alignment ofone fourteen (14) Irohes. column above the other. • .02 Ursupported Length of Concrete Col ante: 03 Ample section of concrete and continuity .01 The unsupported length of a colon shall of reinforcing shall be provided at the be taken the clear distance between lat- Junction with beta. or girders. Where the c tunn e ref supports. :When the lateral support consists of lus lye of the cast-iron or flop structurallsteel section,seon a floor or roof'with beams of different depths, the is not ample to carry r or r height of the column to the bottom of the deepest been above, special brackets shall be arranged on the metal in given directionshall be used with the thickness core to receive directly the bean loads. of' the column in that lrectlon in computing the she n- .04 spiral and longitudinal reinforcement shall p deress ratio. be protected coreby a covering f concrete cast .02 In columns,supported laterally by struts, monolithic with thenot less thanoneand one- half uvsp,6pyocgtl lee tb shall be the t'l ear O lffiinggl underreams thie n3o2, ess than on for tire- distance between cp utive pairs- g�t a�yy a u s roeChapter or in Section 6.23.08.02.05. provided that to be considered an raoegaate support, two (2) such struts or beam shall meet the column at .08 Combination polumrc: approximately the same level and the angle between the O1 panei ns ill lend ublmtlon [alum In • tee (2) planes formed by the ax is of the c olun and µe a ate load o [[eel col was f ref lad the axis angle each strut such respectively(2)e sy and/ortsshallthe For- or built_ section wrapped with No. 8 gage wire spaced lessttl than sevseventy -f between two ( struts r be not nd areen- huss vivey(103) (75) degrees. Such normore than one four (4) inches on centers p its equivalent, dent ne p fivet (so ) degrees. ctio struts shall be cased in concrete not less or two (2) connnec thick na toconnections, designed as col ums under this Sectionover all the metal except rivet beads and e a teel not exceedsc ennw ante for the .03 Concrete column capitals in flat slabcon- • steel columns specified in Chapter 28 multiplied by: struction, and brackets the full widt f :wtpo ted beam which are inclined at least forty-five 1 A (4s) aegreem to the column, may considered16U supports. • .00 Design of Spiral Coluirs: .02 The concrete shall be at least equal • quality to two thomard (2000) pound con- .01 The axial load on columns reinforced with crete act specified in Section 6.23.04. lot 1tWlml bare and closely spaced spirals enclosing a circular core shall be not greater than that determined by the formula: 6 23 24 .01 Height and Thickness: The thickness of no^o- YDNOLITII C lithic concrete walls WALLS shall be not less than one-ewentteth (1/20) of the . P - Ar (0.25 f' + 18000 p ) -suported height nor less than required In Chapters 22 and 32. where the core area (A ) shall not exceed ceed the area of • ',OR Al lowerole Stresses: Workingnco'yrees Sve sVesses a circle of which the diameter (D) is the outs ide aifl- Inconcrete bearing walla meter of the spiral. shall not exceed (0.062 I") when the wall is twenty (20) times the thickness `In height, increasing pro-, .02 The longitudinal reinforcement shall con- portionately to IO.IEf') when the wall 1a ten (lo)r'tllaas sist of at least alp (0) bars not less than the thickness or lees in eight. I'Y one (i) inch In diameter and having s effective . sectional ea not less than one (1) percent nor - than six (6)r percent of that of the core, which cross she shall heel placed insident as close , possibleo to the. - -- - - - I spirali reinforcement. The maximum number of lripher- - - • ofnth bars concentrated rmeea in the ring at the eiuire- mf the core shall.2 governed. . by thea spacingtheb require- ments of Section p.ri e.y2 If re,, the bars within - pared at ale periphery of the core, the (24) 6.23)23 shall a l stayed at eaintervals of twenty-four ( inches andshall not nearer to the outer. ring than two- tenths force) of the core diameter. (4)4 the ratio of 1placing lreinforcementin is greater thann fourop percent- least dimension between bars; but iont of esplans.hal beuatne the detail val need not be less than twelve v i(12) ihncthes�t hot • Plans. steel, submittedwith• .04 Longitudinal reinforcement shall be pro- .03 The ratio of spiral reinforcement shall tested by a covering of concrete cast no- bs not less than one fourth (f) the ratio lithic with the corenot lees than one and one-half of the longtudinal relnr^r cement'. Spiral reinforce- (141 Inches se nor r2less ththan ne requir6.23.08.02.05.r roofing shallconsist of evenly spaced continuous spirals, underp _ or held firmly n place and tr le to line by at least three • (3) vertical spacer hars. At the ends of all ap}rals .05 Long Colors: and at. points of spline, the outside diameter shall be maintained. The spacing of the spirals shall be .01 The axialload on columns which are leng n t greater than p than twelve -sixth (1/6) of the diameter of shall not begreater than t Imes theleast d tans loll the core and in no case morethan three (3) ins healroundco .04 Spiret and longitudinal reinforcement shallhe p' P ( LW Li cast - ) poll hic with pthe acore ^ot cted by aless nthan onring of e and one-half D8R c (1i) lrchs thick nor less Shan required folei e-prop�tt and for roc )s c ol ups: .iQYV✓l'' 11% under Chapter 32, 444i.Sect ion 6.23dq.02.05. iftango) .05 In columns supporting a beam and slab fled! F roof, the spiral reinforcement shall a P' = P ( 1.50 . ) tend from the floor bel ow at least one and one-half 1UR Mr_ Ili) inches above the bottomof the shallowest beam .02 The radiusof of the floor or roof above, which frames into the color. gyration of a column shall; be computed from the total concrete a .06 Xis colonsr supportltn a flat slab or roof, and the transformed area of the longitudinal steel; the spiral reinforcement shall extend front e.g.: I.he actual area of at eel multiplied by (n-1). p capital b at ove floor least. to mid-height of the concrete column c .06 Bending in Concrete Column: ' .04 Design of Tied Colum¢ or Struts; .01 The bending which may be found to exist In columns due to wind. arrangement of .01 The axial load on enl:mms or struts rein. beam and/onslabs, eccentric loads, soil pressure or forced with lonitudinal bars and separate any other latral orces shall be provided for in the des in of the columns. Bendingdue to the restraint lateralheties shall be not greeter than that determined of floors e distributed beween the column below by the formula: and that above in proportion to the vale of their rm- tis-(I/h). P Ar ( 0.20T' + 19010p L .02 One and one half (1§I times the unit c nressive stress in the concrete, due to where the cn area (A 1 shall not a eed-the'area f axial load a d the ext rem r y ass ive)trees dne to section of whichthe`dimensions aremeasured to the [snouted bend fog, when added,os is ll not exp ed the al lwenle streets In flexure a sliced in Sec Clio 6.23.30. a uer edge of the hoops. asp .02 The ratio of longitudinal reinforce/teat .03 This al lowabless[toss la abject to increase shall be nut less than n (1l percent In medrdance ith secuan b,z3.t0.o3 under a shall the ratio considered in the One ions be wins mods. her. is not suDJe t to reducuan for slander more than iota (4 percent of the r ea (4 the col- umns. ea Ali cnitsns ant, Tow vet. supy rt the er a ]elj The I ongit Tacna l reinforcementashellconsist loads without exreeel� the mi roeses all puce the refer, of not less than tour 14' bars, of a diameter o less• aubfect td tea uc tips tar mlertle areas in ea cordance win than five.eighths (5/B) Inch. Section 6.20.23,05, .03 Lateral ties shall be not less than one- .07 Composite Colmar: fourth (c) inch in diameter more then twelve (121 inches apart. In columns ' r rectangular .01 The axial load onomposite =cl omm, '. . baction, containing more than far 4i longiudinal which a str un aural .s eel dr ast Iron cal- ars, cross ties hall be arranged to Affordsupport iron is n ea in the contra to cot ar a sal rn ur e • to all vertical pars 'at Intervals not greater hn the inror teen encased column myth not lean than two (91 e thh four (4) percent of Iongitudinal rein- forcingefn the form of bars arranged at the periphery' of the hie a, not less than a (l percent P spiral! - reinforcingu s Section . .23,0k re Sultana nos for spiral&..ee ---- - b.h3.2a_03 sheL not_act= these` 6.23.24 6.22.25 .03 Lateral Support: Concrete bearing walls exee.! p1,py Sheer and I Tension: tog in height ten 001 ties "5°^° the wall thickness shall be provided with adequate let.. .01 The shearing unit stress Computed ral support. by means of a concrete floor aysten, con- crete formula given n Section 6.23.12.01.02 tun buttresses, concrete orslip and concrete walls. any vertical peripheral or plane section cf e footing cto or steel eams ormummy or other adequate atdistance (d) from th face of the smarted column means, arranged that suc wall sall be supportedor arom the face of a cap and parallel with it, shall vertical intervals notexceeding twenty 20) times otexceed (0.02f ) for footingswith straight bars,en wall thickness. Wod loo systems all not be nor 0.03f') for footings 1n wich all. the gbars e considered adequate lateral support forwalls having hooked as iirov lded for special anchorage In Section a height in excessof ten (10) times the thickness, 6.2o.14.02. except that sh eb flor systems may wan considered to provide proper suport when used in connectionwith .02 In footings built.in columns required for masonry walla in ec- for diagonal tension sshall be:cal siderel r ion 6.26.10.03. Struts used to provide lateral support at a distance (d/2) from Lie face of the for wails which have a height exceeding ten (10) tiros ten tad any pile, whose centersat 1:h the width shall be dsigned as required der Section nearer he supported soo= shall aree e 6.2.3.23. except that the depth of such strut shell be ig the shear. -c .. m cwn- not less than. one-twelfth yy (1/12) of its span. .04 Reinforcement: Concrete walls shell be rein- •06 Bearing on Concrete Poot3gys: forced with an area of steel in each direction, vertical and horizontal. at least .01 The unit compressive die or ba.de:g stress on equal to 0.0025 times the cross-sectional area. Walls or to of fortate directly tv antler the column more than eight (S) inches In thickness shall have one. te cormula' not be greater than that determined h♦ half (a_) of the steel at each face of the wall. The for hare stall be not farther apart in either direction than eighteen (IN Inches, regardless of whether the f, A' steel is disposed in one or two layers norshall lessL ( 3 4. ) , than the equivalent of three-eighths (3/8) r und bars 16 A be used. The vertical steel shall not he relied on to carry load unless tied and arranged as In reinforced concrete column nor greater than (0.375f:1. .0.5 special Loading: All hearing walls shell be de- .02 The unit compressive stress on the gross ' signed f,a' any late,al pressure area of the footing shall nut [xceed 10.251''). to p which they may be subjected. Eccentric loadart wind shall be fullprovided for. One and one-half .03 The compressive stress in 1o^oncrete °1 re- • Inpl times the unit Compressive Stress due to directo shalt be transferred the footint at the base gdowels. There load 1 ad anti he trerse compressive stress due to computed n6 byw - bending, when added, shall not exceed the allowableate shall be at least one (11 areaawof tforhe we column Ihbe Stress in flexure as specified in Section 6.23.10. not he toterl the ional [he Heels Fall be not leas than the sectional areaof tie longitudinal reinforcement in the column. he dove Is shell extend the 6 23 25 .01 General: The size of footings shall be deter- toted (24) diametersnd foradefmrsedsMron.not Uss than Mm<y- FU?ING3 mined as provided in Section 6.21.10. The general provisions of this Chapter shall govern the design of footings, except as otherwise provided herein • .02 Loads: Footings resting directly on soil or on piles shall he proportioned as to area or o r of piles on the basis of the calculated col int load plus the weight of the footing 11.se lf. For computations of moments and shears, a upward reaction • unitpe f area onn e en or per pile shall be ile wo on the cal g .elated column load (not including the weight. of the e__. • footing) divided by the or by the mutes of pilot - --- ----- --'—` -ri3 Stepped or Sloped a Footings: For:ins in which thtckn e s as been determined by the requirements[for shearemayl be 6.24.01 tepped or sloped betweenthe it Ica I Lime eon and the edgeP the footing: provided ided that tne shear at no lion outs ide he critical section exceeds the allowed unit value{ and provided further that the thickness of' the footing above the einforcement at the edge CHAPTER 24 - REINFORCED GYPSUM SONCRETE shall be not less than six �6) inches for footings on soil, nor less than twelve (12) inches for footings on el:es. Stepped or sloped footings shall be cast, 6.24.01 .01 Reinforced gypsum concrete shall be designed by as unit. _ I DESIGN OF methods admitting of rational anaays is according REINpURC® to established principles of me hanica supplemented .04 Bending in Footings: GYPSUM by the assumptions beret, specified, to support the ' fowling- loads and withstand the forces to which It is subjected .01 The critical section for bending in a n- without exceeding the stresses allowed In this Chapter Crete footing which support, concrete for the materials thereof a The genes it assumptions columcolumn shallw be consWhere elderedl to be attiron c coluace mnf the and bases Chaper principles23 hall alsofied app:y for to reinforced inforced gypsum c in are aedororcap. here masonry walls or oars supported onsuch con- crete insofar as they areapplicable. footings, the moment shall be computed at the middle .02 Reinforced V Concrete to used for the of the base or wall even though forbearing, the loadfloors and roofs of buildings mayed other construe Is considered as uniformly distributed over the head Lion for which it is suitable,but shall not be used of the column, pedestal or wall. where exposed to moisture or to the w or for .02 The bending moment at the critical section the floors of r vibrating or other floors subject Ito heavlivy square columni shallare be commputed fromt the load contents the loadmovis ing s excess toff fifty (50) p or ounds peroors il square a foot. trapezoid bounded by one face i' the column or cap, the corresponding outside edge of the footing and h 62402 .01 Precast }•paconcrete wilts shill not be used portionsidered ass appthelied two the ice The load shall of e cane Comma,OF structurally t floors or roofs until the m Sapezo as pFore r at the ngsr of gravity q the factures thereof ltas submitted satisfactory evidence shallnu zbe eta ken oat square footings the bending moment GYPSUM canTE' of their quality and the Chief Bulldin1, Inspector has t conditioned given his approval. Approval shall he conditiod upon such requirements as to design, enter i..1s, methods of M =. we (a s c) .56e manufacture erection and;support as the Chief Building Inspector shall determine. For round oroctago:l eolu:w¢, the distance sal shall .02 A competent inspector, satisfactory to the Chief Building Inspectorall be me iota the he taken as eual the size of a square of a area FYr usI to the area enclosed within the perimeter r of the owner, on work Involving the use of gypsum concrete canna.. cast mixed ea deposited.[ all in tines when gyps tin xonc re[e is being or .03 Rectangular or irregular shaped footings shall be computed by dividing into Crape- .03 ableThe f testshief B from tiuildingInspectore o iro mayo I:yes uuquirn concrete I e ids tributary to the sides of the column, usin [be units orof the materialsof gypsum effort rete construe distance[to the center of gravity of the area asthe [tan to determine their ill and wn.'ther they moment of th upward forces. Outstanding portions form to the requirements of this Chapter. con of combined footings shall be treated in a similar mx Other portions of combined footings shall be de- signed as beam: or slabs. 624 03 .Ol The term gypsum as used to this Chapter shall .04 The sectional area of reinforcing shall be MAIER1AIB meancalcined gypsum. Gypsum used in gYys OF GYPSUM concrete shall conform "°II the "Specificftions for Calm p unless the width distributed greater rhan the across diameter e faf he CONCRETE clued Gypsum' and the "Specifications Materials. ats for Gypsum" of columnplus twice the effective depth of the footing the American Society for Testing Wte rle la. in whch case the width over which the reinforcement. is spread may be increased to include one-half (11) the .02 Gypsum concrete shall consist of a mixture or remaining gh width of a footing. midi Total eiefnforceagypsum and water, with or wihtch wood r hard, fiberk : orother approved ingg ma. winch, when hard, belt shall be placed outside of the width specified, makes a satisfactory building material Out such rei nforcement shalll not lb considered a ef- .03 Precast gypsum concrete shall chcaln not Do fee tfve in a istingnthe calculated bending moment. than three (al percent, and cast l place nypamn re R .06 Footings shall, insofar as is practicable, not more than twelve and -half (12f) erce t of he designed concentric and with a minimum wood ^before nmixina, or fiber by weight of dry mat of bending. Eccentricity in footings, when unavoidable, mixing shall be Tally provided for by means of footing straps .04 Materials other than ton n a used in c or by other approved methods. plane l°n with gypsum concrete to form n a system af floor or roof construction, shall conform to the re quirements of this Code for such materials. as regards strength, durability and fire resistive quality. t 25.01 `6.2 .04 At . yam ' cAIP V- MASORRY'MMLLSSO PARTITIONS ' 8 24 04 01 Gypsum concrete shall be classified according STREW" OF to mixture, and concrete of e tab c lass shall 1s admitting GYPSUM have minimum .strength as ofollows: 128GENE 01AL pa �a hall flee coral dg to a established primel of ...- CONCRETE yet s= • analysis see Liam here o mechanics. supplemented sa000 by the Caorryp MO➢ULUS OF : ULTIMATE AMNTRE Bpp S11aa to support the loads and wceed stand the' CLASS DESCRIPTION tEWBTICITY 1 STRENGTH to which it Is Chapter without exceeding the streeees 1 e m u• met In allowed in this chapter for the variousmaterials thereof. g gyps" i Nand water]only 1,000,000 1,800 6 25 02 .01 General: The quality of materials assembled In MATERIALS masonryand the method and mannerf 2 Icons"big not more TESTS AND their assembly h shall be eble for their and shall than three !3) percent APPRWAL conform to the requirements of' this Chapter. of' wood chips orfiber 600,000 i 1,000 OF MASONRY 3 Containing twelve not more UNITS .02 Mater leis: than wel a and ore masonryshall half (12e) percent of .01 The materials entering Into . _. wood chips or-fiber 200,000_ I 500 be classified for the purpose of this Code as follows: .02 The strength of gypsum concrete shall be deter- .01 Brick mined bycompressiontests of five (5) cylinders .02 Stork six (61 inches in diameter and twelve (12) inches lap, upon oB five (51 specimens. of which the length is twice tin least transverse dimension, cut from Precast "De ,03 Cast Stone. units as the Chief Building Inspector shall specify, ,p4 Concrete Blocks to oonstant weight. The strength of the gypsum concrete for the purpose of this Chapter shall be taken .06 Structural Clay Tile s the average compressive strength of the five (5) stren"errs. th rof ththerrweakest than one -third (1/3) above the .06 Gypsum Tile 03 Gypsum concrete.e which lacks the strength re- .07 Plain Concrete poredith for t approvalova tofe thertChief Buildl SLrIn • .00 Plain Gypsum Concrete huretor,, ided the it stresses are proportionately em Prw reces, but gypsum concrete which and less compressive .09 Mortar strength t ben rive structurally lly pounds per square inch • .02 A material of masonry other than those class- sM1all. not be used sir uc t orally 1n a floor or roof. ified in this Chapter. which is lncmtustible and otherwise sufficiently embodies the characteristics 6 24 05 .01 In the design of structural members of reinforced of one of the materials here classified and gwhich sat- bane uirements of this chapter for t mat- STRESSES shall nose um ceed connote the unit stress following allowablen the values:nc rate erisle may be gIncluded by the Chief t materialBuilding uil ing which itctor TN GYPSUM In the classification of CONCRETE closely resembles, subject to such tests as he may pres- ➢c8CRI3TION RATIO TO ULTIMATE cribs Maximum tilt compression in bending 0.25 fg .03 Tests: Tests of masonry ore the materials thereof, Axial compression or bearing 0.20 fg shall o mde in accordance with the meth. Bond plain bars or wires 0.02 fg ads of the American Society for Testing Materials and Bond on deformed bars or wire mesh 0.09 fg the requirements of this Chapter for the materials class- Shear - straight rods or wires 0.02 fg ]fled. Materials not classified shall be tested by the shear - reinforcement anchored 0.03 fg methods and to the requirements of the American Society for Testing buildingInspectorMaterials or to such other requirements as (fg) is the ultimate compressive strength as per Section the Chief buslblllty for such Ins a tor shall stes its shall attach i -to No Testhe City of Miami Beach. .02 Lai t stress In steeI reinforcement shall not ex .04 Approval: teed the valuesallowed in Chapter 23. aoapproved -01 All me nrY its hall beeMved bearhe pPAIRED RN .01 Floor and roof slats ofpoured-in- lace ark6 or brandBuildLing Inspectortying ar PEACE concrete shall be solid ad f uniform thickness permanent Mark identifying the manufacturer 0YIVJY not less thantwo and one-half (3)oinches. CONCHEYE P. .t a• In the shall be asign assumedito actslabs structurallyy gypsum a concrete t ofmdesign specified in Chapt concrete and be principles 3.22.02 .03 The span of poured-In-place gypsum concrete slabs shall not exceed six (6) feet center to center of beams, except in s -called suspension construction in which the span shall not exceed eight (8) feet. , .04 Recessed units in onto ban be et lees .04 In a pemxon construction, the reinforcing shall than five (5) inches thick nor the net consist of wires continuous through multiple spans less then one end three-e lgnths (1-3/8) Inches tR1e k. 'and anored at he ends. The wires shall be supported- .03 in the top of the slab by the of or floor eams and are-seat solid reinforced gypsum concreteunits shall be pre-stressed by being drawn down as nearly to not morethan fifteen (15) inches wide and ews the bottom of the slab at mid-span as fire-protection on the long eges with structural or pressed steel of requirements will allow. Ina pension construction, approved deslg anchored to the nits, hell be not the gypsum concrete may be so suspension that a part of less [han tune (2) inches awns k, If tune length f min its the hole of the total floor or roof load Is supported is not lees [hanone d two-thirds (1-2/81 since tune by the slat in bending without exceeding the stresses. pan and the teal nlnai g n the dges fa des l44nee [o allowed in this Chapter. If the gypsumconcrete is interlock with adj oft lam¢ its 1n the of tompmd unable tosupport the entire load in'bending, the re- and grooved wooden planet, and is of 8 mannerlent strength mainder of e load shall be assumed supported by the [a tansmit the load on one unit cn ad joining units, n it a. wires in suspension, and provisions hal be U in the end joints slay be staggered at ransom n t less than the framing ngr of the ea floor system a m for resistingo rthe com- pressive twof(2) feetm and the construction say be designee as wires shall be designed for a tension per inch width continuous. of slab equal to: •01 Precast BYMum: concrete cite for floors end roof nstruction shall be reinforced and unless the Nape or na king f the unit 1s such at to Insure its WO be fag placed eight aide up, the reinforcing shall be gd Pounds per square Inch slynne tr feel so that the unit can support its toed either de up. Where (n) is the total load per sque a foot. (1) Is the span length in feet. • (a) is the sag of the wires In inches. 6 34.07 .01 Precast gypsum concrete units for floor construe- . WE CAST Lion shall be of uniform thickness except for GYPSUM rabbets at supports, and shall be solid. Such units CONCRETE for roof construction may be of uniform thiol ess, solid or hollow orrecessed be r sed on the under side. Thesc pan of precast gypsum concrete shall not exceed four (4) feet In floors and six (6) feet in roofs. For the purposeof this Section, any span over three (3) feet shalle called a long span. .02 ExceptE as otherwise provided in Section 6.23.07.03, he than tefollowiing thiclmesa s:" concrete units shall have not less .01 Solid units in roofs shall be not less than' two (2) Inches thick, no r, If a long span, l eu5 than three (3) inches thick. .uz Solid units in o(z33a)sin he athick,less ,a if a long span, less ten four (4) inches thick. na .03 Hollow units in roofs shall be not less than three (3) inches, northe shell 1n compre• ss- ion less than three-fourths ($) Inch thick: If long span, the units shall be not less than five (5) inches thick n r the shell in compression less than one and' • three-eighths (1-3/B) inches thick. - _ _.._. _ --_ _.__ c.25.02 copy• i.25,07 • or bes on gelling the hief Building markns tor. .01 Partition Tile .02 Approval of exeonrdy units one shall veer➢end for per. .02 Floor Tile be obtained doupea tests application and the submission a of may .03 Load-bearing Tile this ( laptet` In accordance withprovisions of .02 Partition Tile: .03 The name of the person, t'irm or corporation .01 Structural clay partition tile shall hi and its officers who m n facture orsell class If led for phys Leal qua y lty as Grail my wilts shall be on file with¢the Chief Building "A" or Grade "B' according to the fol loving table: Inspector nt ofsanytmanufa manufacturer or agent in ownership or management _ - ¢(tent whose product is approved -- - under this Section, shall be reported to the Chief Build- STRUCTURAL CLAY PARTITION T=1E log Inspector, WATER ABSORPTION BY RESORT PERCENT .04 The provisions for testa for approval of Grade 1 Average Of Individual =nd ly ld ual masonry unite shall not be construed as _ _ I. Five Blacks Maximum Minimum in lieu of any testsotherwise required usler this Chapter. A i 5 to 161 19 9 .05 Failure of a manufacturer of, or agent for, Pi18 to 15 2B 4 Masonry units to obtain approval orto sub- mit - - - -- - tests asrequired in thhis chapter, such additional .02 Structural clay partition tiles of the di- sts aas the hief Building such masonry require, shall re Ions indicatedhall have the construe- betion aid dry weightsgiven in the rot towing tale: • 6.26.03 .01 General: Eric k, as class fried in this Chapter,t STRUCTURAL CLAY PARTITION TILE BRICK shall Inc lode masonry units usually about two and one-fourth (2 ) inches thick, three :d I): ns i Minimum Number I Minimum weight three-fourths (3Q) inches wide and eight (8) Inches (Inches: 1 of 'ell II re .1 long. Prick shall be not less than seventy-five (75) - - - - - - percent soli and shall be of materials follows: X 12 121 3 14 .01 Burned clay brick shall be of burned clayx 12 12' 3 • 115 e or shale. x 12 12 3 I 1B x 12 12 it 02 _ .02 Concrete brick shall be made of Portland t 12 12 '4 26 cement, aggregates and water as specified 1 x 12 12 4 35 In Chapter 23. I 5 12 12 4 40 Ito brick shall be made of - - _ - .03.03 and sand, ]Imo -_ y and water well mixed, pressed and cured in .03 Structural clay pertltlm tile shall not and cdarefully Xcontrolled process to a uniformly hard and be used In load-bearing m.swry. Such tile e product. exposed to the weather shall he Grade °A" and where d in .02 strength of Brick: Brick, whether of burned or¢`batter�reThe fire-resistive shells shall betion y ato leastdfivee - 1Le, shall be classified for strengthnwhen teet or aafla and - helf(A)hs (inch tht k inch and the interior webs nt least one- wise according to the following table: rctura CLASSIFICATION OF BRICK BY STRENGTH .03 Floor Tile: bet classified lfor ptysical floorl qushal ality y as COMPRESSIVE STRENOTK MODULUS OF RUPTURE table under der"Section or `6.25.07.02..01.. tording Structural absorption Grades (lbs • ilea ..1 floor file used in floor and roof c instruction shall oof Individual Average of Individual have at Gradethe physical "Specific oft rhet tile ficlam- Average - FiveTests Minimum Five Tests Minimum total Clay Floor Tile" cf the Aneericar Society for Test- A4500 or 3500 Cot or 40) trig C 25011 ta4500 2000 450 or more 300 .04 load-bearing Tile: 1250 to 2501 1000 300 or more 200 .03 Res Vie[Sore: No brick shall be used for .01 Structural clay load-bear ng5 tile shall purpose in connection withbuildy be ' according for altar Lion La as Grade ing under this Code which does not at least 'net they Se" or Grade 7. . to the absorption table under Section a.2s.m.oz.m. requirements for Grade "C". Brick for load-bearing masonry or masonry exposed toe0". weather shall at least -- - -- ---' ----'-- meet the requirements for Grade °B". .03 Thefile of each grade shall also satisfy in theavorage requirements for midge and minima strengths of the following table: 6.25.04 Stone for masonry y shall be hard and durable and, where 1 abSTONE le,be to the weather,it`s natural bed horizontal.practic- STRUCTURAL CLAY LOAD DEAR:.NG TILO 1 COMPRTSSIVE STRENGTH. POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH OF GROSS AR - B.'ffi.o5 Cast stone shall be made of Portland Cement, Aggregates END CONSTRUCTION SIDE C0.45TH UCT1pV CAST and water with or without admixtures. Cast stone for Grade Average of Individual Averageof Individual STONE load bearing masonry exposed to the weather shall Five Bloci Nlnlnoas Five Bloch Minima have an average compressive strength, at an of twenty- eight (28) days of at least three tho:nanJ�3000) ponds A 1400 or acre1000700 orfore 500 per square inch and shall have not more than seven n) B 1000 or more 700 700 or more 500 percent water absorption by weight. 6.25.06 .03 Tests to establish the ads of structural .01 General: Concrete block. es classified in this clay load-bearing tile shall be made by the CONCRETE Code, shall Include hollow masonry nz:thods provided in the "Specifications for Structural BIDCBS wall units of concrete made of Portland cement, water Clay Load hearing Wall Tile" of the American Society and approved aggregates having a net-cross-sectional for Test log Materials. perpendicular to the direction of the load, not less than fifty (50) percent of the gross section. The .04 Structural clay load-boating tile shall materials shall conform to the requirements for the Reve the cellular c ma action and the materials of concrete specified in chapter 23 insofar win faun we given in the foil's ins tame: ati they etptareetssfytismSctlaha 31 stsehe applicable, mno finished _ STRUCTURAL CLAY LOAD-BEARING TILE .02 Standard Units: The average compressive strength Thickness in Wall Minimum Cells In IlLtfmmn Tile Weight of five (5) its at the time of C:nn,e" Thickness orwa11 env m° p,, sq et delivery to the site shall be not less than the T011c 1 g: - ' • --- - MIXIM31 FACE- _-I AVERAGE ON GROSS UM MINIM ANY ONE 6 1 20 THICKNESSAREA AS LAID , UNIT GROSS AREA 6 2 30 Ih WALL AS LAID IN WALL 8 2 40 2 2 Cinches) ' pie nr oq on) per sq in. 12 3 52 ubaever i3 over I L 1Wo o .05 9tr:e tural clay tile u>ei in load-bearing: masonry shall have at least 4.- physical qualities of .09 Special Units: Special concrete block or tiler rade yti le and su:h inmasonrl in addition to meeting the re- exposed to weather shall be Grade °A". Load-bearing quirements for "Standard Unite", shall comply with the tile shall have shells at least ae✓en-e lghths O/B) Underwriter, laboratories Standard for Hollow Duildirg inch thick and shall c[herwise conform to the "Spec • Units" and shall have a compressive strength of not :fications for Structural Clay Load-bearing Wall Tile" less than one thousand (1000) pounds per square inch of the American Society for Testing Materials. on gross area as laid in the wall. Such units shall be certified by the "underwriters' Laboratories" and where such milts are used to conform with certain pro- 6 25 08 .01 Pre east gypsum tile used for partitions. fur visions of this Code, copies of tests and certificates 61154111 ring, fire protection or for other purposes under shall be filed with the Chief Building Inspector. TI P this Cute, shall conform to the prov inions of the "Spec ifications for Gypsum Partition Tile or Block" and the . .04 Absorption: CCooncrete :masonry exposed toysunitshwhir ch will "Spec if Ica pions for Gypsum" of the American Society [shed work, shall not absorb more than fifteen (15` nor Testing Materials. pounds of water per `t cubic foot of cone re to actually .02 Pre cast or shall not be used in lead-beer lnu ontained. Units which will be suitably protected from masonry 1 any masonry which will be expose,' the went) r in the finished work, shall not be restricted to the weather. as to absorption: B 35.09 .01 Plain concrete is concrete cast in place and nor 6.215.07 .01 General: Structural clay tile shall consist of , PLAIN reinforced, or reinforced onl;, for hr in kage STRLETAL well burned hollow units of clay or CONCRETE change of temperature. Plain concrete shall be mixed, IA " CUT TUE shale and shall be classified for use as follows: placed and cured as specified for c secrete in Chapter 2a. 1 8.2E 12 . .. ej loch.CB eightE %) inchesland for masonry piersshall leg mitt .03 Plaina concrete in load-bearing masonry,unry or for whe one (1/10) of the Unsupported height. fire- resistiveex ed r or purposes, shall beof, or where ucch proportions sec G.26.18 Load-bearing arches in wall or floor construe- per to have a strength at least two thousand ('2000) Poimde ng nee nrr n square inch, as provided in Chapter 23. .MASONRY Mon shall not be permitted except with the special ARCHES permission of the Chief Building Inspector and then shall be subject to such requirements as he may pre- 6.25.10 ,01 Plain gypsum concrete is gypsum concrete cast a Lae. r PLAIN in place, whether neat or containing a binder, • GYPSUM and either umeinforced or reinforced only for shrink- CONCRETE age and for holding in place. Gypsum concrete shall 6.25.14 Reinforced unit masonry shall not be permitted except be mixed, placed and cured as specified for Portland REINFORCED with the pecial permission of the Chief Building In- Cement concrete in Chapter 23. MASONRY specter antl then shall be subject to such requirements s he may prescribe. • .02 Plain on shall B ntain sum concrete not used t fifteen (15) percent by weight of wood or other combustible binder. 6.25.15 Second-hand brick, stone, block and other masonry unite SECOND- shall not be used in masonry unless they conform to the, RAND requirements f this Code, are oandmd a have been thor- a 26.11 .01 General: MASONRY oughly cleaned and approved for use by the Chief Build-1 MORTARMATERIALS ins Inspector. .01 All cements and limes used in mortars shall conform to the requirements of the standard Specifications of these materials of the American So- 6.2540 .01 General: Masonry walls constructedpoured of solid ciety for Testing Materials, as listed: !%TEBI(l, or hollow o ot you ede concrete 1/00..BgaR- and used for exterior load-bearing or pare .01 Quick lime for Structural purposes. ING MO FIRE purposes, comply with the requirements of this WALLS Chapter, hall have a minimum thickness f eight (8) .02( Hydrated lime for Structural Purposes. inches frame-work be the(walla soh that reinforced con- cretee .02 Specifications and Tests for Port- beteeytw000ntl ssthe reltnitknt - land camfit between nor more ehawy two (22) times the wall thickness between any two verti- .02 All mortar used in unit masonry construe- cal to webers. No roof or other i:Ee s shall be so placed t ion .shall be'either lime-cement mortar as develop any direct thrust against walls. or cement. mortar. Hollow masonry walls, Cr masonry of hollow units and any unit masonry likely to be under .02 Restrictions: Load-bearing masonry walls shall water or in contact withsoil shall be laid in cement not exceed a total height above mortar, except that gypsum tile partitions mew be laid grade of forty (40) feet, exclusive of parapet walls, up in gypsum mortar. All unit masonry shall be laid end such walls which are forty (40) feet r labs in up with full beds and end joints. Mortar or grout under height shall be considered as load-bearing unless spe- metal bases of cottons or beams resting upon concrete eiftcally designed and constructed as part of a skeleton shall be cement mortar without any lime. frame. .02 Lime-cement Mortar: Except where likely to be •03 Reinforced Concrete Framework: order water red contact .01 Horizontal Members: Horizontal reinforced with the soil, lime.cement h mortar may Der d for any such masonry construction l m hich the units are solid, arm' concretemembers, as mortar shall composed of one ' P part of lime part of the frame-work required in Section 6.24.10.01, nts or )hydrated lime, (1) part. or enr gread cement shall be locatededt at each floor W roofui level t and at and (of parts of sand one are s when rgreater per- h ithe maximum levels as may be required tocomply centages of he masonry cement used, the working stress with the thickness. mem e , shall eighteen (co) times the allowed in the m peci ied o Increased rtar. lactate ly lll xteriorse. uch bee is r -bew continuous eh in up to the stress`apes specified for cement mortar. all ly teal« load-bearingquiand Sectio 8. .and 03.03 onto, with minimum dmensions,ms as ends rem forcg.03.he .OR Peruam ce:mne Mor sea: shalla: n :mot mortar a of rcingdimensions, areasera reinforcing. The shalli be used w hats iamet log shall be divided to fourthe bars or uniform (2) and masonry walls, ormasonry walls of der units diameterInches and shall bee. located in horrors two (l) and o` any h mas l ike in to be mortar shall water or ine from o less. Rean one-fourth bars shall he held in contact with the soil, and such tM1anl be in place by not less than a 4 ffeet. (S) inch round all composed of one (I) part of Portland cement and not hoops spaced not over four) feet. Sp lices shall.. than three 13I parts sand by volume with at be not less then forty ndin (40) diameters and woe(2 ebars allowable addition of l per. putty or volume lime not be well tied by ion around not leas than is (2) bars to exceed fifteen (15) percent by vol line of the cement from ehan f direction(40) i the cor ,by a in$ nte not content. less than ( by tdiameters Or by ze lwQp not hall than four (4)Le bentbarsf of the asps size ach shall )4 Otbo r Mortars: other mortars- emit'6rlig el- not extend less than forty Ceve0) diameters orieach way iron fled b the Chief BuildingIn- the corner. Changesed1 the level of n ri cents] ::ember s. Y within the allowed limits,a shall made at vertical spector as either lime-cement or thePortland cement mortar, embers nod no inclined member shall be considered as as Indicated shd by their required and the result of hires sari,clog a horisontal one. and they shall .bea io s for to conform the require- ments and roximateon6 for the types which they most .02 Vertical Members: Vertical re hal inferred nearly approximate' concrete membersshall not be requiredetin n1(1 walls d ay Par- 6 26 12 .01 Compression: a total height except ten (10) feet, exclusivetra od any loads ash AlJj !ABIE providedl In Section to 25.12.05 and,ints of except th wwere as � UNIT .01 In masonry walls and piers subject to axial provided ar r openingsre d there shall be one (1) such STRESSES loads the average unit compressive stress x IN shall not exceed the valuesagiven in the following table: twenty required for t to each walls not flu exceeding Pih, adjacent to each opening jamb.( Bullet MA90NFY shg walls which have height exceeding ten rsO feet shalAVERAGE UNIT COMPRESSIVE STRESS IN MASONRY inside have verticalou reinforced a Oat susete members at all and outer nee corners and at Such intermediate (r...na, PP' Squire inch, sae,. Areal Points as maybe necessary to amply with the maximum ---" - -- " -'-"'-- en-Ce ?- spacing of tenty-two (22) times the wall thickness. Limo-Cement Cement In all eases where corneropenings are wed,vertical Masonry Mortar Mortar members shall be rs d adjacent to each such opening Brick Grade 'A" I 200 am) jamb. Such member* shall be wtlnhe from the famd- tfon through the full height of the wall exclusive of Grade ore"ne I50 225 1 any parapet wall and they shall conform in dimensions, Cut stone Granite I area and reinforcing to the requirements beof' section LSandstone 1 450 I G00 le 0.03.03. The reinforcing for gahall be ivided to Marble lr not less than four (4) bars for wall columns and five . Sands tone (5) bars forcorner columns, r, t the balm In one Cast St one ' TO ' der, (1) column to uniform In sire and to be located at Hobble Stone .On 900 the corners two (2)inches rem each race. Reinforcing struce Nl ticks IOU IG0 bars shall be held in pace by not less than -fourth tural Clay Load-bearing Tile I SO 100 („) inch hoops Spread not over two (2) feet.one-fourth r.Splices ___ -.._.__1_.