HomeMy WebLinkAboutOIG No. 25-24 Waste Management of Florida Inc.TO:
FROM:
DATE:
PROJECT:
PERIOD:
I0R G'«
Joseph M.Centorino,Inspector General
Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Commission
Joseph Centorino,Inspector General
December 29,2025
Waste Management of Florida Inc.(Non-Exclusive Franchise Contractor)Audit
Final Report
January 1,2022,through December 31,2024
OIG No.:25-24
This report presents the findings of an audit conducted by the City of Miami Beach Office of the
Inspector General (OIG}regarding the Non-Exclusive Franchise Waste Contractor Agreement
between the City of Miami Beach and Waste Management of Florida,Inc.The audit also
encompasses the associated Service Agreement,intended to operate concurrently with the
franchise agreement.
BACKGROUND
Chapter 90,Article IV,Private Waste Contractors,of the Gity Code allows the City to have Non-
Exclusive Franchise Waste Contractor Agreements and Service Agreements with multiple waste
contractors.These contractors provide waste collection and recycling services for Commercial
establishments,industrial uses,hotels,rooming houses,and multi-family residences of nine (9)
dwelling units or more in the City of Miami Beach.According to the Non-Exclusive Franchise
Waste Contractor Agreement,the waste contractor is granted the franchise and must undertake
and perform each obligation outlined in the Agreement.The "Service Agreement"covers
additional solid waste collection,disposal,and recycling services at certain City-owned facilities
and properties.The Service Agreement is intended to have a term that runs concurrently with the
terms of the Non-Exclusive Franchise Waste Contractor Agreement.
The City of Miami Beach currently has two waste haulers:Waste Management,Inc.of Florida
and Waste Connections of Florida,Inc.(formerly Progressive Waste Solutions of FL,Inc.).The
initial contract commenced on October 1,2019,with a three-year renewal term set to terminate
on September 30,2022.The contractors and the City have also agreed to the terms outlined in
the concurrent Service Agreements.
On July 20,2022,the City Commission accepted a recommendation from the City Finance and
Economic Resiliency Committee,as stated in Resolution 2022-32228,to extend the contract on
a month-to-month basis for a period not to exceed twelve (12)months,from September 30,2022,
to September 30,2023.Additionally,as approved by Resolution 2023-32617,the agreement term
was extended on a month-to-month basis until the solicitation process for the new Request for
Qualification (RFQ)is completed and a new contract is executed.
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Section 90-221 of the City Code requires that each franchise waste contractor pay the City a
franchise fee consisting of a percentage of the contractor's total monthly gross receipts
established by resolution of the City Commission.Currently,the franchise fee paid to the City by
its franchise waste contractors is 20%of said gross receipts.An additional 2%Public Right-of-
Way fee and a 2%Sustainability Fee are applicable for a total fee assessment of 24%of gross
receipts.Gross receipts reported and fees paid by the contractor during the audit period were as
follows:
Gross Receipts:2022 2023 2024 TOTAL
Waste Collection $16,452,675.79 $16,629,805.89 $16,742,082.18 $49,824,563.86
Fees Paid:
Sanitation Franchise Fees $3,290,535.16 $3,325,961.18 $3,348,416.44 $9,964,912.78
Sustainability Initiative Fees $359,712.93 $363,589.23 $362,455.38 $1,085,757.54
Right-of-Way Fees $298,243.27 $300,221.15 $298,833.35 $897,297.77
Total Fees Paid $3,948,491.35 $3,989,771.56 $4,009,705.17 $11,947,968.08
SUMMARY
The OIG Auditor examined all payments recorded during the audit period to determine whether
the franchise fee transactions were correctly calculated,timely,and completely remitted to the
City.
SCOPE,OBJECTIVES,AND METHODOLOGY
The primary scope of this audit was to determine whether the Franchisee adhered to specific
terms of the Non-Exclusive Franchise Waste Contractor Agreement and the Service Agreement
for additional solid waste collection services.Additionally,it aimed to verify that Waste
Management accurately calculated and paid the City 24%of all gross receipts collected by the
contractor for solid waste collection and disposal within the City pursuant to those agreements,
which do not include taxes and gross receipts from servicing Rolloff and portable containers that
collect construction and demolition (C&D)debris.