___. shall be not less than twenty-four (24) diameters and .02 The compressive unit stress In lain con all such members shall be dowelled to the fotmequal tot the shall not exceeds t bat cified for rweth a inforcingnumber and area e4 required for t he`els at oltn,nleast When neceso sary, he monolithic concrete walls in Section 6.23.24. such vertical members y be offset at horizontal - ' .02 Shear: unite rThe unit sheer in masonry shall notes- Mrs to avoid openings but the m1Nmw spec Ins shall reed one-tenth (1/to is the allowable u met not he exceeded norspell any such offset melt r be compressive sm.ress. located over opening, In a load-bearing wall below. • .03 Bearing: The unit bearing stress in mas .02 Sizes of Venters: I. .1 e under supported beams, columns and .01 Horizontal and vertical members of other concentrations. and the max Sm,1er stress in mas the framework shall at least Comply onry walls and piers Ineludl, stress due to calculated w itlt the requirements of the following table: and a e: ntrir loading. shalt not exceed by more than twenty five (25) percent, the allowable average stress given In this Section. (REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMEWORK .04 Tension: mire inforred unit masonry s ha l) be Tots) Wall Horizontal gathers Vertical Withers assumed to have no value m resist • log tension. Height Minimum Minion Wlnl::tn Mlnimlm Mlnisa lMlnlmas Exclusive Dimon- Cross Rein- 'i Dimon- Cross • Rein- : 05 concentrations: In hollow walls or in masonry sins Areafreeing ion : Area forcing of hollow units, reinforced of' Parapet omen 11 issynil ebin 1 eil(s..to ) ( m a l concrete supporting members shall be provided under - - : I '"- - -- all load concentrations, which when calculated over Minimum 8 ' 96 . 1.0 ' S 96 i 1.0 a length of wall not more than the actual bearing or Jlp to 20' 8 96 1.0 I S 96 1.0 more than i wine the wall [Meioses and combined with ith over 20' 8 i 128 1 1.2 ' S ' 144 ' 1.2 other loads would otherwise exceed the allowable coo- - --------+--1-_L --'. pressive stresses of this Section. .02 Horizontal neidters shall be c Mered .06 Thielmesa: Masonry walls shall have a least adequate to supporto normal fouls over ' thiclmess as specified elsewhere wall orcorner openings not exceeding four (4) feet. �..•'a in this Chapter and asspecifiedsa in Chapter 32. The Where penings greater than four (4) feet are to be minimum thickness form my bearing walls shall be 6.25.16 i .25.21 used, the horizontal member shall be Investigated as (p01 feet. Veneering shall be securely anchored to • teen and the requirements of Chapter 23 spoil be NI2} _ messs et metal wall ties,by dsnot farther apar non corroding .03 Where, for architectural r z(18) inches vertically or twenty_rou,apart than incheesixteen he Cherwi sit isdesirablesmelly• the area war tothe re-' ineh qulraenta, theany chiefs Buildin Imsewmk r below n¢ .a2 Tile nearing not more than one eduction, provided that thegn a pof-oancre grant suety thick with Individual units not exceeding shall be replaced byto omitted y (20) inches in any dimension end havingnot more p elntorelog or structural steel [xe,a to the ratio l: (n_1). than two hundred do nt square inchesgso of backside .09 Lateral 6u area with °arc ngeti°o a orscoring on theu side Support: -The mar°rclnp concrete from- thereof,ee need not be anchored inaccordanceoh with the also be .somas to act work educed n roof Section above requirements but shall be cemented solid turtle withando systems backing sin with cement mortar soas to provide a rantm- and interior walla and partitions to provide lateral Integral support to the backing. support or masonry building wale Floor and roof systems shall a be not farther apart vertically than .02 Wood Backing: . twwelye (12) feet and shall be a gip'ei to horizontal cases, beforeLe applying than n¢ a the frame-work Dy [ less .01 Ian all Epp P•a8user, " - lgth (el yo equivalent, substantial w ao trVep spaces notf ) (4) One (apa .inch,P epounds saturated onto re l )not water-proofed tyor asphalt p ere the abovenanfourteen sheet.- : otter overdr additional sg ppof .ft in ant roofsu ing. per one hundredl .1 n square pafeper o shall bes all See ceeded, relac other adasoiry support ft offsets the Si a'Is of are lzmral ire shingleJ fashion, over the d vertical Mer- ( means for stiffening,masonry walls, in walls or other lap lapped not less than twoln(2)iincn e .d end ry, shall be provided. joints not less than six (0) inches. .05 Piers: When openingss IIn wall are .02 Masonry veneer shall be rot less than three t to leave sections of llowi arranged and ruse-fourths (39) n,c lea thick and 1 as than two (2) timese the wall thickness, such sham be bonded to the locking by w or substantive [to shall be f rei nforced concrete, constructed e required for vertical mber¢ as non-corroding metal we11 ties spaced n - farther at,our than at'teen 0.6) Inches v vcally aid tw my .00 Elide of Mood Meters: The ends of all wood Joists (291 inches her lz on[a Hy. be rs which bear onor other c ,bust ibis n, .03 lass Veneer: bete-whic shall masonry exterior walls of' required (4) inches of Solid sonry.t No edd with suot ch wood less than shall four .01 Glass veneer used on the exterior of haled. pass through any masonry wall of required resistance rigid, nc 'nntfmle s surfaces be red which are against tend straight- to fire. The thickness of suc glass ^ s veneernch be not less .07 Wall Additions: Mary new walls areconnected than eleven ae loss tls ) ft shall re no single L0'ex1st tg walls, such con- section,reile when Helvean eight (in excess :.bfre the sidewalk rent ions shall be by Means Of a vertical reinforced fe En vie, shall dimension greaterarea in than fee of ten (e ,square Cer to ovisio as specified a section 6le5.ettle. a tl Ian fair i feet. Whe(een Proper provisions lam shall be de forslant IBp feet or n above the aid:xalk orgrade. no "III*M and for lateral stability of thwal possible settle- single feet loor shall have an to in excesss( sixr el. square feet a tl]ne rts 3°n greater teen four (4) feet. 6.25.17 .01 Panel ells of solid or hollow .a .02 Glass veneer shall be :et only them the 9ANEL concrete In buildings of skeleton frame or e- thorough n backing to thoroughly .an and tr the WALLA lion, shall be not lee than eight (8) Inches thick, materials as willt effectively sealion of a mtbe d coat of such less than e_sightenth (1118) the distance be_ veneer backing [6 pof' the rtions Eta I or the t seen horizontal supports. panel walls of reinforced ties ofthe stic ciceeirent. Mrastic cement Eta shall properbe a 'Onerete shall be not less than six (6) inches and shall plied in pats to the back surface of each plate of glass be designed hap erd2f slab to conform with the qul rements veneer, which later shell be applied -. the backing wth sustantial and Atiform pressure aver its entire .02 Masonry p area sufficient to flatten out the pa's or¢mastic tenant Y panel walls shall be laced after the to not less than one-fourth (3) more than five frame has been erected end shall be well bonded eighths (58) inch. Sufficient mast 12 hall beappl ed • Merit Inch tle°prythis sepurp)se, keysw sot less ess]than one to insure at least fifty (50) percent of the areabeing pro- so bonded to the backing. v ided In the concrete members which form the perimeter tiers frsuch panels Mere start@el steel structural me _ .03 The bond coat and the meet i. shall be the used and fire-proofed ith panels wals shall be bonded into the masonry units, the suchproduct of one rencloseaaff, shall be of -provPing, t composition ran as to insure close affinity between • 8 26 Is Masonry parapet walls-shall be not less tempeight (g) PARAPET inches thank and shall be reinforced with vert lea] re- ---- WAIlA enforced concrete members as required for building walls which are less than twenty (20) feet high asspecified .04 Abutting edges fuglais veneer .shell b in Section 8.25.16.02 and shall be coped ith a _ ground square and lr:zont buttered I[ enforced concrete member not less than sixty (60) square anapproved pointingpads compound. ve asontal joints shah inches in cross-sectional area, which coping shall he be cushioned with pads of adhesive ghalt fc tape whin reinforced with not lessthan two (2) one-half (i) inch inch] fr. therearrt sun one.eughr noint round b place at h mid-height and two (2) inches inch or lessre m the ntt.cement n nd such Joint Te reinforcing or the vertcal c f%t be buttered with t t r, rcel t cushion full teas hers eachall be well ancored In the coping. The maximum of tlx joint including the surface of bee rYs n ion ra rt. height of such parapet wailsabove the roof shall not exceeds to the xmewal exceed hah](8) CI wall thickness unless specal .05 Where glassens structural provisions are made for its lateral support. surface, earl, such sea toe oriel rest te Iwo (o) cushionsofreproved tmx l limp meter tel not lee , than one-fourth The t be a placed at each en, C 288..10 Coble walls, which have an area in excess of fiftya(50) the of' each section. d joint between the bottom hall n GA1•IBsquareE feet fort shall be provided with vertical ties re- ,auleed5withs C water the ft top compound.f tin sidewalk shall W quiredg'walls which are leas than twenty proof (20) feet high, as specified In Section 6.225.16.03 and en .06 Where glass veneer extends below the leve hall have inclined members at the top specified of the sidewalk surface, an expansion in for copings for ° parapet walls in Section 6.25.18. of not less then -fourth (4) inch stall he provider between the outerface of the glass fereer and the eclg, 8.36�20 AI Hollow masonry walls shall conform with the of the sidewalk. This expansion Jo nt shall be (Mee HOLLOW6.28. If l° s spec- with a resilient caulking pmaxl free, the level of h WALLS permitted only connection withecct Jon n shall be sidewalk surface to a depth at leas: 1froe-fourths (?I " YType I9 buildings. inch below such level, .02 Hollow walls shall beCO constructed of masonry wits .07 Whereglass veneer is applied more than tire, plainor reinforced concrete, raO p twoform a (2) vertical t Ions,arrangedhh t as t ) feet abovethe upp amen ored bye he se than four]] 41 Inches with an internal hollow mastic cement bonding shall be minted b - the es- spece or ( es, not thick,mrrof non-corroding metal cliped angles r designi sShall between the vertical sections thanof four such ( inches wide factory lotedd the Chief ticlll an inspect or, edge Clips Shall walls. to located in each vertical lose and nor]red I-E ego of each .03 Horizontal and vertical reinforced concretese crt n veneer and "hall lie secured df{pe[ly to ell mem- bers shall be required asspecified in Section 'ell by lessmeansthan of expose°n .: wawa u steals Ifpde hall 6 25,16.03; provided, however, that. the paclry of such be not two (2) inches Sn metal. an Ia wag ht embers shall be calculated he sum of two (2) ver- not less capable eoo lsflu sustaining i poise user s such en6c l red sections and not on then overall thicimess of the shall be Raeen r taming tceme Lass in vertical ow Ileplane independent of tge mastic cement. non- .04 The two vertical sections of such walls shall, •08 Where glass veneer atis c°rrfi ed betweenIn addition to being tied by the horlr ontal and ]lent materials end:. yam tom shall verticals members, ham masonry or -c roding metal be properly Peov lama for. net over two (2) feet vertically and four .09 Upon completion of the glass veneer Instal- (4) feet horizontally, lateen, w excused edges shell be fleshed will - .05 Masonry wits used in such construction shall n-corroding sheet oetat and propely caulked with a be not less than one-half (i)Solid u Inwater-Proof vetoes. hor- izontal cross section as laid in the wall, shall set he requirements of this Chapter for the material used 6.25.22 .01 Masonryy fences three (3) feet or more in height and sll be laid in full beds of' nt mortar with FENCES shall conform to the following n]nlmw r full end Joints. ang requarercnta: MiNnn VERTICAL CCs Area TICS COPIt10 -DO Such hollowells shall be subject roM Thtdmeaa 9 e t Cr B Tie adds- clonal requirements which, e the opinionode / a- pan ,q tel Cr Am pet Chief Building Inspector, are necessary to produce a safe building. J d•• . e j 611t/q 6.25.21 -0t Masonry narking: I -O" 20 qr •4-1 Jg Po a d' VENEERER i O" . 1M 00 4-1'a' pp -1eft OR FACED .01 Veneeringor fatall 8i O• 15 i 96 d:24 W -lMr 'rams not be reidereed as addinglany strengthr to • s -0= 14 96 1 1 a R M 4-g 4' a^ 12 oo 1 s+: ern o-1 _' such walls and shall be limited m height above r°un0_ Wy0' l0 90 �+ =/P/ 100 z +/_x aeons or between proper and adequate supports to thirty _ _ .. i 6.25.22 4;25.26 At,) .02 Masonry unite shall comply with the requirement.% - aces ee of this Chapter for the materials used end sheaf. {t, be lai up in cement mortar. ! .02 Recesses e o r shall be permitted In' any exterior, load-bearing or fire-N • wall that will reduce the thlcImeAs below the minimum 6.25,22 Walls of masonry materials other then those specifically specified 1n this Code provided, however, that where OTHER dealt with in this Chapter, or arrangements of masonryrecesses have proper thickness of banking, they shall MASONRY' its other than herein provided for, sha be in con- o exeed a leogth'of six (8) feet. WAIlg Fermenta with the general provisions of this Code and S. nay be classified by the Chief Building Inspector an .03 Openings: The Mzielum percentage of openings of the types or arrangements here in provided fur in any horizontal cross-section of and subject to all or any of the requirements thereforany load-bearing masonry wall shall not exceed fifty id any such additional requirements he nay prescribe. 50) percent calculated between any two (2) required vent teal wall a tiffeners. 6.25.at Stucco tmed on the exterior of woad or steel stud build- ' STUCCO Ings of' Type IV Construction shall comply with the re- 6.25.27 .01 Projections: No fixed awnings, oriels, mar- , gvirements of this Section. PROJEOTIONS quees, balconies r other slmi- AND tar projection., which will come eccentricity, shall .01 Stucco used on the exterior of wood frame build- be built onto any masonwall unless the interior con- tras shall be appli overat least one (1) layer COPllE1B sanction of the building such as to properly resist of water-proofed paper or asphalt saturated elt, weigh-' such eccentricity. Subject to the approval of the Chief ing not less than fourteen (14) pounds per one hundred Building Inspector, such projections may extend not (1 100) square feet, laid horizontally hx inglefas Ilion totimesceed three (3) times the all thickness where spe- c the diagonal sheeting. Horizontal Joints shall cal provisions have not been made to provide for bending be lapped not less than two (2) inches and von tcali s.stresses and-eccentricity. Such projections which ex- joints not less than six (0) inches. Galvmlxed e, need tilt ee (3) times the wall thickness or which are panned metal, we ighing not less than pax and a fgllt- subject to any live load shall be permitted only when tenths (1.8) pounds per squre yard or wire fabric hay adequate structural provisions are e provided for their ing openings not greater than two (2) ineles in either snppor! ' direction and made of not less than sixteen (10)t W- k M. guage wire, shall besecurely fastened (1./Cr he polar ,02 Corbels: Corbelling from walls for chimneys or felt using a metal furring dev lee thate will pus) or other puroses shall be with re- vely fur the metal reinforcing al least one-feud h inforced concrete nd shall he such as to a no lack (t) inch from the backing. No formof strip or rods of stability fin the supporting walls. Subject to the shall be used for furring which will tend to weaken approval of the Chief Building Inspector, such corbels the sl ucco. Nails and furring dev ices shall be not may project not to exceed the wall thickness. more Than six (6) inches apart vertically and sixteen (16) .inches horizontally. Horizontal and vertical Joints of the metal reinforcements shall be lapped at. at two (the inches. thickness oflhich consist shall be three (3) coats, less one ) c three-fourths less inch o e_at four points inch. thick, excet pt shallthat the finish coat shall be not less than one-eighth (I/a) inch thick at any place. Tile. first coat shall be shoved thoroughly though the metal einforcing til all space between it and the backing is filler 0lid and such coat shall be kept moist for twenty-tour (24) hours after applicat ion. The other coats shall be kept properly moistened and not less, than twenty-four (29) hours shall elapse between the application of any two (2) coat°. .02 Sal studcbuildings ratite Type IV Construction shalsed on the exterior uf l be applied on not less than three-eighths (a/8) inch rib - ed metal lath weighing not less than four (4) rounds persquare yard and having ribs paced not m e than ix (6) inches on centers, other similar material • - _t- at least equivalent in strength and stiffness. This ' lath or other material mall be attached to the studs by substantial clips or other suitable methods at inter vats not exceeding six (6) inches. The I Maleness of the stucco or gu ite shall be not less than one and 6.26.01 ' one-fourYl,(1}) inches, of whionle.1 . .inch shall be appliedt to the exterior inlet less ten (3) ' coats and one fourthlat t*I inch( shall be ptp to the- CHAPTER 26 - STEEL MID IRON wenty of the lath in one ll1 s. eot as than lingtwenty-four ( hourss shellis e Deal co De plying of any twoconsecutive Gotta and ssch c sell be kept Wetted during such Periods 6,26.01 Structwee of steel and iron shall be designed by emethods stablished -03 The stucco shall be ordeal cement and sand n: DESIGN OF admitting of rational analysis according to establltion specified in Chapter 23. mixed In the proportion: R AM) principles a of eschenics, sylple.ented byv the assumption of not more than three (31 parts of sand to one (1 IRON herein specified, to support the loads Bald withstand the part of remand by volvme, with en allowable addition forces to which theysubject without exceeding the of lime rutty or hydrated lime not to exceed ten pmstresses allowed in this lunter for their varous ,sn percent by volume of the cement content Intwenty the first ars and materials thereof. two (2) mats and notexceeding twenty five (25) per- cent in the fin tail roar g,pg,p2 The symbols and notations used in this Chapter are de- .04 Expanded metal, wire mesh. high rib lath, furring NOTATIONS fined es follows: devices. clips, nails, et. used in connection the effective c ose-f¢etf oast e with eater for stucco work, shall be thoroughly gal- .01 A - of a member in square inches. area vanized by an approved process after fabrication. .02 a - the length of bearing of a coneen- • 6 25.25 The requirements specified herein shall apply to non [rated load or a reaction in inches PARTITIONS bearing interior separations of masonry materials other) egg b - the width of the ion flange than• fire-wails of a girder beam or otter member 1n .01 Parti dons of structural clay tile, cement block bending, in inches. or tile. gypsum block, plain concrete or other 04 d the clear distance Ee tweed atiffen- masonry materials shall ecmply with the requirement. ° f . this C holder for the materials used and shall be ers In plate girders bea Deane, in bull.t solidly against the floor and ceiling construe- inches. tion below and above within the limits of the follow_ .05 F - the actual unit stress that would follow- ing unsupported heights. " be permitted under this Chapter in pounds per square inch, 1f axial stress only existed. THICXA'phS OF PARTITION I MAXIMUM UNSUPPORT - HEIGHT .06 I the actual axial unit stress, in tin ° poundsinch, that is the per squire- - 2 -- - R axial stress divided by the area of the memer. 3 I 12 .07 F° - the bending unit stress that would ° 4 20 be permitted under this Chapter, In 6 20 a 25 pounds per square inch, if bending stress only existed. y .08 r the actual bendingunit stress, in Height. or Tenet n ° pounds per square inch, that is the bending moment divided by the section modulus (I). 02 Solid or hollow non bearing partitions of rein forced pies tel or gun la .shell have a I haloes •00 g - the transverse spacing or gage of not less than one and oneheir nil inches for .solid the holes or rivets under consider- ' partitions o hree fourths inch spell all-knees ation, In inches. for hallow partitions. Sues part it Ions shall have .30 h - the clear M1QM1f. ore girder or Dew vertical steel Irons channels with a depth not. lessother height inf begirt betweene than one half (Al thethickness of the partition, made orhemline of' not less than No. 24 U S. gauge metal and spaced flanges, in inches. not more than twenty four (241 inches center to center .11 I - the moment of inertia of a section about the neutral axis which is per- 6 25 26 01 Chases: No chases shell be permit ted in any peMicular to the direction wider consideration- CHASES, masonryexterior. load bearing or fire RECESS® ,all that will reduce c (d akness be low the m1 wham .12 L - the laterallywbr aced length of a AM) ream rememn of this Cade or Ira ha the required area compression nether or the mpree- . OPENINGS of any pier No chase in any Ma t I shall be deeper khan aim flange of a girder, beam or other neither in haling, third (1/ni the x lI thickness. KO horizontal chase inches; the d is to rice between vertical supports of one horizontal proction of a. dl gonai chase hall argirder, beam or other member in bending. or exceed tour (4) feet. Vertical chases shall be not rawer two (2) feet to ally requieed vertical wall stiffener ' .13 W. s .K.- an equivalent concentric load or force for a given eccentric load • or force, in pounds. 6 16 02 6.26.04 .14 N - the distance from the outer face of a flange to the web toe of a .03 The unit atreea in 1 fillet, in inches. which rolled structural steeltmember bolts con- .1s P - a concentrated load or reaction, netted, except the tres due to wird, shall notoex- iii pounds. teed the lowig allowable stresses it ped per Heuer* nicht .16 r - the least radius of gyration of a memberthedAllgvaRlE BTnFB! • or radius of gyration lESCRIPfION of a member about the neutral axis perpendicular to _ Ma. pert Bq. ills) the direction under consideration. Shear - Pins 111,500 Rivets, power driven .19 S - the sectionabout the ne modulus of a member is perpendic- T'rned bolts hi reamed hales 13,yk0 ular to the direction in which herding le being consiidered. Rivets, herd tlrlven 10,000 rigve ha boltsi 10,000 .16 a - the longitudinal holes rivets spacing pitchn- Tension Bolts, m area at roof of 13,500 •ids ration, in inches. o orinn tweed 16,000 .19 t - the this Neat of the web of a mem- Bending In pins •-'-zY oC0 bar in inches. _ .20 v - the greatest tmit shear in the panel .04 The bearingon expansion roll,re In of a girder or beam, in pounds per linear inch hat exceed 11x hundredd(60 j quota inch, under any conditions of complete or partial tires the dlame ter of the roer in Inc M°. leading. .21 x - theof n distance from the neutral axis 6.20.05 .01 Cast Steel: The unit tension, of action of an eccentric compression inn force, in iec to nchen°. ALLOWABLE. Dear 1n cast teecompression l Prexe 1pt and • due to wind, shall not exceed sixteen thousand IN CART (16,000) pounds per square inc .01 The materials of steel and iron construction shall C TEEL AND QuALIT0 conform to the specifications of the American So- CAST IRON .02 Cast Iron: The sat stress in cast iron, exceef. STEELTY OF ter° that due to sl in ounds per aqua e IROEL p,m clety }'or Tee[Lg Materials ea follows: the following allowable eGeaeea In oantls per square IRON inch: .01 Structural Steel to "Specifications for Steel for Bridges". -- .02 Rivet Steel to "Specifications for Strut- DESCRIPTION ALLOWABLE STRESS teal Rivet Steel". Tension 3,000 .03 Cast Steel to "Specific°liens for Carbon Steel Castings". Compreas pall 10,000 .04 Cast Iron to "Specifications for Gray Iron Compression in Coltrane axially loaded Gogh - 4(1 4 Castings". - Bending - in tension flag a,000 .1)2 Special her metals alloys, high carbon n land steel and ._ In compression flange 10,000 and steelc may be e construction with teed the i approval of the Chief Building Inspector and subject to such condition as 6.26.00 .01 Axial and Bending: he may specify. COMBINATION, WIND AM] .01 Members subject to both axial and bending .03 All tructural steel or iron sections shall be OTTER stresses shall be so proportioned that the straight and true and any sectn so damaged or STRESSES value of the following calculations shall not exceed otherwise out of shape as to effect its proper carry- one (1)• leg capacity shall not be used in the construction of any building. r• fD .04 Structural steel which has been previously used Fa + Fb 1n a building oror other structure which Rae been fabricated fur such use, shall not be used in a- nother Chief building Ild In or s rt�lnste Inspector wt. t under such con,. .02 No account need be take t, of stresses for d it theons as he may, in each case, specify.' Holes and/or D are loading when ate stresses those y produced ea a less than ten (10) percent of thosere welds in second-hand material shall not be filled in - N m to axial loading -r when a Id he r t of the such r as to , h theirexistence and such fill- centraldue web of another member and the resultant . the o if atheouseeo, heshall be �j uP1°stfon for refusing ana or force acts parallel with dolt. central web. toallow the use or the material. .05 The Chief Building Inspector may require reason- .03 Where a structural member .s directly ther netted or framed to the the of another able tests from time timeof steel and Ironmember byre of a web connection, the levershall to determine its quality and to t conforms to the taken as the distance inthe dire ctfon of armening requirements of this Chapter. from the neutral arts to the flange connection plus one-half (d) inch, and in all other cases of e 6.26.04ntric load or force, the lever armshall be takeen .O1 The unit stress In members of rolled structural es the distance in the direction o nding from the STRESSES ALLOWABLE steel, • ept the stress trduesto wind, shall not neutral axis to the center line or .enter of bearing IN ESSSEC- exceed the following allowable sir. sea, in Pounds per r the load or force. TIBIAL square inch. STEEL -- _ - - .04 Where n eccentric load or force aeese tit] DESCRIPTION NJMABIE STRESS with the awls of a efon member, the _ ut•. per sq. In.) stresses dim to the eccentric action may provided for - - by adding to any direct load or force on the compression Tension on net section 18,000 enter an amount equal to (ILIL) as glee" in the formula columns ou a e mm� e to nase , axially compres- sive tide rs P Ss11y 1.g, Al!. loaded, on the gross section. Where (Ifr) is not more than 60 17,000 - 0.556 AL and by then designing the compression member so that, Where air) is greater than 16,000 the maximum unit stress will not ere•ed that specified. in Section 6.26.04. 1 e L2 16,000 r2 .02 Rivets: Rivets subject to shearing and tensile alit shall M1 ll be so oral rtioned that Cdipreyln on Plate Girder stiffen- the combined i* • eiw will not eq ee the allowable ers _ _ _ 20,q10 unit stress for rivets In tension on:y. .[3 Wind and Other Forces: Members e t to stray- Compression on nabs of Rolled Sec- e° prcdue°d by a c bin- tius at toe of fillet. 24,000 ation or windand other loads°maybe�__ thoseproportioned for Bending a,extreme fibers of rolled unit stresses oie-thirds (4/3) times those specified sections, plate girders an] built- in this Chapter providedthat that the section thus required ,p ,molars. weise not less then that required if [b. ties forces were Were lateral deflection is pee- bygwhd neglected. Members way be proportioned To:to aunits stress ndour- vented or thirds (4/3) times those specified in this Chapter. Ware (L2) is not wee then ID 18,000 04 Reversal of Stress: Membeerr subject to live alternate but more' 4400er [Ian 16 20 000 tensile and compressive stresses load sha:1 be producing proportioned + -- en follows: 2000 62 .01 To the nef+ total compressive and tensile stresses add rift y (5)) percent of the Shear onthe Webs of beans and plate smaller of the two and proportion , member mber to resist gars 13,000 either of the increased HV°eeee re,citing therefrom. .02 The bearing stress In webers of rolled structural .02 Connection shall be proportioned to resist steel on pins, rivets ard bolts with which they are the larger of the two increased stresses. cormected, except the stress due to wird, shall not exceed the following allowable veltas in points per square Inch. .05 Expansion Stresses: Proper provisions shall ' - - � be mate to provide for SEARING ON ITEMS I DORM MAR SINGIE SIEAR expansion and contraction and for the 5:rases. result- ing therefrom. Pins -.. 30,000 24,0W Rivets, power driven 30,000 24,000 Turned bolts in reamed holes 30,000 - 2I,000 6.26.07 .01 In calculating the net section of tension members, Rivets, MN driven 80,0(10 16,000 TENSION the area or the rivet hole. sM.1 be deducted, e Ihfinished bolts 10,01A I6,0o0 1EI�R6sinninge _.. ____ the diameter of the hole to be at least ons- 6.26.67 '6.16.CS • I eighth (1/8) inch larger than the nominal size of the: equal to u one hundred and twenty (120) times the least rivet. radiutines theof least gyration for of sere rezees or two hundred (200) .02 Pin-conieoted tension members shall have anr gyration for cecotaery meter[. of cross-notion through the pin-hole at least .02 Calculations of the radius of gyration forty (40) percent 1n excess of the net arearequired shall take into account the concrete in the member, and a net area of cross- ton back filling in pipes wich have an outside diameter o four of the pin hole at least equal to the net area required (4) or more inches and shall also tale into account any on one (1) side of the pin hole. reinforcing g no t steel embedded she be tdldpinofexteriorhcreter i lane• • buw 8.28.06 .01 Structural Steel Columns and Other Structural only that anoint required for fire-proofing is added. COMPRESSION Steel Compression Members: .03 Lateral Support: Lateral supporta shall MEMBERS .01 Slenderness Ratio: The ratio (1/r) shall - for structural steel columns In Section ct ion 620.08equired 0i02rep not exceed one neared ittaexceedy two hundred�e(200`)for compression and otherasecf .04 Allowable Load: sec- ondary nesters. bracingas e .01 The nallowwaableallload on pipe determined .02 Lateral Support: The distance (L) used calculating the allowable load on the shell in accord- in determining the ratio once with the prowls ions of this Chapter based on the' (I/r) shall be measured in the clear between meansof mates of gyration of the section as specified in Sec-, ]e to sal support for the axis about which the ratio is m be added an a1- ' to be determined. Suchlate lateral support shall be by fo ra Pllledndiper square inch on the concrete filling Lion 6.26.08.03.02. To this value of steel or concrete struts which have a ratio p pes having an outside diameter of four of(L/r) not less than two hundred (zoo),,or by means (4) or more inches, equal to not more than twenty-five of steel or concrete floor orroof system which will (25) percent of the twenty-eight (28) day strength of provide at le. t equivalent uport. Struts used for the concrete. this purpose s�,alI meet thepp, member at an angle of not from more eithehan r the lofteen ngitudinal with ort the ax is perpendicular .02 Ilnethe dd concre to if ll kin fe traight, which`the ratio (Lir) is determined, about Pared to bear the eM plates eM synm tr leelltr laced, load may be calculated onits cross-sectional y arena at .03 Bending: Combined axial and bending stres- the stresses es as used for the shell when such ad- ses in compress membersequal to or better in qualty than be determined in accordance with the provisions ofs Sec- the hell. ryTen the add It lone] steel Se oP inferior than 6.2 G.0B.0]. Ee enty,ethe OLedbonLoth its a the shell sea be allowed stress for the .02 rhea Iron Column: far weaker bearing material. Suitable arrangements shall be wade .01 General: on ends o inforcement. .01 Cast iron columns shallnot be wee .oa All pipe col urea which carry load 1,a13 bud provided with steel bear- 1n the primary frames of bulldings tins plates so designed that the bearing stresses of whose height exceeds thirty (30) feet or the width of them• aterial on which the c hush is to be laced shell the building at the grand, shall they be used where t ee exceeded end o thaf Laic De nd In stresses In four-hour firetresistive protection Is required. Lh is Ch• teelto safe shall no[ exceed thosegper melt t ed 1n .02 The ends of cast iron columns shall be machined to a smooth plane surface .05 Bending: The resistance to afl c oc to to rerpenlcrar to the axistotrye vide Tull bearing for shall be calculated on ail led epeipeof column to baudttg entire o cross-section coaccount to e taken o the concrete fillingorl any .03 Hollow cast iron collinear except when side concrete for fire-proofing purposes. ny out_ the open at both ends and without flans shall have two (2) three-eighths (3/8) inch holes drilled .04 Steel Studs: an the shell to exhibit the thickness thereof. If the rolunms arecast on the side, both holes shall be ml' .01 General: the top side e ¢ cast, one (1) hole about twelve (12) Ncbea toward eah end from mid-lengthof the lwn. .01 Steel studs shallexterior n If the columns are cast on end, both oles shall be anterior warm cal w 11 muds ors, ]Bea` at mid-height at ninety (90) degrees fromone another bearing or of erwise, that re mode f ata,aara o about the axis of' the awn. Additional mae shall deny rolled shapes, rounds or flats, orany combina- la drilled when required by the Chief Building Inspector. Lion r such shapes roindsor flats rivted or welded If the core Bea cast, iron olun is roue to have hafted. ,together in truss }arm_ res and _uee formations made e than one-fourth (3) the thickness of the sell, ' ex less than rat Leoa shapestan (8/18)minch. by the strength shall be computed assuming the thickness all aroum to he that of the thinnest part. .02 Rolled solid web shapes used as ver- .02 Ratio of Slenderness: tic el wall members in exterior or interior construction. which have a thickness of metal, .01 Cast iron columns supporting a floor less than three-e ix tee ntla fl2/18) inch, shall also be ...4tams the least rashalllobe not longer than seventy (701 considered re qudem a of steel studs tfand shall comply with the gyration or twenty-four (24, this tires the outside diameter or least side. .OS No metal ling)aithickness cnc lmeseuless hathe- one-eighth i . .0 2 Cast Iron columns upporting rocs r ro ng loads only shall be not longer than a diameter less than three-eighths (3/8) Inch shall be Minty-e ix (28) times the least radiusof gyration or teed In the fabrication of such studs except that studs thirty (30) times the outs Ida dame ter r least side. Iv ing less thickness, if of copper-bearing r other t-res toting metal, may be ppr wee by the Chler .03 No cast iron c mien shall have an Building Inspector after a chb test¢oor hives tlgations outside diameter orside less than as the Board f Rules and Appeals may require. six (6) Inches aril the thickness of mtal shall be not .02 Beal ea than three-fourths (6) Inc nor less thangal: twelfth (1/12) of the outside diameter or greatest side. .01 Steel studs shall be designed as col- umns shal compl with the prowl- .03 Lateral Support: Lateral support shall sio,e of this Chapters pertaining to such Members. The De provided qulreai studs shall be so designed that they will resist the for steel In Section 8.26.08.01.02. axial, plus any bending,stresses in accordance with .04 Bending and Impact: Cast iron columns. Section 6.26.06.01. shall not bused' where the forces die to eccentric loading or fore other .02 Studs shall have bearing Plates where mh as would cause tension, nor shall they required so that the unit bearing `be Bussed in garages o other structures where they may Pr seam¢ on the supporting materials will net be ex- be sybject to impactrtr on vehicles• eeea and so that the bearing stresses Inthe steel hear frig plates stall not exceed those permitted in this .03 pipe Columns aM Other Pipe Compression Members: Chapter. .01 General: .03 Ratio of Slenderness: • .01 Steel or wrought Iron pipes may be .01 Lateral support shall be provided used as columns, s r is or a her parallel to the depth of the studs similar compression members. The pipe shall be of new by the floor r r oretr uct ion and perpendicular material and the shells shall be straight and cut square to Lthe it depth by bridging nse,W twenty the iobol<)e Shall to length, notax exceedonee .02 Pipes shall be filled with not less .02 In addition to the above requirement* than twenty-five hundred 25w) Paul for the ratio of above the steel concrete as provided in aree 23 when used inre any studs, when used for exterior walls, shall not exceed , loctions where membersrequired to have fire-re- in unsupported height twenty (20) times its dept , ale ve protection and wh use In locations requiring when used for interior bearingwalls. shall no exceed greater protection than specified in Section t.03.02. twenty-four (24) thmea its depth. Interior n .tearing such filledna pipe columns shall be fire-protected on the studs yshall not exceed In clear height, fifty(BO) tams exterior required for trwturel steelmembers In its depth. similar locations. g ng, to meet. .02 Minn required by an o the Chief Building .03of f thiss Section for the requirements for construction with concrete filled applicant for permit columns1511 shall be continuous and shall be r such design support, emp oy an Inspector satisfactory to the Chief Build ins properly transmit five hundred (600) pounds byWithin mpfte- Idon from each stud to the adjoining stud within the Inspector who shall inspect the l of the Led and allowable stresses for the material as eened in Mc attach permerenf. label to columns inspec Led and thisCode. Incase shall the spacing between r approved. of ridging in an utside wall exceed seven (7) feet. .02 Ratio of Slenderness: All bridging shall be fastened in placebefore y con- struction loads are placed thereon. .01 Pipe columns,members struts or other cam- .04 r Floor are roof system, which frame means of be rs hall not exceed onto such studs and which act with ID length between lateral support a distance the studs to provide rigidity to the structure shall • 4 6.26.09 be rigidly attached thereto, either directly or by me of a plate. At each floor and roof line, su ❑ studs shall be provided with a continuous strut such ing- .00 Lateral Support;anal bracing running parallel with t wall capable wpar oftransmitting,by compression, all wind stresses whichprovided y occur thereon. .01 Lateral support stall be loon 1 .09 Spacing: system, diaphragm fsepor arators,irders by meals rrbyfotherd lap- rove means so that the ratio (L/b) shall in no case .01 The spacing of steel studs in exterior exceedforty (n)' walls shall not be greater than the .02 The compression flanges of girders safe spaneof the outside wall coveringwind against shall in general be brazed laterally, specified 1n Section by rigid floor or f construction or by struts. Wood Joist floor or f systems shall nth be co idered .02 The spacing of steel studs in exterior effective in providing lateral support and teelJoists walls o interior bearing walls shall floor slabs other rigid constructior, to be conskierel in no case exceed twenty-four (24) i chef, effective bracing, shall have positive connection to the girder; frictionshall t be lied won. tandard .03 The spacingof ste studs in part"- diaphragm separators, oining two (2 members in herding, (30) inches. Lions hall n no case exceed thirty or steel pipe separators shall be considered effective lateral support to each o the mantel-0 provided, that .O6 Anchorage: Everyeveryno member used for the purpose of reducing the ( i) exterior tun and of a girder shall Itself have a length whichexceeds anchored rigidly to the interior ns porr3 bearing stud r. shall be two hundred (200) times Its least . fus. of gyration. ess than two (2) hors, then equivalent ofone-half (B) .07 Lateral Forces: The flarges of plate gir- inch bolts, hall be provided at the base of each stud ders sugport trg cranes or and such anchorage shall be to the flanges of the sec- other moving loads shall be proportioned to resist any ...Mon. No • horage shall he leas than required to prop- lateral forces produced by such loads. erl restrain the studs or less than required to resist the shearing stresses within the allowable limits of this .02 Rolled Dears: Chapter. .00 Tests; Tests of such character as to fairly .01 Proportioning: Rolled sections shall, in general be proportioned determine the vale of such studs, by the moment theyof inertia of the gross-se otion. No de- as are proposed to be used, may be required by the ductions shall be made for standard shop or field rivet Chief Building Inspector and no expense therefrom shall holes In either flange; excet that in special cases attach to the City of Miami Beach. where the reduction f theof either flange by such rivet holes calculated arean cam en with Section 8.86.OpS MI Plate Bidders: 66.26.11 exceeds fifteen (15) percent a' the gross flange area, the excessshall be deducted. Deductions for .01 holes other than standard shop or Held rivet holes ]M INProportioning: Riveted plate girders mad shall be made as required for plate girders In Section inBENDING general, be cover-plated beau shall, 6.26.09.01.01. proportioned by the moment of inertia (I) of the grosssection. No deductions shall be made .02 Web Crippling; Rolled 'hears shall be s for standard sop or field rivet holes In either flange proport.coed that the coin- cept that in special s where the eduction f pe ee ion stress at the web toe f On filets, resulting thearea In eithr flanged by such rivet holes calcu- from concentrated loads shell not exceed the value r lace n accordance pith $ tion 6.26.11, exceeds fifteen twenty-four thousand (24,000) pounds per square Inch. (1to 6deducted. ofrcent the ha such members contaige n other excess shall as The governing formulas �,flll be: for bolts, pins, or counter sunk rivets, the full de- duetton for such holes shall be made. The deductions For Interior Loads P - not over 24,000 thus applicableN) to either flange shall be made also t (a + 2 for theopposite flange If the corresponding holes are there present. For End heactlons P not over 24,000 .02 Web Thickness: Plate girder webs shall t (a + N) thickness of less than one-one hundred anhave seventieth (1/170)not of the unsupported distance between flanges. .03 Lateral Support; lateral support shall .03 Flanges: steel sr/Aided for rolled steel beans in accordance with the pro•iscnm of Section .01 Coverplates, when6.26.09.01.06. equal n thcNass required,o ha diminish .04 Lateral Forces: The design of rolled sec- lions. med as beam shall take-Into account the lateral force, from any moving loads or other forces. in t iclmess from the flange ..rµle outward. Ni elate' shall be thinker than the flange angles. .03 Composite Beans: Beams or girders which form .02 unstiffeneecoverplates shall not areencased a on of floor aw s pe , and extend moren x (6) Iches which fully inconcrete Y it permittedpro- more than twelve (12) tines he thickness of the thin-, vitosions carry additional .23. lncaeearaarce with the st plate beyond the outer row of rivets connecting 133ons of Section fi.29.10. them to the angles. .04 Trusses: Steel trusses for fb oor or roof con- .03 Rivets connectingthe flangesto thecon- struction pre shall be designedb of ar web shall be proportioned to resist live nand with atte peed practice on the bodes of the the horizontal steer due to bend well as anyloads live and dead toad requirements of his theyC •reflapnd the applied directly to the flange. asca provisions of this Chapter insofar at er appil- e. .04 Stiffeners: .05 Steel Joists: .01 Stiffeners shall be placed on the .01 General: webs of plate girders at the ends and at points of concentrated loads. Such stiffeners .01 steel Joists shall nee secondary shall have closse bearing against the flanges, shall floor or roof members madeup of extend as closely s possible to the edge f the fange standard or specially rolled shapes, rounds or fats, angler., an shall not be crimped. They shall be con- or any combination of such shapes, rounds or flats fleeted to the web with a ugh rivets to transmit the riveted or welded together in truss form, or trues form- stress. Only tat portion of the truss outstanding legs out- ations made by expanding rolled shape., and having metal side or the fillets of the flange angles Shall be con- the lc kmesses less than three-s ix tent nos (3/16) inches. sidered effective in bearing. .02 Intermediate stiffeners shall be re- .02 Rolle' solid leeI apes ore roof sec- .02 at all points where (h/t) a 'traction which have a thickness of metal less than coeds the value obtained from the following calculations: three-sixteenths (3/36) Inch shall be considered as steel joists and shall be restrict d as such. 6000 .03 No or.al hasi a [Ile mess less than t-_ -eighth (11 inch or road Iavving e �, a diameter less than three-eighths (Ws) inch shall be ed In the fabrication of such Joists except tatsteel end when thus required. the clear distance between stir- joistsrust-resisting st having tin tmet 1, m if aor roved by the Chief or 'biers shall not exceed eighty-four (84) inches or the Building Inspectorgaftter such tests or investigainns value given by th formula, as the Beard of Rules and Appeals ml y require. .02 Design: d e 270,000 _/use .01 Steel joists havi n; solid webs hell ,1/•/ h have no part of the compression flame farther from the web than thirty (30 times the thick- of the flange metal and such Je is is shall be de.. and such intermediate stiffeners may be crimped over signed as beams as specified in Seetl an 6.26.09.02. the flange angles. .02 Steel oists, built up of shapes, .03 Plate girder stiffeners shall be in flats orrounds an1 those faricated and shall be connected rs, one on ech side of the web by exping rolled actio shall be designed trre- by r spacednots, Compression and tension members shall coenly with more than eigh (8 times their norms' diameter. the requirements of this Chapter for such members. .05 Splices: .03 Where lateral deflection is preventeC b.01 web splices in plate girders shall the radiusof ti a ofpoured-in.-pi' the-In-ciur concrete slab. be proportioned to transit the full gyration axis.f tM top coca Pre c1 a1 t ns, shearing and bending sses in the web at the point top chordsana every other compre shim memb other er hall be of splice. calculated using the least radius or gyration of the .02 Flames lice, shall be proportioned mber. The length (L) of the members for calculations pshall he taken as the clear distaste between welds, to develop the full strength of the connections or other attachments which support the me - members cut. her perpendicular to the axes about which the ratio .,. ., I '6.26.00 1 6.16.03 kl, .06 Sheet Metal Deals: of a/talon toMD r determined. The ce lengthe hundred( the .01 General: twenty(120)tines the radium of gyration. .01 Sections made up of rolled sheetmetal .04 No bending streues shall be teemedaril which servethe of p Froovid- id- In top chords of trusses 'importing ing both the floor or roof deck and the means Creed slabs(1/ ) of have i thickness of more than i support pshall lysee so y designedb and Snaccordanceed lthhat ° concrete one- fourteenth rd, , of the distance porn between s tab. thinner inner rational ofengineeringmad i n with ac- cepted the top enonlr ,ois for Joists g o flongors. I D°the thee- s. than 1:L nd ]oLte or supporting wood Hdosh .02 Such sheet mete] sections, when prop- tedal d thing stress f! uniform load rest be l erly supported hy and attached to le in the combined axial sio ; sne stresses shall be consideredt to act asa hoel- le 1n accordance.0with the tso provision; of section ring o buildingteal diaphragm in mayesisting of wind forces .05 Joists shall have a bearing of at ton r least four (4) inches on reinforced ,p3 No ,re tan U.S. a L Mess less be han concrete and at least two and Halt ( inches on No. 18 .0. standard gauge s steel. The unit bearing pressure on concrete shall :heed in the fabrication of such floors norless than not exceed one thousand 0.000) pounds Per square inch. go. 20 D.S. gauge for roof systems. .06 All Joists, when created nd bridged, .02 Des Sin: shall be capable of safely sustain- ing a load of eight h,wdred (B00) pounds at any one (1) .01 Such sheet metal sections shall be panel point on any one (1) Piet. designed to support all superimposed dead and live loadswithout taking Into account any .03 span: possible increased value from the required fire-proofing. .01 The span of joists having en all steel .02 The spanof sheet metal �¢t ions when top chord shallnot exceed five ham- used for oor a nets *fill not ex- area and flrty (550)placees the a us of gyration of, ceed thirty (00) tires the overall depth of the section. the top chord in perpendicularhe to the wee of the Joists, but 1n cases where the top chord consist* .03 The shape of thesections as placed of a flat toy o continuousthe with a center r bIn buildings shall bee such as to elan- the radius of gyration of the top plate alone shall Mate any.pose loll ity of lateral d isplacea*nt of the be taken. compression areas. .02 In the case of joists having a top .04 Bending, sneering and crippling stres- ses antra of steel and with a wooden nail- s shall admit or calculations and Ins strip totalllw exceed i top hundred shall not exceed the allowed.values as provided in a widthSec- tion G.26.04. .03 The span shall not exceed twenty (20) .05 Where large predetermined openings tine the depth of the steel portion ce the perimeter of theopenings of the joist. shall be fra ed arond with proper end adequate supports .04 8 The spacingof the Joists shall for the floor panels. Small openings, cut through pac ing: floor, shall beso made and reinforced, that the allowed note M greeter than the and, span no stresses in the djoining materials shall not be exceeded. ofcase,the top slab or flooring over the Joists 4) in ands it be greater than twenty-four x inches .03 Anchorage: in floors and thirhye0) inches inup roofs; exceptrthat steel joists which are used to support woodsteel .01 In all cases where sheet metal decks roofs only may be spaced not to exceed seven (7) eet. act to provide rigidity to the build- Ng and In all cases where used for roofs, positive ,N .Os Bridging: anchorage shall be provided to the frame. Such anchor- .01 Bridging shall be adequate to safelyages shall be spaced not farther apart than two (2) • feet norshall there be less than o (1) such anchor • -the top nd against hold the age at ch end of each separate section. • e in during app supporthe Ona vert vertical and shall the joists an aPprnxlmatay plane passing through .02 Such decks, used in Type I buildings is bearings. in connection with a structural steel frame shall have the required anchorages made by elae- .02 Where steel �10cr• areused deck support tr lc arc fusion welding; or other equally satisfactory a coshallncrete be floor d, which or slab,be and approvedp method of attachment and in connection diagonalc bridging ing by compression shall be with reinforced concrete free by some approved meth- rive of transferring p u , ely stt less than ad which will provide the necessary rigidity. rive hunred (5 or secwey fastened meat the 03 Where sections meet side by site, an en,Is by either welding bolting; and supplemented adequate sidelock or other dequate by strut not less than the equivalent of a five-eighth connection hall be provided which will adequately o- (5/8) inch round rod, secured to the top t flange ofr geach ide for lateral distribution of the imposed loads and joist at andeach line securely attached at thehends to rigidwelding or also properly resist any shearing stresses developed supports.bolti The bridging shall be installed as [o by horizontal forces. fix and maintain the Joists in a vertical plane through .04 Deflection and Tests: Sheet metal fleet their supports and to prevent lateral deflection De- shalla cause of construction work or loadings. under calculated load more them one-three not and .03 Where steel Joists areused to sup- sixtieth (1/380) of the span. Testa y be required Joby the chief Building aInspector as provided in Bastion port •ny orprovidedpre-fabricated floor, 6.21.11, and no expense therefrom shall attach to the troof or deck, bridging y be inch by means of not City of Miami Beach. eas than three-sixteenths (3/1 inch round rod , in- stalled diagonally, stretched tight and securely at- tached to the tops and bottom of all Joists; td sin- g.26.11 .01 Exterior e:l:cepmeiby [tine a the provided nkk in Section re-feri attea�iioaorr, THICg1ESB .01 Iein Meehan: roof or deck can be laid filth brokenpre-fabricated joists and atleguttely, MAq'HI IAL are r ▪ wed by MAIM of inners clips, bolts or x ldingr .01 For buildings stories or ninety than (an; the supplementer)' strut maybe omitted. eight (B) s feet, the thickness of metal in main members on the .04 The Hummer of lines of be16 is4 shall exterior of buildings sll be nt less than three- be such that the laterally se,eocated(.. eighths (3/S) 1ndn. length or the top chord shall not, In any case, exceed' six (8) tides the Joist depth. .02 For buildings which are eight (B) stories or ninety (00) feet or lass .05 Care shall be exercised to see that 1n height, the thickness of metal in main mmMn on all bridging is properly Installed the exterior of the buildings shall be not less than band efore any on all Joists arer placed thereon.plush. five-s ixteentha (5/16) inch. constructiona .02 secondary Members: .00 Where the construction of the Joist. .01 Secondary members which may occur on r the nature of the work makes v • lance with the above bridging requirements lmpract lc- the exterior of buildings which are able, the Chief Building Inspector may vary these re- more than eight (S) stories or ninety (90) feet shall notns; provided. however, that any variation shall have thickness of metal not less than five-sixteenthe reduce the standards below those herein specified. (5/16) inch. .06 Anchorages: a .02 Scondary seehera othr than steel studs, which may occuron the .01 Where steel joists act to provide tensor or buildings which are eight (8) ores or ninny rigidity to buildings and in all (20) feet or less in height shall have a thickness of buildings of Type I Construction, every joist shallelectric metal not less than one-fourth (t) inch. be connected to the riveting frame vwork by electric ▪ c ing. n welding, rlvetI.,belong or by rigid con- .e2 Interior con- necting. ,01 Main Members .02 In other eas a at least every second joist shall eases, anchored to equivalent. .01 For buildings which are more than eight Pete with a boll anchor at least the equivalent (8) stories or ninety (90) feet in concrete f a three-eighths (3/8) inch read bar, or to support- height, the thickness of metal in main members In the Inn steel work with bolt or hook made of not less Interior of buildings shell be not less Elan five-sixWndb than three-eighths (3/8) inch round bar or equivalent. (5/16) Leh re .03 All before any eoeoists ll be trirticn loads are placed .02 For stories orinis nety which (90)a feet eight less thereon. in height the thickness of or ninety In main members, other than steel stale, in the interior of buildings shall be .07 Deflection and Tests: No Joist wader its hot less than one-fourth (F) inch. calculated load shall have a deflection exceeding one-three hundred .02 Secondary Members and sixtieth (1/360) of the span. Tests y be required by the Chief Building Inspector as provided in Section .01 secondary Hemmers in the interior of of and noexpense therefrom shall attach to the City ' buildings which are more than eight City of-Miami Beach. (a) stories or ninety (00) feet 1n height, shell have 6 26,10 6.26.12 a thickness of metal not less than one-fourth (}) inch. ordinarily 11nar1ly be designed for the reaction sheers o ssive, eccentricity of te, connection ul n .02 Secondary members in the interior of moment. provisions shall be made for n Sci buildings which are eight (9) stories or ninety (90) feet or lees in heighthall have a thick- .05 Restrained Mei:Ders: When bee m girders or trt ness of metal not less then one-Surfs (}) inch, except as oherwise provided in Section 6.26.08 and a.20.09. reaction shear and end m rent e the]. cenneectior he .02 Exceptions: be specially designed to carry both shear are m ,m witout exceeding, t any point, the unt stresses °pn .01 webs or rolled sections and attachments scribed this Chapter. Ornary end r°:ectioone o such as skylights, ventilators and sin i- prising onlyinal at and of web ng angles, with not do lay light structures, the treads and risers and stris provide properly[for`end momentshire: act be secured of steelstairways and members used to support sus- pended th the specifiedc. shall thin/mess requit irreaents red to conform .Oo Fillers: .02 Oue<t plates: Cues[ plates for trusses .01 Inn truss construction when rivets carry fi with end reactions greater fillers shall computed yo pass donne z terlb, 1 than thirty-five thousand (35,000) pounds shall be not the extension secured by beyond tl member e, less than three-eighths (3/8) inch thick. the strength of the filer.sufficient lam rivets to revel: .03 Compression Members: In compression mners .02 Fillers under plate girder stiffeners e cn rncted by coverplates or lacing,°reisstting of segments end hearing or points r concentrated Iwo netted by webs, the thiclmesso of the ts of Bhp nts con- shell be secured by sufficient rutsnto prevent ea shall be not aless than one-thirty-second sagfethe case lve bending and bearing stress es. unsupported distance between the nearest rivet°f lines .07 Splicer: TtM roots or the flanges in case of rolled sections. he segments of the cover plates or webs connecting .01 The ends and abutting joints or all c the shll be not less than ore-fortith 1/40) presslon members shall be fully spliced of the unsupported distance between the nearest lines or where laterally supported and noreversal of stres p of their c ctjng rivets, or the roots of their flanges is possible, may be faced to a plain srace paralle in case of rolled sealers. to the surface y ainst which they bear and normal t the line of' the stress and be spliced sufficiently t .04 Corrosion: provisions shall be made for hold the connected p members accurately in place. I agents, either by increasinpartsg subject -0 clmess of mete dal Lion members shall lmadeeas close to regions of Int by effective protection. eral support as possible. fi.afi.l] .01 Definitions: .02 Tension splices shall be designed to trans!°. GROSS the calculated stresses wltheuc exceeding an AV S .01 The sallowed stresses; except that in structures where th SECTIONSMIer shed gross bye sunning emr at any point wind stresses in members exceeds 'My (5 ) percen gross products of the total stress or in other conditions, at his die as measured asurlddl hors alnd toL the ax is ofd the f each mber, lenient the[full tshe of°the the . as nee 02 The netsection shall be determined by sub- ttwos(2) members so connected shell or he developed by th stituting for th gross width, the net width computed in accordance with the provisions of this Section. 6.26.13 .01 General Requirements: .02 Application: Unless otherwise s p cified, ten- RIVETS s ion members shall be designed on AND .01 In proportioning rivets, the nominal dia• the basis of net section. Columns shall be des igned meter f the rivet shall be used. on the basis of gross section. Beans and girders shall be declared in accordance with Sections 6.26.09.02 and .02 The effective bearing area of pine, bolt: B.26.09.01 respectively. end rivets shall be the lie:eter multiplle, by thelength in bearing; except that for countersue.03 Net Width: rivets, o h be deducted. (A) the dep the of CScountersink seal .01 In the case of a chain of holes extending line, the across part in any dagonal r zigzag .03 Rivets carrying calculated stress, aM whoa, deductingi , from lid( of the part shall be obtained by grip exceeds rive (5) diameters, shall hint gross width the w' of the diameters their number increased one (1) percent for each adds. space all holes in the chain and adding for each gauge.. ype Clonal done-sixteenth (1 16) inch 1n the rivet -re.p. in the chain, f�quantity rivets. 92 .04 The end reaction stresses of tresses, gird- ers, or beams, and the axial stresses of tension or compression members which are carried on rivets or bolts, shall have such stresses developed .02 The rftlml net section f the part is by the shearing end bearing values of the rivets orr obtained from that chain which gives the bolts; but rhe re rivets Or bolts re used for ate if least width. or bracket supports or for connections that also pro- vide rigidity to the structure the rivets or bolts .04 Anglia: For glee the qqrr IdN shall be shall, in addition to being designed her shearing and the s lof e Fhb wldtM1s aof the legs less bearing stresses, have proper provisions made for ten- the thickness. The gauge or holes in opposite legs sire as specified In Section 8.26.06.02. shall thbe tthhessus of the gauges riot back Of angle less ,p•. Use of Rivets: .05 Splice Members' For plice members, the thick- .01 Power driven rivets shall "me used for the shall be only that part of ectlon of all main members carrying ee- , the [Melees. of the member which has been developed calculated stresses and shall also be teed hee sec- . rivets beyond the section considered. which membrs of foor and roof system in buildings which exceed eight (8) stories or ninety (90) feet in .06 Sizes of Roles: In cemputing net area, the dia- height. ter of a rivet hole shall be .02 Trusses which have end reactions in e taken as one-eighth (I/a)inch greater than the Seminal or thirf five thousand 35,000) pounds diameter of the rivet. shall have all connection power rive;ed. .07 Pin-holes: .03 and uiessem sections such ae plate girders .01 in pin connected tension members, the neted hied columns shall have the le- tion across the pin hole, transverse to Gents connected together by power-riveting. the ax is of the member, Shall 4 not less than ° e- hundred and forty 140) percent, and the net section •02 Use of Turned Bolts: Turned 'nits in reared beyond the pin-hole, parallel with the axis of the mere or rivets in shop or fie]Id work whereyd It is i be mpossible pies Sr, not less than one hundred (100) percent of te to drive satisfactory rife ts,r0 at the discretion of net section of the body of the member. the Chief Building Inspector, may be used where te .02 In all pin-connected riveted members, the tote] number of rivets is less than fifty (50). The net width across the yin transverse finished shank shall be long enough to provide full o the axis of thebey, hell pprin hole,lc °t ex`e bearing and washers shall be used toiler the nuts to twelve (12) times the thickness f the m mber at the to give full grip when the nuts are Lrm weed tight. p ln. .04 Drive-Bolts: Botts, the shank of which is spline, to drive tight in punched holes, 6.26.12 .03 Minimum Connections: Connections carrying cal- shall not be ec used where power-rivets arerequired,uit - COtNBCrIONS aulated stresses exceptIns se pl. wdth special permission of the Chef Building for lacing, sag bars and gists, shall have not fewer sector. The ,total shank shall metalbe lon enough to than two (2) rivets or bolts. pass through the total thickness of andg washers shall nutsbe used under the nuts to give full grip when .02 Eccentric Connections: Members meeting at a the are turned tight. point shall have their .05 Unfinished Bolts:gravity axle meet at a point if practicable; if not, provisions shall be made for their eccentricity. .01 Unfinished bolts may be used in shop o r Rivets and Bolts: The rivets or bolts, at thefield work for connections in small struc- .03 of any member the tures such as signs, skylights and marquees; forsus- ends mating stresses into that :sneer shall preferably have framing; ceilings, purl ins, gists, and door and window their enters of grey ity on the gray icy axis f the aranfrg: for steel stairway and elevates rnstrue Eton; member; otherwise, provisions shall be made for the n and for secondary members of floor and roof yatees effect of the resulting eccentricity. Pins nay re y be so buildings which are eight (8) stones:. or ninety (�) placed as to counter-act the effect of bending due to feet or less 1n height. dead load. .02 Where unfinished bolts aro used for c on- ctionsroof sns, war or radio .04 Unrestrained Members: When beams, girders or towers otheren similar sstructu si in which the members the basis of simple truses arendesigned on are subject to reversal of stresses, springlock washers amp spans, their end connections may hall be provided underthe nuts of all Dolts. 6,26.PI 6.26.hs 0.26.14 .01 Minimum Pitch: The minimum distance between .Oa In designing welded joints, adequateprowl.. RIVET canters of rivet holes shall alone al b made ofor bending stresses SPACING be three (9) diameters of the rivet; but the distance due to eccentricity in the dispositionsection s shall preferably be not less than the following: base metal parts. or of RIVET SIZE SPACING .03 For ionic Alp: Inch..) Im.bq .01 The Chili Building Inspector shah]evidence 1-1/4 4} the welding et operator to furnish avlrteld- 1-1/6 4 of his experience and competence In structural arc weld- 1 9} fug and my require the welder to make sample butt welds. 7/8 3 Five (5) samplefivewelds t show an average tensile strength 3/4 24 of forty-five thousand pounds persquare inch 5/6 2 with noone sample developing tensile ds strenth of 1/2 ip less than fortythousand (40,000) pounds per square inch. .02 Compression Members: .02 All portions of the members at the point of welding shall be completely freed from .01 Maximum Pitch: The maximum' pitch in CM rust, paint and other foreign matter by brushing the, . ion members line of stress of coo- surface wit steel wire spot brush by chipping welding press c mpeted of plates and shapes shall nexmer l„g. where electric spot or resistance we ltl l o6 not exceed sixteen (16) times the thickness of the thin is used, edh.11 bepa in 1n ddit ion It to being efcle cleaned, as nest outside plate or shape, nor twenty (20) times the apickled c welding. hnnest [closed plate or shape with a maximum of twelve (12) inches, and at right angles to the d ire°t1 on of 6,26.3E .O1 Compression Members: The open slags of cnmpren- stress the distance between lines f rivets shall not mpress teed thirty (30) times the thickness of the thinnest T� slow tembe re shall be pro- exceed plate or shape. For angles in built sections with two PL4'IES vided with Sate points lr�g tie Dl ales et a ch end, d. (2) gauge lines, wit ivets staggered, the maxlmtlm at tote ten fete be near the lacing is practicable. pitch in the lire of stress In each gauge line shall Tie gin tee shall be as ends as practicable.rid not exceed twenty-four(224) tines the thickness of the [lan me ales shall carryingha length a`P not less•t the can the thinnest plate with a Imam of eighteen (I s) inches. distance between lines of rivets connecting them to .02 End Pitch: The pitch of at the the segments of the member, and intermediate onesof • ends of built rivetsthe not less than one-half (3) of this distance. The thick- members shall not exceed four (4) diameters of the compression it.' e of tie plates shall be not less than one-fiftieth, i ets for a length equal to one and one-half (14) times p p50) o them tf the the distancesegme between the the of me of rivets c the maximum width of the mender, rivet pitch shall be not moree than four members, diameters. .03 Two-Angle Members: In tension members composed Tie plates shell be connected to each segment by at angles, least three (a) rivets. of three feet and six Inches f(3'-6m))will be allowed, and in compression members two (2) feet, but the ratio •02 Tens nslm Denbo Ys: secureTie plates shall be teed to L/r) for each angl between rivets shall be not more the parts of tension than three- ourth (6) of that for the whole memer, members composed thantwo-thirds of shapes. rir the le have a specified , not less (2/3) of lerg,th specified .04 Minimum Edge Dia Lance: The minimum distanceshall for tie plates on than one-fiftieth members. The thickness dIss from the center of any lance be not less one-flftttth once ) of the die • - V punched rivet hole to any edge shall be that given in tense segmenbetwets the lines of rid the connecting c them to connected the following table: the eacnmentment the at lensand threeey(3)haliv rivets. Rivet MINIMUM EDGE DISTANCE (INCIES) FOR PUNC/ED HOLES 6.26.1E .01 Spacing: Lacing bars in compression members Diameter In In Rolled Edge of In Rolled Edge IACING shall be so spaced that the ratio Sheared Plates and Sections of Sections with (l.eh..l Edge with Parallel Flanges Sloping Flanges shall be not of the mores ore than included three-fourths (3)(3) of that of the member asma whole.1/2 ° 5/8 I-1/8 1-x/R 3/4 7/3 .02 Proportioning: lacing hors shall be proportioned 3/4 1-1/4 1-3/6 1- tm r 5 L a to shearing wo `rap s n T/6 1-3/4 iy4 1-1/ of3 he toe lw cs pr she styeequal m (r. percent 2 a/a -3/4 1-1/4 ofto the tobig alto compressive ire stress In theocompression In de- 1-1/6 1-1/4 2-1/4 2 1-3/4 1 2/9 - L Oe tree d, (L) beingred, the as ctt he ss ion formulae shallu :.ngth of the 3 .Ofi Minimum Edge Distance in Line of Stress) bar between the outside rivets connecting it to the segment for single lacing and seventy (WOpercent of .01 The distance from the center of any rivet that distance for double lacing. Theratio r shall order computed stress, a that end or other not exceed re hundredand forty (140) or single Inc lag boundary o1 the connected member toward which te pres- sure nor two hundred (200) for double lacing. of the rivet istlthe shall be net less than. .03 Minimum Proportions: The thickness of lacin the shearing of therivet shank divided by thePo+ lacing, plate thickness.. bars shall be not less than one-fortieth (1/40) for single lacing, and one- sixtieth This end distance may however he decreased Crean (I/O])(1/6p) fornhln double lecftg, of the distance be- .02 such proportion as the stress per rivet trash rivets; their minimum width connectingshall be three (3) is less than that permitted under this Chpter and the times the diameter of the rivets them to requirement nay be disregarded in case the rivets In ques- tion the segos ate. is one (1) of three (3) or more in a line parallel .04 Inclination: The inclination of lacing bars to I - to the direction rstress. the axis of themembers nshall per-j j .00 Maximum Edge Distance: The maximum distance from stably be not less than forty-five 45) degres fori the center or any rivet to ouble lacingdis[ and sixty (80) degrees for single lacing. ' the near the plate, but ll be exceed si12) x (6)es he inchesass son theethan afiftnce eenme(15)en t the the lacing rivet lines in the be ofshallnotexceed double more riveted asthe intersection if bars shallre used, 6.26.1E .01 General Pe wirements: or else, sall be mae of angles. • WE1DED CONNEC .01 Elctric arc (Onion weldingmay be d for eon- Proper provisions shall be made to trans- PIONS fleeting structural steel ought iron renters C,2uj,a .01 leads: ter the c lam loads, and the moments, ifl to one anothr subject to the provisions of this Section. nogg any, to the footings and foundations. 02 The design slat all ly weldedade connections and/or .02 Alignment: Colima, bases shall be set level and Pesalmnl Ergieer and complete plans nL calculations shall to correct elevation with run Deer be submitted to the Chief Building Inspector for approval. 1^S on the concrete. .03 TM Chief Build ling Inspector, at his tllscre- •03 Finishing: Column bases shall he finished to require- non, may require that the owner of the stem- accord with the following ture to be corrected by welding. shall furnish a competent ment3: welding inspector who shall be on the job atal e ing which welding is In progress and wo shall be •01 Rolled inni bearing plates, two used st responsible to the Chief Building inspector. obtained; less thickness, contact without bt aimed;provided feel bearinge tort ales, bearing is .02 Material and Design: inches, but four (4) Inches or lessin thickness, (ay .01 The electrode wire scan conform to the straightned by apreessing or planingn on all bearing specifi ation of the American WeldingSo- surfaces to obtain over tact bearing; r l- ciety for filler metal, electrodes and welding ods, led steel bearing plates four inches,as shall ^8 be Section 61 bearing surfaces, except provided .02 The allowable stresses in welds shall not In Section 6.26.18.03.p3. exceed the values per square inch, nor shall .02 Column bases other than rolled steel bear- the welds per linear inch be stresses beyond those !fled i^ the following table: spec- ing plates shall be planedctioall .03.m. a surfaces, except as provided in Section s.26.Is.oa.o2. STANDARD FILLET WELDS .03 The bottom surfaces of bearing lates and need[ ons and arecolumn bases which rest onconcrete found- ations Working Value in Pounds per Square grouted to insure full bearingcontact, Fillet Inch utl Points not be planed. Thickness per Linear Inch. (Inns.) encl. ) Shear Tension Corpression .04 Anchor Bolts: Anchor bolts shall he of suffi- 11,300 13,000 15,000 dent size and number to develop 1/6 0.0675 1,000 1,100 1,300 the computed stress. 3/16 0.132 1,500 1,700 2,000 1/4 0.175 2,000 2,300 2,600 9.28,18 .01 Bracing: sufficient bracing shall be incorpor. 5/16 0.219 2,500 2,900 3,300 MISOE4 ated into the design, to safely 3/8 0.262 3,000 3,400 3,90G bwith- uilding 1/2 0.350 4,000 4,500 6,200 ]A�OUB stand wind e other lateral forces when the bwell n6 6/6 0.438 5,000 5,me 6 800 vFfAlIB or structure is in the process of erection as well a 2/4 0.525 6,000 6,300 7,900 after its completion. 1- 0.700 8,000 9,100 10,500 6.2d.19 • fp I per r 1 �gie li; N 1 I .,0. 5pi 9 ipp.g rd.. � ,'. "3I , S .02 Reactions ' I on Concrete: The ends of beano, gird- _ _• 3 era or ses that bear I on redo shall be soaged that othe allowable • stresses etns concrete arranged e ceeded, and _ - a n chars or ampledSizetan co^erength shall bet pravlded, -- .03 Colum Connections: .01 Girders and beans which . cotu:eeted to , G p■ be teepeeatructwnl teal cluwn atoll proneeably a F. F LS F Lhareao. against the flangef orweb and be connected r ,if' 2 KC r; m^ F. Fp p p _ .02 The framing of steel beams e e V S gF such top a see columns t o ere be permitted �� `r p t a F �a �� R R� R bees yale°at`eea girders, , and extended above seen 6- where ^ t- raded, here- 1r cottadequate bear- K ..ngl � La well empleiRe to the sum shall be rent of the beam orample means for ®intalnig the alien- 3� 9& §m § 9 .03 CalUeme shall not bearh-- , did_ bendingspecialon tresses and to preventthe beflecDgeion. psi _ -- IFlo eii iiii I ill lit ii ii lig111R prevent lateral hefiin.1at4 BB .04 andSplices in columns shall be located above ___ r ! floor system O asnear as connections :permit to a port, other adeque Le means f lateral and where future tensions template wficint engtL of colwn than be p�ovfi odena to permit a proper prise. sae : `s�g ' gg� M6 as"" ��g ffi§5 ag e�' 6gE ci" F"s � 6.36.20 .01 General; All workmanship shall be SHIP g shopsbes modern practice i equal rue a urel • and in the field. Q �j $yy£ ��++'yy ¢¢ppFrC a� .02 Straightening: 11 materials shall be clean tie$ T $aa Z' i$a paap §. Sgb lli i816i 6gl0 sG. d ) g or flattening 31 necessary,and straight. Jr straighten- e In process and in manner that wil not shall Injure tlone ty f b.- y 1e1. Sharp kink or bends hall be casethe te - a4� t Iom. for refirem .03 Holes: g @@ {yt ss yy (1�s{�a.++yy yy yy $yt .01 Holes for rivets orunfinished bolts shall 6 E b u30 }F ZnE S E S A the beorates ixteenth 116) inch larger than �qCC nominal diameter of the ivete or bolt. [I the thick- N ea f the material ie t 6 ater than the nominal I CCCmnnw d lame ter of the rivet or bolt plus one-eighth (I,18) inch, the holes may be punched. If the thickness'of the material is greater thanh the nominal diameter or i he rivet bolt plus one-eighth ((1/6) inch, the Mlles 1 shall either be drilled from the solid, sub-punched d jt~�l le g@ ryy '- yr� yy +mm @@r yry yy GG diameand reamed. The die far all sub-punched holes shall t1 C 4 8 S S gII C S C tf 5eg o -s oteenth (1/10)) Inch smaller than the nominal ) ter r the rivet or bolt. 4 g g Q p p gp q g S y. 2'ec .02 Holes for turned bolts shall be one-fiftieth E 6 b b 6 6 O 6 8et al or the bolt.(Thad) Inch holes larger alir be`than external from th diameter "--- "'--� or shall be sub-punchedreamed. All drilling logy reaming for turned bolts andhall be done after the parts he'[2.9 be connected are assembled. .I5 2 - an end resetioa, in pounds. .03 For species and grades not given In the table of .16 T.L. - the total ]led per unit of area. allowed stresses, they shall be established by 4 the Chief Builin Inspector in accordance with the .17 V - the total aneeq in pounds. principles In the 'Guide to Grading of Structural Tim_ rs and Determining of Working Stresses'', Miscellaneous .18 w - the total pounds. ly distributed Publication So. 185 of the United States Department of load, In Dountle. Agriculture. .19 x - the distance, In inches,of a con- .04 stresses din to dead and live loads acting singly eentrated load from the nearest or in combination, but without mid'or other let_ support. e-am permitted shall not exceeds the alowable stresses ry anglebetween the direction stressese` d produced by respective species and grades. For .20 Y - e p otl d y wind or other lateral forces ony of aad and the grain. or bhe y cembiratio,,lowable o cladhere forces arid dead art) live loads, Of elasticity, may be increasedr once-thirdt(the modulusre 6.2T.03 .01 structural lu^Oer hall onf[em ein quality to aiding that th resulting sections are not less than guunTY tee es,u as tabulated Ns NSe t .nti6.2 .09.ening those required for dead and live loads alone. GRAB Alb that species, as 1n Sects on 0.29.04. GRADES .05 No allowance need be made for impact, using the .02 in this °Lees Of w 0oe nomMre, se re fetterreg to stresses herein specified, when the impact stress In tang Coae, [M n Sml IEea. s tilt produced by any load does not exceed the static live Lelninum net ad:trade afe°1forasing to M31 b11 s`4n°.°Lmha load stress. sutntlmg to ae termfne the red st shall be based the mat aim nmiore fens not onbthe .[6 For members in direct tens lot,, allowable stresses nominal sizes. If rough sizes or elvish sizes exceed- ) for the respective species and grades are the us1ng APerlGen Lumber Standard Beef sell sizes a eto be name asfor extreme rmerend mg. r ad, a mthat tom ter be bola ie [he a [mint ns or I .09 The unit shear in Joint or connectiontl details of provided cif thiy era eo epoceffea on Lim plesL o woodenframing may fn th pelflr,t plans, a la[ a led ovee specified In tits Section y morethan fifty`(50)wpercent. may beshown n the plans, except a provided above. .08 In joists supported on a ribbon or ledger board .03 rCredea, a en used elan, connection with liniber fee end spiked to the studding. the allowable ltructueale l hue 8tr le lose grade ell SEM1 in compression pa pe di eular to the grainexceed sages to ttrergt rade is of the stresses specified in this Sectio by not mayirez than strength am Se odes lgm<edg a knovn fifty (50) percent. .04 sThe Chief du thd1^g Insroeror res eequies to° .09 Henna, notched upward in the face et their bearl:g all wood pused]for load-beari g yr cs s t g beat: ed on supports. hell be limited to an end reaction on th plans filed with the Building;°Div ision.stated as determined by the formula: p _ 2bd2h 9a 6.17.01 .OI Al] tali structural mmbeM eel] eq f d live 1LOAl881E Giant eexc eo carry tam owad o r qulstr live 10 Allowable stresses perpendicular to the groin IT6BBE8 loads einafte e e ifie the allowable working stresses be increased In accordance with the following y IN WOOD r herelmtter spec]flea. factors for bearings less than six (6) inches In length .02 Allowable workin stresses, in e located three (3) inches ormore from the end of inch, or net eeosa-aactional area•for Hu Ilea the timber. apace, s epeclte td seeded given :.n the ver, that length of Bearing t 1 11 2 3 4 g or table• shall t ba ceded, peovfdthe lowest s LMa unclog stresses des In any pposies ryall hY g o ly 1.85 1.91 1.9.5 1.30 1.15 1.111 3.00 ' - when the quality is identified by Ste official grade -te -- -In -- theg tf and itrade a so ]°them, icial weerti :lee ma Intermediate stress under awasher determined byma Interpolation.,shall! She lmher fa of such association, the cysts oil rwisefin en The not exceed eedtg atepro uMee a or a rt plate hthe tf laded n f such uea lotions r otheevlse In en iet thfthat providedsthe in this r of Section for g r bestirs the approved manner. length of which egwlt die®ter of ab wrMe or pleEa. .11 Compression on surfaces inclined to the grain shall be I led tad in accordance with the fblltwig formula: ep c sin. Y e pets C «, _ -_- or other paints which would tend _.. n^` .03 Driftingto enlargeunfair holes shall not of destr go oil 1 that mist be enlargedto destroy the bond shall be urea. I to admit rivets sbe hall be reamed. Poor matching of holes .05 Cast iron column shall not be painted un- shll be cane for rejection. Gil approved by the Chief Building Inspector. • .04 Assembling: be ltcamembers and held well pinned and bolted rigidly together while riveting. Drifting done during assembling shall not distort the metal or enlarge the holes. .08 Riveting: All rivets are to be power-driven hot. Standard rivet heads shall be of approximately hemispherical shape and of uniform , size ticouEh out the work for the same size rivet, full, • neatly finished and concentric with the holes. Rivets after driving shall ctight, completely filling the holes, a a with heads in full contact with ith the sur- face. Rivets shall be heated uniformly and their tem- perature before driving shall not exceed nineteen hrdled and fifty (1R60) degreesFahrenheit, which is light yellow delve, nor shall [whic less a blood red color. Loose, burned or otherwise defective rivets shall he replaced. .00 Finishing: Compression Joints depending upon contact bearinve the ear- ing surfaces truly machined to ascoml n plane after the members are;riveted. All other Joints shall be cut or dressed ton and straight. The ends of' lacing bars shall be neat and free from burrs. .07 Gas Cutting: Gas cutting may be done only under J the following conditions: 1 .01 The operator shall be required to submit satisfactory evidence to the Chief Build- lug Inspector as to his ability to produce proper gas cuts. uts .02 Gas cut edges shall be ggular in contour, J but shall not be allowed to replace the machining or surfaces as required in Section 6.28.20.06. .03 Gas cutting shall notwhie It Is be permitted on i4 restriction shall membe apply to detail yincutting for Tthe his F correction of minor fabricating errors, where the re- moval of metal resulting from such gas cutting would • not appreciably reduce the strength of the mber that is to be cut. .04 Gas cutting of holes in any member which • has not been designed therefor, shall not y be permitted, nor shall it be permissible to completely burn any holes for rivets or bolts. such holes for rivets or bolts may, for minor corns tiore f.shop er- ros, be burnedburned not more than on-fourth (6) inch smaller than required size and reamed to finish diameter. 