Objectives
The objectives of this audit were to identify:
•Whether the franchisee transactions were accurately calculated and remitted to the City.
•Whether the waste hauler contractor maintains a compliant Certificate of Insurance.
•Whether proper controls are in place to ensure the integrity,reliability,and accuracy of
franchise fee calculations,records,and data.
e Whether franchise fees and additional fees have been collected and paid to the City
promptly and sufficiently.
•Whether the Finance Department bills any late fees,if applicable.
•Whether there has been adequate documentation to support the franchisee's calculations
of exempt revenue.
•Other audit procedures as deemed necessary.
Methodology
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•Reviewed applicable sections of the Non-Exclusive Franchise Waste Contractor
Agreement and the Service Agreement for additional Solid Waste Collection Services.
•Interviewed and made inquiries of staff to gain an understanding of internal controls,
assess control risk,and plan audit procedures.
•Performed substantive testing consistent with the audit objectives,including,but not
limited to,examination of applicable transactions and records.
•Drew conclusions based on the results of testing with corresponding recommendations
and obtained auditee responses and corrective action plans;and
•Performed other audit procedures as deemed necessary.
Findings,Recommendations,and Management Responses
1.UNCOLLECTED LATE FEES
The Auditor reviewed all payments recorded in Munis,the current City enterprise resource
planning system,to ensure that franchise fees were paid on time and by established
deadlines.The test included a review of the monthly 20%franchise fee and the 2%
sustainable initiative fee,both of which are due monthly.
Condition:
The auditor identified eleven late franchise fee payments during the audit period,with
delays ranging from 1 to 11 days.This resulted in total uncollected fees,interest,and
penalties of $44,511,which includes $36,583 in delinquency fees (10%penalty)and
$7,928 in interest.
Criteria
According to Section 5 (Franchise Consideration)of the non-exclusive agreement,the
franchise fee must be paid monthly per Section 90-223 of the City Code.This section
states that the franchise fee is due to the finance department on or before the last day of
each month,covering gross receipts from the previous month.
Section 90-225 outlines the penalties for failing to pay the franchise fee.If a contractor
does not pay the full fee by the last day of the month,the following penalties will apply:
a.Original Delinquency:A penalty of 10%of the delinquent fee.
b.Continued Delinquency:If the contractor does not remit the franchise fee within 30
days of the initial delinquency,an additional penalty of 10%will be applied for each
subsequent 30-day period,up to a maximum of 50%.
c.Interest:The contractor will also incur interest on the unpaid franchise fee at the
highest legal rate permitted by law.
Cause
Neither the Finance Department nor the Sanitation Division billed the franchisee
(contractor)for late payments,yet the franchise contractor did not submit monthly
payments on time.
Effect
This pattern affects the City of Miami Beach's cash flow and may raise concerns about the
adequacy of the Sanitation Division's enforcement of contractual obligations.
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Recommendations
The Sanitation Division team should calculate applicable late fees and issue contractor
bills for any deficiencies.For the future it is recommended that the Sanitation Division
implement stricter billing practices or establish a clear policy regarding late payments to
ensure compliance and accountability among contractors.
Waste Management Response
WM reviewed all 36 payments during the audit period and each of the payments were
remitted within the time period specified by the parties'agreement.See the attached
payment report which shows the date each payment was sent.WM requests that this issue
be deemed resolved and all late fees and penalties be removed.WM does have the ability
to pay via ACH and would recommend to the City of Miami Beach that if they have the
capability to receive those type of payments WM can work with the City to get this payment
structure setup to avoid any delays caused by the postal service.
OIG Reply
After receiving responses from Waste Management,the OIG auditor re-reviewed the
information provided,including the postal stamp on the envelopes,and adjusted the
amount due for late fees to $32,720.This amount comprises $26,350 in delinquency fees
and $6,370 in interest.The OIG acknowledges that the payment report is a spreadsheet
file without other supporting documentation or source records,and without such evidence
for each payment,the OIG cannot rely upon this report for substantive evidence that the
payment was received by the City on a specific date.
Sanitation Division Response
We agree with the audit recommendations provided by the OIG.The Sanitation Division
will meet with the Finance Department to discuss implementation of late fees being added
based on the contractual agreement.
Implementation Date:June 30,2026
2.SUSTAINABLE INITIATIVES FEES OVERCHARGED
The auditor compared the gross receipts from the monthly Sanitation Franchise Fee report
remitted to the City with the gross receipts reported under the Sustainable Initiative Fee
report and the Franchise Fee schedule to identify any discrepancies and validate
compliance with Section 5 of the Franchise Consideration for the Non-exclusive Franchise
Waste Contractor.
Condition
The auditor found a $4,463,313 difference between the gross receipts from sustainable
initiatives fees and those from Franchise fees.Further analysis showed that this difference
is related to the inclusion of gross receipts from the "temporary"roll-offs',which are not
covered under the franchise agreement.2
1 As per Sec.90-2,Rolloff container means a metal container,compacted or open,approved by the city manager,that
is designed and used by C&D haulers for the collection and disposal of construction and demolition debris;large
quantities of trash,and/or bulky waste;but not garbage or commercial refuse.
2 The Contractor refers to the temporary roll-offs as the roll-off containers used for collecting construction and
demolition debris.
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As a result,Waste Management roll-off clients were incorrectly billed 2%for Sustainable
Initiative fees,resulting in a total overpayment to the City of $89,266.
Criteria
Section 5 of the Non-exclusive Franchise Waste Contractor Agreement states that the
gross receipts from servicing roll-off containers are not included under the franchise fee
due to the City.Roll-offs are subject to different requirements and fees,as set forth in
Section 90-278 of the City Code,which does not include sustainable initiatives fees.
Cause
Waste Management was unaware of the requirements of the Agreement and of the City
Code related to gross receipts.The Sanitation Division did not validate that the amount
collected was accurate and remitted in compliance with Section 5 of the Agreement.
Effect
This situation exposes the City to potential financial adjustments,undermines the
accuracy of revenue reporting and the integrity of contract administration,and increases
the risk of future errors due to inadequate oversight and a lack of contractor awareness.
Ultimately,this scenario could diminish confidence in the City's internal controls and its
capacity to enforce contractual and regulatory requirements effectively.
Recommendation
The Sanitation Division should review the monthly and annual gross receipts reports for
accuracy and compliance with the terms of the agreement.Also,the Sanitation Division
should communicate and educate all Sanitation Waste Hauler contractors if errors are
noted.
Waste Management Response
WM reviewed its franchise fee calculation worksheet and confirmed that we had been
including the Temporary Roll-off amounts in our 2%Sustainability Initiative Fee amount.
We have corrected that effective October 2025 submittal and will calculate any 2025
overpayment impact to include in that franchise fee payment package.
Sanitation Division Response
We agree with the audit recommendations provided by the OIG.The Sanitation Division
will have discussions with the Finance Department over current procedures and develop
a streamlined process.
Implementation Date:June 30,2026
3.RIGHT OF WAY FEES UNDERBILLED
The auditor compared the gross receipts from the monthly sanitation Franchise Fee
reports submitted to the City with the monthly gross receipts reported under the right-of-
way fee report,also filed monthly,and the Franchise Fee schedule to identify any
discrepancies and validate compliance with Section 5 of the Franchise Consideration for
the Non-exclusive Franchise Waste Contractor Agreement.
Condition
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The auditor found a $4,959,675 difference between the gross receipts from right-of-way
fees and those reported from total Franchise fees collected,with Franchise fees exceeding
right-of-way fees by that amount.Further analysis revealed that this difference was related
to the improper exclusion of gross receipts from the "permanent"roll-offs3 used for
garbage collection,which should be covered under the Franchise Agreement.They differ
from the "temporary roll-offs used for the removal of construction debris,which are subject
to different requirements and fees,as set forth in Section 90-278 of the City Code.As a
result,Waste Management miscalculated the total gross receipts for right-of-way fees,
resulting in an underpayment of $99,193.50 to the City.