8.26.21 .01 Bracing: The frame of all steel slaleton build- ERECT/ON and temporarybracing Ins shall be carried up true and plant, to takecaref all]loads Introduced adwhich the structne- cessarye be subject , including erection equipment, and 6.26.21 6.27.01 the operation thereof. Such bracing shall be left in CHAPTER 27 - WOOD place as long as may be required for safety. .02 Bolting Up: As erection progresses, the work 6.%T.01 .01 Structures of wood orwood members shall be de- shall be securely balteg p to ➢59IOR signed by methods admitting of rational analysis tab care of all dead load, wind aMerection let ion Crease a. according to established principles of mechanics, sup OF .03 Erection Stresses Wherever piles of material, BOO plemented by the prey is lone and assumptions Kerr ec tl on equipment or other specified to support the loads and withstand the fore- loadscarried during erection, proper provisions to unwed n t are injected without exceedingthesstress shall be aremade to take care of the resulting stresses. cleewof woodBL Chapter for the radon grades and ape- .04 Alignment: No riveting or welding shall be dons .02 owooden mamba re shell Dee fr ems d, tied, braced until theindivistructuredual has been properly and anehered es to develop the trenrte and rlgld- ehgned. For such purpose, lndly ldn pieces shall be 1ty necessary for the purpose for which they are used. considered plumb and level when the errordoes not ex- ceed l) to fve hundred (600) for exterior columns and, Er not oles adjacent one to lnoatghanlmdw(1co0)eoerf the 6.27.C0 The symbols and notations in this Chapter are defined does lheight of the column.00a NOTATIONS as follows: .01 b - the width of a Joist or beam. 6.26.22 •01 Shop Painting: .02 C - the allowable load on a Common . PROTEC bolt acting parallel to the grain. .01 Before leaving the shop, all steel work TION OF shall be thoroughl cleaned of all loose' .03 c the allowable unit stress Inc - AETAL Im en mill scale, rust and foreign matter. Except, where prevision parallel to the grain, emu• the seel is to be encased In concrete, it all be given one (1) shop moat of red or sublimated blue lead in pounds per square Inch. paint or the approved equivalent, applied thoroughly .04 d - the depth of a Joist or bent or and evenly and well worked into the joints and other least dimension of a column open spaces. All paint shall be applied to dry Bur- strut. faces. .02 parts inaccessible e e assembiy shall .05 d - the depth of a joist above a notch. be given two (2) coats rofr shop paint,pref- .06 E - the modulus of elasticity of wood, erably of different colors. In pounds per square inch. .03 Machine finished surface shall be protected .07 f - the allowable unit stress on the against corrosion by a coating of white extreme fiber in bending. In pounds lead and tallow or other suitable coating. per square inch. .02 Field Painting: .08 h the allowable unit stress In hor- izontal shear in pounds per square .01 All field rivets and bolts, and abrasions inch. to the shop coat, shall be spot painted with the material used for the shop coat, oregad- .00 L the laterally unheated length of valent, ad all mud and other objectionable anoreign a compression member or the com- materialsslal b removed before field painting. ion flange of a girder, beam or other member in .02 Stmepel work which will be exposed In the press bending, in girder, team distance the otherem member in bendinween vertical g. cfield intedowithie Ged t two (2)d coats r oftructure lead or grapl be a or ourgraphite .30 L.L. - the live load per unit of area. paint r other rthe psdcoat net which will not act as n solventshop .11 the allowable inclined surf , .03 Exterior steel manners which, in the con- inpoundssquare com- pression_ on ansurface, • pleted building structure, will be pro- tected per by masonry fire-proofing materials, shall have ,12 p - a concentrated load. in pounds an additional coat of lead orgraphite paint, or as- phalt applied; but no ther painting shall be required is P - tat el lviableon bolt for interior steel members so protected. acting eperpendlicularado fl toc the grainon. .04 Steel work, which in the completed build- .i4 p - the allowable unit stress in c m- ing orstructure will be encased in con- press ion perpendicular to the grain. Crete, shall be ungalnted or may have an application in pounds per square Inch- s.ly.ou 6.27.05 .12 The values for compression, parallel to the grain given in Section 6.27.01.02, hall pply ly 1 to .umbers whose length to least dimension ratio (lv' is twelve (12) or less. For thembers in which ratio Exceeds twelve (12), the unit tresses shell be apt �% et o y more than tabular value ( ) multiplied by: imy `i Pistg :.'pyT i (t py 1 ( L-12d ) i 5Q 1' :rnu,�imi F-.^s i la CC provided, that mean �! 6y5� u ��" IY5 Esw a m 82 • ratio of (L/d)oexe edingthirty-fivveb(35)h.n have $ o ,yy �� ;�� e . if ° 0tig .13 • The safe load on a compress ionmember of round 12-' ' for a e ct[nn shall not exceed that ralpermittedarea. r Si j .quart member f the same cross-sectional area. i4i li 0§Agggtggi Y7 .14 The diameter of tapered compression members shall A B4 be measured at a point one-third (1/3) the length y from the smal en ; but inse shall it be taken 00• as a than one and one-hai no1k) ties the least die- ve ' meter of its smaller end. The compressive unit stress g Si ntyF rqn g 9 $I if ;1 if g_r' if at the ]l end shall not exceed the allowable stress C S 2Y b1�+ j( or member, having a (L/d)a not twelve (12) or under. pp Ur 9m NS-.^,� 3 6.2T.0 .01 Columns and Other Isolated Compression Members: ` ¢ UO s COMES- g `e - SION .01. Short Column: Columns, which have a ratio P,y mY •m27vam D' 1 10'�.g6 of unsupported length m� �S to 2 detente t dl ion (L/d) of twelve( 2) tinder, hall <'Cmri-1-w the designed on t basis of their net areaand the al- I ° i lei lowable stress parallel to the grain, specified In Seetlon 6.27.04.02. mom .02 Long Columns: col,mns which have a ratio 1-1 M.Sn y,`m, p§e.•' p least dimension (L/d) of more of unsupported 12),g shelf - .+ 2$ nN &hei g�J, gg • RR be so proportioned thatun the :rov is ions of Section •,0 w.0 A 8e he 6.27.04.12 shall becomplied with. Fy Y,w c •� .02 Round Columns: Round wood column shall Y H,.mmm e'Y once with the provisions of Section 0 2aa in .stria- Y}Y :��.� •k Slated i13. 0 n° r1k .04 Built-up Columns: E = s •01 Built-up wooden columns shall have _01 g 7Y tads'.their pieces well spiked, a iked, bolted orfq screwed• together at intervals not exceeding six (6) n SY ess W.times the thickness of the thinnest piece. laminated C B e' columns plates have boards or planks in the nature of o ea g . n `gal rrynn$ P.I•gm�' nn I cover well secured to the edges of laminations. p . e .02 m a built-up wooen column, subject o iW I .1sLk sa pressive stress shall notto l exceedtheaveragetss unit f ' load, three n.. I )no' re a the allowable stress specified Section 6.27.04,or n u shall ecta its ul load exceed the allowable load ¢ yin �t ,. e M I m eas e rectangular wooen column of which the moment of In- I w e tie about each principle axis is eual to the stun mp snomnnna -4 p of the moments of inertia of the several ces of the m v n bunt-up column about the corresponding axes. F .06 lateral Support: Lateralsupport sneaa .02 Whenp ape provle ion ere ode to be provided for canonsdistribute the load to theeplate by so that the ratio (lead) shall not exceed thirty-five nee of metal bearing shoes,lm other apprtved �thads, (35), by means of struts or beams or by means of floor the loads under Compression Parallel to Grain" 'may • system which will provieadequatesupport. Wooden be used, providing that solid bridging shall be in- strute beam used for purposel Mve a least stalled at spacings, not exceeding these given in the rat to (L/a) of n t fifty (60) and shall meet CM table. For wood having on allowable unitstress par- of et y angle overt the vertical axis or not less llel to the grain other than nine hunred eo0) pounds • than seventy-five eve)ty-fives(78) nor sore than one hundred aM per ago,ro inch, th tabular loads shall b, :mltlplied .08 Bearing: Wooden columns ara posts shall D . be quare at the ends ats right f angles to their axes and where renting o shalt be separated from such concrete by n effectual 900 seal'.to prevent moisture from cing then wood. .07 Isolated Compression IMmberae Isolated and for heights other than nine (9) feet, the tabular ony slon members shall comply with the provisionsc ofp this loads shall be multiplied by: Section which are applicable thereto. I .02 Studs: a 1 - L - 12d ..2. .01 General!' The size, spacing and lengtt 45.Td o studs of various species, 108 - 12d �Telades and sizes shall be such that the allowed tree- 1 - specified In section 6.27.04 shall not be ex- 4a•4a seeded and so that the requirements or this Se et in hall be fully complied with. .Oz Spacing eed Unsupported Blight: The Solid bridging for lengths other then nine (0) fiat gspc- shall be soplaced that the ratio of length to least nH and dimens ion 1/d) shall he equal about both .nee. unsupported height of partitions and walla shall corform to the requirements of Table 5.27.05.02.02 on the fol. .04 Lateral Support: lowing page. upPor .on Allowable Loads: .01 Lateral support shall be provided against the least dimension of the .01 Table h.2i.06.02.W.01 on the fol- studs by means of solid horizontal blockln of the sane lowingpagebe used asa base dimensions the tune cut tightly between the studs par- from which to calculate theallowable loadso wood • and itti continuous h verticalhdilstance length of salt lin stud bearing walls. The table is based on an unsup- blocking shall not exceed the allowable Unsupported heighta ' ported height of nine (9) feet, wood of tine hundred for least dimension as pp Lnet inSection (800) pounds persquare inch allowable stress in coin- 6.27.05.02,02, norshall It exceed the allocable spacing press ion parallel to the grain and three hundred and as may be required by load conditions in Section 6.27. • in m (ess) pounds per re to inch the gra ov plates.. Oe.oz.02. compressionperpendiculargrain .02 For all lengths of etude with wood .02 Lateral support against the greatest plated that have g allowable stress dimension of the tads smell be V perpendicular to the grain of three hundred and eighty vided by meansof a floor system or by rook o- ceiling ' (380) pounds per square inch, the allowable load, percons trualo2 linear foot, given under •Compreeee on Perpendicular to Grain", shall not eexceeded, unless metal bearing shoes orother approved mhds are used to distribute 6.27.08 .01 Allowable Loads: the loa over greater area of pate. For wood plates BOOMS that have an all owtble stress perpendicular to grain IN .01 The following table maybe toad as a base (p) other than three h,mdred and •eighty (380) pounds BE?OING from which to determine the snide, spacing permultiplyingsquare q nch,)the load per rtlinarle Oct shall be found . and span of wood members in bending, which are y g y: portn wromy distributed loads. The table is basedue extreme fiber stress or twelve hundred (1200) pounds p square inch and modulus of elasticity f p one million, six hundre thousand (1,800,000) pmsids gip per square inch. -• 6.27.06 6.27 . formulas, or, inimportant cases, may be converted I1 to equly: t uniform leads by h ormula: e w - 4 ( x ) P W y q 4y L 7y n 9 b :l 3 '" n I p m .00 The size .m spacing of Inclined members, 'i the inclination of which does not exceed m thirty (20) degrees with the orizontal, may be deter- -' I I mined In accordance wth the provisions of this Section, ' () the horizontal distance between supports being considered as the span. The depth of stair stringers all e 'tot CA'q 4444• ri. �.97:71 `;off �47 nmq .a,O "��q. meataksured t•hrefvsmeensiae depth is leasmar to the length, I 8 min b: 71t4 R.m.. rosin ..; R.m .02 lateral Support: p e. .I ffi' a .01 Floor Joists: Lateral support shall be a each Joint by solid bridgingpr of lh� on each these ions yy F9' n F „ as the Joists, or by diagonal bridging not less than two (2) Pieces a (1) Inch by four (4) inches. Such w � m177 mqo 4'f�, • �q m..°q bridging yiecoecate so dnuunnderm llao a concentrations a 9" �^J9_�h ��'� 16q= -`J: p.. �� 4 meansof lateralsupport shall not exceed fortysuch (40) S times ae width o the josts. i ! F• a m m m .02 Ceiling Joists: Joists, carrying ceiling lal only, other than furred e ceilings, shall be stiffened with not less than the G n�4 „' a •. . aw o equivalent of ore (1) inch by tour (4) inches wood strips . j3 g Sm m4 ^4447 79'4 R R 11'7 m6;7 gq.m4`ry 471�. o9 top ced of ard perpendicular to the span of the joists, pq m ��: .ti RR1R :S9 R..bb9: not overforty (40) tines the width of the joists. 9 ~rem~ .03 Roof Joists: Roof joists shall be solidly. the sheeted wit not lss the equivalent onef (1) inch wood sheeting and such sheeting shall be sidered its lateral support, except r that, where such roofs are intended for usesolariums, or mer similar pur9oses, the lateralsupport as ¢.S mens for floor joists sha11 apply. require- ments a 445 P. oy 44`v ri7a v^ 1 7i , e7 §m bb.m^b F m tit; - sr ..9 pR::7.^.5.._3 .04 Roof Barters: Roof ratters shall be solid- than heet d witth n t less Q a then the equivalent of one (1) loch atl beating nd G such sheeting shall be considered to provide lateral support. .05 Stair Stringers: The risers and treads be comlderetl to of wooden stairs shall L. provide lateral suppot for the strut*. .TA Wig ”mg Jwmig W.s.2{ htiA h.8 Wm.A eam2SR e0 Fa erg in usual cases. When necessary, additional bracing hall be provided to Insure rigidity. Au • m 0.27.07 .01 Design: Wood trusses shall be designed In ac- TRUSSES cerdance with well established prin- ciples of mechanics and engineering practice so that : at at the it stresses in the metre shell not exceed those specified in this chapter. i w n n kr w r+ O n ^ a' .02 Framing Details: Wood trusses allInd trues framing shoints tut and fitted together so ithatseach bearingr tel is a true and drawn tight to the full bearing. Adequate a Wart .02 The tabulated ie gtns ror nding members shall be provided for the compression chords and fait load (L.L.) only. For alloewalble spans, as areection slive mited oniby( ( fherelan to thelrouededat tone. Washers orl sufficient site deflection, for live loads (L.L) other than those in- to properly distribute the loads shell be used under cheatedtable in Section Bod 01 a headss nuts hall s i tension ular lengths for the ) pu live shall all trusses be securely anchored at points of be multiplied by: bear lng. . ____Isis_ 5.27.06 .01 columns and 'Other Isolated Compression Seekers: v L.L. SMILTION .01 Splicing: Splicing of wood colitis e11bSl DETF118 be done only in regions where lateral support is adequately provided about both axes. For wood, having a modulus of elasticity (E) other than one million six hundred thousand,(1,600 000) the al- Notching: notching.02 No or cutting what's ' losable span lengths, as limited by deflection, given soever will be permitted that 1n the table or alculated for other live loads than will, In any manner, reduce the design dimensions of those Indicated, shall be multiplied by: the column. _ .02 Studs: _ ---• • g .01 Searing Walls:w `• Y` h I .01 Stud^Ybearing walls shall nots*o t The F Dul tied lengths for bendingmore than one (I) floor and roof, and .03 members, shall be framed in such a way as to reduce,, much a as limited by bending, are re based on the le possible, the amount of wood which has its grain per- total dead s live loads (T.L.). For allowable spans, a pe nd lcul er to the load. This Section shell not tab �i esin limi tld inb t andibe o Section ads oter rl than thhos ose precedence over tie requirements of Section 6.27.00.02.60. ular lengths for sixty (60) pounds total load shell be • .02 Stud bearing walls shall, insofar as multiplied by: is practicable, be carried directly down tr. the foundations or shall be supported on sub- .antial, designed beans, which arecapable of sustaining 7..]aS s safely all dead and live loads and which have a width y •.L. sot less than the uch stud bearing walls reatest dimension the a walls a supported and glare atright angles to wood Joists, adequateeg provisions shall be For Wood, having an allowable extreme fiber stress' (I) anddethe studsto take shall beart ton a doubled sa plate r shavinnlstsg the other then twelve hundred (1200) pounds, the allowable same dlnens ions as the studs and, where pre et feeble, span lengths as limited by bending, given 1n the table be framed directly over the J o Is U. or calculated for,other total loads than those indicated, shall be multiplied by .02 Exterior Studding: Exterior studdiig shall, Insofar as is practic- able. be framed in balloon .style s nth studs bearing r directly on plates on the retardation walls orbeams V t and with the upper level. of floor joists end the f ce fling members fr anted on to a ribbon and spiked directly to the studs. corners shall be at least the • .04 The maximum end reaction one]] be varied equivalent of two (2) studs and n hall be thoroughly far woods ehavi allowabletionhorizontal reed braced aid anchored. Intermediate studs shall be an- r,gchored directly to the foundation walls or beams with shearing stresses (II) other then one hundred (I00) pounds, not less than the equivalent of a one-eighth (1/B) byby multiplying the allowable react lore as tabulated In one (1) Inch strap at intervals not exceeding four (9) Scut ion 6.27.06.01.01 by feet. .03 Partitions: Partitions, which are at right g angles to the floor framing, 100 shall be supported ona plate of the same d line:is ions as the studs and suc studs shall, insofar as a is prac- ticable, be located directly over the floor joists below. .05 Concentrated loads shall be calculated forsorb partitions which areparallel tothe rn,or framing bending acconlfre torecognized]engineering .ball be supported on no than tw (m floor joists. not-exceedi`g Pena (a) feat with not Ina then the •wsi-1 ___ le vnnt of a one-eighth (i/8) by one (1) inch steel strap., .03 Doubled Joists: Floor joist* shell be 1.27./!LL doubled under parallel ' partitions and around openings here ewe than one (1), joist IS cut out or Shall be so Increased In size or number n et le n plates and be se- es y be n eded to ne the unit stress •- or the ceilingjoists shall bear o quireaents of Section 8.27.04. Such doubled members cured to the roof rafters; except that 'v here cowed Mitch frame into the side of other supporting wood mem ceilings are ed, ceiling Joist nay be nal:.ed directly hers shall be hung 1n approved metal hangers or other to the roof rafters. equivalent approved means of support. • .04 Splices: No floor .09 In outer N wood frame buildings,oists shall, n between joists of bearing,n ex- ends f ceiling points l in balloonl construction, be sues. In p ribbon utl cast , CN propr ly ol splice rI mc lb specialn to y.c ly secu tl La dto s pLesa and anchored cases, approve properly bolted splices In such locations. theyt intervals bes securely exceeding t(4 platesfet t e tuds aua .05 Notching at Boring: Unless the local unit byy met ry of nottraps four (4) hob to the studs ' stress to calculated n anchorage fee isl rovi Cr,the where similar s,hamlet such on the basis of a reduced size and found to be not in ceiling hjoln provided for roof r retos, ell E excess of the allowable stresses specified in Section g joistsq be securely tailed thereto. L27.04, den menders in bending hell not be cut, .09 Details t interior semen Fall notched or bored to clear pipes, conduits or for ethe De uspecified for floor 4. purposes except as follows: joists In Sect ion 8.27.OB.W.W. 1 .01 Notches may be cut In the top or hot- .03 Splices: No whitens Joist shall be spliced tom not deeper than one fifth (1/5)' between points of support except the depth of the joist end not farther from the support' that the Chief BuildingInspector , In spacial eases, ) than one-fifth (1/5) of the span. approve properly bol nud splices in such 14:atons. .02 holes may be bored in the middle .04 Notching ud Boring: third h1(1 of the depth and d.there not larger than os than the( /6) of the of and tiler .01 hal;lnb and boring ling on any be not oles depth of the joist batten shall be as provided for In Section any two (2) holes in the seine joist. 8.27.Og.02.03. ' .03 Where necessary to run eervie* picas .02 Where an attic sr specie is providedv or In the space between the calling and where a furred ceiling le d, see- the floor larger than can b dated by the above vice pipes, ducts, etc., shall be run in te. spice thus ;wovtlotm, such ceilings shall befurred down or pro- formed. visions hall be de by the useof headers tens entl/or changing the direction he joists where the .05 Dropped Ceilings: Ceilings, which aredropped design perm roan from in Je1t above, CeilingJoists: shall hem not lens than two (2) Inches by two (2) in- .04ches, nominal size, furring strips, spaced directly .01 Size and Spacing: Ceiling joists,support- which, under the joist above when zarallel there.ith and not toi n to U p ch, ovate upyo sixteen (18) inches apart when perpeedicular and teed the ceiling construction, act to provide rigidity 120) tines therefrom the de th of intervals of 'exceeding twentythe building, shall be not less than two (2) inchedD furring strip Dr Mnwoodn Nq- by six (6) inches nominal size ant, where plastered cell- havingthat er urringesl m not 1haa en hell be Inge ereused, shall not be spaced over sixteen (18)' nailed onalternate sides of the sun hangers s . be Inches. Exosed beam ceiling joists shell be paced the faring strip. port3ry. Jott and not to exceed eight (8) times the nominal width of the Joist. .08 Roof Joists: .02 Bearing and Anchorage: .01 Site end spacing: The min Chun site of .01 The outer ends of the ceiling joists two (2) Inches byroof joists shall be six (i inches .M the Ines aunt and Type III build/km,the uppermost apetyw.ns mshal; shall be sixteen (1e) inches. have bearing and anchorage ea specified for floor joists .02 Bearing and Anchorage: in Section 8.27.06.03.02.01. Type .02 In Type III buildings, which de not .01 which have II and Typt e III buildin mere g.,have parapet walls, the outer ends roof joists act also asceiling joists wells,earing end anchorage shell be as provided for floor Jo:.sts in Sec- tion 8.27.08.03.02.01. .02 When ceiling Joists have bearing end anchorage provided in Section 6.27.06.04.02.01 an pi separated roof Joist, are used, 6.27.68 the ends of the roof gjoists may be supitorte Jack be placed ash close ceiling supportists. Suchf the jack studs joists as possible and shall be not less than Iwo (2) inches .04 Splices: Bearing studs shall be spliced by tour (4) inches, nominal size, spaced li etly order • only et points where lateral , the roof joists and having a single plate cf the same support is provided about both axes. dimensions t the studs the both top, and equfv lent of Duds of on.1)Vertical Lsi ties, not less by .05 Notching: four (4) inches, shall be used to tie the roof rafters to.01 No notching orcutting whatsoever Tell t f miliege gjoists which such s n hored tolt-ie terior shall be permitted on studs whioh walls. Noe of joists shall be•pporteI on plain me- thrry loads In excess of seventy-five (75) percent of sorry, eir value, as determined by compression parallel to grain. .03 Roof joists, used in [ nectinoan with Type of .02 Studs, which carry seventy-five (76) Hon, shall be anchored has p ovidee`d cof for s 1ceiling Joists • percent or less of their value tie in Section 6.17.08.09.02.09. determined by compression parallel to grain may be notched orcut to depths not exceeding twenty-Ilivw (25) .03 Doubled Joists: goof je late shall be percent of either cross-met tonal d leans ion. Where doubled around all pe - such notching or cutting is not sufficient to coverIngo where more than one (1) joist Is cut oat orshall necessary.. vice pipes, such wood stud walls shall be increased in size number as may benecessary to properly support the load . .03 Floor Jolets; .04 Splices: No roof Joists shall be spliced M .01 Size and Spacing: The ninlmwn floor joists ' t beetwween points of support az- P shall be two (2) nches ee [ pprove properly bolted Inspector plices at anwilt loc in ations. by six (6) inches nominal size and the mazlmun spacing eases w a hell be ahteen (16) inches. l e.05 Notching and boring, Motto aPr.v isions of 04 .02 Bearing and Anchorage: shell also apply to roof joists. .01 The outer an is of all floor Joists, .07 Roof Rafters: which rest on reinforced concrete, shall have not lose than four (4) Inches of bearing .01 Site and Spacing: The m' imnn sizeof ond, except et the first or ground floor, shall bee roof rafters hall e (clamed to such concrete et intervals not 6 eeedig four two (2) inches by six (6) inches and then maximum center 4) feet by oof steel anchors, not less then the to center spacing hell not exceed eight (8) tins the equivalent of oneone-eighth (1/g) by (1) inch strap, nominal width of the rafter. n prly embedded in theconcrete andsecured to the e joistsby not20) o�ee less � than he •quivelen f three (0) .02 Searing and Anchorage; cicala, anchors snail be plmeeddw on' Insofar s 1e ends- Type III buildings e the building, of he same run yjoist MN, .01 Roof rafters on ch joists. No shall nave the eta en bearingin- masonry. Mee, joists shall bent on w be anchored to plain on s, het not less than two inches by four r) Ito mas err. he., nominal oal size, which platet shall be secured lto - .02 Where the ends orfloor the of reinforced concrete chybolt less then aahe t intery le any joists texceeding-ga fourspace be fire-cut to a project of three ) In such shall notcutely nai to (4) c feet. pls a and, Iners Naltfon,be se- shall irectly anchore sucho the concrete by ream of anchors .03 At interior bearing partitions, there not less than the equivalent of one-eighth (1/8) by shall het less than four (4) inches one Cl) inch steel strap thoroughly e^bedded in the of taring and joists shall be *ell spiked to the platesconcrete ands red to the rafter by not less than and to each other where they lay. Particular attention the equivalent of three (3) twenty (20' penny Selman- ' shallbe paid to the spiking together of the runsof lied nails. Such anchors shall not be spaced over four J joists, which are anchored at the exterir walls. (4) feet. No roof rafters shall ➢ear on or be anchored to plain masonry. .04 Where floor Joist. frame into the side of bens or header., such joists .02 In Type IV buildings of wood c - shell be supported by weans of approved steel hangarstruction, the outer ends of roof by mats of • continuous ledter board or steel angle rafter shall, in balloon truetior, be supported bolted to such beam endproviding not less than low a ribbon anti nailed to the silts of the dive; (4) inches of bearing, nor less than needed to met and n meanly in plate construction, shall be seeme_y nailed to the unit stress tquiremnte of Section 8.27.04. Such joists shall be w :e ely anchored to such beets at inter ' ale not exceeding four (44) Net Mil, then Joists Mill .. Into both side* lit mynah n ... ke• .. s .1.vit 6.27.OS ',, L 0.27.05 I the plate end tied'by mean of rpprayed metal lumen .02 Roof sheeting: Roof sheeting shell comply directly to the suds at intervals not exceeding Twrc" with the requirements t or (4) fee] floor sheeting in Election 5.27.08.11.01 except that, t for pitched roofs, woad sheeting shall have a thickness .03 All hip d valley rafters shall be not le than three-fourths (f,) inch nor less than anchored at the exterior walls in 1 es thirty-sixth (1/30) of the clear distance between raft- addition to the above requirements. era. ails used in securing roof sheeting shall be galvanized. .03 Hips, Ridges and Valleys: rip rafters and dges shall not .03 Storm Sheeting: Storm sheeting shall be be less in size than the largest rafter framing thereonwood haying a tickness and valley rafters shall, in general, not less than thee-fourths (g) inch nor less than re- shall not be less than required to properly support twentiethg(1/20)nt.the clear sheeting distance heldsee n sthe h lea dad the loads. laid diagonally to the studs with shall the end joints an .04 Doubled afters Roof rafters shall be and parallel to the studs. End Joints shall not be • doubled around all open- contiguous for more than two (2) boards on the same ings where more than one (1) rafter is out or shall ud except at corners, around openings and et they be increased in size or Ler as may cut necessary to similar places. Wood seeti�nglg shall be nailed securely properly support the loads. with not les twothan (2) )eacn stud. (8) penny galvanzed .05 Syr lose: No roof rafter or valley pointr s nails .04 eachWeather Boarding: Weeatther boarding shallshall be spliced between points of support excet that the Chief Building Inspector may, g av an erage ln special cases, approve properly bolted splices in nee apno not icier audit five-eighths ally with fight dooms/set eats or such locations. be hori- zontally shingle fashion. All weather boarding papershall .06 Notching and Boring: The[ion 8.27.08.0isions of 9..04 tackec- be ed ied shingleover fashion, withrhorizontalroofed building J lna 1p shall also apply to roof rafters. et least two (2) Inches and vertical Joints at least six (6) inches. The weather boarding shall be securely .08 Plates: nailed to the frame-work with not less than six (0) I penny galvanized nails. .oaf In Type j II tflfirst III buildings, ea ood plat have .12 connectors: less than two wood) inches by four (4) inches, nominal size shall be provided on the foundation walls or beam .01 General: Nails, bolts and other metal under the ends of such Joists. connectors which are used in locations exposed to the weather shall be galvanized. .02 In Type III buildigs, which do not have a parapet wall, wood plates, as specified .02 Nails: In general, nails shall he of such under Section 5.27.08.06.02.01, shall be provided under size that there will be a penetra- all roof rafters and be anchored as provided therein. Leon into the second tester at least equal to the thick- ness Of the member being nailed thereto. There shall .03 In Type IV wood frame buildings, a wood be not less than two (2) nails in any connection, nor plate not less than the dimensions of the lens than required to proerly transmit the load or ed stae shallbe providedon topof 11 foundation the stresses. The lateral strength of nails in Southern wlla here or bb is underd ends is all oldie except Yellow pine say be taken as follows: where a ribbon le used ad the Joists nailed directly to the studs. SIZE OlAAVIER LENGTH NAZIS PER WORKING STRENGTH .04 All std bearing walls, except where other- (di oar liras :n en ems routes wise required, shall have single plates at the bottom and doubled plates at the top and all parts- 2 18 0.0025 1- 1110 25 tiora shall have single plates at top and bottom. All 3 I 153 0.0673 1-1/S 635 30 - plates for vertical freeing shall be the same dimensions 4 14 0.0800 1-3/8 500 40 as the studs. 6 I 13 0.0915 1-7/B 278 50 8 Ili 0.1130 2-3/8 143 70 .05 Notching nr cutting, not deeper or wider 10 11 0.1205 2 7/8 105 an than twenty.five (25) percent of the plate 12 10 0.1350 3-1/8 78 100 width, shall be permitted without reinforcement; pro- 16 9 01483 3,1/4 62 130 sided that there shall be a longitudinal distance not 20 7 0.1770 3-3/9 37 175 less than the width of the plate between any two (2) 30 8 0.1920 4-1/4 29 200 such notches whether located on the same or opposite 40 5 0.2070 4-3/4 22 250 sides. Where notches or cuts in ex-ass of that per- 50 9 0.2252 5-1/4 17 300 milted above are required for the passage of se r ice BB 3 0.2437 5-3/4 lB 400 pipes, ducts, etc., such notchetl __ _ or-cut plates shall ,Bg Halts: be reinforced with not less than the equivalent of one- eighth .01Thesafecommonbolts(1/8) byoone (1) inch steel straps on each side .. secured with less than the equivalent of two (2) be determined in accordance with the sixteen (10) penny nails at each end of each piece. No provisions of this Section using the following table floor joists shall be supported on such reinforcing strap for double shear values for a three (3) member joint but, wren caring at, such location, shall be framed in which the outer members areone-half (3) the thick- onto a header, which may say not he directly overne e ee of the middle member. The values apply only to plate. The above pray is ionsfor notching cutting Southern Longleaf and Shorties! Pine, Tidewater Red plates also applies to required bridging in stud walls Cypress and Cost end Inland Douglas Fir. For other and partitions. species of lumber, the values shall be determined in accordance with "Technical Bulletin No. 232 of the Hated .09 Headers: States Department of Agriculture, The Bearing Strength of Nod under Bolts'. .01 Headers over openings In stud walls and partitions shell butt aainst oneat and Bearinge rue of One bear directly on at least one (1) other stu each Isrgth of Diameter BearingBt Acting_ end. Material used for headers shall be Installed with Bolt in of Area of is the greatest dimension vertical ea the minimum for three Main Member Bolt Vd Bolt Parallel Papa (3) foot openings shall be In stud bearing walls, doubled LW nova (a) Ivan sq- ie. to Grain ular toorin aodi(2) inches by six (0) inches and, in partitions, lea two (2) inces by four (4) Inches. Openings in 1-5/8 1/2 3.3 0.8125 830 380 stud bearing walls over three (3) feet shall be trussed 5/8 1.6 1.0156 1050 420 and, where the condition of loading require, special 3/4 2.2 2.2 1.21'888 1270 8 1480 470 ( provisions Shall be made. .02 Headers used in floor systems shall conform 2 1/2 4.0 1.0000 96 400 with the requirements for floor jots is 1n 5/8 3.2 1.2500 1280 520 Section 6.27.08.00 which are applicable thereto 3/4 2.7 1.5000 1550 580 • 7/8 2.3 1.7500 1820 040 • .03 Headers which occur in vertical framing and w 2-5/8 1/2 5.3 1.3125 1040 eon which carry their full design load lull not WO 9.2 1.6100 1540 800 be notched or cut and headers which occur in floor and " 3/4 3.5 1.9688 1980 780 roof cotese shall be governed as to notching cutting, F 7/8 3.0 2.2969 2380 810 in accordance with the requirements for floor joists. 3 5/8 4.8 1.8750 1000 780 ,30 Stair Str loge rs: 3/4 4.0 2.21500 7/8 3.4 2.0260 22000 900 .01 stair stringers shall, where practicable be 3-5/B 5/8 155.8 2.2066 1640 950 so framed that there is not less than four a/9 .d 2.7Iee 2940 1060 (4) Inches of bearing at the ends. Where it is not 7/8 4.1 3.1719 3020 1100 practicable to provide such bearing, the stringers say 4 5/8 13.4 2.5000 new1040 be hung in steel hangers of approved type, and not less 3/i 6. 3.0000 2360 11M than the equivalent f on-eighth 9(1/8) by one (1) inch 7/8 4. 3.5000 3110 1280 steel strap. 1- 9.0 4.001 3850 1400 .02 No notching or cutting whatsoever shall be permitted in the effective area of stair .02 when steel plates of ample strength s tr ingere. used for side members, twenty- he tabulated load values .11 Sheeting: fivparallel)to rcent of thegraintsh shall be added. There isfno charge .01 Floor Sheeting: Floor sheeting shall be woodf stress perpendicular pal endicu ared, the grain fe load perphlcut that lar not less than three-fourths (@) n winch orng a Less Than one- to the grain shall not used, exceed the safe load parallel. rtwentietht ui/20) of ell od rs distanceetingnorl be the id •1d to the grain for any given size or quality of timber. or equivalent.the i rperpendicular Kelt t he 11 sB with the , _ .03 When ids mbers are thicker than egos on Joists with the one-half (j) the thickness of the end joints onand parallel to the Joists. End Joints n in mber, n morease in tabulated loads is per- the not be contiguous for more than two (2)a boards on Ielble,but when less than one-half (}a) the thlcknn tie sags joist, except at outside walls, dune floor of the min member, the load shall be calculated using sppe Ingo and atother similar places. Wood heedq tabulated values indicated Tor a main member which is shall be nailed securely with not less than two (2) sighs twice the thickness of the thinnest side amber used. (h) penny nails In each board at each joist and such sheetingmasonry shall be kept at least o sWlih (3) Inch from .04 when a Join consists of two (2) Merl all maw work. ace laid diagonally the ends at walls berg (single shear), one-half (($) tar ad other similar places, shall be supported on a elm- tabulated load for a piece twice the thickness f the onus mbar at least two (2) melee by two (2) inches let thinnest member shall be used. into the joists or by blocking cut between the Joists. 