Criteria
Section 5,Franchise Consideration,of the Non-exclusive Franchise Waste Contractor
Agreement states that,"...In addition to monthly payment of the franchise fee,and in
accordance with the franchisee's proposal in response to the RFQ,the Franchisee shall
(during the term herein)also pay an annual amount equal to two percent (2%)of its total
annual Gross Receipts,to be applied by the City towards the establishment,
implementation,and operation of a public right of way cleaning program,which shall be
operated through the City's Sanitation Division..."
Cause
Waste Management was unaware of the requirements of the Agreement and of the City
Code related to the right-of-way.The Sanitation Division did not validate the amount
collected and remitted in compliance with Section 5 of the Agreement.
Effect
This situation exposes the City to potential financial adjustments,undermines the
accuracy of revenue reporting and the integrity of contract administration,and increases
the risk of future errors due to inadequate oversight and a lack of contractor awareness.
Ultimately,this scenario could diminish confidence in the City's internal controls and its
capacity to enforce contractual and regulatory requirements effectively.
Recommendation
The Sanitation Division should calculate the difference in right-of-way fees and bill Waste
Management accordingly.The Sanitation Division should also review the monthly and
annual gross receipts reports to ensure accuracy and compliance with City Code.
Furthermore,if any errors are identified,the Sanitation Division should communicate with
and educate all Sanitation Waste Hauler contractors.
Waste Management Response
WM reviewed its franchise fee calculation worksheet and confirmed that we had not been
including the Permanent Roll-off (Garbage Collection -MSW)amounts in our 2%Right of
Way Fee amount.We have corrected that effective the October 2025 submittal and will
calculate any 2025 impact to include in that franchise fee payment package.
Sanitation Division Response
We agree with the audit recommendations provided by the OIG.The Sanitation Division
3 The Contractor refers to the Permanent roll-offs as the roll-off containers used in hotels and condominiums to store
garbage.
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will have discussions with the Finance Department over current procedures and develop
a streamlined process.
Implementation Date:June 30,2026
4.NON-COMPLIANT CONTAMINATION AUDITS
The auditor requested the 2022,2023,and 2024 Contamination Audits for its review and
to determine if they are in compliance with the Service Agreement.
Condition
The documentation received did not comply with the requirements established in the
Agreement.The amounts of recycling and contamination rates were not quantified.
Additionally,the auditor was unable to validate whether the contractor sent letters to
customers with excess contamination rates.The list of the non-compliant accounts was
not sent to the City nor provided to the auditor for evaluation.
Criteria
Exhibit A #15 of the Service Agreement states,"Each Contractor shall carry out a waste
contamination audit ("Contamination Audit")once a year for their recycling accounts,using
vehicles designated only for collection within the limits of the City of Miami Beach.Each
Contamination Audit shall quantify the amount of recycling generated,as well as
contamination rates.Each contractor shall provide written notices to customers that have
excess amounts of contamination and provide a list of non-compliant accounts to the City
on a monthly basis."
While it is standard industry practice for recycling revenues to be exempted from
Franchise Fees,the auditor could not identify any section in the State Statute,the City
Code,or the Agreement that explicitly states that recycling is exempt.
Cause
The Sanitation Division team lacks a formalized process for reviewing contamination
audits to ensure compliance with the terms of the agreement.
Effect
This situation raises concerns that revenues received by the contractor for waste
collection,subject to a fee,may have been unreported,thereby reducing the revenues
paid to the City.There is insufficient documentation to substantiate the accuracy of
recycling activities for which no fees are remitted to the City.Rather than providing the
information required under the Service Agreement to document the amount of recycling
generated,the contractor acknowledged in its contamination reports for all three audited
years that "no data was collected on recyclable commodity percentages from the material."