7.26.01 6.27.05 PART VII .05 For mil tiple_metber Joints, other than DEUILED REGp IATIOHS ) or three shall equal one-half O(� the tabulatedhelo ad the ]the thinnest weeder multiplied by the norther of.shear planes. CHAPTER 28 - EXIT FACILIT ES .06 When Joints are exposed to weather, all bolts shall be the tabulatede s or calculated value of 7.28.01 .01 Al' floor exits shall et the re ft III, {e mts tinder re to seventy-five (75) percent. GENERAL Types of Pon. V ant slecifictr quirementstitm In aof this thanker. uFuv:Y .07 witre a h the tiler of la bolt,act, atcan angle .02 Tie requirements of this Chapter soar: not apply to toat ninety (Do) degrees with that axis may be mode component Grady "II" Buildings except specifically stated. One-half ( ) the tabular load value for a bolt twice constructed as specified In Section 9.2B.IXf nsY the length of the bolt length in the thinner piece. '°° Ramie, °Ample peal log Brea unde r-washers or plates snail be be substituted for stairways. axle lofa to the bolts[ the load component parallel to the .M Smg-Popp towers, constructed as specified in Sec- tion 7.28.04 may, in all cases, be substituted for .06 For bolts which act in a direction sto intuits. Inclined to the grain, calculated conforming with tls agYirenente of value shall be in accordance with r follow- .CD lien 7.28.06eeiay be sibstituted to- stairways. • ' eP .G6 thepbutlld%r istn Tll reed eertrurs 'foneso xwhherewat h C 91n2 x p cosy y path is constructed as a •passageway of T)pe I construction. .09 The spacing between rows of bolts 7.22dM .lit General Requirements; half (2t) times the bolt be for than and of S1NggItAlS .Di All stairways shall be constricted or materials tw (2) nor less than five (5) times the bolt diameter as specified tinier Types of Construction In Pet for (1/a) ratios of his (6) ormore. Intermediate spat- encloser as required under log shall e determined by Interpolation. Tye eftcl stc entirely trig of constructiondtrot* in Part ov1. Ythat all steelstalair .10 The end mits twitted hid the steel; lmclass shall be not es for bolts In tension w rs se a1pt�1shall have thickness of ve metal not less than the bolt diameter and, fore peas than seven (7) [loge give-sixteenER G/Iei inch and shall love solid [reeds and compression, less than risers four iU times the bolt diameter. shall be designer rid live loads as .02 tefrwtys .11 The edge margin hall be not lessspecified in Section 5.21.0..1. than one-half (d) the spec Ins be- toeen rows of bolts that when load 1s list] .03 There shall be variation in the width of' toward an edge, the atyi margin shall in no case be treads and the height o risers in any Plight. less than four (4) bolt diameters. µhere variation in tie Might of risers .n different Midge aint necessary on account of varying story heights, h verl- .12 'Insofar as Inpracticable, all bolted anion shall not exceed three-sixteenth: ( ncsinch. All connection; shall be so deigned that treads less than ten (ID) beige shall have a nosing or n goo tealsaanne of rasters at irs shal pass trough the center ective projection of approximately one [rl inch over the o groups. level 1m:edlarrly below. .09 Ring Connectors: Rng connectors say b _ -ll4 The swfucr� of stair treads and lemnrga shall used to ncre increase the 'be such na not to lmolve danger oP llpp lee vel tie of wood can at ionsor to take connect ions of :d, Leofar as practicable, treads and risers shall be elit- e. to steel. They shall e used in accordance with Pereat colors or shades of the sane col,r. ' the maaufactwer'a specifications and shall be subject .05 The soffit of all stairways ant. landings eM/m In born their designat application to such addtionalwalls and ceilings M'acr thereto, requirements as the Chief Building 'repeater may make, strutted 'n whole or in part of cath,atible enter ials, soot: firewre 6.27.09 Workmanship In the fabrication, to eanion as protected ith not tdl in Chaptess than er bom Hpcess order ouch IVOPpIAN- s c installation connectors and stairways shall he left entirely pen Cr be complehel; and the Joining wood bare and the n tar shall closed without door or other opry ins croviaed however GRIP mechanical devices for the fastening thereof, • that moth ng in this araerh shall be r d toPr Ohl conform throughout to the best practices. hit an enclosed flight of stairs beneath another flight 5.27.10 .01 Ali wood in contact with reinforced concrete or .013 Winders shall be permitted (lily in buildings fa PROTEC- masonry shall be treated with creosote c ether f. rh• y, for the.fanny dwellingsm MS OF approvedap wood preservative. The a of suchr treat- the inside stairway opal Rtairways l -irnt :Her Grout WOOD t shall be subject to approval by the Chief Building sea, and for monumental stairwayswhich ore not require: Inspector. means of exit. The Inside radius P winders shall be no, less than twenty (20) Inches norsnail the length of treat .02 Al.. ext rlor wood work and wood closer than eight- on [M ]mode curve be less than eighteh nabs. n Ilea) inches to the Sr uM shall be coated with l paint,oil, creosote or otter effective protective covering. .07 tlemlr"flan no decrease edin w Ltiudf tith along the dine .03 The spate under wood Joists used for ground floor neon or exit travel. in x construction shall be not less than eighteen MD .02Arrmandgenent a Access; Inches clear at all points shall be well ventilated and shall he left and kept free of all unnecessary wood .01 In buildings three (3) or m re tor lea high hay orother cellulose material. lag a flat roof- not less sown one-half of tb resod-ell meter of t Irws shall 'm inue fun width. t t' .04 Care shall be taken in all wood framing that no n tivmgh the roof by ® of a bul4Mad: provided l pockets are left that will catch sad hold moisture ever. th.t where all parts f roofs are antecc dble hem sac In contact with ouch wood work. other not more than two (2) such :ralhers n oafs shoI ll b .06 Prssure treatment with creosote or other approved tgwe required.of in,utwstfolewmnrterialst?od sh.:1 be enclose material sall be preferable fr wood whirls Is 1n asrequired miler Types of Buildl,ya' I,; Part :II. Wlare fir l . contact withor close to the ground r and may be required roof of any buildingis used fur solidity or similar par at the disreton o the roief ief Building ued ldby theInspector, Building inspector. li 1' poses, stairways shl be as requires weer Section 3.20.04 4: innspector,treatment sl conform with the requirement. of 02 Not less than n Cl) sta nvuy bean serves 1 the American Wood Preservers Association in affect at of, nor less the ins-Is it (v of the tote the time of passage of this Code. required ne.ber of stairwaysshall disc a directly onto stressother similar ub lie spaces shall conne' .00 Where small areas of concrete:floors are poured thereto ory nears of a yard, court or p ssageway, as specs wood oists, •s permitted in Part III. for ed enter Groups or C cupar y in Part V. Bch_passageway bathrooms and similar locations, the supporting wood u ed In connection with ale-proof towers shall have work shall be protected by a layer of roofing felt, pierced walls. mopped onto the sheeting with hot asphalt and turned IN at the edges. .03 All stairways which may b.. used for exit poses algal be soranged ascake clear put do-ectacn of egressth to e street Prirjelam shell be rock where such stairways tontine to a baserent, to prevent per ..mg from passing the exit to tie exterior. .04 Stairways shall not abut in sore than one (1 side of any elevator enclosure. .05 Every doorway serving an exit stairway sal • have a width not less than ore (a) twenty (BD trek unit of exit width for each wit o" exit width require or the stairway at that point. ' 03 Dotes: .01 Doors on stair encltstres stall conform with tit requirements wider Croups of MeupencY In Per • V. the requirements of Section 8.92.1•1 and the provision herein. .02 Doors on stair eelosres shall not open inn diately on a flight or steers, but on a lanolin at least as wide as the door. • .02 Doors giving access to staff way enclosures she swing in the direction of exit travel oral then shall be no obstructions to doors on stairs or landings ' Swinging doors, during their swing. vhall not reduce 1F Swingingwidth of stairs or landing to less than thirty--six (30 inches. nor, when open, interfere wit) the full use of le d, stairs. • .... ,, _ a i \1f, • 7.26.021 , 7.26.02 1A .08 Fire Escapes: .01 Fire esc• ore or • of steep opennsteelt!airs and balconies,flights .04 Doors from stairway enclosures outside the noshed to tie exterior walls of buildings are set remmlllma' building a1a11 swing out and be so arranged by this Code m required seam of exit and their use hall. as set to restrict any effective widths. be permitted ony in extreme eases on exfatfq buildings , when aMosas lticnal exits are scarf and eertl 2 the itde .04 PSIIIRailings: not. adsit of something better. .01 All stairways shall have walls well seamed .02 When such fire escapes are permitted for the - balustrades guards on both sides and hand- adding of exit capacity to existing buildings, rails shall be placed on at least OR side of every stairway their width shell be basedw n eighteen (18) inches per it which is forty-four (99) Indies or less in width ant on both of exit width, but shall, in no case, be less than twenty- sides of stairways high exceed fort -row (94) tithes. Any four (99) inches. stairway eighty-eight (86) inches ormore in width shall be provided wit one or more continuous ftelediste hutlre.11s, .03 when the use of such fire escapes substantially supported; the lumber and position of Inter- es above, theythe is returnp platform , elate handrails to be such that there will be not more shall be runplatform sixty-six (66) inches between adjacent banraile. type ores superimposed nuirg in them or the straighto . th typehere thanth maytberm parallel t o in the rightsann direction. Either of viand .02 Eanirails shall be placed rnot nless than thirty may be attached to the buing orn erectedrc o ithetlepetdentllyy aint all cede shall be inches oven wall.noos Except the connected by bridges. Firs escapes n the form or spiral' ep tairs ant ladders shall not be permitted wrier any cirewn I wise specified, they shall be so designed and erected that stases. they will witleta d a premiere of twenty (30) pounds per linear foot applied in any direction. Not less than one and .04 All openings In outside walls, which are passed one-half (1e) inches of clearance shell be provided at all by such fire escapes, stall be protected by fire- ' points between any handrail aid a wall. resistive windows and/or doors wren closer than five (5) .05 Interior Stairways: feet to such fire escape, .01 Stairs shall have clear widths as required Wier .05 Fire escapes, when permitted, steee be other her Groups of Occupancy In let V. except that hard- similar public spathat ethey safeu lead to a street rails attached to walls ,ay project not ihan three and pit by a path of Erevel. , one-half (31) inches at each si& within the required width .08 The minima^ dimension of any structural metal .02 Treads andrisers shall be member shall be three-sixteenth (3/18) inch. proportioned that the sun of wo (2) risers ant a tread, exclusive • .07 All eupportirg menders for balconies aM stairs of its projection isnot less than twenty-four (24) nor which in tension aid are fastened directly more than twenty-five 25) inches. For main stairways in to the bulld shall Groups A^, ^B^ and "C" Occupancy, riser shall be more the pass tMwgh the wall and bee rely at- than seven and ore-half (To) inches nrd no tread, exclusive fastened on the opposite side, they shall be securely of its projection, less than ten (10)inches and for other tech. to a structural newber of the framework of the Dufla- tain, riser hall be more than eight (B) inches sal 1B' t tread, exclusive of its projection, less than nine (9) inch- .08 Balcony and stair railingsshall be designedt A rinsing or proleetion of one (1) inch shell beprwided. withstand a pressure or fifty (50) poras per .03 No flight with lose than three (3) dears shall lineal foot without appreciable deflection aid supports at be can aid no stairway shall have.a heig of shall be specified above for tension nenters. more than ten (10) feet between landings. Intermediate .09 Fire Department ladders: landings on measuredstraight rimstairs shall have a dimension, in the directin f the re, not lees than the re- .01 Buildings which have flat roots end width do not gaffed width Of the stairs. - have stairways serving such roofs, as required .09 The outer corners of landings in Section 7.28.02.02 shall be provided withsuch ladders T stairways in ^ey be necessary to provide access thereto for the Fire , Croup Ar, "Be, and Cs buildings shall be Pepsine/gent.. ve fved on a radi of at least two (2) feet in a forty- iveli o(45) degree splay not less than twentyc2) inches wide •02 Such ladders shall comply with the following M for such stairways then shall be no encroachment by any requirements: door awfg its swing. .OS Swinging doors only .01 Materials shall be iron or steel. with wi interior stairways-ll be used in croection .02 Rails shall be not less than two (2) .00 stairway Enclosures: inches by one-half (t) inch. . .01 Interior stairways shall-be enclosed who e:d as .03 Distance between rails shell be not lees specified under Types of Buildings in Part III _ than sixteen f1E) inches.aid Groupe of Occupancy in Part V. Enelmwes shall include .09 Distance between rumps eiFan be twelve 1l 1s1nee or parts of floors between stairways which lie (12) inches in every case; top mega to all n the path or travel danmaM, so that once inside emlee be within six (d) imM of the roof or mrap.t lee sureoutside exit rwithout leavingteeo from any s encf losure. stairway to the .05 Rungs shall the (7/8)di inch and seal than .02 Stairway erclost ee shall not be used for star- laceghths inch and shall be liable tocausee fire not enic. any material or equip- ment riveted or welded in place. ttn .OB Rails re tl be ten (10) at intervals of .03 At tileosu ton of every stairway enclosure, except not more than (10) feet. where stairways do not extend to the top floor, • .07 Pails shall extend not lees than forty- skylights shall be provided on the roof or windows in the five (45) Inches above the roof or parapet walls of the bulkhead which opening shall have a total area lire, xenpt in cases where sash ladders are inside aM Pees not less then fifty (b0) percent of'the cross-sectional area of the shaft. trends; a scuttles. .07 Outside Stairways: buildings Ladders shall be arranged parallel to buildings or walls. when the travel is between the ladder and the wall, the minimum clearance shall .01 Outside stairways shall have a width es sfeci- be twenty-seven (27) inches end when on the outside, there fled under Greens or Occupancy in Part V, aid shall be not less than six and one-half (ds) incites clear- such width shall be clear or all obstructions except that once between tie center of tie rungs W the wall. hp-Orally alaiihel'Itohejreqirithathree :imn- r (a ) to the width each .09 Udders shall be vertical, ee y be Pm1- de tively lrcllmd. No negative incline shalld .02 Such outside stairways may be constructed of in- be permitted.ocebud balconies.utible materials that with solid risers. treads. IeMIrforations irg one hale (a) inch in diameter mayebe teed fornpurpose of 7.28.09 .01 Wherever stain are rayrequired 1n this Cale, ramps Y drainage. RAMS be subtdtute .comply .03 Outside stairways shall not be teed for build- •0� (o3�aetruueetin idth,Lenclosuree,d requirements te as,) begs which exceed foes (9 stories or fifty (50) insofar as is applicable. feet in height and shall in no case exceed fifty (SO) per-. rent of the required number or floor exits from buildings ,03 Xo tall lupeve glom steeper than one (1)oIn which exceed two (2) stories or thirty (30) feet in height. i, five (5)aemp she ram which haw a slope steeper then w .04 No flight of less than three (3)edrisers shall be (1) in eight (5) shall have non-slip floor ewreees. us and no stairway shall have aheight of more •pi �)harem%u ve a slro of Il'ess than tee (1) in erosive than twelve (12) feet between lenelnme. Intermediate led- a 1 led- Ups direction soretherrun,shall less tludo the requiredwhich have a width of the stairs. 'w slope of shallore 1)i beigh required rr less. .05 Treads and risers f two (s shell o proportionedne (1) thath exclusive of Its the sum projection, is risers2) ot less tht an twenty-foie '1.ze.Ot .01 lance: ( 4) nor mere than twenty-five (25) inches. No riser shall Ssem- _ requiredp be more tan eight (N) inches and no tread dell be less PROS .01 tied upeitloe towerseum Occupancy artaV and than nine (9) inches. A nosing or projection of one (1) TIMERS shall be eaetructed and arranged es ewnified In Part V and inch shall be provided. herein. .OB The minimum lead room at all points on balconies .02 stairways of mole-proof there shall provide and stairs shall be seven feet she six inchescanines uniform egress time the roof and ell (0'-0^). stories Le grede. .07 Stairs shall be built permanentand to the ground ,02 Access a Egress: and/or building aid no able section shall be allowed. - .01 Acmes the smeb- oaf tarn eM1al be from.mM1 armor lr by�sof balconies overthaanginm .08 All outside stairways shall be heated so as to exterior wall, m be 1 lead directly to a street or other similar pub- exterior ior wall, which vestibules or balconies shall lit, space or shall discharge in newts or yards haying ac- cated on a side f the building which is adjacent to a street ass thereto as specified artier (troupe or Occupancy in Part otter similar pelie space. Access from the builds to cess orha vestibules tie or balconies fill from the swinging doors, baa- .09 No pert or any outside stairway shall he closer widths t than ortyl 0)e bye hee, a aeon, having (teen (10) feet to a contiguous building line width sixxt less andth eight forty inches(4 cities vied of fire not all openings in walls which are passed by such stairwys than feet (O'-Bq, shall be protected with rite-resistive whitens and/or doors'. when closer than five (5) feet to such stairway. _� r..,-- 7.28.02 7.28.08 1 tive construction specified in Chapter 32. Such doors .01 Railing' shall be of the escalator balustrade shall swing m ng in the direction of exit travel and all doom: type mounted by moving hunt rails. which give access to tilt tower shall be provided with clear wired glass panels not exceeding seven hundred and twenty .02 Intermediate landings shall rot be reqired for i he •(720) square is. Where loch or latches are provided, escalators except that no IMty:dual escalator they shall be f an approved pressor. release type• unit shell have a vertical travel of more than two El .to- .02 Egress shall be provided at the gram] level Ties or thirty (30) feet. either directly by ream of a doorway having a width not lees than forty (40) bares ani a height not less 7.22•2,7 .01 Ab les: than six feet and eight inches (5'-8"), Or by means of a cereal pre passageway of Type I construction, having a width not lees canting .01 Aisle. in conv m Th Ctl with beiiT s for Grou. then the required widt of the stairway and leigh[ of As, "grorvgv uscupamy still ae ad specified less thaneight (8) feet, which passageway shall lead with in Chapters 12, 13, and 14. uupleroed walls to a street or otter sreller public space. .03 Coretructiont .02 is Doino direecctt for oaccesther to exitst byles,mea wherens thcorri- dors, .01 Smola-proof towers shall he Of Type I eomtnc- leellrg directly to everyes aexit sand shall be o ems algal vided and to be con. maintained. tion throughout and the walls adjacent to the veniently accessible to every occupant. the aggregate width nterior of the building shall be ,egierced. Fixed windows of aisle. leadingto any exit shall be not less than the re- of fire-resistive traction may beprovided in exterior gqujnd width of he exit, shall the clear width of any walls, Mn not ubj]e t to fire expos re hazard. ' such aisle be less than three (3) feet. Natural light shall beprovided by such windows, when per- mittedore by clear wired lass in doors as required equired in Section .02 Corridors: Corridors shell be as specified in Group 7.28.04.02.01, and by a skylight in the roof of the tower laving an area not less than eight (8) square feet. Ventil- walls and ceiling, theref Occupancyal in of n tereidalshasrspeul. ation shall be provided at the top of every smoke-proof fled eider Types of Co etnetim In Part II; except that the tower by mew centimef a ventilator In the roof having an area centime protection for walls antceilings of corridors which of not loss then five Iisdred (500) square inches. c are used as n paths of exit shall be one-hour fire- .02 Balconies or vestibules shall have solid bolus- resistive as specified 1n Chapter ;N. trade not less than four (4) feet high and .03 Obstruction: The width of aisles or corridors shall stairways stall have handrail,: as required in Section 7.28. be measured in the *leer, at the nar- rowest 02'h' points produced by are pr eetion, radiator, pip ote abject. Dare swinging intoaisle, or corridors shall .03 The balcony or vestibule flows shall be appro- not restrict the effective width at any point during their xlntely level with the interior floors and there swing. shall be no step fin the vestibule or balcony into the stair enclosure. y.aO.01 .01 General: ].28.05 MI General: DOORS i wall/Nit .01 substaAll ntially constructed in ,.installe.ih n]s maill n- c nog .01 A horizontal exit shall consist of a passageway tetrad ad be fitted with reliable hardware. a wa or open1.ng from fire division to another, through or'around fire-wail or by seen of an enclosed .02 All doors used in coorectior with exits spe- passege-way.br bridge comenting two separated buildings or curled wrier Group of Ocoyiucy In part V,shall separated portion of the saes building. swing in the direction of exit travel; except as doors slid- Ire across the exit travel nay be permitted. Vertical ebd- .02 Hories,tal exits specified in this Section i doors and rolling shutters shall no: be weed es exits. shall not exceed as re fty (50) Percent of the re- qulred ranter of floor exits from are exit area. .03 All doors used in connection with exits shall be so arranged as to be always readily opened era. .02 Egress from Area of Beluga: the side from which egress Is cede. locks, if provided., shall not require a hey to operate hoo ':he inside. .01. Every fire division for which credit is allowed In correction with a horizontal exit shall have .02 Width: Doorways, serving as exits stall conform to not lees than op (1) stairway. the requirements of the following table: .02 Such stairway stall be of Incombustible rater- gpwtWAy WIDTH MAOFA UNITS STAIR WIDTH ices and the arrangement shall besuch that it Freda l Clear Exit_fldth Served by Door cannot beobstructed by thefire or mo therefrom I hich may nvolve the area sereom which refuge is taken. *28" .03 The floorareaeither side of a horizontal 44' 40" A 4 4" exit shall be sufficient to hold the occupants 0 80" 66" at both floorareas, allowingOre not less than seven (7) square 2-28"s N4" feet of gross floor area per person. 88" 2409e •+ .04 Every horizontal exit shall be eo arranged that there are continuously available pptte of travel o Twenty-eight (28) is the minimise allowed for an SMSvidmel leading from each side of the exit to another floor exit in door. each area. .05 No steps or stairs shell beused in a horizontal .03 Fire Poore: teen eovlte exit. . Worlere there miss a difference i in itbe- .01 Flee doors hell be self-closing or automatic areas, as s M shall be kept o f all Dstruction.. 7.28.03 shall be used. Where there is danger of stock or wateriats tetra piled - gairet such doors, Ineomustible guard shell be Installed to .03 Doorways: Laura the free operation of the door. .01 Widths shall be as required order group of Or,-. .02 Fin doers shall be aomtnated as son rifled In Chapter capo in Pert V and in Section 7.26.03, but 34, ad all hardware and heat release devices shall be such widths shall not exceed eighty-eight (OS) Mabee nor of approved type. shell the area exceed eighty (80) square feet for any ore opening. .04 Revolving Doors: .02 Each opening vervleg as a horizontal exit shall .01 Revolving doors shall not be used required be protected by self-closing swinging fire- exits, except that approved collapsible r olv- door or an autocraticsliding adoor. If swinging doors are in doors be used between the street floor eta the street, used, shall be jm t openings ith swinging doors but not t the root. of the stais. Where used, revolving ate h side, argil inopposite directions, with signs on doors shall not constitute more than fifth (NI percent f each side of the wall, SM1aating the exit, the door the required width. • which swings with the travel from that si ; other ap- , proved avedlarranng arrangements roviding doors always swing with any .02 Revolving doors shell not count as more Clan one- feasible (d) it of exit width arc,at any location the nester of revolving doors constituting required exits .03 Doors used in ecmeetlon with horizontal exits shall not exceed the numbe of emits of swinng doom width llbe kept unlocked dnd ,w.cDstr f[d. whin- lei edianty adjoining or within twenty (AI fees. ever premisesareoccupied, eithere o .05 Panic Hardware: .04 Bridges and Balconies: .01 The exit dress shall be provided with fire exit. .01 width shall be required as under Orono of at- bolts squired wider Occupancy 1n Part V. osprey in Part V. Such bolts shall le when presence not exceedingfifteen (15) pounds is a appliedpresence to the releasing dos Ice in the direst- , .02 Balconies orm withlthe rreauireleuduents fort balooniee of don of exit travel. ample-proof towers. .02 Such releasing device way be bare or panels ex- tending not lees than two-thirds (2/3) of the .03 bridges shall be of Type r co atrtrtlm through- width of the doer and placed not less than thirty 130) inches out and shall be fully enclosed. Openings in nor nine then forty-foe (44) inches above the floor• theeexteriorvw exterior alls of such bridges shall be protected by .04 the Dal 'm bridgefloor shall be epprwl- ].28.00 .01 Exit Sigre: Where required eider Of caret,invert Y uanlIXI'f SIGNS its stall be provide! with illuminated mately level with the interior floor and there AND 81514- sirs baring the word writs in white letters not less then hall besteps p such balcmien or bridge Any change 0a, V LIMITndhe TS five (5) incheshigh on a green field a ' re a y t0 in level betan floors to be cavected shall be by mane of effectively Indicate the location of the exits additional rampsas specified in Section 7.21.01. illuminated signs shall be provided which shall bearsdi.eo- tiaal arrow in addition to the word "Elio" as above. All required exit signs shall be omtlemanlyY Illtenlnted during Escalators ].28.05 .01 which comply with the requirements of this etch tires as the building is in Ise a is occupied ad rt- ESAIATORS Section end Chapter 2G y be ststltuted for stair- u ral light sufficient for sate seeing is tavallable. bays in Group "E" and "F" buildings. .02 Vertical rum. rm..•"rertme shall be enclosed as .02 Mergemy Lights: Where required olderOccupancy in ' specified haler TypesPartb Y, emergency lightshallshall be Or qumtrparsn In it o not. Leted as. Such lights pprocentely rue m light be so per whtrer they are recognized as required men of exit or not. as Coproduce e- ane intensity for sa girl,rg.time reergeas the ilding le in useof proper con- .03 operaelevatorstehorizontaltreadwhich during shall normally uste dIt of egress f exitidtravelt shall occurred and natural light Sufficient for safe-seeing is la- bs c shred requiredsigns inhic i all tex re- available. calators shall bear signs 3M1eatLe that they ere not exits. 1a .04 Escaaj,1 ton shall comply with e11 requirements tor .03 Safe-seeing: seeingT testhe shall be the sufficienting fore a(10) stalargys insofar as they are applicable and except as point type by a person of nmeel vision. rollwe: I • — �.a.m y 14 y.a.» I .04 Counter-Weights: All counter-weights eheli have •I'' .04 Eleetrioal Arrangeeenti Exit = M a�rgencY their sectionsstrongly( bolted I ' • set sine circuits but eteil be swat* ha,all arranged fce-n cl ar between the re Shall op be the not less sn three-weights and fthe alb in tbe buildf� posh circuits shall be "comet! to' waterside of over-bead of when the car is resting on tie service back of the "min switch. M building fee Gr�I the bumpers. Ae, B•, C" 000uptey, all exit signs era ' light shell here two (2) separate light-bulbs on separate .00 Cars: Elevator cars shall be constructed of in- circuite aat the electrical steely Sha11 be so arranged as com bustible materials, except that flooring to minimise the possibility of oaglete tallow. ray be hard wool. There shall be p oper clearance between the floor of the car and the floor saddles, and where the saddles project into the shaft, the sameshall be pro- perly levelled on the underside. Th derside of the car shall be of incombustible materials. Cars for all elevators shall be properly lighted. Na passenger ele- vator car shall be permitted to have a freight compartment attached to it in any aatmer. .00 Guide pails: All guide rails for both car and e enter weight shall be of steel, and shall be bolted to the sides of the shaft with eel becast Iron breclets, so spaced that the guide rails st rigid. The splices in the rails shall be located as near such rigid supports as possible. .07 Shaft Protection: Immediately under the sheaves at the top of a ete)etor shaft in any building, there shall be provided n concrete slab of not less than three (3) hourfire-resistive c struct ion. .00 -Clearances: Top, bottom and side clearances shalt. comply with the requirements of the.) "Safety Code for Elevators". , .09 Machinery Enclosure: AlI parts of the elevator) machinery shall be enclosed with incombustible materials of not less than two (2) hour fire-resistive construction, and such enclosures shall be adequately lighted. Free and safe access shell be provided to all parts of the elevator machinery. Where the machine Is located at the bottom of the shaft It shall. be protected with a substantial pit pan. . .l0 Buffer: At the bottom of all elevator shafts there shall be placed substantial buffers for car and counter-weights. 011 buffers or their equivalent shall be used with elevators having a contract speed in excess of two hundred (200) feet per minute. .11 Live loads: The carrying yiing bears and other supports. for all machinery shall be or . bustible materials and shall be designed for double inn. the live loads to be supported. . .12 Emergency Exits: Every passenger elevator shall • I have a removable prel in the top of the car of such site as to affordegressfor pass Eggers andwheretwo carsare In the sane ft, removable _ angers shall so be provided In the adjacentsides of! both cars to permit theransfer of passengs from One car to the ote . J.R9.of i2 Speed and Safety Devices: It shallo use "be unlawful that is not provided with safety devices for bringing the, car to rest without serious irdm y to pass passengers or open atone whenever it may, for any r ast , exceed its rated sCHAPTER 29 - ELEVATORS AND ESCALATORS - that no g by overnors shforty ll he4requuiired to trip at less than arc hundred and seventy-five (175) feet per minute. Safety T.29.01 .01 incept as otherwise specified In this Chapter, the devices shall be of one of the following types: an construction, alteration, use and maintenance of ,O1 Type I (Instantaneous). This type Is limited all elevators and a Oescalators shall comply with the require to elevators having a governor tripping speed thetsmof the of Stan Safety C de"for Elevators" as prepared 'by of one hundred (100) feet per minute or less. .02 'fie Installation of electric wiring, apparatus and force.on. '02 Type W.C. (Wedge Clamp) with constant retarding appliances and the control of electric power for all elevators end escalators shall comply with the re. 03 Type O.W.C. (Gradual Wedge Clamp) with grad- . gnirenems of Part XI. ually increasing retarding force. .93 Elevators leeat s shall tea not be Inescluded in ts he calculation .04 Type F.G.C. (Flexible Guide Clamp) with con- of1n Section 7.28.03. Stairways shall abut on provided as o mor scant retarding farce. than one (1) side of an elevator enclosure. .04 Enclosures shall beprovided under Typesof The provisions of the "Safety Code for Elevators" es they Construction in Port III, or de of OT L@i'AIhD pertain to escaators shall govern the construction, oper- 1n part V and in Chapter oupspancy wow- at ion, maintenance and useof escalators except here P 18M'g F(A provisions to the contrary say appear in this Code. .05 Not more than two (2) elevators shall be allowed ESCA)ATp13 in one nclosure and not less than two-hour l resistive construction shall be required between hanks of two elevators. .05 Any hand power elevator having a rise of more than . thirty-five (35) het shall comply with the require- ments of this Chapter. No elevator driven by a belt from a rshaft shall be Installed or operated for passenger service. 7.29.02 .01 Carrying Capacity: The owner f any elevator no! " L@AIIHI existing and the manufactumer REQUIRE- of any elevator hereafter placed in any building, shalt IAMM Mal acne to be fastened in a cot ptcuo,m a place in such ELEVATORS voter, a metal plate having suitable raised letters, u which shall designate the number of pounds which such ' elevator shall be permitted to carry. In no Case hall an elevator not capable of safely carrying one-hundred (100) pounds per square foot he used for passenger use .cc Operator: Every elevator, except fully automatic push button elevators, shall be In charge of a competent, reliable operator at least eighteen (I2: years of age and acceptable to the Chief Building Inspector .03 Doors and Controls: • .01 There shall be doors in not more than one (II • side of an elevator cexcept that where the operating device is so placed that the operator can readily handle other doors without leaving the carcontrol, tsuch other doors may be permitted at the disetion or he Building Inspector. .02 nil elevators hereafter i talled In vertical Shafts shall be controlled by sone mechanical device that will automatically prevent the car being moved until the shaft door at which the car Is standing, 1s shut and securely fastened; and which will preventany of the shaft ors being moved except when the car is oppo-I site and then, except for automatic elevators, only by the operator of the car. • gym.— • - 4 .. 7 30 01 7.30.03 • CHAPTER 30 - SAFETY REGULATIONSor .04 When the.excavation of trenches foi pipesother purposes in connectionwith building operations 7.30.01 .01 The tw truction, erection, alteration ei „fetalexceeds tour (4) feet in depth, he sits of •uc trenches GENERAL or scaffolds, i the apflicat or. i rr llvl ien l be sheet-piled and braced to prevent the soil froll and setting up or safe guards and equipment -.ce tees caving in on those engaged in work in such trenches. quired by this Chapter, shall be done hp skilled ,o neon under the supervision of a person gnolir.er `, esm`1=rc• e ,Os Every trench, five (5) face or more in depth, nr training for such work. - shell have means of escape at leant every twenty- five (25) feet of its lengt . A3 i z er]ntende ltt or foremen to 'til'.os. rift,Ivirl•LAll the`existence of anbete sake-clam, equipment has been called waste take ]mncd la ire tstepss to remedy such condition or remove such safe-Shard, 7.30.01 .01 Side-walk Sheds: dev ice or equipment, SIM WAIN e1®9 AND .01 Where buildings, which exeeea forty-five .03 All -persons having knowledge of theexistence,sh Of pPaCFS (45) feet 1n height, are to be erected O an are safe-samara, aeries. or equpment shaft demolished closer than ten (10) feet Of buildings which promptly report the s to the s,g,erintenteen or fore- exceed twenty-five feet in Might Are to be clad ran ,n hence, orndemolished, closer then five (5) feet tonstreet ' line, there shall be erected and maintained. uring .04 scarfolds, lures re, sbairs, fuel gas tanks and such work adjacent to the street lire, a •Me of surf]: other devices orequipment regulated n this Chattel) dent strength and stability to sustain safely the weight shall be maintained in a g snfe and usable condition of materials that may be placed thereon, aid to withal-tut as long as In use. the[shocks incident t n to use,he handlingff el Le such water frloa .05 No ladder scaffold, ail:n /I trucks passing r or delivering materials. s equipment required nln C° CI ivex or vnpart thereof, shall bel k- ,02 When the root of such shed is used for the . emit any long as the sax are needed `ore in unless) storage of materials or for the performance tin ordered by the superintendent oru foremen din char,e. . of work of any kind, railings and toe-antral shall be AG Scaffolds, temporary floors, L 1 y 1 1_I provided as specified in Section 7.30.1r. i ads and all ocher paPtivey sur.rneh. ,n9 Such sheds' shall be constructed to afford shall be t free from protruding , ••e• an un ted vial kw•yror eaestrfans. They and)1 �, kept freefromt safely. a_. - i nnn� not less than eight (8) feet high and five (5) feet sothat workers nay move about enfelY' de. The street side shall be kept open for a height .07 Projecting nails in boards, planks and •.i.whorsI of not less than seven (7) feet above the curb and the shall be moved, bailment/ in or `sent °vm an shed hall be properly lighted at nut. safe way. ' .04 Such shed shall remain in place until the ,08 Nigh to na]on elecer is lines, m v - kohl building is enclosed, or, in case of demo- cable gears, or similar hazards with)ry Mien, until the building is reduced to twenty (20) might come in contact shall bet ased or or._s rra. feet In height. guarded againstsuch possibility.na .02 Construction Fences: Buildings which are erects .01 Wnr Fars shall not start the aetalttim, or e - rive (5) feet to a trade line and Bich arenut ree pwbutt, a "Ld.loH Ins until ti g electricity. ter quired to have a sidewalk shed, shall be provided with ash other Iy pros from tirn 0u.o. for i in- protection on the street sides in tie form f a sub c.fec sally provide'? or'demolition, W in cr n- tentlal fence not leas than eight (8I feet high. Such s n with the work of demolition, are .. ectively fence shall not restrict the sidewalk CO less then five unlit off. (5) feat and shall be built solid for its full length, rf e t for such openings, provided with sliding doors .02 glazed sashes end molitd doors shall removed' r P%er doe s swing toward, may be necessary for a at the y[Pot of aemollclonoperations. properr proseoution of the work. .03 Chutes for theremove/ off materials debris. peter defy shall be provided n .11 such parts of aenu,ltio ,t Exceptions: The Chief Buve or ild lg fnap vary. any r all of Ix-nt where removal erations i.s are more het material ao /fifteen is)to effected, the provisions of t wslSection when, their hardship and .04 Chutes• ror demolition operations she], be t where[the safety of ion would cause the public away be otherwise pre- rletoly enclosed orotherwise n zee toserved. alter/al escaping. They hall not extend In ; u,0rohnn line for more tsan twenty-five (25) feet, but elall 1w • equipped at intervals of twenty-fivey -(2 feet or loss7.90. 11 with substantial a nos to prevent descending inn to riui in attaining dangerous speeds. .O5 The bottom of each chute shall be equipped with a gate or sto with suitable Weans for closing. the worker at any point end so secured that they cannot Fl m sNihilist nog the flow ma ter leis. A danger hall be placed at the discharge end of every chute sap out of place. d gates or stops shall be kept closed except for the MI inbuildings of wood Joist construction, the under Rsctu.rge of materials. floor shall be laid for each flair as the building .00 Proper tools shall be provided and kept available Praia v loosen material which becomes Jammed 1n the chute t 7.30.12 .01 All floor openings used as hoii:Maya or elevator .07 In the demolition of' buildingswalls sia Il be FT0011. shaft-ways shall be guarded on all sides, except red part by part, No wall, chimney nr other MO thoseg sidesides, orb sor on.eh of by barriers re are used sed Sfor 1 ad- nstrucpion shall be allowed to al In mn s except Ti or l1e(ad along either nearthe edges of suchl openings,ix he veto oced orkrr , if.. Scaffolds or construct r shall on orby pWrd rails Conforming to Section 7.30.17, not be a tern for workers, work wallsor other u0 ral emu less than two (2) feet distant at all points from the ars tad thin or weak to on. Heavy carefully to ell edges of such iwg If guard mile areused, toe byeap such as ensue columns shall be lown„ma oard conforming to Section 730.17 shall e provided by apu,vvA urcare and notthrown down. leg the edges of the openings. Thu Open sides shall 05 Mdterl uls resulting from demolition. if stared be guarded either by solid doors or pates not less then within the building, shall be so placed iliac nw six (8) feet high at the edge of tee opening, or by Pori or shen construction is overloaded d i, ehal be' movable rails'three (3)) feet above•the floor distant e,: p,lee o.' snwlad that it will not endanger uorL. not ot less than two (2) feet from the opening• • .Iro During demolition, Chutes, floors. stairways and .02 ill floor openings used as •cnirways or for the sa otn.r place,. effnetw shall. b sprinkled frequently a anmodatl on of ladders or runways shall 6w the aril from such operations would c asi guarded by railings and toe boards conforming with the or when a,debip to adjoining buildign or Premises requirementsh of Section 7.30.17 en all open sides, orr so.10 Stairs and stair railings shell be kept in place purposes. are notn re :and In usable euraition an long n possible, ..nd .03 /]1 OCMr floor openings shall be guarded on all s[ a a..d landings shall be kept Prue from debris, elfin by solid barriers, pr bye railing• and toe .11 w Floor openings, unless coveredotherwise pro- boards co&ormlg with ther provslore f Section 7.30.17, tut Cal,, tn,11 be provided withd and rails and tee or shall be Clanked over, or otherwise covered oven bmvds conforming to the requlremnts of Section i 3010 byntempporards ys aretructio to acne toff f`t talning estel) .12 MI areas of clangor in demolition operations shall •p/ Barriers for the guarding of openings used as ha properly oo shall enclosed and vied signs porker Mist-ways or for elevate, stall be so con. ofSufficient n' mean sea l l be providedto :n workers strutted that workers cannot thrust leads, ror lea be eixc:nded dangers and all unauthorized persons shall through' thee, and loose material cannot fell or Et excluded from Fleece where demolition is Aping onpushed into the shaft way, .- Sun m n°1 The 6 ides of ever, excavation in connection with .05 Barriers and guard rails arema floe pool et filCa\StTION but operations shall be sheet-piled. brut d shall remain in place until the permanent emel shored Own necessary taprevent the soil froms caving ures or protectlou are installed. In onr h°rve engaged In work with in such excavation. d IVheru workers a employed adjacent tort tat 7.00.19 .01 Runways or ramps 1n von ctlon with • ffold caller are hot that directly connected SIMMATS orextending from story to story, Or therwi.' m.h [n»• .-Kcal,ation, ems cant lei rail] ofences . MO SANS located maintained for an extenled period.of time ±boll bw I tied [ prevent such workers from fallingor for the transfer of bulky material, hall be c pro,. trutted. of at least. three (a), ten (10) inch plank w.armn laid closely side by aide and substantially suporta is when, by re n of an ox, r, ,n In which workers arid braced to prevent deflection and sprigig action are .:,pR yea theStability all n-ignoring buildings' .02 Runways or ramps shall not be steeper than an d such .red• r rpi struted to (1) foot rise in three (;I) feet horizontal snot( he lubprrly braced awl shared. um underpinned L° aid the total rise of a continuous runway or ramp anal pr.=nt aan'bur of collapse not exceed twelve (12) feet. ) e six steeper theriste an thanor (1) in eight (8), runwaysramp aore " r _ .shall be provided, except at the center, ith cleat _-- spaced not more than eight (8) inches apart. .02 euphoria for the overhead reeve shallbe deal/pied q.9S.Sy' to carry within the el stresses,as specified in this Code, two (2) timess the the weight of the hoist aM its maxima load. .W No n t shall leee pe hittted to ride deslgn o any plat- at- 7.30.07 .01 Derricks hall be so designed and assembled that. N ed a MIMICS nopart shall be stressed beyond the safe working passengertl r the vice, as transportation of workers[duringElevatorsansGme tress for the material, specified in this Code, under its maximum rated load in any possible position. Such Lion shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 29. maximum rated load shall be conspicuously marked on each derrick. • 7.30.10 .01 Hoist towers, erected in connection with building .02 The font-block of every derrick shall be firmly HOIST construction a which aree on the exterior of secured agains motion in any direction. TgYFA$ members meu eersn sohallF tel hoe substantially that the rstressesM so proportioneds shall .02 Guy derricks shall hays the ter of the mast held , ,not exceed those specified for that material in this by not less tan six (0) steel guy cables secured Cede,x,hen carrying the dead load of the tower pus two by firm anchorages and placd that the bogie of the ((2211 tines by weight of the platform or bucket and its guy with the mast shall be aslarge as prac t iceble. ' Maximum load! In case such angle or two (2) r moregys is less than thirty (30) degrees, the maximum permissible loadshall .02 Every hoist tower shall rest on a sufficiently be reduced each two (2) g percentm that such w of distortion f its framework.foundation solid to ew prevent injurious se ttleu�at angle of ea ., cable i .cos into thirty (30) degrees. .03 Every hoist tower shall be secured in not less .04 As long moving pdarts are continued well in autral tad, alla shall be lap[ lubricated,te than row (Y) direction against swaying or tip- and all parts sha be inspected et least every other `ling, at intervals of not more than thirty-two (32) dal'. feet in its height by steel cbe guys adequately anchored ' or by other satisfactory means. Such towers which are constructed adjacent to buildings shall be tied into 7.30.08 .01 retries, ropes, chains end blocks shall be .1 such thebuilding frame at each floor as the building prog- CAMS, sizes that the maximum lout supported by them resides. a ROWS, will not exceed ore-sixth (1/0) of their(wracking strength. .01 Landing platforms 1n hoist towers o nectin CHAINS AND moist tower with a building ° there tructure MOCKS .02 ➢per ks that not wore designed for use with Flocks v.shall be provided with guard rails and toe boards as used at n near!floors, oberr CIn otherrs xpneed°places= to specified in Section 9.30.17. change the direction of,cables, shall be enclosed or .05 The batten of every hoist tower shall be screened otherwise effectively guarded. otherwise protected onnil aides to a height .03 All roes and cables used t with scar- ef not oro]e than six (0) feet. If the tower is lose folds, derricks, hoist in„ aped t s, or other occupiedto an building, the side or sides facing the similar equipment or devices, shale be^tested before . building shallbe screened or otherwise protected for being put to and at least oncein every thirty (00) the entire height of the tower, and openings to floors days whilein as the is safety M suitability shall be adequately protected. for the purpose a to twh)chuthey n toput. Any rope 2 or.00 Noist towers erected within the building, that do continued round unsafe or unfit m shall rrot bethe work.0 not occupy then whole opening through hhich they in use, and shall bed hna pass, shall be completely enclosed onall sides an oi shall . Chains shall not beused Far s). , bridles o be provided ided with doorsat the unloading points, unless for other siiniler purposes. ,The�Ii of chains the platform hoist is solidly enclosed ono all sides to shall be restricted to only such 1, as require the height to which material is to be loaded, a straight pull. dr:, Hooks shall not be u heisting b°euets, Llo 11 .01 In buildings of' skeleton construction, the penman- rages or skips, ) rtic d :_y , :haft work. 'lLRVLWT emit floor, except for a ary hoist-way openings, a. - FILYItIh'C shall, so far aspossible, be constructed as the building progresses. There shall be not more than three (3) - p 'Y.f9 .01 Platform hoists for the handling of mr ter als filled floors above the highest permanent floor. pIATFOILL within buildinzs under cons tructlon shall have .02 In buildingsof skeleton construction, the nelce Ib1STS the carsubs tontlail Y sons true ted and I:rov lied mlth ether solid orof mash wire- Sectionsof the working floor shall beplanked over, except spacesrovers he arranged to swing upward for t?w i ling required for construction k, for raising or lowering of 'hiulky materials Cr the o s may be omitted if suit- materials and for stairways orladders. Planks shall able protective coverings aree installed above the over- lie so placed that they can not tip under the weight of head work..02 ryug, aterialn wheel on platform hoarrows or ists, cleats sies ;ire hall for benailed', to the platform, to fix the proper position so that handles _. _ - _ __ _..__. ..__.- ___ - - shall not project beyond platform edges. f 30.05 .01 Materiels, which in the course of building con- ,a Runways rasps Irvf a total Ilse of more thatBfACgING AM struction, are to be Stored in locations at or six (6) feet, or passing ST'(IUNG WIT- near where workers areemployed o on enf public pro- Inge, high tension wires other dang over or er floor en, 1M8 A/0 arty, shall be piled or stacked in an otherwiseerly lacnel shall be provided wih guard rails antl tee boards.eon_ etoppling e being orming with the requirements of Section 7.30.it. DIWOSAL .02 No materials shall be piled or stacked to a greater heightt than sin (0) feet, except in yards orsheds 7.30.14 .01 In all buildings, the permanent stairways shall intendedespeciallyfour for storage. When piles exceed T lv.pMy be installed as soonconditions will that the feetIn heig the material erial sll be so Dock placed STA11dATS Mien thet week on a building asas progressed to a heiht sidesand endsofp taper in meet of sixty (00) feet above graie and it has not a,W The placingof construction materials in a buildingLoan greet ieable to ins tell them.magma nt eta irway., r structure duringconconstruction In operations shall a t least one temporary stairway hall be provided for done with due consideration of the effect of such loads wor fprl ressht M ontlmmd upward ns rnpltlly ee th on the structural members and such loads, shall in gen- work progeeaaen. tr 1 be placed close to the points of support of .02 Stairsand stairways shall be of sufficient strength he structural membersm as possible.° Such loading shal in all parts to support safely e load of at least Inn case increase the stresses beyond M the structural member a M1mtlred (100) peuatla per square foot of tread and more than fifty 50) percentyodesign stresses. one surfaces and all stairways, until permanently 01 Waste materiel and rubbish resulting from buildingguarded or enclosed, shall be guarded all open sides shall be removed asaid] possible with handrails and toe boards as specified in Section operationsrapidly Y as T.00.17. ' erm shall not he allowed to accumulate on the premise,* or adjacent rthereto.t If chutes are used forwith movinge .Og Te waste cet or rubbish f huY shall used n the to e,s00rig [Seamans read bantdtoriN Qe„e ihsso requirements of Section 7.30.02. ke e a w g ny ne flhat TDe <retde eke riser shall ne eo a timed that th a er tame (2) Isers a tread 7.30.06 .01 Every hoistingengine shall be provided with ode- hell be doe lase ehn[wenty_irwa risers nor mpia ehn, ''MISTIM quote brakes, capable of holding maximum load tpept fort (2g). Tewpoeeri stal Land anal! De neat of MCulNmY at any point of Its travel. leas thirtythan y ) inane. wide. Lendings shell be not (30) Inns long. .02 Guards shall DC provided `or ex sed gears and .OL No flight of stairs of a temporarystairway other moving partsr and around hoisting cablescessftwelyehl1 at clothing points hto prevent woe/sera from tripping r getting feet and whet' ne ce sa rise In .mete f twelve hall m ceeearye intermediate lendinge email n¢- =nag be mewiata. .03 ample room shall be provided around hoisting en- .05 Temporarypermanent be arm- for theifree and torsafe movement s or emer nofh those who apparatus,or rate r quatelylighted during the oprogress irways hof]the ink otherwise attend such engines, motors or other machin- ery apparatus. as06 No door shall open directly on a flight of stairs,: .09 Hoistingmachinery, includingboilers placed but a landing f a length equal to at least the outside nearer than ten (10) feetto th build- width of the door shall be provided between the door InR eron shall be .fed overfor the protection and sixe Inches. a Temporary doors than four feet of the ol opnrston.aM machinery against falling objects, glass panels. ( d') high shall be fitted with wire .05 When hoisting machinery isset anal^v eted ,O9 permanent stnAe that er ua d duri platform such platform shall e of sbbetantial nn ich [roads ere to Oe filled ing It Gt r email construction and guard rails and toe boards conforming nave Baden treads Tlrmly fitted 1n place for ttm full with Section 7.30.17 shll be provided along all open area at the treed. The to !armorer sides of such platform, treads shall be maintained abovefthe atop of theerisers .06 Electrical machinery end equipment in connection or nosings. with building construction shall be installed ,OB The storage of material, on stales or in stairways and have protective devices as required 1n Part XI. or adjacent to stair openings shall not be permit ad.d..07 Steam boilers used in connection nlied with equipped and n Gut tf on shall be instal led, Code d and 7.30.15 .01 Except where either *Untrained s prescibed in the Boiler Code of the LAMMwaysare permanent or addertemposr'teealr- beinAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, and shall or give access to all conform stngagings to the require- *Untrained in charge of operators acceptable to the Chief Bu110. wants of this Chapter, recurred, ladders shall be in Ins provided whereto to floors, t ids or aunt_ • g gamer. Build- forms work is bing one more than five (5) above. ground or above a permanent or temporary floor. , 7.30.)5 7.30.17 7 .02 Ladders required ired by this Code shall be left in GUARD Rugs'01 Guard Rails: place until the permanent stairways are ready AND TOE ,01 Guard rails, wherever required in this chap- for use or until temporary stairways conforming to the BOAPO6 ter, shall have the top rail Tot less. than fequiremeat lntss of tairways Section shall be4 aare installed; rovi ed thirty-six WOInches high above the platform level. building exceeds sixty (l0 feet in When the top rail is more than thirty-sir (36) inches height.d as as above the platform level, an Intermediele rail shall be provided between the top rail and the ilatform. All .00 All ladders shall be substantial in construction guard rails shall have adequate supports not more than sO as to carry safely the load to be placed there- eight (6) feet apart. o The construction of the various typesshall conform to the provisions of the Safety Code for the Construe- .02 Everys guard rail shall be estructed, so non, Care and Use of Ladders.", Bulletin Yr. 351, U. S. far practicable, of anent lent strength Bureau of labor Statistics. to withstand the impact of a Wan falling against or .04 All ladders, when in use, shall be sot up in a on top of It. manner to be secure and to prevent slipping, and .02 Toe Boards: ladders, except step ladders, trestle ladders orother self-Supporting ladders, shall be securely fastened to ,01 Tea beards, whereverrequired in this Chap- ba support at top, and it necessary, of the ter, shall b solid or theta full height, ottom and braced as required to prevent swaying, bend. shall extend not lass than six (a) inches sb eve the ing, orshaking. platform level, and shall be placed to fit close to .05 ladders, leading to floors, stagings or platform. she edgesrt , of ured the platform. alorny shallie¢ adequately shall extend at least three (0) feet above the, topresistr the impact of workers' feet feet or Ihl'tingemate- level of such floors, stagings or platforms. Flels, ,0B No single ladder shall exceed twenty (20) feet .02 Toe boards of wood shall be not lass than in length. When greater heights are to be F hed, a (1) inch thick with supports not eore intermediate platform shall be erected. Ladder land- than eight (B) feet apart and toe boards of metal shall ings hall De at least four (4) feet square and equipped be not less than one-eighth (1/8) inch [lick with sup- with hand rails and toe board conforming to the require- ports not more than four (4) feet apart. dents of Section 7.30.17. .07 ladder ream Shall be spaced uniformly. In port- 7.30.18 .01 All parts of buildings under cWatruction and con- Inches able In ladders,spacing the shall be etv (1 TEMPORARY all sheds, scaffolds and other egtipmnt 1n con- I l move shall be notLIGHT AND notion with such buildings, where twines are engaged nch than eleven (Il) inches, her a Ore than thirteen POWER In work or where they mist necessarily pass to and fro' (13) inches. their work or in its performance, shall lave sufficient placelight, eithernatural or artificial, to insure safety. ' .08 When nusede temporarily,ers servng intr ofasth sdtairways The reading o ten-point type by a person or normal simultaneously shall be at least forty (40) Inches wide. eye-sight shall be considered the test of safe light. If separate ladders are provided for going up aid coming .02 When artificial lighting is provided, lights shall down, they shall be marked Wipe ant ^0 respectively be sop laced and shaded that they +111 not affect at each floor and platform level. the safety f workers either by glare or deep shadows, and such lights shall be protected against breakage .00 ladders, other than sectional or extension ladders, by wire netting or other efficient meats. for the oConstructio ,Cares provisions eaoftladders`,"safety No. 351, IT. S. Bureau or Labor Statistics, shall not be 'm sha l be proper tarotpled for adequately power properlyin such r ura to insure 1 extended by joining two (2) or more together. tected with wrrl aev leas, as the safety of ctrical on the Job, and at] portable and .IO shafts not placed usedr In elevator stationary electrical eit equipment shall bn provideds setts- in or ohoistways, except by workers engagedai facpaye grounds, either by a third sire or other Bet1s- sn hhe erection,or oontways, o alteration orrepair . factory means. such shafts or bantams, or the equipment thereof. . .11 Intl order thatt defeats may be readily discovered, 7.30.18 .01 On every building operation arrangements shall painted, but may be oiled FIRST AID be made for prompt medical attention Inc a of protherwise treated o with preservative so as not to accident, and an ample supply of iodine or 'mercurochromea event the detection o faul . in not In use, lad- and aseptic gauze bandages shell be prcvldd an min- ders shall be stored to provide easy access and impaction. traind in a clean, sanitary cabinet, at all times avail- able under the direction of the sure'intendent or a .12 Every er bee der sham be inspected afore by In swt to inns person designated by him. charge g pu on a building Operation and at least once every thirty .02 Where mnre than two hundred- (2103) workers are employed, properly equipped firs:old room or ield hospital shall be provided and physician or competent nurse hall be in constant atterd a unless competent meical attention is otherwise luickly avail- able. 7.30.21 7,80.'J1 .01 Adequate toilet facilities, lntaired in a clean, SANITATION w1<hLnsNelyrycecss�ifitlwlr hall place yyoprovided .or workers work. .02 At least one permanent or temperer" water closet shall be located at no greater distance !tam the work shall be provided for every Chian' (20) a wins ' than is necessary for safety. such tanks shall be so- Such w ter closets shall be Installed al the start of curely fastened in place, and, unless unavoidable, in operations and shall connect to City sanitary sewers uprightan position. They shall be so stored, orset where available. Where City sanitary are not In placefor use, that they arenot exposed to the di- availabble, septic tank shall be Installed and temporary rest rays of the sun or to hig emperature. toilets connected thereto. .08 Before steel beams or other structurale r .02 AnA adequate supply of pure, cool drinking water elements of constructioncut ry shales or or be provided es during hours o gas name, they shall be secure arey cables or chains employment, and adequate for sanitary washing facilities to prevent dropping or swinging. with running water shall be provided fop workers within reasonabe access o their place of.ink. OPEN .01 openma fires for the purpose of disposing owe 7.:0.21 .B1 Gas welding and cutting red arc welding in build- FIRES materials,an, the heating of roofing orother meter WEWBINS inags contraction and demolitiong peratio shall allot or for any other purpose whatsoever, shallnot be MO be restricted to • kere experienced in Gush work,r and allowed except with the permission of the Chief of the sire Department. CURINGacceptable to the Chief Building Inspector. .02 In Fire zones N.aibere 1 and 2, only heaters with .02 suitable males k helmets and g: es shall be enclosed flames shall be used for the seating of gaged provided for or Cutting and or worn anCbye them when a - any roofing or other similar material. .01 Wherever any enclosed flue heaters or open fires .Co lne iu.tlble shields shall be prov.ded to protect e se.i, there shall he a workman In constant the eerier when his position is _ iy such attendance whose duty It shall be to have such heater that acme net of bee body is exposed Io falling hot control fire under proper at all times, or 3f beyond metal or oxide. his control for any reason, to promptly notify the Fire .04 Unless unavoidable, gas welding or cutting, or Department. such W rinses. shall ! Alarm Boxhim andweldingarc shell not be done in any place above with the locations of the nearest Fire Aca a Box and other waders. When mavoidaale, anlmaea,milble shield telephone before notifynt any fire and in cases of open shall be provided between the work and the workers be- neath,theFireDepartment. orat such places Where workers in the course of their employment are likely to pass under a gas weld- ing or ruttt g or an are welding opera[on, a watchmanshall be stationed to give warning..05 Unlessnot bo carried onl in anynweldings place where ampleor r g nventil- ationhall k is not provided or from which quack escape is difficult. When unavoidable workers engaged in such Lek in confined spans eee hall be alined frequent access to fres air d re lief worker shall be stet toned close at hand to assist the worker in ease of accident and to shut off the .00 Tank of fwlgas shall not be movedallowed to stand for y extended period n not in use eyeless the caps of such tanks are In place. Suitable cradles shall be used for lifting or lowering oxygen t opkmraOrirrelmlls° hallinef dropping tank . dnay opeiins et b need. .07 Tanks supplying gases for gas welding or cutting .. 1. ve - (ao) Broken moatbddees,eoreltlNaa lth teakror 7.31.01 I Wising Plop shell not be used or p illtted to ,main on the building operation) stab ladders shall be marled Ten- Ormadv Intel M1pired and made safe,or Shell be destroyed. • CRAFTER 31 - OCCUPANCY OF PUBLIC AND RESTRICTED PROPERTY . 7.d0.18 .01 Properly costrieted scaffolds shall be provided for 8CAPP0ID6 all work which cerm t be done safely by workmen standing on Pernsnent or solid construction, except when 7.31.01 The occupancy of Public Property or restricted areas shalt such work can be doe safely trait Itlders. ill such scGT- GENERA• be permitted only in conformity with they rov is ions of folds shall be substantially constructed, safe for at least mavlsltl'S this Chapter Ch subjecta tohe revocation tStoo on so thirty public property fos (q) times their load• and shall be secured to prevent days swaying. ' shallo the owner of any buildingaccessory which in any - way occupies such property. The or person leally •IR Inter used in the construction of stationary seat- way eP_ responsible shall have particular owner paid tothe folds shall be not less than two (2) inches nominal construction and maintenance or such projec Lions over thicloess and shall be laid tightly together. Where such public property and shall be responsible for any damage planks overlap at the ends, the overlay shall be not less which may occur therefrom. than eL (6) Inches. Planks shall hen so placed that they Naiof tipwider the weight of the worker at any point. ls used in the construction of scaffolds shall be of 0.21.02 .01 General: No building materials, e he quipm nt, mach- merle site end length to carry the loads tiler .ra in- TEMPCRAMY finery storage sheds, job offices, debris• tented t0 support sad all nails shall be driven full OCCUPPLY or any other temporary renal remenl. or result of building length. No nails shall be subject to direct pull. ' OF PUBLIC operations or demolition shall be placed upon any streets, AIMalleys or sidewalks, except as provided In this Feet:on. .CO Ropes eables and bloelo used in the support of RESTRICTED • twinging scaffolds shall be of sufficient sloe end • 1Nnsf1@Y .02 Streets: strength to sustain at least six (0) ties the merino .OI Building materiels. equipment. job ofe load.,to which the will be subjected. Where acids ae Ices, likely to owe incontact with teem, ropes shall not be etc.^, inconnect Eon •41 ton . + I. teed in the support scaffolds, but steel cales properly and debris r n tr• i er rotected by grease or oil, orother effective thud to pr onprt r may he placed uput lily. -. shall be used instead. or a building 1n the course or demolition, with _th pp I f theaCl f 1 i,- .04 Every scaffold, other than iron workers' scaffolds or Inspector. Timn 1:t width of such uosopi..01 arpenue' brae let scaffolds, the platform level of not exceed one-third (1/3) f the width or I which is more than six (6) feet above solid ground or measured between cbs. The t In front cormorant or temporary floe, hell be provided with guard perty adjoining a building sitey be d e rails and tee beads Gmfoeeing to the requirements of Sec- same condlti provided thes I : then 7.30.17, tending the entire lengthl and along the of claims for damages against the City Is l obtn iced fro! ands, p• !there ramps newer .h et withthem..weOn the ownersof such adjoining property and Jr:led in I Is- suspended, swinging m pole scaffolds, specs office ofthe Chief Building Insper for guard rail, end toe boards shell be fitted with wire mash screws securely attached. .02 The Chief But/ding Inspector say perch, Uo temporary closing and barricading al' se n- .05 Where objectsare likely tofall on a scaffold h dory streets during rbuildine arations, sub loci tor t he above, sut ti l overhead ' • of the Cityrn and the Fire thief, protection shall be approval giw rprovided,rm, not more than ten (10) feet above the scaffold • wwoefrsm, mtl aE s under caffolds.a or other points where .03 Sanyr firs. atl on fire las. shall not otomanhole roecs oust ales ender (folder substantial re pm nt, and fire-hydrant, alarm box. rsngeme to protection shallebe provided. No material a y 1,shell catch basin and shall be so placed,fer in gutter.. shotbyworkersflow De placed on scaffold ylatfmm not be restricted. .00 Sidewalks: Sidewalks may be occupied for •00 usSced for o another erected forealetyp requiring ring ShallIn be or In connection with, r , alter- beerierloads, ales tyre (forced or altered to meet the ethers: or demolition, except that there shall be a temp changed requirements. ornry sidewalk, properly guarded and not less than five (sl feet wide. provided in the outer portion of the street. .07 Roof brackets, roof scantling, crawling boards end area permitted for such occupancy in Section 7.31.02.02 similar forms of support shall bee endsubstantial in , and provided further that sidewalks shall be protected by construction and w seeely fastened in place when in we. sheds or fences as specified in Section 7.30.0-1. W Nleor .08 Barrel,, boxes or other similar mutable objects • Ys: Alleys,, any portion thereof, shall not shall not beused supports for planking intended with c retraction, alterations d or demolit.i'oes n, exn cept that as scaffolds or places of wrn the Chief Building Inspector may permit the use of n portion or the barricading of any a ilea subject to the approval of the City Engineer and the Fire Chief. .. . • - .05 Restricted Areas: Yarareas sordinance required auired by thezon 7.61.02 required for light and ventilation or for exit courts • _ may be occupied for any temporary purpose during cow true .02 Fixed Awnings: song br.. _. -..g enthan ded that not less a twenty (20) inch passer shall i bew men. LNatglu exit chats !ar the protection .01 c Cat hale shall ibes constructed prof et of tie xokYnn mantsovel t i 15 and p t exceed two in feet overP:nit ..in {eeI r 1. llac h t. . they shall case bethanet Ee the sidewalk grade be .hall t a .0 . 'sun E t t n. .. .- on the -al depth W t L (12) 1 .F y tf 1 1. i 1 _ a Noted t i Ender. n 0 sliced, ni shall notaccessible in in ['cot- he I] 1 tat humanand shall 6 designed dripping splashing f prevented.alL.. and side ' for loads as provide' in Section 6.21.03.06. walls shall be well leaned of el] reouirements or rape of and ion or demoliton at the completion of the .0.1 Signs on fie ad are ape She 11 he In work and shall beleft in as good condition as at the m t'orws nee wttl• the nerds loos c commencement of its operation. bends shall be provided Chapter SC. to insure the City against damages to such Pavurtnn or. a idiom]km as pc or Iced In the Building lutes, pA Ornamentations: !rasills,tables. belt cbtellei pilasters. ' capitals and othersimilar decorative proles'. .02 Covered walkways Chapter be provided with lights not to exceed !0 a (4) inches, and cornices to exne:d of any asnpublicedon shall 'b and tier outer edge eighteen (18) inches into a Public streets redre lghthttsgwhich shall be kept property burninghave placed thereon et and sunrise. p continuously bet- .04 •vindoes emd floors k 09 ruerider P nny barriesdes, rent,s or hand- .01 No part of any i tl except 1 .. il4 . provided d int o 9 3t 03 o 03, illf t At j- t r Ind- l 1 ill CO& Xi iiIii I,rl the shall project V ell street, ex eyt that : whileconstruction work ! in ,Anions which ten110) feet clear aboveubil barricades, - or wa)l V F t bile over sidewalks may swing over such public street not to exceed pub] C lrepercy� mays a pined on n elehteen firl incises. '! 3A 02 .01 General: No portion of any E lldl f ifin tr°ever • .02 Doors shall be so arranged that the TdUAhgNT nor any necessary thereto, sther then amateur!, projecti pub tt side- a UTAMCY OF fans provided for in Cln'Pter 25 and Pre- walk Ca during the swing of door shall note d twelve f viaed in ( cter 0 shall be permitted to project er (12) inahrs. VR& TTT O any retireonr restricted property, except as provided in ,n5 Storm Frotectlon: stanchions le n or other t m . streets: up t L windowsentrance do andother 01 N qua es: iairge openfw. y temporarily occupy publicP P ly but shall not project more thannine (91 inches 01 )., side- public street. walk in4 extendct with11dto 0. Pipes: Bowe sspouts, ti plumbing 0 g stack' to sery stand peel r." hiding theatre,. hot 1 large dap u e t t are similar true E r ! tLed e pub eld Pip of i ,il servicepines ay P jeer notnature; provided that they shallecbeconstructed entirely: exceed four (I) inches over Publ c sidewalk. sin-d re ,reDA perlyldra, securely Y supported crone tM1e, ._ lepr materials, ly drained. • .07 Foundations.: for ures d ti t of 6 llvtl pro ng l nd 02 f11 L f .Fi o• -L least; structinder a publicsidewalk and occupy public ground. 'ded part shell extend closer then to (10) feet eighteen theItew=.11, and that such projectionshall not exceed three (3) feet ant curb line, nor shall thetp (IS)al depth x ed twthet lve the of Ie belfoundation the sidewallrshall grade at.not thatpoint troop-few (ffi) inches. 11 depth exceed .00 t+lrys and !lunye,'Casements: .01 The roof of such m nu a shall be .01 Windows: Ca,enent windows which are more duct the water under the siddown nwalk touthelgutter. coo- than twelve (12) feet above the .04 Mar grade of any alley or ea emenc may project over sLa uMarquees shallnot be accessible bed for alley or easement not. to exceed elgh.e n, cis)s l 'I pro human useand shall be desi d for whose that aty the it d electrical' projection they shall nee • loads as provided in Secton 6.21.03.00. ctio .00. gm provided closer to any overhead electrical' conductor then three .08 Signs In ,nee with n (3) feet. • beIn conformance with the provisionuses s •.02 Storm Protection. Stanchions orother a In Chapter 35. .. liar mentors used to surer-p- _ port storm protection eel' large openings may temporarily .31.03 8.92.02 occupy publie property but stall not project more than'Incites nine (9) Inci tes onto a public alley. one ,1,6 Cement plaster shalt be proportioned ooft one .03 pipes, Dow spouts, plumbing stacks" apart of Portland cement, e not0 serviceconuit, afanse con- nection' Gnree (3) parts of sand sxa w •d by vnlurer xto which wan to standpipes 'nther similar service-pipes be added limeputty orNydralce line not exceeding t ay proJeet not to exceed six (8) inches into putli.° (10 percent by volume of the cement content. alleys. .. .04 Curb: A curb for the protection of expaed •07 o'fadmmplaster. exnept where^there is. spneY- may project "ate In sans w.L . excess service etc., tin- (3) tines the weight for the gypsum. to any alley moo to exceed nine 0) loco f a of one .08 him plaster shall consist r a i(B)r,,arts ne ,Od Founoat ions: Faourdat Ions of buildings (I) pert lime to not over may pro- sand. pro- ject under a. public alley and occupy public ground; provided that such projection sad] not exceed twelve ,00 Pneumatically and mortar 'rode of Portland (12) inches end that the top of the fouidation shall be retest, sand 1watershall rated for fire not less than three feet and six inches (8'-6"1 below protect inn in the same c lass concrete. the crtrvn grade of the alley. This provision shall not apply to utility easements. AO tencrete feu, where spec aLed in I chapter in connection 1 hotlw minority hall ll .04 Res tr feted Areas: :oral t or to specifiedIi tiney _ iareiai Patina' • 1 the hollow -.p of tl unitse d. .01 General: `C het ehere la a strictionsr for lyya.rdaarear n areas ,02 11 1 sent r Fv a poured aid court areas the more rigid restrictions shall apply in plumlb fire protection a• trines t sl and t rs i .' . tu'el eel • .02 Yard Areas: Yard areasas required under otend p e hor( Ily prrutin] or ond 1 projected mortar :pptied to tural. the Zoning Ordinance shall be steel as fire-protectionhall tie reinforced wall metals restricted as provided therein; except that fo'ndat lore mesh re Intmrcement. Concrete protection for ver t lust . for buildings and/or structures may extend urder such columns of structural metal shall have o re intone Lg con- areas without limitation. sister of No. 5 wire spared not over eight ('I) ;aches .rt or its ememealierivalent. Reinforrenentshall w upto e e . d .03 Court Areas: and the sl run turn) mealier alai sonr raged as ,ol Exit Courts: Court areas, for the completely Tin ilded intI JAr p t.' lye water rApurpose of Provldrnd 09 h plaster C forfl tee It o) In exit facilitiesr shall be rmtbstnetai for their required comb Ion with otherriot. Its be shall be ie ' r widths to a height of not less than eight (8) feet. applied directly to the Material or sreinforced .02 Light and Ventilation: Court areas, with a mate) nest) eI supported on tV1r hy metal furring. Plaster N by1 forfireshalt in b�olion nt as requir forced mesh and any h4' 1 for prpmes of light and ventilation shall be rmobatrre therewith h 1 he m that where plaster three. or ted for their required widths from the beltlowest required fourths (in inch or less (he al! I. r oint to the sky; except that sillsrcourses, cor- nices, wood 'b¢mners, vucb aster brcv a albpl teq. Lo met 1 lntn C eaves, and similar horizontal oexceed projections may approved piaster board neGlM �)treRly Lo such ova oa 'loners. extend• inchesinto foruch required which not to twelve ' (12) buildings which are three (3) stories Ott In [he protectcementormore or/ gilruun plaster yreprint/IA-eh: p n exceed (tin (18) Inches for (40rgs which are less ecte thlckress of poured a rate nr Oce RlJcally pro- than threechimneys stories or forty ( feet high; and• - mead mar Lgr a protective naferiall and _e i) itch f except that chimneys and other similar(5) fe vertical fro tar cement or gypsum piaster reinfueed with metal lain may dons which do notexceed five (5) feet In horieo Lel an L thickness of poured cmtret9.prenae4lcally into ion requirednotwhich(20) inches widths for Dpfleirgr ere three (3) to eexc d twenty-four (43) feet morein heightr ,05 here plaster is r oli st without other speelfl. o and not exceed twenty-four (24) Inches r buildings cat torn. it shall a consist of oneon.half 2t) inch r which are less than three (3) stories or forty-rive ha<neor gyosnm plaster: e except that 1 plaster (45) feet high. - shall be used on ter, n •me T. .06 In this Chapter, exceptwhere otherwise pecificilly red, the to rot rnv 'Hen in ft list of materials appllessl.o the next Tol)mvtto Item only, and e - to the total Lmruresa where aid u.ional mntertals r .nutted. 8.32.01 .07 ylp,s, wires conduits am ducts .shell not be enbedded in or placed behind the fire protective materials re - mired for the protection of structure' steel or Irmo except PART VI 11 above fire prol.e.-Lr a hung ceilings and except where tw FIRE RESISTIVE STANDARDS AND PROTECTION protemective m tenai is reinforced with wire seen and the Bent is such that they shall have a protective CHAPTER 32 - FIRE RESISTIVE STANDARDS covering at least as tlrtck as required for the steel. .08 In no shall required fire nproofirg of stnr.tu nl 8.32.01 /aterials of construction and fire-protective not load-bearing rnts inn eons slidered anys madding to the strength or DEERIAIn- cr'.15 aid asserblies or combination hereof, shallny YIDS M FIRE be classified fur fire-resistive purposes in terms of ,O0 In factories, garages, ware houses. ant other nWld- gESISTAACE their performance in authorative tests made in accordance i In which the fire themes erne 1 he-- with this "Stetting Specifications for Fire Teets of,Build- rgs' pro ring rap) ing Construct Ion and Materials" of' the American Society for reccolumns u nsOr equipment,may e injured by the tenement of vehicles, for TestingMateriels, hereinafter called the Standard tr the Chief bulldl m Inspect or ' Fire Test require such covering eia manner by guards or other material it .r tisfer tory to hid. .02 The materials, assemblies and combination, of .10 Flre-stops;�sMll scan the stopping off or enclosure nter ea specified and listed in this rating Chapterat the ends N wherever else specified of the seeps glue] beOtherassumed to havel the enbliee fire-resistive r dog here between stns of part tt lord, joist of floors a roofs and given.hal materials, ratingsaneatn and cChief flans other similar -r be Ing s given fire-resistive in ha by the determined Build-dbycommunization it if h pme such revent drafts tothe r Fare tog Inspector. Such interpolation aio sea mall bre date assent ct y 1 hall. cr t t ', .tat of 1 s. tax w- a bee tors among the in materials, ter and/or {half (In Inches t x of teen metal less tie twenty andauthenticatedreasonable listed and rated this starch and/or four (24) gage orr masonry. orcomb in it ton f sigh by withc evidence of aetyrmar h in llcos fire materials Fire pping shalt hetightly fitted in int. tests, such deg for safety as he shall consider o he v eed. nitwit chits. wires and abets and if necessary to provide tr exigencies Cf commercial ccut or ut^e isturbeH in the placement of sloes, comfort m production and field construction. ducts,)shall be repaired before cover fog. 8.32.02 .01 Materials, to be given the fire-resistive ratings FIRE BPS]$- specified in this chapter, shall have the following 8.32.03 .0t tiererat For n purpose of this C ,:titn. immune TIVE HfFA- niobium qualities: FXCEPrLO,S than k' in gymotts illill5 or ntner s unit ar TO FIRE- plane which are raised hive the floor not LS MO CAOh$Irnrr1oN .01 Concrete shall be so proportioned, in ar ne- pRo0FIND sidereal ac hag:notes except. when lief mite prov Isrnm are dance with the r'eouiremntn of Chapter 23, REQUIRE.. made v connection therewith for seating tw tnty-five (2ri1 as to have a strength at twenty-eight (28) days, not IIENf6 or more' [ersorn. Other moor raised Prrcdtm which a less than two thousand (2000) ponds per square )re inch and wider than five (5) fee snail not be counted as balconies the coarse aggregate shallo consist f line-stone, trap- fur the purpose of this Section. material blast furnace slag, or other similar not definitely crystalline in structure. .02 Type I Buildings: .02 Masonry shall core1st of the materials mien- .01 Gynnis tumors and .sir tinn build lags may have run Pied an Chapter 25, laid in lime cement or nog tracks of wood or unprotected steel or iron cement mortar except that interior construction of tile shall, and of structural lay may, be laid .02 Celt block me zani a floorsand con:one gypsum gyps . Masonry shall be bondedtienm tghty by breaking cells may nin jails. pru or similar x Id l gs, um Joints in successive courses or by the use of metal ties. y be c ns the tedof unprotected steel or iron, pray'ded that the entirecell block shall be constructed dlate .03 Expanded metal or wire lath as a base orbustible muter Sale- reinforcement for plas ter rrg shell be gal- vanised after fabrication, shall weigh not less than two .03 Steel roof )susses. girders Lind beaus which are and two-tenths b2.2) points per square yard and shall have twenty five (251 feet or rare abase the nearest not less than two and one-half (2i) ,ashes per inch. floor or balcony need not be tire- rotected ant such steel roof t girders and henna which areeighteen (IS) ,04 Petal mesh reinforcenent slec ffl d for oa dry feet orum e. but less thantwenty flue (25) ee may he fire protection of strwt rah metal shall con- protected with a sure Ied ell centre of net less than ore uu • silt of wire lath strips, as slrc'fied in Section 8.2'..02. rating as specified in Senum 8.32.11. 111.03, the full thickness of the masonry, IalA 1n the cede thereof, or its approved equivalent. • .04 Where all parts of the roof f-aiming t are less t twenty five (25) feel 0me he rear .05 Metal mesh reinforcement, si if) d for coner floor or bet...ann. s such framing may he of Navy tubber ate fire protection ofstructural metal,a hell wan f 11mm ate n and Mare meat. s shall consist r wire mesh weighing not less than one aid me he h n forty. *kit bog) q Unites innomin 1. half (1l) weds per square yard with wire spcednot tub o .o.I' and theroof planking shall be tongued and r four (4) inches, ornot less than No 11 gage steel anti groovedu u and not less than two (2) nches in n m nal wire spaced not over four (4) inches apart, or its • thickness. self The timbers shall be releasing at end approved equivalent. e supports on walls and n timer or planking shall extend y a e a2.ba 8.92.05 i. • • ,03 Type 11 2uilditrgs: .02 Three-hour rating: .01 0 tracks of w5000dd1 similar Dotecctted s nsteela r iro • .[. 9 1ne Dne cCm rtte.Mpg , .02 Stee] roof tr,maeg,or¢lrtlers, beans, joists an .02 2 inane-. structural Clap- oo rt1Hon tile wool. roof Joists aM planking which areeightee concreteor *lock nascnry, concrete fill. (18) more feet above the nearest floor orbalcony ma .0^ [' imaes crow n *Tam wester on Petal have the fire-protection omitted) provided that such woo him roof Joists shall have a nominal width not less than the (3) lites and that such woe roof Plankirg shall be tongue ,pA Two-onr rr rating.: eta g. euved and not less than two (2) inches in namfno _ . thi .01 It Inches concrete. ' I .03 In buildings for 01visidts 2 and 3 of Oroup "F .04 One.hour rats g; Occupancy the provisions or Ertl Ion 8.32.03.03.0 na)be appliedett above the nearest roof ramira wieh balcony. -are twely .0i 1 inch cuncret.e. • .04 eSuildings for Ph is10n 1 of Ormw " " Oecupatx ,n- 1nth.Ir sera nt or gyntunr o, on opt shall have all floors constructed of innatus . - tiDle materials. I 8.3206 .01 Steel be girders d t t.un rart or PROTECTION tneses 8.32.01 .01 Structural steel columns required t fi P tec (F T"C'L tintsshall 'be required d too I11 ave M protectionof anent,' anr 190h%TION Lion of a specified rating shall 1 a l BEAtm adequately protected by the1 p( rein* they FYA STEEL sides with a rotective "'aerial having I. lessthanth Cffi3P.V$ Al tf with material having not Itheethickness COMMIS thicknessnecessary for therequired rating_ It wher 'TIT (PlM N thissectionf - ter' t"t d E . fill f specified, and th i*l ter d iwces behlnl the specified outer nrote.I on shell be _ills p hoses nhtM6ypEsr tors of any builds p fi with concrete or brick rnascnr) or the materials of the out. Y ty¢s nrd/or .ttrucbv� protection. .02 fallm it meter** shall be toed r "Wort) L .02 The following materiels shall he *saved to afford tfire-protect resteel en 1 L mean* - T ri pr berm, of rat indicated: dale.-me ' there steel cohorts, fire protection of the rating tnllcate .01 Four-hour rating; .O1 -ow hour rating: .Ol _ inches concrete, .01 2 inches concrete .02 38 inches brick aeanry. .02 " inches -trucIu m ral v.oer n u titi se or rete h lock masonry. plaste^ea ,01 2 layers two-inch s miwal clay perk nay. metal neslr in beds .0� Inches hollow gYPsum tlia m t ion tile masonry, plastered. • ,04 2 Inches s r wtural clay oart pion ill A 2 Incas? lncs grewm concrete masonry, concrete fill. meal meal mesh 1 beds, 3/4 inch gypsum ster. r - .25 3 inches solid Eyrye um flit. mK, , **ter ,05 4 Inches structural clay Partition tll .02 Three-hour Eatlug: • ivy bed co ncrete fill, metal mesh l • beds, 5 5/6 inch line piaster. ,O'. ]@ inches concrete. .08 4 Inches structural clay partition ell . ._ i@ Inches gypsum collf rote. or concrete Well, concrete fill, Plaster .00 8 inches holism"gypsum tile masonry, IDL • .00 2 Inches sbrnrtar1 el:* Pst-t+oo nun ter,'no fill. or concrete D.oa4 armoury, plaster. .08 2 inches mourn concrete, metal mesh air ,G4 t IncIle Tres sal id, or p *cries !wllow yA.msue forcement. vn. r,y. .09 2 tales solid gyisum J.ile mason -, pies ,03 Two-hour rating: ter. .01 1,4. Inches concrete. .02 Three-hour re.Ling: .. . 1* inches gy...-con [oc rete. ' .01 ]@ inches concrete. .01 1 Urn gypsum ended plater on .Petal la!:. .02 2 inches gypsum concrete. .03 2 inches structwal clay partition tile .04 One-hour rat Inp: or concrete mink, concrete fill, plaster, ,C1 l iron concrete, .03 Two-hour rating: .02 @ inch corn( or gypsum mended plaster on .01 1t inches spite. neLel lath. .02 1} inches gypsum concrete, metal in + r- inforeeaent, s 8.32,U9 .01. The main "eel reinforcement 'Including spiral rein- T.' t FROTECTION forewent and ties larger than ne-illf (()) Inch. c .03 2 inches structure] lay partition tile IF STEEL • have rotection o a given aatirg shall be c ered with or concrete block, plater. CONLII?TE concrete havinx not less than the thickness listed in this COLLEENS Section for the rating indicated: provided. however, that .04 2 inches solid 3 Inches ha11M' gypsum prMsowm shall not be used for fire-nrourirrg, purposes on the tile masonry, metal mesh in beds, n f111. exteriors of any buildirgs and/or structures. ,05 2 layers plaster, each on metal lath, with .C1 Four-hour ^sting: @ Inch air space between, two inches total thickness. .01 2 Indus concrete. .04 One-hour rating: .02 Three-hour rating: .01 1 inch concrete. 1th inches cnmree_ • .01 Two-hour rating: .02 2d Inches brick merry.' 