Recommendation
The Sanitation Division should implement a formal review and validation process for
annual Contamination Audits submitted by contractors.This process should include
verifying that audits meet all contractual requirements such as quantifying contamination
rates,including supporting documentation,and listing non-compliant accounts.
Waste Management Response
Page 7 of 9
WM disagrees with the Inspector General's position.Contamination audits were
conducted annually solely to determine the quantity of contaminated recyclable material
in the overall loads delivered.The purpose of the contamination audits is not to determine
the percentage composition of each type of recyclable material;instead,a composition
study would have to be performed to obtain that data regarding the percentage of each
individual commodity.The reports submitted included tonnages collected in the samples
and the amount of contaminated material following ASTM protocol.As a contamination
audit rather than a composition study,there is no requirement to determine the relative
percentage of each individual commodity.Additionally,WM submits monthly reports to the
City with lists of excessively contaminated recycling,a partial sample of which from July
2025 is copied below.Listed customers are also advised of the excessive contamination.
With respect to the implication that the City is entitled to franchise fees on commercial
recycling,we disagree based on the following:
1."Gross Receipts"as defined in the Agreement include fees from "solid waste
collection and disposal",not Recyclable Materials or Recovered Materials:
"Gross Receipts"as refend tu lerein slall mnem the entire auut of the fees collected
by the ontrato;(whether wholly orpartially collected for solid waste collcction and disposal
within the City,but excluding any sales tax,or other ta.govemental impost:on,assessment,
charge or expense ofanykind,collected bythe Franchisee from the account holder and required
by law to be remitted to the taxing or other governmental authonty,and further excluding tees
from servicing talloff ad nurtublc container.
2.FS 403.7046 precludes municipalities from assessing franchise fees on Recovered
Materials.
OIG Reply
According to the service agreement,Each Contractor shall carry out a waste
contamination audit once a year for their recycling accounts,using vehicles designated
only for collection within the limits of the City of Miami Beach.Each Contamination Audit
shall quantify the amount of recycling generated,as well as the contamination rates.Each
contractor should provide written notices to customers who have excess amounts of
contamination and provide a list ofnon-compliant accounts to the City on a monthly basis.
Waste Management did not quantify the amounts of recycling and contamination and did
not provide evidence that letters were sent to customers with excess contamination rates.
Additionally,the list of non-compliant accounts was not provided to the auditor for
evaluation.The attachment provided by the Contractor was not included in the final report
because it contains private and confidential information.
The contamination audit is a valuable source for evaluating the reasonableness of the
recycling amounts excluded by the contractor on each reporting period.The contamination
audit should include the annual volume of contaminated recyclable materials received,
compared to the overall volume of recycled materials collected,as well as other
compliance requirements stated above related to recycling waste contamination by
customers.In this instance,the OIG has determined that the data provided by the
contractor was not in compliance with the existing agreement between the City and the
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contractor.
The OIG has no dispute about the taxability of revenue from recycling activities,given
existing City policy;however,the volume of recycled material and the amount of recycling-
exempt gross receipts must be adequately documented.
Sanitation Division Response
We agree with the audit recommendations provided by the OIG.The Sanitation Division
will ensure that waste haulers will provide the annual contamination audit report.The
Sanitation Department will discuss with the Finance and Legal Departments how franchise
fees apply to recycling loads that become contaminated and are disposed of as trash.
Implementation Date:June 30,2026
cc:Eric Carpenter,City Manager
John Norris,Public Works Director
David Martinez,Assistant City Manager
Jason Greene,Chief Financial Officer
Jason Neal,Government Affairs Director,WM of Florida
Stephen Zelitt,Senior Financial Analyst,WM of Florida
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL,City of Miami Beach
1130 Washington Avenue,6 Foor,Miami Beach,FL 33139
Tel:305.673.7020 •Fax:305.675.0420 •Hotline:786.897.1111
Email:CityofMiamiBeachOIG@miamibeachfl.gov
Website:www.mbinspectorgeneral.com
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