'a .01 1 inch concrete. .03 2 Inches Structural clay partition tile or concrete brick masonry. .44 One-hour rating: .04 1 inch cement or gnaw plaster on meth] Al 1 Inch concrete. lath. .02 the thielwess of orotection on colwn ties not Tarter .03 Exceptions: than are-half (4) inch may be less than that listed by not more than one-half ( ) inch. ge.a The [highness of protection on the outer eds♦ - • of lugs or brackets need not exceed ore (1) inch 8.32.0E .01 the main steel relneorcement, Inclnl tog stirrua lar- .02 Concrete filled steel pipe having a tel thick- montri0N ger than one-half Cs) Inch, in reinforced concrete nen not less than three-sixteenths (3'16) inch OF STEEL IN beams enl girders` Including the ribs of reinforced concrete and an inside diameter not less than three are one-half (3x) REINFORCED ribbedPlows orf a bothsides of the inches shall be considered one how fire resistive without coNC14.TE !riot]r to t, ^. naiad to fire, Canal are me maexy protectionr for ring or promos Uartt fro_ aril -�-� r S 1 dC t 1 -p [ t e of f t1 Il. be reused roc terd r l ce ions on jestreet fronts _ sidesSi L I not less than 4e other a wheren exterior walls a not subject e� three-how xe]]s ere loot to bed _ire- thickness 1 ted inthis Section for the re out�ed rating. fiimva required. Such concrete reinforced concrete floor or roof ham a flush cell- filled shall not be used for load bearing purposes ifl forced with approved masonry Pilfers between fora,Type I buildings except where steel protection Is not re- reinforcement shall have the protection non for rein- gulped. fo.cing steel of flows an- mu ] ._ con 5 32-0F. .02 The followlrg thlclmesses of concrete wall he assumed 8.32.05 .01 Cast Iron *awns renuired to have fire-protection of to afford to reinforcing steel In bear, girders, PROTECTION a given r L]* shall be covered on ll sides with pro- etc., fire-protection of the rating indicated, OF CAST *Wive materials, having notthickness less than the thicess nece- IRON scary for the required rating. no-entrant Ms , if any. .0t Four.hour rating: COMM on the exterior of cast iron co/anus, aN other a ssible spaces behind the specified protection, shall be filled with .01. 2 inches concrete. concrete,brick masonry or other material of the outer pro tection. .02 Three-hour rating: .02 The followig materials shall be assigned to afford to .91 1th inches concrete. cast Iron columns, fire-protectionof the rating Indicated. •, .oa Two-hour rating: .01 Four-hotr rating: Cast iron columnsshall not .01 1 Tutu, concrete. r be used where protection o m f far-hour rating is required. .04 Om-hour rating: • . .01 1 inch concrete. r_ . _..__. _ _.__. ____ . 1 1 8.32 II 8.32.08 ' .01 Three-hour rating protect ins ii ombustible • Cn Str nc Li on: .03 The thickness of protection On stlrruos not larger than one-half (i) inch nay be less than that listed .01 2 irides irretercea concrete or relMoecM by not more than one-half (b) inch. gypsum comrete. .02 2 Inches nrecast reinforced gypsy/ con- , 8.22.09 .0r The steel reinforcement In reLCorded co to floors erete, lamed or rabbeted Mints.. FROPECI'fOX end roofs with fllt¢b orflans net/inks, such that the g protectingInc ombast lble con- (F SItm. 1 to fire is the soffit nly, Wilde p tree .02 Struct u rota COICRFTE exposure le fire-protection ore given rating, MI MIrie covered strmtion: FLOURS n'lto concrete..¢v Ing not less thou tle thickness listed m .01 lit inches reinforced concrete or rein- ' MO ROOFS. tits stion for the required rating. to floors orroofs forced gypsum concrete. ;levity reinforced concrete ribs where the concret sur rounding the steel reinforcement Is ex cased to fire on .02 1 inch of cement or gyp nn sanded plaster or both sides in addition Co the soffit, such reinforcement Petal lath. shall have protection asspecified In Section 3.32.08 for on Steel. In reinforced concrete beam, .03 One-hour rating: .02 The following thiclmesses of concrete shall be assumed ,01 O inch of . nt or gypean 5 tided plaster to aITan. toreinforcing steel In concrete floors ertl petal lath, orapprove' plaster boots. roofs, fire-protection of the rating indicated: ^ .01 Three-hour rating: I inch concrete. 8 32,12 .01 Exterior court Sr. rim. an n. r - pr M1pn- ' I1 FINE RESTS. bear' ,02 Two-hour rating: @ loch concrete. • T148 EX'IER- fire, Beni) which of fire,rea quired to iven rhave a1.1%rrshlll be con- t- IIA, CORM' stricter] of fire-resistiverc- materials ani shell have latt least .03 Ore-hour rating; @ inch concrete. Abel FIRE Ate theuthickness necessary for the required eating. Walls Gylarlm cnnrte owning t In reinforced concrete' ( BEWJIA repulsed to have two-hour or longer rat.hg shall be of .03 ov ry ) Incorbustible materials. Steel reinforcwert in reinforced floors are roofs shall tin same thl c mesa for a WAILS given rating asconcrete. requiredrating as is s shallnl n vcSection wsame p otert 8.32.00 for rni free thel In given floors. 8 32.10 .01 S]nwrz and roofs repaired to have resistance to tie .02 F}terior, court and file walls bearing n^n-bearine FIRE spread of fire of given rating shall have such. of the following resistance Construction fire,n n] 'w pread shall be, RESISTIVE thlcbess of materiels of which it is c nstrmted as shall mewed to Ieve dlrted; t, dell fin spread l otrbe flL St0 be necessary for the required rat i.lg.o s'loors and roofs t of therating terior L r y wells. thet g',T'ml shall not be' ROOF CON- reouired toll-.thaw two-hour or homer resistance to fire shall used un tux exterior of any dolls. FKRIL/PION be'c oustruetee of Incombustible n erl r:Le Grunal ithic .01 Four- ' burned clay tile, ceramic tile or other similar Irv;mAm- hour rat leg: r tiibia loor finishes may be substituted for an eq a l thick- .01 a inches solid brick masonry. and sand or other Inomb:Etiltle fI 110g terials, ' withi or without ostedded wooden screeds, y have two thirds .02 12 inches follow well of brick lissom-• two (lee) of Itsthickness sconstruction for the material Section: of ohene (n) esur (4) inch sans separated four I»w frovr or roof c uchr floors ma spec if lea in have adequate inches. chlrckness tha true floors sin/ rots ihaQ have adequate elme5-, for atrminreirvurposes. .03 12 inches structure) r lay load-bearing .02 The to]lowing ram orroof c rla[r inch fan annu be the m so ry with two (2) units and of assumed to ord resistance to the spread of fire, less than three (3) cells in the thickness the rating indicated. of the walls. .01 Three-hour rat Mg: .04 8 inches strm an twel cue:le -Deering tile y with one wilt not less than .01 4 Metes solid slab of re concrete. twoo ns'(2) cells in the t hickess f the or reinforcedte gslam f re fete. walls. p:.wsu .h raa on es, sides. .02 R Inch cerlemnt mere of concrete biddy .05 12 inch concrete block rasonry with one unsure structural clay Min, and two (1) unit end not less heen two (2) calla (a) inchesof c not over twelve t^ the thickness of tip wall. (12) Inches between rri s, and soffits of .00 8 Inches (Underwriters Laboratories clay tile plastered, approved rtplclel • block masonryunits) inn-piece fete 0'L Two-hem rating: r with hell d webs at least me end sides.f(ij{ inches thick, .01: inches sotto slob of reinforced concrete' plastered both e or rinforced gypsum concrete. .07 F Inches salsa plain concrete. -_- -_ .02 -23 inches reinforced concrete on concrete between lbs spaced nots f nrribstw my (20) l,lclms • .09 0 unhes solid re info'red canerete. .02 Three-Iron bating, .03 4 inches permanent. fillers or c block, g orstruth Iwocture] iityat l�-F ring I.IIe xp and two (2) Inches sotructural tin tile 1 ginches twelve (2) 1 1 'bete ID - ., d, fmasonrount) Pelts I Ito thls ief t s nor r of lint of clay tile plastered. the we I. C¢ Steel concre�t [- two or (z) inchesof reinforced -' 02 12f Ms St' - l .ell I011 b_ it '1 reinforced over bl ur It - t les precast gypsum (1 and mil Imp three o) :IIs hi its thickness or e tn; spL less this one (I' inch of . on_ psun plaster oil rein/ lerl metal in ring. OPW with,03 8 he I W. pee'. betwrete less blothck mm one -�rl .05 4 1 Calf (I-,) 1 In hick, plated loth o <tup1 e rct fu slice. g -nc .i n fee il than one (U . agypsies .04 6 inches ( d, 9 1 G 1 lea pl t metal th metal u ' approved sin ,al uii(F, sespl c neercb. I L larywiith she its and webs nr .Oe one-flour rating: leas, our carat MIT (13) inches tiniest .ox X 1'n'M. .el Id re Inloreed o .01 Steel Joints, fire stooped. double boo.a a art V' floor, yprowrl ashen!as felt be ro-rn 00 Two-hour' ratInge - layers of bare; ceiling to bent. less tea!! three Tomlin 1@l loch of r .01 8 Inches striatum] a]ry load bemir* t Ile g yrstm sanded plater on metal lain or ( .amid, with not less t kin three (.a) ,elis ♦.lane I,' tow rlticlieS ''it the wall. .02 Sheet neteI decks system: telling to be .02 N lilies m e [luck masonry with not less than t fourths (@) Iw9! of slrvlls al eaten not Ivsa awn one and sr amen[ or gyps - feted planter' on recent huff (1i) inches (rtlak. lath, or equivalent, .04 One-hour roll ,01 'tool foiste, nut Less than oneand ones Mg; heir (PE Inches in leastn .01 SteelSLIPS. fireIon and tad on 1 od notsixteen (LS) J 1 both sloes with tl '_ fsurihs (i) inchch Of centers am {ror'gypsum aed plastertkl feel, fire stopped, sold:le board t oa; ln[Ir o apprwed Master boarrt approved asestos elt tetween layers ti' r hoards. Ceiling to be m4 1 ea twits .02 Wooden studs n t leas than two (2) inches thre.. fourths (q) snob or cent or gyp by b (f) Imes, sppeura of oversixteen sant plaster on netal lath or equivalent. (id) teethes w cement,, fire stopped end red On both sides with three-fourths .04 For roof con.R nit long fora-re(ardent (R) chef of cement or eypste aerated im- ool� as speclshrtl in 4w¢1on A 92.IR - ter on mete] lath orapproved plaster nap be applied over u stogie tb obsess of bvnrd. wood sheeting. 8 32.10 I Interior bearingqresistance to ll 8.32.11 .01 eell.i% d to afford PI t. tf pew i I FIRF, the :. ado Of Yin required toh PIE REM- rating floormy; tuner - f RE51STIV beC i PI Lei pee re, or a g spew h e i 'f148 CEILING qp rued shall bef fire-resistive -r. INTERIOR least tiethickness II s CONSTRUCTION the Hlcw for t materials 1 L of rest? REARING c'tl t V Ia the !Telling and ill ( 4 .irrZ A It WAILS 1 d toh: ) J, ig 1 beP g P l y ' [ b tub] ] Jr. Steep r t in (' 1 'p toprotected f matg shot: be A t Its el 1 h f for slam 1blumaterials. It hall he was msustainingIt. rating as is moulted in Seel' y. , w•le nor steel in moors_ withouttSe'gilt i l ,;et al in In such1 e slut IIbe fret.. .02 Interior b l wait. or • r fie by hl Messex r i L to 1 shall be Po to hake lr..ete eh tot and [Ire cifled in Section 9.32.09 forre fur,a in II ,o s. spread of fire of the rating aLrtV1 tel: .02 The (oh owing cehbe, cotsuveum ahell be ass,m.a t, afford tin floor or roof tremble, rice _protection o the rating Ind lc ted. 3.32.12 .05 Tracks for sliding fire doors shall be so sup- ported that a track hanger mess at Muth door hanger when the door is closed. Track hangers Shall be secured• to wesmry wails by throvgh bolts and to Concrete .01 Three-hour gating: walls by throug bolts or annroved built-in inserts. Wm- Mon El inches sureturnl clay load bearing tile ion shields shall not be used to support fire-doors. on y with two (2) units and not less .00 Hinges for ewireu[rg fire doors shall be riveted than far (4) cells in the thickness of or thrrngh-bolted to the,stnctwal steel triune ' the waif. of the opening, orthreaten-bolted to wells of nesoiry or .02 l2 inches structural clay load-bearing concrete c arel byapprovedapproved Inserts in t concrete Cr tile masonry with one (1) unit and nota It into mme_mry in an weaver. less the wall. (3) cells in te thickness ,n1 strap 1'inve aM slldtn^ •roar 0^mart atoll r'e ' creed to fire doors by cMaghbolting rivet- .03 8 inches -yfece concrete block nnsmry ing or welding. Swinging fire doors in rabbeted frame, with shells and webs not less than one exceptand one .tin-clod wood doors, way be hungon butts. are half (1!}) imlca thick, plastered on Other swinging fire doors shall have tore strap hinges. oath sides. .9e Sliding fire doors shall have adequate stops .04 8 inches (Underwriters Laboratories for the closed pmltion end shall have meting r inertia. approved specialMSfs) one-piece Ttrrrk lacks latches fire or idoors shall t fOCIS. eeveatalthrew f three-frnuthS Q r block masonry with shellsand websest at inch. on when mounted in pairs. fire doors shall be rabbeted least one ultl ore-half (1A) nches thic . by means of an astragal or otherwise where they cone to- have .02 Two-hour rating: gasnush bolts0 at topaern:bottom with a throw of thee-fourths .01 0 itches structured clay hoed bearing tile cc Itch awl the other shall. be held by latch to the first. y with not less than three (a) cells .09 Gxcaet in detention bulldi ge, fire doors hug 1 In the thlclages 0f the wall. in r iuired exits civil be so fitted with hard- .02 8 inches concrete block masonry with re sthat i they can be opened in any possible 1irection cupledMi shells had webs not less then one aM one- ogre n w use o n ten occ half (14) inches thick, .03 s Comtruetlan 1 .03 One-hour rating: .01 In the construction of fire doors, soldershall .01 ousel studs are-s[nnpd aM arse a not be used, except for yytnaiing jonts. Mat both sies with three-fourths (Whir inch of metal shall eoliinpraefastened riveting orbnailing aid to metal Arent or gypsum plaster on metal lath, w welding. approved plaster bared. .02 Glass in fire doors 2) Ml) be wire glans not lens', .02 Wooden stags t less Mn two C2) inches than on-fourth (t) inch thick and shall be set • by six (6) inches, spaced not r sixteen five-egrhtne (5'S) inch in grooves three-fourths (II Inch deep. except inches On centers fire stopped and covered -hdred (100) s where otherwise prrre inches in exposed area' ov idea, glass panels shall' I on both sides with not less than,three- not exceed one-hundred fourths (if) inch of cementer gYFsue serri- ed or twelve (12) inches In any din nsion. 1 plaster on metal lath or approved plan- .03 Fire doors shall meet the f011owirg construction ter board. outrelrents: rA1 Metal-clad three ply wood core doors, 5.22.14 .01 Interior non-bemire partitions required to have ve- canstre.ted in accordance withr the eye- ME N6Ia- elstune to fire, and the spread of fire,m of a given ckficatia s of the Nationel :.card of Fire Underwriters lIb- TIVF. IMFA- r t1q[ shall be constructed chi of sire-resistive slstive materials end oratories and bearing the label of the Underwriter, Lahore- RR NON- shall have at least the aired to necessary for the required [Dries. BEARING rat ore. Partitions, required to have ro-hour rating shall PARTITIONS ben incc le materials. Steel raMareenent in re- .02 petal-clad two-ply wood core doors, cont • intoned concrete walls shall have the saneprotection for str'cted in accordance with the speelfi- A the given rail¢ as is required in Section 8.32.09 forsteel cations of the. Nat-tonal Board of oT Fire Underwriters In floors. bearing the label. of the Underwriters Laboratories to this i ions of the following cm- effect. .02 Interior non-bearing p resistancet [ struction shall be rids to have to fire .03 Pollee dotal doors shall have stiles and and the spread of fire of the rating indicated: rails of heavy pressed steel, reinforce .01 Two-hour Rating: for hinges and other hardware. Panels shall be of sheet steel filed with asbestos board or other s Iteulatii .01 2} inches solid brick masonry. neterlala. The don skhull be assembled byy rivet rlvet]re, 0r raid- ing. The desifggn and the manufacturer shall be apprafed by m .02 4 inches structural clay partition tile, the Chief Rullding Inspector. Plastered both sides. .04 Av la o motel-clad eteod -cl d paneled Miles and ir door oor nohotness .ul 4 inches concrete block, olestererl both thin three-fourths (if) inches thick, covered with dent-six sides a gage sheet steel; panels three-fntl (if) inch thick c er- ed with twenty-six (26) gage Sheet steel, set three-fourths,, .04 s Inches a.vnsum tile masonry. (I) inch In grooves; Joints of natal lapped and well nailed. .0n 2 filches solid, neat. rfhered, Myhre'eln- .05 sheet metal doors shall be consructed. ter onmetal lath ei incoubtet lble .tune.. with a rolled steel ighul nun covered! din . both tides with one-sixteenth U/0) inch asbestos boa ril, twenty-six gage Corrugated sheet metal, with corrugations .0.. One-hour rating: vertical on .side horizontal onthe other barma on' the edges ith rolled°steel pressd steel shapes. The .01 3 inches stricture/ clay pertit ion we design and manufacturer shell be approved by the chief' Plastered both sides. BuiSdiry lmmtor. .02 3 Inches total thickness of hollow well, .06 n steel rolling fare door she)I becon- three-fourths MI inch cement or gypsua stri teed of sheet steel interlocking lats,' plaster on metal lath, or approved equal sliding in grooves, c ter weighted by springs, the roller' and inconbnserntlble studding. e ee benism enclosed in heavy sheet metal. The tee, design, and manufacturer shall be approved by the chief vulldiiw .03 5 inches tote) thickness of hollow wall, Inspector. 1 three-fourths (II inchs cement or gypsum plaster metal L(l lath or annoyed an ed equal .072 A steel plate fire door shall be construe-. and waken ettddiig, stopped. fire stopd. ted of not less than twelve (12) gage steel plate mounted on a rolled steel eras, ur asseled mb EylEmma.041 2 inches Ewn sealed plaster on metal welding or riveting. The L e, design andmanufacte shall lath eM incortustible studding. be approved by the Chief Building Inspector. • 8.32.15 .01 General: Thorn which are required to be of fire- S.32.16 .01 General: Windows which are required to be of fire-m FEE resistive construction shall conform to FIRE resistive construction s}tll conform, to the R®ISTIVR the require:rnts of this Section. RESIRFJVE Rquireeents of this Section. DOCKSrore Wlry .02 Detailed Reou[reeenta: .02 retailed Requirements: .01 Fire-resistive doors, when closed, shell crew .01 Fire-resistive wilds nay be fiord or arranged, pletely cover the doorway in the walls end to own and close. Fixed fire-resistive wind s; partitions or the openings in the Coors or roofs to which shall be sosecured in the walls In which they are placed. theyare fitted. A Loire door shall either awe rlaurboth that they may expand in case of fire without buckling. ; Jeansand the head or the opening not lens than (4) .02 Movable fire-resistive windows shall be o mtl inches, be fitted to floor and heme with a rabbet or closed in one of the following manners: the (g)or angrier)] of the door with not less than om- ex except i tech ovees a on the tinge. A sliding fire doer, a .01 Ore or more Sealer d slim horizontally' lap both 3 jambs lmandsd c a had of th opening n Fhes w n r then in a fire-resistive hum. foe (4)n inches.wnA sliding fire door ina opening not bout .02 One or more .cede mmyslide vertically a passenger elevator shall overlap jabs,an and adjoining with counter weightsses or un two rt ally panels not Late than ore-heir Fire doors cone • canter balanced and hunt on chains. If a sash la cosh- fit closely at the floor withclearance of not over one- in a raised position it shall hove a fastening. fourth (I) inch. .03 A sash ay be hinged at top, bottom Cr .02 In ire buildingswith combustible shall floors, doorwayseither side. required extending to have fire doors have h from each, acthe of tiro randa at least four (4)laterallyinches from .04 A sash may be pivoted at top and bottom each race at tire door and extending T at least six or at the ales. be inches with the each aJamN or the doorway. Thresholds may flush the floor. .05 A sash may be arranged to men or close in .03 Flre-doorso frame closed Shen fit tightly sat hardware. any other app'oved manner with approved the wall orfra so as to provide an effective stop for fire and smoke. No combustible materiels shall .03 movable sashes in fire-resistive windows shall intervene between the door and the. flee-resistive material be fitted to fire-resistive times of the harm of the wall, floor or roof to which it is fitted. • similar eantnmtion. Both sashes and heaves, and metal 1 .04 IKrdware for fire doors shall be of malleable mullions between window units shell be so fitted in them Iron or rolled structural steel. not lees walls in which they are placed as to be continuous with the. than fire-resistive 'inertia of the wall and secured that they' for one-fourthlid (Y, loch thick except Unit tubular tee] tree may expand.in easeof fire without buckling Inch thick. lirer c shall oors arm be not less i than one except cbuies - _ �_ charm to sL, wt thew in C]mM telthon,nexcept in ste- t. .. or Shafts. '' 9.32.16 .04 Glass In fire-resistive windows shall be wire 6'32.13 and the area go anot lessthan -fourh (1Inch thick area twentyf �rc light hall not exceed seven hun- dred (120)square inches. Sloss shall be setthree-- ' eighths (2/6) inch'in grooves et least ore-halt k) inch deep. Glass shell bee meowed by glazing angles ormugs .01 Any roof c bolted to the 1: M ror:nir continuous groovs for ins r Class "A' or Olewhich meets the requirements Flesh. anti ors of the Underwriters laboratoriesv:der the el:ecl Pi_ .OM1 Where fire-resistivewindows are reoulred,woMan .02 Built-up roofingloo consisting of s:cessive layers rinaa wMcb comply with the requirements ss ono section be 8.32.15 fur pro- canlm,0��leyer afaro tlrg Ngr veihol]<smettentGL"bedded a v1dad the open are protected by fiTw_resietive shutters fire-resistive doors. np°tfaM a .03 constrwElom .03 BuuiIIoofLgfing6 m sting of successive flyers .01 Fire-resistivea final layer of asbestos roof' k felt imped Pat" asphalt( a ion: w3Mmn shall be of the following phaltone end^ lrc)rg quatre feate)w Powta e(14)ceo why s captrwtim: saturated prepared o epochs( seated with granulated f lateaor .01 Hollow sheet metal sash and framer hb- other similar material. grenula4tl slate rieated y pressing, we dins{, riveting or crimping without the of solder or other ftelblealloy,. _09 Guilt-, roofing ]sting of rucerss ve and except M pt for filling joints, and peering the label of the of f burin felt y floor fed ylth ter 1 layers tap Leheeef.Or lee. eere,t inmost of Droeo clay i'loer materials. Gone ffagglrg, .02 Rolled steel or pressed steel sashes, ate orother similar fabricated by pressing, welding, rivet- .Gs 'mg rlRwrg of a and style appr d by the Chief Shingles of natural slate. Building Inspector. .06 Shingles or ate. of burned ale .09 Other approved constructions as tire- cement concrete. clay or Portland resistive that exaltled to Section .07 Shingles of asphalt-satiated felt surfaced with' d.90.19.09.01.01. anti approved by the Chief Bulldli Inspec- tor. granulated slate or other slot material era tor. wlghirg not less than ore hundred ninety 12 .02 Fixed fire- onehundred feet. 01 of deckards per cal construction withmovable sashes shallnot exceed six (8) feet in width nor ten (m) feet m height. �03 Built-up roo tine roofing shall spo be pping°d t' 'he feet by. on Gheltoor deck, or by sep tin mopes ntiers t e tflr tree_ .02 Fire-resistive of rot awl the Sr f :an °nun not war telly¢ (l2) Enrhegll be l d nailing oh awrith tin shall be capable of resisting wind pressure en tlon. Re¢h lien asp ]qer shall fie Aroo Sn solltl appl1. specified In Section 8.21.08 applied on either the 1reh4 or wells oP molon asphalt or tar. (acre, n roofs with the outside of the window, wlthaut exceeding allowable walls stripsi shall be need and the roofing turned up stresses. and Imbedded the masonry a�xY properly flashed. 3.32.11 .01 Oenerel: Exterior walls which areperpendicularly M es�shell selates, tiles aMr other sent: or r f PANELfinlan- thirty (30) feet or more fom an adjacent beds of Portland ca l nreanv f nail ire.in eN ltl ACI(IgdB® building line, or from any other building, or portion of tin - roof where the finish fit face weighs/notnlesa han flfteen F( RE P SHORE sane building aril which have the necessary stncturel timer paeffiphavi Per l ounseo fact" 11 u:g v1i be elve (M, nay have pa.. ercleeuree as specified in this Section, toe tg a slope t eaceeeeng foi (4) N twelve rt_ ' height not exeeeditg fifteen (15) feet. shall have all shingles and s tile laid in roll heed of .02 CwputIDle Materials: land cement e ant mortar the Ball haveave e the first three (3) horf_ log. Roots bev¢rg lo} greater than f1ooured ( [M she .01 The structural have shill be fire-proofed as (12) spa]1 have hingles tiles laid In full bie)dsiofiPort- specified under Types of Cmatruction, lands cement mortar and shall havecourses securely to the sheathing. ,all all rely .02 Plate Glass used for store fronts and other sim- ilar purposes shall be set In metal or metal rhea frame in all Typo 1 ehan fifty M in type II and III cenldirggs which are closer than fiftyy (50) feet to on adjer e t building 1/de or to another building. .03 Grille-work used for store fronts art other Sim- Ilse the frames shallpbepeetal orl be of metal clad substantial metal fo In Section 8.32.17.02.02. provided 3.33.0I other than normal width entrance ad exit ldoors sheii be CHAPTER 33 - FIRE EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS metal or :eta] clad in all Tyne I building and in Type II and III buildingswhich arecloser than fifty (50) feet to an adjacent building line r to another building. 8.33,01 Buildings o, pm.is of bolldf GENERAL r rdin and/or promises shall be .113 Flute Glass: a a%alp nth sirs r:.lnentsofnp elpan,y art/firequip/ant .01 Plate Glass shall have a minim% tinniness of herein,. uncler Groups of 0ecupern:y and as spec if lea one-fourth (d) inel, anti horizontal or vertical Lot% .01 WI - mud d bees shall bespaced thath r f span or one-fourth AIIfONATl6 - (d) inch plate glassinleast direction shall not mimeo% 01 Inbuildingsfor Dome I excred seven (7) feet. Pars shall be provided at all arglen shall he Intl the id.t Y sprinklers in the installation. The glass shell be et not less then n _ei the (2/A) Inch Mn In ham, and bars, with ore- inte�[g floor,stwde roll fly end tie galleries, in all dress- r:er al3manee for expansion, nit shall to held in place with paint shops, ohm property roams, u,o mist shops, well secured stops. Freres shall be well anchored to the ' nn t s1. passageways ss sprinklers place, Dee t the prose.- well •• building frame, to such additional mmbere asy be Lon va1L C line of afely' shall be installed on the necessary• to support the Glass, with rot less than three- stage side of thana Inie (5)ly hack of the Proscenium attain eighths (,3/8) expos tots bolts or lag-bolts aril metal Shields and not more five (5) feet above the proscenium arch. spurt not over three (2) feet. .42 Group 'en buildings occupied whslly or in part 02 Plate glass hey 1thickness not lees than as planning m111,w box factory, wood Worlds[ one-fourth (d) 1 n a,tli i ss In allto establishment where lurter is node into a finished product 1 onstreet fronts which have a dimension greeter [ken :mc and ires, exclusive n which ri ti rows(2)two are poweroe eta y Grow wood-working j 1 twos(2) feet. !a occupied oil of , toed; any CM to ymed .OA Grille-work Metal gr111e work or the Prams thereof to manufacturehasssemble or ior ren m as a mattre roescs o sy d shall befurnitureloss, msEre rare or stuffed • fig Induce or to such Wtllt ores securely cm/tom! to nee build- materials for prld and silkting; mohair :e but like y ng stuffing; any Croryry ^fir baud] [o provide proper support for strh grille work. used used t%hrintgpont or In nun as a film nohow, (tall be shrill- to .05 Doors: floors used for panel enclosures onstreet .02 Petalled 0evutrements: znntal rosin fsronts sliding, IUW vertical, he•I- ing, where swinging, accordionany ..ier .01 where tmatichssprinklers are required, the e proper proisions omay be made ystem of sprinkl Mid pining shell be design- to fsecure the doors ats ell sides whenclosed. Such doorsed to walls, and their frames orsupports shall he substantially con- space 1n accord ceilings hngthe irenents 0"nthof the floor ib Section. strutted ono shall inb panne of witl:starall:tt wind press- Inge:rent and PAacarent oT O ure I specifiedfSection 0.2i.06 acting either inward with the requirements of the National Poerd�of F In e Under- , accordanceone w ard. (rood doors shall have a minimise thickness of' writers far class I,s system shell be accepted as meeting col three-fourths (la) Inches and metal need for cover- the requirements of this Section. ing such doors, where re. and red, shall be non-corrosive a aot less than twenty-sJx (20) Sage. .02 Where Ce ill smooth and broken there 1 ' .00 Storm Protection: Pll plate glass windows and panel shall be finkler for approximately every r In' street frontswhich one-hundred exceed aquae t and the paang in line a dimension m excessof Tots(4)nfeet M all art/led shall not : n twelve¢(iz) feet. puneh enclosure shall be fitted with wed storm stutters cepan le of withstanding a wind pressure, as specified in .03 where ce)ligs are of xmden joint construction ht Beetle/1 6.21.06; which storm shtters hall be stored on the the spacing angles sprinklersejoists shal not exceed eight premises or within easy a c s so that such panel enclo- (a) llel at right stse to the j Iota nor ten o(l10 feet ur may be promptly protected in case of impending parallel to the joists. emergency. The design. construction and anchorage of Morn .01 :here ceili ngs have bouts not r ive (5) shutters inspector.e subject to the approval of th Chief sprinklers stall be be rp more thman twelve Best ween than feet apart, twelve (1P) feet apart and with not thansore s not (t332.18 .01 Roof coo ]rg alder to he fire retard nt wr the (100) sown feet of ceiling for each sprinkler. provisions t this Cole shill comply with the require- .05 Sprinklers HESISr1VE s f [his _o . set O ncinedrf etc be placed Inter all helvi%, BOGif Inclined surfaces, de la, fends, ahelvtig, COVERING .02 the following roof covering shah` bee assumed t :metmezzanines,forty-two or wide,r fixed construction areas [h requirements for fire-regsMant roofin more than forty-two '(t2) inches within floor areas E: where spriniclers are required. .06 Sprinklers shall not be placed tcloser than _._- _... _ __.__ _ gers, walls dr other vertical cve oral t)rle inches tinhorns column, they shall be pled not farther from walls and partitions than one- . " u. 18 33 08 8.38.02 I lees than Are Wedged (100) petrels Jre square inch in excess ' of the as shall M.tless than of water tow ue to(9)thinches inside ight of diwater, hair (9) the ellmwn .spacing in that direction, provided fory tap upwance elow the seventy-five�:ppereest (75) feet of(75)th t height. that under word foisted ceiling such sprinklers shallnot be�mtlless than six (0) inntM treble seventy-five Mt •loll be placed farther from walls re partitions than two (2) feet. .05 Piping shall be co fed by screw fittings, .07 anrin:hers nen be preferably placed upright rlai es or unions; right and left fittings, shall ' tn. the sef)eotnr hall bent more than ten notn t to , d. Changes in direction shall be fade by etelderd' ((In) inches nor less than three a(3) inchesofrom the ceiling long bend rittirns and reductions in pipe sizes shall be r soffit to be 'preyed. made by reducing fittings. loll inrIgIrlers shall be or a tyre and construction .06 Each outlet, xcept the r r hen be fitted approved by the Chief ButMing inspector earl with epprnea fire hose,sufticienc to farce shall be des'grred to release at a temperature not more than all parts of the floor ores, but not to exceed on kindred w hwlred ('C0) degrees Fnrenlelt !nova the Primal tearer- (l00) feet, and a solid Ennead nozzle, ell reedy for use snare where they are installed, ant mo•mted in an approved rack or reel, preferably 1n a cabinet .09 floe for Sprinkler systems shall be galvanized iron or steel of etenlerd weight and size, o other approved nine and shall have not less than the follow- N a3 04 .01 Where required. Mt yards. oil storage lens, luny rsbte diameters based on the nutter or sprinklers in a YaOD roar yawn or exhibition parks fire eras strati& through each section orpife: HUWANTS other similar enalWuree, when deemed necessary by the Chief' Building Inspector. snail have not less than one (1) yard• NIN@s OF SPBINOBILS MINIMUM 1.8. OIM@TPR OF PIPE q hydrant and hose for each twenty-thousand (al,000) salaams e feet of area. 2 a .02 Detailed Requirements; A I .01 Where rewired, yard hydrants shall not be la- Ip 2 cated over twu hunched fifty (250) feet apart. ' 2„55 3� .02 The piping for yard hydrants shall be not less! i than four (4) Inches a shall be connected by' or) qi and screw fittings. flanges or union. ton 5 2pp0 0 .01 Hydrants shall have two and one-tele (2.9) inch II 4 dpn 8 National Standard Fin Deportment connections and shell be housed in a hone-hone together wit not lest l Resided that In buildings of Type I construction, the Chief than one hundred (100) feet of standard two end one-half • Building Inspector nay allow not more than two hundred fifty inch fire hose ate a smooth bareoneandre one-eighth (1-1/8) I • (250) sprinklers to be supplied through a six (6) inch pipe inch thterwriters nozzle. Huse horses shall be painted red and not t91 re than five hundred (500) sprinklers thro,glt anand shall Paaveopainted ereon t e winds s "Fire xosen In eightpen n thanhigh. .10 Piping shell be connected by screw fittings, flanges or unions; right and left fittings. 9 33 05 .01 City Mains: shall not be used. Fittings for changes in direction in W4IFM main and risers more than two (2) inches 1n dissenter shall. SUPPLE .01 All sprinkler if)(steno, stand-pipes and yard . e standard long turn fittings. Reduction in pipe site hydrants shall be connected to the City Main shall be rode by reducing fittings. The system of sprinkler wherever available, and such water service for fire extin- piping shall be well supported and no miring, fitting or guiswqind ependent shall be of the supply for other part of a .sprinkler system shall be used to support sanitary, Industrial or other purposes, materials or enuip:hent. II .02 Every service sagely to fire extirguishiy new .I1u" Sprinkler f.ontroi: The main stall aryil pipe of sgrin- rates shall be equipped with a control-valve each wider the sidewalk in a flush sidewalk bag of approved tyye o theservice in, a owns than ore, shell have valve of the location of which shall be etmfect to the approval-of approved ndicator pattern with bronze stem, a check valve the Chief Building Iw'entor. The purpose of each snob con- end Pre.s game installed In approved locations. Valve trol valve shall lie Indicated by words in the cover of sters shall be within six feet and six inches (6'-6") of a thet flush sidewalk bet. floor or shall De cede accessible by remanent ladders fixed n place, or n other approves Pee . IIM1ere sprinklers in two 03 A groud joint horizontal type check valve shall or e fire areas ere supplied envoi/M1 ore, or a set of be installed In the line immediately ahead of "ermine connection, each fire division shell the control valve on the building side protecting tie rein. have a separate branch simply pipe with control valve. -..01Warnin/ Signal: Each separate sprinkler system shall' -. device counted an the extteeri connected the buildi fin such inann- er that then ration of the sprinklers will actuate the .0z Fire Deportment Connections: rnes, and inst atwarning eil in eachchhcasse actuating sundlet loll Every stand met nerd/fir nnrinkier system shall the approval of the Chief Building Inspector and/or Fire have a i'e department confection: in an exterior Chief ,all of the bonanza, fronting nn a street. in an approved location not leas than ten 110) imhes or more than forty- eight (48) inches above the sidewalk or groan. %here S.09.03 .01 Aherne Required: building Is selling(' an have two (2) or more stand cites and Lanes on two (2) streets, A shell have two (2) fire depart- PUBS .01 In building(' for Group "A" occupancy, a stand- mar connections remote from eani other. The flee depart- pipe outlet shell be provide M1 ide of net connection shall be of arprmed deg shall have a Ow rear of the aulitorin, an each side ofthe rearof each sufficient Huber o two ant one-half (2fr)�inch National balcony and gallery, on each s deof the stage, on each tier Stanlard Fire 0ertnnnt ettoors to equal not less than of dressing roam, and within fifty (50) meet of allry mnle pro- enty-five (75) Percent of the combined areas of tan- Petty rooms, storerooms and work romm. Pipes M/m sprinkler systems so served. Wbre two (2) or more fire depm,rtnent conrectlom are remote from each other, .02 In buildings for Groupn"wwtded occupancy,n a stand- they shall be cross connected. pipe outlet shall be .02 Fire de the rear of any aulltorlun, and on each side each the rear ofUrn eeperlurant on ncmRlet,on shall on have Frotec- be Mll be located Inor eevveryNot lees than one fire area on every floor.ipe outlet lmlente the ptnTme of the cmmetlon, or such prwseeceps i lay be sham by a cast bronze or brass plate enhgsed to 1M1- .03 In buildings for Group "Cn, b". arid "e• occu- nate then s of the n mu m uon and s'tstantiellr in- coney, which exceed two (2) stories, a ntd- stalled In nvricuos sooner thereto. pipe outlet shall be provider on each floor In every file area. type.00 A ground joint horizontal. check valve shall be installed in the line immediately back or the .09 In buildings for Group "F" and "0" occupanch fire department connection for the purpose of protecting the where the sum of the floor areas, usable for connection. nd human occupancy above the seco floor exceeds end me thousand ach feet, raradioutlet h eelt be 2stor . .03 Gravity Storage Tanks; ech flo square every fieehic cswoo ( ) m There two (2) or more portion of a buildin�gg exceed two (2) .01 All buildings which are six (0) stories or sev- stories and are separated not lees than thirty (30) feet, enty (GO) more feet in height hall be pro- each such separated portion may be considered separately for vide,. with en ancillary water supply for required fire ex- tie pupcse of determining stand-pipe requlrennts. tinguishtng apparatus by weans of gravity storage tanks. .05 No stand-pipes shall be required in buildings ' .02 There shall be amintai ed in eueh tanks at all for Group H" occupancy which do not exceed tine not less than twenty-five hundred (2500) three (a) stories. Where buildings Persuchoccupancy ex- gallons for the first tam pips, thousand f 1000) teed three (3) stories, staid-pipe outlets ha e provided canons for each additional , and pipe and pus an arrant of on each floor In every fire area. .ter which will operate the sprinklers in any floor area re for not less than ten (10) minutes, when sprinklers are re- .02 Detailed Requirements: quired. .01 Wbere stand pipes are required for buildings .03 Tanks shall be filled from tie domestic or in- having flat roofs, not less than one (1) Such dustrinl system by pimps when necessary so that steed-pine shall be contlmed tiehohhe roof and be fitted the rate of filling shall be not less than fifty (50) gal- with a valve awl a standard two aNnd Ions a minute. Any connection from the tank to supply a mutton. Buildings which have deck roofs at difMnt ele- doeetic or industrial system shall be so located to pro_ vetios shall, insofar is practicable, have a stand-pipe vent the drawing off of any water reeulred for fire extin- outlet at each roof level. guishing apparatus, as prey ided in this Section. Tanks Hall be provided with overflow lines which shall lead to .02 Stand-pipes shall, unless otherwise specifically the rd, dc"n spouts or such other places that water damage provided for in this section, be located with willprevented. futlets in stairway enclosures and so that all pets or the ire a a in which they are located can be reached within .04 Pipe lines from gravity storage tanks which . thirty(30) feet by a nozzle attached to om Ihuundred (lc( servefire extinguishing apparatus shall lead y feet f hose. from the bottom or the tank sod shall be provided with a awl check valve, protecting the tank, a a hut-off valve. .03 Stand-pipend. outlets shall be provided on every .04 Others tens: Pneumatic tanks and automatic fire floor ve shall be fitted with a me and one- R ihnit i) a h Standardapproved Fire angleDe valve and hose .connection hay- buildingswhere a superintendent, shall permitted ueli only In sag National (5) fe[ bogie a Suchroar oe ief u Building Inspector,properlylicy and shall labe not mop thanopert shall feet o we h n floor, roof or acceptableleto the Chief ppa sniisretainson directly re- stair hang. and f are project within the required a ellb ti Puy amh apparatus ear re41md the premises width of any path'of egress. at ell tires throughout the veer. .04 Stain-piles shall be of galvanized iron or steel • designed to withstand a working pressure of not 8.39.06 } 8.34.1 + CHAPTER 94 - SPECIAL FIRE PROTECT YE REQUIREMENTS B eq.BG FIREPOBT FEED BlEExtinguishers Where required: Portable Fire Extiashers shall be L34.01 .oi Fire dace wrtms shad have the races, which are e, GUlstp16 fled 1p'[his Section asfop leveled xetl maintained as FIRE rased to etre. constructed or not leas han three to penal- PDXES one-half (2}) ins es re ,ire brick xM nhsl] be bacba mei .0] In buildings for Or notolesss than Mao (4'1 Inches of solid brick masonry or re projection poor end of for eacchh two thousan honor ulenermasonry`or tenht e(poi inc!el n:; concrete n maason?) (•1<.V) squire feet of floor area Octal net distributing units which .02 In buildings for Group +9+, +p 'hem M ,6+ lines (3) Inches of air circulativespace between not less [Rv are outer shells !M which are corsstreF`eed of o leessslthe teat of floor n• upancyi to each two tlwpa'gl (2000)sgnere No. 16 wage copper be,ert rg but not less than one to each story. place oT the fire-brisk iisaeoulred oy De substitutedunit t n .08 In buildings snail be subject to the above. buts .n in five ldings tiro r2oupsr F• a d +0+ occupancy; a-. ton ^prwel of one Cedar Build/re taltg [n each lousily h na stories. uo4 (as®)) square feet f floorst. area, .1X Fireaces shall lave hearths reimported by ut lase thin to each e yapp e fire-resistivey ( construction.wide nest earths shall ac m.09 In build] less twenty (t01 inches wide ;nt not from face twe d PemY as 'e for Division 1, of tro,gt 1, pill- the chimney breast end shall extent not less than Me1vn specified In Chapter 20. (12) inches beyond the Ire place e .02 Detailed Requirements: • Heart n hell bn of brie:, stone, r tilepe 'e on each tWorn ferns under hearth construction stall be removed after the 01 A portable fire extinguisher shall consist f a be placed wsonry ithin sixor `(6) Inches frte 'Bs om the juts ly set. oo wood r /Tom shall e f2}) gallons of holding not lace than two M one-half top or arch of a fireplace ole 1 24 that pressure extinguishing nguay ishing Ifculd e, arranged m e equip- I n tp,. charged through a hose e er says and the tents die- I ma Every fireplace shell be connecter toseparate fine Mr of throe typeor a portable exti gul- In a ehhmey as specified in Section 8.39.13. Fire Oe approved as equal by the Chief of the prtnnnt. The design end construction of portable Mg No heater bonito solid or lquid 'del shall be place fire extinguishers shall be approvedt br the Fire Chore a firew ace which does not ccnforie with the re- quirements .02 Portable fire extinguishers. where required, of this Section. locations shall be mounted in corridors. or other approved garereif visible to the occupants f the build- 8.94.0E .n1 General: • lag. %Pere they are placed In cabinets they shall be vial- . bie and the doors shall be ailmled or of glass which can to IRAT .S brolen to give access to the extinguisher in case or fire. '°1 Nothing In Section ction of insi be construed to or the recessing of g- suitable floor at-wall prhey I ear the recessing h h gay burning space twat_8.33.07 .01 General Allrequired fire extl ors nav]nee de, teas than Mane heaters thousand fD wal fl INSRCTIIM �ulehce apparatus of e per halt, or electric sopeu . space r titers A20 TES s shall be inspectedma& asthe least oyear utl of less than ten excess kl those per Fete Stele heaters havingother tests shall be shall re Fire Chief atrL/nr the neving denims In of those deateSeted shall have pro- Chief flding Inspector require- Detective hose and [action as required for fre places in Section 8.39.01. other defective parts shall be replaced fm,Mletely on de- mand .02 Such space heaters shall not be located behind .02 Automatic Sprinklers; Every system f a tomatic doors in pther locations I er will shins rthe e-1 exposure of mostlblematerials to deugeroue heat there_ thereof shall satisfactorily meet actin p m e t ell parts rr Imbed fifty (150) poises per sgmare innep,awe teat P one .O2 Protect pan: .03 stand-pips: Stand-pips and all parts thereof ex_ .01 Gas: Recessed nose, shallgas space teeters havftg a de- nrc use test or ors hundred (IOW points satisfactorily meet B.T.u'a mans less thn third thousand a ,000) excess of the staticper square trap In per hops shall be protected s c cpbegtibte meter- pressure due to height the water. Mils by not less than two (2) Inches o' brick, concrete, .M Yardterra otter or eypaan the or other inetnbptlble material Hydrants: Yard hose. and all ports thereof giving equivalent protection. meet a pressure test of exceptone bunked f Efts satisfactorily poun square inch. - y (1E0) pounds per .U2 Electric: having .03 Portable Fire Fxtlrgulshera; Portable fire a cingut- ci demand]ease than space butsmore than !'f and re-charged as often shall be shall be discMtq. five (5) kilowatts per hops shall be protected fi iglu_ the Fire Chief for eYti, i,lehers of eaci type.e required by tern materialsnes ^by not less r two (2 lnatna ofor brick, r; charged hmediately after each tie used. M shell be g]vint2aequfvalent' 'aa tile other SnconbpClble material protection. .02 Recessed electric space heaters Irving a 9.88.08 .01 Where one or more stale-pipes requireddemand of five (3) kilowatts par hour u p pes are in a new Ie.BB shall be lapt nit less than two (2) trashes clear or ell NI6CEIIA- building, one such stand-pipe shall De innedlately nomkunt161e mrtterfels end shill be lrote[[M an Nose elate NBCB corrected to the ity main and shall b carried up with the wnleh are padja¢nt to caubustlble materials by not less then ROUSE building insofar is practicable, for the purpose of 1 y y nro- ' 'EMS ext4gulefiilg any fires w eh say moat dosing co� trurtimt tested tro,(i/mtuniibhle upmaterrleie ey not less than the equf- .02 There both tend-pi valent of ono-forth (¢) inch of asbestos. required in these ale apparatus,2for each fire area, shall, insofar building, such practicable, be .03 Clearances: The clear antes herein ranged In ore bnet 1n a conspicuous aN uNantageous ]no- • the hottest lions of the cribed stall be a varied at cation. tin Chief Building Inspector sopthat no nllacent t'mtu.LIDIe material shall reach a tempetatwc exceedtry two husMred end fifty Ipn0) degrees FereMelt when such appliance of nppa_ • is Ietul1 operation. • ' , u.03 Ventilation: All recessed gas B e beaters which have a depots in excess or thirtthou- Brl 010,000) B.T.U.'s per hour shall be vented to outside air with ventwith s o approved the followingustitle and n eorrodirg • I mate re, prey islets: .01 Veots shall, unless f ;ttghis raquirenent be waived 1 the root of [he buildig enifshall be hhaA d for protection against the rain are down drafts. • .02 No appliance shall be eaveet d to a vent closer then two (2) feet Co the caneetion of an ot r appliance, nor shall anys burning appliance beconnected ycchiuuey, smoke stack or vent t which is connected an applianceT any other fuel. .09 The site or the shall le ;reform and shall be based on the vents shell B.I.V. dement or all app- • lfarms connected thereto, In cordorneree with the following table: TarAJ. B.T.U. CQNSUMPTE x PEE MO°B - AREA IN SCIARE INCHES Up to L.C,C410 12 30,001 to IIO,IXIII IC 00y001 to 1110,01.0 28 100,001 to 1M,0b 28 • 140,001 to 180,00 SO • 150,001 to 240,000 63 • " 240,001 to .I00,000 78 allowable reduction id size of five R) mrcent tm each aiv I h p�ni laenaamubmm over ren connectedctfonnrno therer450)to eSe11ent.be permitted, au pec .04 The s t for ventilating such as to r re tsM space hetier hushing of solid or liters sfirll quid ]leis, to prevent its one for or fl.11.0'i .01 General: All boilers generating omen under pressure BOITtRS pall conform In construction and proten- ti,e devices with the reeuirenends of the Boiler Cade+ of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and with the • f . - ' ' requirements herein prescribed. .02 Boilers Doer Three (3) Borsepoeer: .01 High Pressure: m ' .°1 All stationary boilers over three (21 " 8.34.05', 0.30.03 0.34 .Ol emrrarclfll: 5 co s M r¢�s such Used fn ksitch- horsepower aw generating steam at pressures a eedire fit- of ant its Foeels, club she ^' - ggNO� similar establishment,µ, shall t be plierd adjacent to-any teen (15) parmi_e shall be enclose,l-with walls of four-hour ae_resile materialwhich does not heed at least o -hour' rlre• 'resistive construction and floors and/or cenlir¢e a fire-resistive nroteetlon, norcloser than eight (8) Inches of three-hour ire-reslstive construction, 1] as to any combustible material which has -hate protection. specified In Chapter 32. A]I opeuf sin exterior or eInter Such stoves end mugs shell be supported floor not ]or walls, other than ventilating openings havinll he g area • dem than two-hour tire-resistive tnrtion as sppelfiea nofire-resistive niM one (m)s scere food.ard/nr doors as specific'. inaction ed with ID Chapter 32. 8.32.1a. * Domestic: .02 £tth boilers, which are used for Marina .01 Stoves, tames and hot plates such an are used mil with reducing,valotter similar the asesorvhallln thhe stem( for the cooping or lelmdr]j,�of a single family surely lima shall not exes ceed fifteen (IN) poures. an+which use solid, timid s tuewtuslf not be placed 'I nearer than twelve (12) inches to embs materials .0^ All such stationary boilers over tree (3) ' which .im not Fees Ore-hoar ire-resistive protection unless a horsepower ant generating steam at stun emhwtibla materiel be rmotected bye an approved shield Tres in exerre of fifteen (15) porno shall be in chargepress- so Dries cleard ttmt, there shall he not thanr three (3) an srienced operator, acceptable to the Chief Building ruches of space for the etweecirculat inn less feld air an, the smear. appliance and the shield, and between the shield ahe c lace mile material to be n tee, nor shall. it he placed mbte- .02 Tow Pressure: Stationary boilers over three'. lover than twee (3) inchesi t0 eceetIon. C hen cos which n (3) horsepower FM generating have one-hour o e fire-resistive proteesln. Woolen 111M ' w steam et withrressi}es not over fifteen (l5) pounds shell Ee cues a g ornebiruts Cell be not less than thirty e(30) Mid enclosed walls o not aless than throe-hoop fire-resis- tive cues abp+asuch aPFlfvice. ,a onstruction end floors end/Or centres or roofs of not ,02 Electric rangesand hot plates shall not be less thantvo-lour fire-resistive construction, es specified placed closer than four (4) inches to embus- in Chanter 02. All openirms An exterior or interior an walls, 4tible co, tructin, nor closerthen two (2) inches to walls, other than ventilatiTt opt i es hahay* area not exceeding floors orceilings of one-hour fire-resistive construction one (1) square foot shall Le Protected with fire-reslstive as specified in Chapter 32. Wooden ceiling, shelving or windows and/or doors as specified in Section 8.32.15. cabinets shall be not less than two (2) feet above such .03 Boilers Three (3) Horsepower or Less: Boilers of appliances. horsepowerthree (3) .03 Vent' at Ion: ur less, generating steam at less than one hw- deed (A0 ) roaxds per square Imo pressure, y be Metalled) .01 Comeau fel: All r 1s1 ranges shall be without a losses: but shell not be placed closer than five provided with hoods irnmdue- (5) feet to any combustible materiel, nor shall they be tmle 'eater's's connected by ripe or duct to an 1M M- b]aced on combustible flooring. The impatiens for h ent chimney l to or mole .tack extending above the roof. oilers shall he subject to the approval of the Chief Build- Tie Mod, if of sheetsnetal or other similarly thief material 4g Inspector and the Fire Chief I and connecting pipes shall not be placed rapec0# to any .04 Yen[ilatorq anM:mole-corrections. fire-resistive material which does not have at least re-hole fire-resistive mMectiOn, nor closer than eight (8) inches .01 All boiler enclosures shall be provided with an Livenpro�tion.ustible material which FM me-comer flee-reels- adequate system of vent ilntors located at or near the floor and celllm_ levels .02 Dnsstie: Dnm.stie runes which use.gas fuel shell preferably be vented as pro- .02 All boilers using solid, liquids fuel 'tided for space heaters 1p becalm 8.:4.02 but etch venting, shall be cm cted either directly orr by means shall not be mandatory. r mole rims as specified in Section 8.34.15 to chimer es specified in .ection 8.34.13 or to spoke stacks as specified .04 smoke Connections: 411 ranges which a solid or in Section 8.34.14; except that this requirement may be liquid fuels shall be connected waived by the Chief Building Ismetot aM/or the Fire Chief either directlyb p pes as provided In for boilers three (3) horo!poeer or less sin gas fall Sor bromism; of specified 1 or to sn heection -stacks ass spec fied as sin Section 8.34.14. No sun Section ch 8.34.D4 .01 Large Capacity: Al] inter Seaters which are capable corrections shall be to any chimney or smoke-stack to which. WA* or raising onehrired and afiftty any gas burning appliance or epperats is connected. htslThs (150)s gallon. or more be ors lore of water sixty (00)tde degrees in one .05 Clearances: The clearances herein prescribed hell . be peastred at tie hottest point of the .e] large �aratltY heaters, which use aml la, ]]gala app)iame and may be varied by the Chief uilding Inspector gas fuel shall separately encloses with sothat no adjacent combustible materiel shall h a ten- or walls, floors and/or ce flings be roars of not less than leretuee exceeding two hntrM fifty (250) degrees wench three-bog fire-resistive cr n n trti as specified 1n Chap- Mn such appliance or apparatus is in full operation. • tern 32. All openings 1n exterior or interior walls, other ey ,. wrVs18YY mg opaµnge not exceeding are (1) sqUare foot 'rat 3a '{ in urea shall be protected with fire resistive windows anti/ 8; rY r "gltph�b f which has or doors as specified in Cheerer 32. I '4„AT .� ) Weans feet shall ment .02 ante capacity Matters which use electric pone k CI y f M •MTteOntt lees land thanUT not be placed adjacent to any combustible bight (e) Inches thick, and roofs of reinforced concrete aerial which does not have at least one-hour fire-resin- Mt less then eight (s) nches thick. If the area or the rive protection, nor closer than eight (8) inches to any cetbstin charter 1s fifteen (15) or more sonar, feet, all cotstible material which has me hour protection walls and the roof shall be of the sawn materials not less .02 Small Capacity: Rater heaters which have a capacity than twelve (12) 1rcMs thick. less)than the heating of ore hydra, ;d' TM cmbstln clwmtrr above the grate and both above hour• fiftyifty1(150)ogaallons fnwaterl capacity sixty (EU) degrees An * and below the grate In down drafty i s shall Ma Y .rt' be hied with not less than three earl one-half (31) is.. yy of fire brick laid in Portland cement mortar or fire clad. .01 Small capacity shallaerswhich solid,d nearer Fire brick lining may be inclnbd in the reW1red wall and r or gas fnotplacedroof tickness. twelve (12) inches to cosbstile flteriala which do not. have at least me hour fire-mfstbc protect, mime sushi, .02 If the smohr the is she us as a refuse Lute, it shall cabstlble materials be protected by an appeared shield so be a smooth lined °Funny, vertical anti directly over arranged that there shall be not less than three (3) inches the combustion chamber. Charging homers shall be of air- ofclear space for the circulating of air between the beater proveddesign desn end n uc cstrtion, M shall not project within and the shield end the Cmtstfle materials to le protected, the floe area. ^he area of chargingte onims shall not ex- or hall it be placed closer than fear (4) inches to con- e g ue s Geed one-th 1/3) the el area, nor shall the least bustible materials which have cite-hour fire-resistive pro- dimension of .5 flue Os less than three (3) times the tection. No such heaters shall be pls d in anyg reds vertical direr of the charging hoppers The top of the nor Fall they be placed int" attic ipace*r Milder any chin y shall ..' vered with cagescreenof nm-emro- stairway when the construction o'r such attic space stair-ua, lible l of approved des urn and having area not less way is of'aatietable materials, shell they be pier k than two (2) alma the flue area. an any closets or other similar nclosures which are used or intended to be she for ae sti purposes. Closets for the sole larpme of enclosi g me heaters shall have the w@ls, a.34,07 Mall oil burners used in con action with any boilers, hot floors aid ceiling of not less than ore-hour fire-resistive OIL water testers, rarges or for any purpose whatsoever shall be construction. BURNERS installed in accordance with the ^Regulations for the.02 Snell capacity water heaters which use electric In- stallation of Oil Burning Enlmentm of the National Board power Mil not be placed closer than six (0) of Fire Underwriters. inches to combustible wall, construction,ceilings norcloser than three - (es Inches to ructi floors or of one-hour fire- B 34,08 .01 General: No combustion ng other shall bed gsinstalledDi in re ]salve construction as specified in Chapter 32. Al COMBUSTION anyxoil an y cep than foliose) of Dial- ,The clearances herein prescribed shall be memi-' ENCIh&B sin 3 of Group ^F^ Occupancy noept as folltwa: ured at the hottest point of the appliance awl .01 Snell multi-cylirdered engines having a. rating may be varied by the Chief Building Inspector so that w not In excess of twenty-five (25) brake horse e• jacent cobustible material shall reach a temperature ex- may be installed for domestic or commercial Purposes ceeding twomhrndred and fiftys(250) degrees Fbrebnit when with thespecial permission of the Chief uilding Impeetor. pp or apparatusfull] operation. • .02 Ventilators anti ammo Corrections: .02 Engines having a brake horsepower rating in excess of twenty-five (�) shall ue permitted .01 All enclosures forwater MflttFs, looms solid. in buildings otherthan Division a of prow ^F^ only with liquid or gas frl Ater be provided with anthe approval of the Chief Building Inspector and after a ed adequate system of ventilators Iceabi at 0;rear the floor proper bearing before the a dCi offerCe obi at which Noticeetof and ceiling levels. property by ao hearingas May appear eM fobjections.least 3f the pprior shalla be in twowosh(2) for at three (r), days asp to the Merin , (2) local daily rewspaperq, .02 All water heaters which use solid or 'so by the applicant. fuels and all largecapacity heaterswhichectly or by use. smote fuel shall t in Sectionr d8.34.15 to chimnys as means as r.. v '021 Gas Erglnea: specified as specifiedection 8.04.13 or to smoke hacks as seal- .01 Stationary gas a Inds shall be mounted asl in Section 8.84.14. , floors of iwoi,blstib^_]e Materials ani not nearer .m All automatic'water heaters and other h►atere than five (5) feet to any combustible materials which have havinga st1e excess of thirtythousand one-hour fire-resistive protection nor nearer than ten (fa) feet to any unprotected catu tIble material. Where 1t is (30.000) B.T.L'.'a per hour which use gas for fuel shall be' not possible or practicable to comply with the above re - vented as provided for space heaters in Section 8.34.02. ouirements, such engines shall be enclosed with walls of not .04 Noburning heater ghoul be connected to less than tine-hour fire-resistive construction and floor kgasany and/or ceilings or roofs of not less than two-hour fire- , M1ln ,ey, smoke-stack or vent towhich is corm-' resistive cnstructt 11 as spe if1 d'fd Chapter 32. fleeted an appliance using stetter fuel. 8.34.08 ° ., 8.34.05 , . 4 • All mcnlri s In exterlor are interior walls, except venal- nor for any other p[rpo* than to contain and protect the protected rtio,ry oeb resistive winnows sMi%' doors shall U slteel- crarKor,rera ondetlm necessary vq[dryc,rt incident thereto. fled In Section ection 8.22.15. Such enclosures shall lave an adeouatesystem of ventilators at or near the floor end 8.34.10 .01 Coil boxes shall be twee of rod lens then twentv..tpr ceiling to roof levels. 801A0 non n 1f belief/vs od securely] ,eel rwkentml IrateelM a WAf*, roots or sispreshall a securely b yps and opatd .02 r e eteeth walla eonmetM to ervic service reefer is ellst or berets such apt] Dom' shall ae thereon iLe teeth a is so from the service to any dr fired wells or beau nod wets senate thereon part ce the building end which Is ironed with a separatey ertll be red thereto. Such , l[s please on A•ylB wfs r ceeaotr valve ec tee exterior o the DN ILIB in an easily aipl be anchored throve the sheeting to nnees! Dre.urs ecceselble ant °cretacunre place. and/or pelts below h n er Let not -le on than o e_eigth (1/8) to by«n (1) inch. eThose -' .03 Pressure regulators in the form of rubber din- placed flat roofs ant sloped to the a shall have back phryme hags in c wines[surely pleiny br e4 not less than the equivalent re onM _fourth shabeoe[h¢� inaethitentitt vs tight tal cetaiers alit D rod n 1t'urtn (le) by ore-eighth (1/8) inch ventedouterrrmies. thresh tie roof to rafters, beams, and/or • .04 Exhaust oors illes of gas Les hall extend nut of bleed ht front anchorage m provided or those ]u,. rotes. unless 11he Fiefabove.Building Inspector ♦' shall waive this (8) feet requirement,shall extend above. the roof not .02 Tanta for salon systems, erected at or shah the roof ess than eight (8) feet nor less than one (I) font above r by]dings shall . of ran-cwral]"S metal end shall the head of any window within fifteen (15) feet. The ex- be spWe!y supported en►xtehorea. Ni tangle tonnes rrvlre set pipe of every gee engine shall be preelded with an ; pacity in excess of sixty (el) gallon shall be erected approved muffler. on wood roofs, accept with the n o.,1 i permission of athe re .03 Gasoline Engine: Chiefd d through u to et+r and than ]. If the supports are '+ - a, carried though to bearing walls belay or otter adequate .01 3tetlnmrV lit a Ines atoll be enclosed 6r rvf°lme made for trts support. In no event shall the gasoline' tR ea valued for materials be p assail in of the allowable with walls t not less than throe-Four fire- ,; v Led for those aterlp Isas inwl in Part VI of this resistive construction end floors and or centres or roof of Cole. When such tanks A a housed wand, the'form shoji not less than two-hour f ire eras tefloe constrict ion. All be constructed of not less than two (2) inches by four (41 4enirga in exterior end interior wells, t ventilating inches tarsal, and steatite shall be not h69 than one (1) ve ires, hang anareanot excee a x(1) steers root, inch no er lle thickness shad] to rotectSectithfire-reassure wiMnwa end/or doors • as apxffled in Section 3.02.15, • 8.Oz Gasoline tanks for such a spew shall not be 8.. 11 Otter heat producing or and sheet be classified by 'he BChief Building Inspector art tie Teretors Chapter located within the building but shall be in W(DL which S considers applicable thereto shall be complied. in Section, tanks buried, anchored end vented as specified FRO/WTI with. Sources of heat are flan shall be so c«er ec4N are in Section service 2. Here hall be a shut-ere valve in the APPARATUS protected as to prevent heating any noel or other ew1hretly amply accessible line,conspicuous pinceosure, located in an ble partitions then tie construction abuilding, ' floors, aping., oline a parts a buegrees to a temperature in overLoop hundred end all e(250) degrees Ferventwhen to .03 exhaust nes shell be installed as ()reviled for full ter ton, ant hell be so constructed as not to be 11- ym erglrts in Section 8.34.08.02.04. able to undue corrosion or aeterforat'm., or to accidental overturn, or other disarrangement conducive to danger. 1 eie, Gil Engines:' .. .01 Stafl sure on rlrcomdl eng engines le tshall itle be mouand nted on ton 8.34.12 .01 General: Volatile Inflammable Ilqulds for rue] re otter purpose, excerpt for sne.11 quantities a than five (5) feet to any cbte mat eriels teriels which have TANKS FM as otherwise perUtterl by this Coale,hall be stored in one-how fire-resistive orotection nor nearer than ten (10) VOIATIIF metal tanks in overarme.nee with the requirements of this feet to any werotectEF oLustible materials. Yhere It is INFleiM4 E Section. This. Section shall not be'construed as applyying to not possible or practicable to c«ply with the above requim- LIQUIDS liquefied gases in interclaegeable °entai:ers which t the • ts, such engines shall 5e enclose.' with walls of not less re luirenents of the Net lanai Boat of fire Underwriters, than three-leer fire-resistive construction end floors and,. or •ehlings or roofs of not less than two-hour fire-reeds- .02 Construction or Tanta: The construction or store • atco truction, all as specified in Chapter 32. All tanks shall at least met tie openings in exterior and interior walls, except ventilating . epee/legations fipetios of the Baba] Board of Underwriters for the ooppeeninngs. not fire-resistive voneel 11 square s are foot,o hall be lfle. era offuel or other volatile Inflammable Houle to be an Section 5.32.15. Such erclosu•s shell have a sequate sired. system of ventilators at or mar the floor and an or .03 Installation of Tanks: roof levels. 0 the installaEdon of fu] tan raw hold oe ]Y it', mo d, Ol yllrtl g n,und: the rlrbehh! la end arm drthe et 'H, 1•01W VO1M571/ '" vies with the shall 113M g fgiepleuote- tuntliel Jpl' y��yq • J, *twee of place. SAahl�b less then two (2)Rfeet teleiln m 11 be Termed .03 exhaust pines shell be installed provided fee reinforced concrete slab not lessthan row (4) inches m engines an Section 8.34.08,02.04. Chloe; except that where such trees are located urt]ergrvmuN slate shawithin ll betnotor walls of any less than six (6) fiche.. thick.e concrete 8.34.I1B .01 rrcrvtion: Tramfamer vaults shall be located at, or es practicable, to the points of en- " .fv ylm^Ise shall be so Metalled as to prevent VAULTS traces or the service conductors; and, except be Special, tie eyPMNB of the liquid thrown broken approval of the Chief Buildi g Inspector, no suchvaults] f0 Pews or correction. located on floors above the floor. roe-mrbvaults shall be located adjacent to rterlor walls of ange .03 8xcavatlons for ente closer torer owe tanks shall bons buildings and entrant' and egress shall be had directly fret of buildingsthan the not bdm[ke �of the excel.rt n below fine tie exterior. `• + tdot ing. the horizontal me ants shall be t°'an from .02 Construction: the merest anon.con of the rooting to the adjacent edge • of tie excavation. .01 Vaults shall be constructed with walls of not ,. less than role (4) how fire-resistive construe_ .02 Within Enclosures:tion are floors and ceilings of not less than three (3) how • Ptre-resist Sve construction All OP:things in walls, flares .01 All tanks for the starve of reel oil, xili, s shall be protected by does or of tire- except Lents located v r$romi as pro- . I 1 or istiv¢ construction as specified in Chapter 32, except vanes in 8e{t1o0 8.3M1.l'2.0).0I, shall be rlthln enclosures' that ventilating openings not ercM]na ore (1) square foot M no Stith enclosures s411 De ]matsi .t:Mn builders on in area and opening to the exterior of' the building nay be flours eve he gmma Tavel. protected by dotal louvres. .02 Fuel nil tanks Vane a capacity of two .02 A sill of sufficient height to confine within hundred and seventy-five (ayn) gallons Or the vault, one third (1/377 than the capa- city lessway be located wltuu +.l c ..f not Mn theme eu ]argee rare orcer la ethan our L) ...� om..'.„.v. nck a high, shell be provided across all rloor uweurg equapceu„ prop,„a„ pia, ,w'pa, u. apa v....., o.wr be loser than seven (1) feet lorrzaRall� to anymdoil con- suming.03 Entrance doors shall be equipped with approved auw1B new ice, am provided further that floor curbs shall lode and doors shall be kept locked with accee be installed in such mannerthat at In et the capacity of available• only to authorized persons,apdrw]ded, however, the tank can be contained are foor vitae the curbs, or hat seth ]cc is shl in all obe designed and In- with In the curbs end the welt . and net n closer atay staled as to be reMf1y ogenM from Ow inside withut the ncfrt than seven (7) feet her]zonta!ly to my oil containing tee or keys. device, • .01 Drainage: Those transferrer vaults which are located .05 Tanks not ]pasted In enclosures a prwfd-- ('. below ground water level or which for 5: ed in Section 8.34.12.011.02 shall be en- other reasons may be subject to flooding oe water intlltra- • cloei°1 in.not less than three (3) haw La-resistive eon- tioe shall ce 4rovided with adequate system wee engine aid/m atrm[ion antler applied directly to the lank, orwith the automatic J ctors, and all such drainage Instsllkt ions Spices between the tank and [he a emtrurt ton filled solid shill be subject to the approval of the Chief Building In- • wits sand. y_ mentor. .03 Vents: Storage tanks shall be equ1pped with pipe .eK Vents tattoo: vents inderendent r all other pip] and • reamed to discharge to the open air not lest, ten than (1) .01 Vaults shall be so designed that there shell be feet above the adjacent grant level. filth vents shell be airan space or not less than six inches (a") of awpre size to preventpr broom] ressu'e:! during fining between any transformer and a wall of the vault, and not but In no sea ]lee than one are one-fourth (]}) Inca less than (1) foot between adjacent transformers in the nine size. vent plea shall he arranged_ to drain not etox ethe nd sax vault. tenor?M the lower end of the vent pipe shall not extend t the np Into the tank more than one (1) inch. The .02 ventilating openings, m transformer vaults, top of the vent ape shall not be closer than two (2) feet shall be proportioned to the nctenelty of the f proof bulaing opening and shall be t1LGd with a weather • referrers contained, to facilitate tie r of air, hood. and to prevent the development of excessive temperatures. .k6Special Restrictions; No pipeshq pill pipes, et thra gt rm- shalle bein t it Ina od only for sanitary pinealrg, uP. pipes Ise et f a°1ny water or gas supply, of tul]aings at a point at least five (•.) fee[ from other purposes than those necessary to the electr lent hu]L11B openingr at tee ire or lower lees 1, or tielmLlnK ooeratlon of the transformers shell be pieced in any traits-, within properly ventilated ell :ures of not less teen tees forper vault; norshall any toilets orwash basins be in- (0) how fire-resistive construction. Fill terminals shall stalled therelrt Such vaults shall notD° teed for °tor ee, -be closed tight when not in use by a petal :over designed to preventtampering. t s.s;.14 "8.3 .Nil d A. W' [ lees then one-third (I/31 the diameter of the stet slew cx34,13 .01 SgRyt or Cbf6wni `'.) space between the utso W the wall. .01 A °hinny shill Support no sertieal load a*pe .05 A smoke stack Swefesnu11d1�tgg .pass De F�otsetee itsweight, but ths provision shall aA•sz goads eon a a substantial sh nl shield to to- apply to masonry ownoNd to a °hinny outside the required • combustible oaterialier persons by a subs for ventilating the use thereof, nor shall it be construed to pf the' as tte:e between etackaM shield. If e 'sole stack le nee of suspended Rtegins for erection or neighs nee. within a ventilating shaft or other enclosure of a vertioal .02 Chimed. shell nob be constrained iMe Ks ocening, provisions shall be made for ventilatng the share' p 1 e at the Dothan are above the loot. Stich emio- rich aka angles boat shell e ethanrsie yn 80) (e7 a shall e of incombust role materials and the stack green[nore oreen antehng not less than sixty degrees de- shhaall tend clear of tad enclosing walls on allsides not green nor more than one hundred bee ach0) oor and with less ton four (4) Inches nor less then one-third (1/3) the each other. a Such by port shall be at each floor sad roof, dlyreter of the stack. level .M shall be mean of incombustible n struts, walls! a or ➢emu: provided, halever, that where mmury wals seal .00 Pertinent provision for chimneys still also apply co horded into such chimney construction aft are laterallysup- Psmokeerti etacle. ported by floor and reef aerte,e of wood joists other , approved nterrehs, such lateral support for the walls shall consideredbe Proper support for tad chimney. The Chief 8.34.]A ,01 Snrolre_papes shall be of copper bearing or galvanized nized Inspectorems may,tat his for freest, approve recce- 'sheet 1r orsteel except that where gas is used for where ye enforcement of construction above for rovisions woou chimneys, EMIL fuel, sheet capper onother approved mterials shall be used. where the njustic cent of the provisions ld canes PIFEB manifest injustice. .�} smols-picee n a connect with a chimneyr.cas i�o oe .03 Chimneys shall be supported en ease, forts of be tightly fitted in a burned fire darn °saf retook-. reinforced concrete or grade beams, other opening thistle built into the masoning. framework of reinforced concrete -r structural steel neans • sided opening of brick masonry. bayingnot less than two-hw,a fire-resistive protection,Se ction en, or Smoke-pipes s of unprotected metal shall not be nearerrtay beg corbelled h ire n from a soY wall as nwfdededeatlm g ,03• than eighteen (18) inches below exposed eubuetlb1e 0.25.21u.o2. - construction unless the combustible material is protected by .02 Chimney Construction • an imrsb:etlble shield having awidthinot less ssethfn)two (2) titres the pipe djaeefer, suspended es .01 The walls of chineye shall be of brick, con- below such eo:bust Ible material an riot less than three (3) crete block, structural clay tile, reinforced inches above the pips 1t] v dt noted both sides. The concrete or stone with lining as is specified In this Sec- space between a net 1 amohe-p1Fi covered with not less then Hon. , oneone-half (id) inches of asbestos or ether approved insulating and combustible material Oboe, or between a .02 Linings for chimes shall be of burned fire's, mole-pipe of unprotected metal a woodwork above RN Oeted ' clay flue lining not less than five-eighths by a ceiling of ore-how fire-resistive construction shall ore/8) inch thick or of fire brick not less than three and be not less than three(3) inches. _half (34) inches thick, and such linfrg shall be Cretin- *' 04 iptfll smoke-pipes ha11Y [ least twelve (12) inches fromJoie a point thengt a dimension if recta gult baler •e the diameter of the �. horizontally fromm eoibu�itlhle materials unless protect- . the bottomgreatestfrom the bottom of, tion ant clearance are provided ae specified above for pro- the flte, of the ugh smoke-pipe , or the flue, eM etoougF the top of the [limey. tertian over. h a .03 The following initherecosstruction of chinneys• Asmay bered ha chimney ormasonry a stack,nit shallebei rg yp lined an otherwi of If a sus e from left to right they apply from inside to outside in� constructed as apecified for cMmnya in Section 8.34.13. cross-section. Tht r0000f of suchglee shall be suitablyconstructed W to e • s V A}AACl'fMY_l:A'p19lIA;. e constructed BSolid r1 k Blockt Tile HCocreted 3ttom- •09 S f cm-ural stsiingtlh aM durtyy least the equl- talents of walvalnized sheet iron or steel of the thiabwee 5/8 Flue Lining S" indicated Oelow: - a. 5/8 " 4" 8^ 8^ M THIGNNEne_Of_ilfy'AL FOR bRQgE.PIPER H 4" 10" 5/8 6"' 1)161?TFB` MINIMUM THIC10658S Fire Brick4^ • (Inches) (U. S. Sage) 8" 6-10 • 26 " 3" 11-20 - 24 gn Si n 10" • 40-49 - , 20 • 50-up 18 .04 dorned fire clay1 lining shall be built in theas masonry of the charms islaid. All. '• ' joints and spaces between e the masonry shall be thoroughly 8.34.13 01 All tairhe ducts shaft be [soles entire] of metal filled with mortareach of the masonry is laid. VBe1ItATRA or otter approved i be i e-re material.al. �Linings by if Cracked, broken or otherwise defective flue lining shall not peas used hackie of dints, me be used in a chimney. Fire brick lining shall be laid in , the chief Building Inspector, aM no combustible exterior ire clay or with narrow beds and. helots of mortar. Mortar. werlrg sNem be used in concealed locations s buildings used In lay ing up the units of cMmey in ction shall be o leas wend( h not less than three-eighths (3/8) inch Portland a nt mortar as specified In Section 6.25.11. of cement or gy l plaster. .05 Where more than ore (I) fie is built into a .02 No air shalljbe oonducted through void spaces, *tad chimney, such flies shall be sew ated with m walls, ha on ring, floor construction or other parte of a sonry wlties not less than three and ore-hal a-'f (3k) Inches building that are entirely or in pert co,etrteted of wood Or thick boated to the walls of the chimney. other c,tastible material. Ma roan, attic void, hollow or oncealed grace, nor other part of a building shall be used .05 Chimney flues, which serve smoke-pipes, shall ae part of a blower or exhaust system unless it le an into- . to-Pure and allbe provided with a metal clean-out dove a -deli below the entrance of the s or t mb blerma such system terials properly fire protected. of SR with n built-in hone. with no openings mill sleight: Cain eys shall be ^.hided to a height stdfl- '03 Ducts shall be tighessentialt thro the r, Mg except thoselhtto the required n o enings dent to protect adjoining buildings from" of thesystem, and shall be substantially bracedcedivrlsup fire and .smoke and unless the roof is covered with ineam ported y metal hangers, brackets, or t. bustiblo materials, spell extern t gaup thirty (30) inches, ( pro- vided above fhb higneet point ef'interseetlon with-the roof. m 'M vlearances of between net ess than am ducts and etnb) table material or .04 Cunmbust IDle rater als Regulated: wconstructi ithin Si!(0) Inches offrb duets bshale llthave T construction or at least one (1) .0] No weed .fists or rafters shall be placed closer hour fire-resistive protection. than two (2) inches, nor shall any woolen stud-, dire, furring, o ri g, re other woad work be placed closer than o ,05 pact Nll not pass through fire galls e l� unlessss tin- (I) ¢h to any chimney. No woolen furring or wooden lath avoidable and in such cases approved tle sHall be used enairmt a cMmmes end any spare about a chin- • ftre doors or shutters shall be.Fwlded• rev shall he firs .stopped at ac floor, ilirg or roof `i4. level with !oaothustible materials. • .OP Ducts shall be so constructed as to provide structural strength and durability at least the equivalent of ,G2 For the pwpn m e of this Section a chimney shall galvanized sheet iron or steel of the thickness indicated consist of the flue or floes, the lining and tie below: nails to the required tthicamaew THICKNE¢1_4F-A%TAL FOR_gl2.11Lct .01 snare stacks shell eminent ' vertical loads other DIAMETER REPTAMfiL8421 WIDTH IINI�pt TRIC8tl68f SNORE than their or a ight,, but this shall not be co strted TlmFes) (Inches) (V. S. Dap) STACKS to prevent the use of suspended staging for erection tion or • maintenance. Every smoke stack shall be apableof resist- 0-10 OP-I2 • 26 ing wind forces and supporting its own weight without ex- 11-29 12-30 24 ceedirg the stresses allowed by this Cole for the materials, of which it is constructed. 30-39 31-80 2240-49 61•118 20 50-up 11B-up 18 k • .02 "mole stacks shall be suported and stayed by at- �. bustible construction! except [1st, guys may bee . - t taclth to wooden roofs where at is not practicable to obtain• .0> Eraept asotherwlee provided herein, dust systems imorbuctlble anchorage. shall be trawled M Installed to meet the re- of of Fire Urs Re-. .00 The metal of circular sheet or sheet iron sm o e steels gguullatiomeSfor the installati Board of Air Codittionirr , Warm Air shall be not less than the following thickness: Heating, Air Cooling and Ventilating System DIASIELFIL OF STACK 'LTAS P6IG ' sn I . Not more than 8 inches No. 16 Gage Dore than 8 inches, not over 11 inches No. 12 Gage •":A loree than kz inches, not over 16 roaches 10 Gage - than tH inches, not over ed inches No. a age ;l than 24 inches, not r 30 inches, 8/16 inch more than 30 Inches, not over 48 inches 1/4 Inch .04 Smoke stack: may be momted on the outside of a build- - Inv supported by and secured tun the exterior walls' I l • thereof. There shall be not less than four (4) inches nor ' Section 3. That any person, firm 'or corporation violating any of the provisions of the MIAMI BEACH BUILDING CODE as referred to and being a part of this Ordinance shall be deemed to be guilty of a misdemeanor and each such person shall be deemed guilty of a separate offense for each and 'every day or portion thereof during which any violation of any of the provisions of the MIAMI BEACH BUILDING CODE is committed, continued or permitted, and upon conviction of any such violation or violations, such person shall be punishable by a fine of not more than $500,00, or by imprisonment in the city jail for not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Section 4. That Ordinance No. 233, and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. Section 5. That should any part of this Ordinance be declared to be unconstitutional or invalid, the remaining portions shall continue to have the same force And effect as though such unconstitutional or invalid portions had not been included. Section 6. That this ordinance be posted in accordance with the law. PASSED AND ADOPTED this 15th day of January, A. D. , 1941. (Signed) John H. Levi Mayor ATTEST: (Signed) C. W. Tomlinson City Clerk ( SEAL)` 1st Reading, December 9th, 1940 2nd Reading, December 9th, 1940 3rd Reading, January 15th, 1941 Posted . . . January 25th, 1941 STATE OF FLORIDA) COUNTY OF DADE) I, C. W. TCMLINSON, City Clerk in and for the City of Miami Beach, Florida, do hereby certify that Ordinance No. 592, entitled "AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF MIAMI FEACH, FLORIDA, RET'LATINC. THE ERECTION, CONSTRUCTION, ENLA33ING, ALTERATION, REPAIR, 'fOVING, REMOVAL, DEMOLIT$ON, CONVERSION, OCCUPANCY, EQUIPMENT, USE, HEImHT, , AREA AND MAINTENANCE OF ALL BUILDINGS AND/OP STRUCTURES IN THE CITY OF MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA, AND OTH R MATTERS REL'.TING THERETO; PROVIDING FOP. THE APPOINTMENT OF A 2 OAJ'D CT v.JLES AND AFPEALS TO OVE.`.3EE LICEN3}: EXAMINATIONS CONNECTED WITH BUILDING ACTIVITIES, AND TO SUSFED'C'. REVOKE SUCH LICENSES; ESTABLISHI"G FIRE ZONES; PROVIDING FOP PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF THIS ORDINANCE; AND REPEALIN:. ORDINANCE NC. 233 AND ALL OTHER ORDINANCES OP PARTS OF ORDINANCES IN CONFLICT HEREWITH", $•.•� having been passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of M1eni Beach, Florida, has been posted oy me in throe conspicuous tlaces in f" t the City of Miami Beach, one of which was at the door of the City Hal. in said City on the 25th day of January, A. D. , 19l1, and that said 17 . -1 Ordinance remained posted for a period of at least thirty days in •>. accordance with the requirements of the City Charter of the said City of Miami Beach. — t .A o IN MIINlo S whEF.3OF I hove hereunto set try hand end Y P.. affixed the official seal of the City of Mini Bach, Fl.m-ice, on t. the 6th day of t1a:., A. C. , 1941. tity er lA�A�ly